Thermal insulation. Thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines

INSULATION OF HEAT NETWORKS

Currently, for the insulation of heating networks, the most commonly used mineral wool, polyurethane foam (PPU), polyethylene foam and other foamed polymer heat-insulating materials and piece products made of lightweight concrete. Mineral wool insulation has low thermal conductivity in the dry state. But due to violations of the conditions of transportation, storage at the construction site, installation in conditions of high humidity, inaccurate fastening, damage to the vapor barrier film, mineral wool loses its heat-shielding properties, deforms, settles, which leads to the need for repair and replacement of heat-insulating material. In addition, none of the mineral wool, including basalt wool, is suitable for insulating pipes with a heat carrier temperature above 250 ° C, since the impregnating composition decomposes. The used insulation made of polyurethane foam is mainly suitable for heat carrier temperatures up to 150°C. In case of damage to the hydroprotection and ingress of water, PPU decomposes. Piece heat-insulating materials capable of providing reliable thermal protection of pipelines long time and having the necessary heat resistance, are made in the form of shells from perlite concrete, foam glass and other inorganic materials, have a rather high cost and require manufacturing in the factory. Cheaper heat-insulating materials include non-autoclaved monolithic foam concrete of natural hardening - a type of lightweight cellular concrete obtained by hardening a solution consisting of cement, water and a surfactant, or simply foam. Foam provides the necessary air content in the solution and its uniform distribution throughout the mass in the form of small closed cells, which gives the material thermal insulation properties and moisture resistance. Foam concrete has high adhesion to metal and reliably protects metal from external corrosion. The coefficient of linear expansion of foam concrete is comparable to the coefficient of linear expansion of a steel pipe. Foam concrete can be used for thermal insulation of pipelines, equipment, gas ducts and air ducts located both in buildings and outdoors in impassable channels and for channelless laying with a coolant temperature from minus 150 ° C to plus 600 ° C, including pipelines of heating networks in new construction and renovations.

If the hydroprotection is damaged, foam concrete can collect up to 22-25% of water, which subsequently evaporates. At the same time, foam concrete, due to the hydration reaction, becomes stronger and retains its heat-shielding properties.

The technology of monolithic non-autoclaved foam concrete involves the use of mobile complexes that allow the production of heat-insulating foam concrete directly at the facility medium density 150 - 200 kg / m3 with pouring it into the annular space with subsequent hardening in vivo and the formation of a durable, heat-resistant heat-insulating layer on the surface of the pipeline. The foam concrete plant consists of: low-speed, anti-foam breaking, cycling mixer, foam generator for foam production, compressor and gerotor pump, ensuring smooth foam concrete supply with minimal air bubble destruction.

Work can be done in winter period at negative temperatures down to -15°С. In this case, it is necessary to ensure a positive temperature of foam concrete during the first 4-5 hours. This is achieved by using the kneading hot water and insulation of the pouring site.

The cost of pipe insulation with monolithic foam concrete is much less than insulation with mineral wool or polyurethane foam.

Work production technology

Pipeline sections are cleaned from rust, dust, dirt, oil stains and insulation residues during repair work (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1 Section of pipeline

The calculated thickness of the foam concrete layer is created using centralizers (Fig. 2) from polymer materials(at a coolant temperature not higher than 120°C) or galvanized steel, installed on insulated pipes at the rate of 1 centralizer per 1 casing (shell).

Rice. 2 Centralizer

Centralizers-stubs are installed at the initial and final sections of the pipeline (Fig. 3). In addition, plugs are installed along the length of the pipeline so that the volume of the limited section corresponds to the volume of the mixer.

Rice. 3 Blank centralizer

Using self-tapping screws, a casing (shell) made of galvanized steel or aluminum is installed on the centralizers so that the filling hole is located at the top, strictly in the center of the pipe (Fig. 4). Filling holes, in the future, are sealed with a waterproofing, but vapor-permeable material, in order to remove excess moisture from foam concrete.

Rice. 4 Metal casing (shell) with filling holes.

Pouring of foam concrete is carried out in 2 stages. Initially, a small volume of the area limited by the plugs is filled to control the possible flow of the foam concrete mixture at the joints of the casing with fixed supports. Leaks are sealed mounting foam. The control of filling the space between the pipeline and the metal casing (shell) is carried out visually through the filling holes. Similarly, vertical sections of the pipeline are filled (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5 Vertical section prepared for foam concrete pouring.

Filling on the existing pipeline must be carried out at a coolant temperature of not more than 60 ° C. If the temperature is above 60°C, it is necessary to reduce the temperature to the specified time for the foam concrete hardening (12-24 hours).

The thickness of the foam concrete layer depends on the temperature of the coolant, the temperature zone (for external pipelines) and the diameter of the insulated pipeline. Considering that the unit of measure for pipeline insulation in norms and prices is 1 m3 of insulation, and in calculations they often operate with the diameter of the pipeline and its length, below is a table of the ratio of 1 m3 of insulation to the length of the insulated pipeline. The table is designed to insulate external pipelines in the III temperature zone with foam concrete with a density of 200 kg / m3 at 4 coolant temperatures.

Journal "Pricing and estimated rationing in construction", November 2009, No. 11

During the heating process, the liquid that is used as a heat carrier circulates throughout the system. In order not to lose useful heat and to avoid excessive overheating of the room, insulation of heating pipelines is carried out.

Such work is necessary in country houses if the heating pipelines run down the street from the boiler room, or when the boiler is located in the far wing of the building, and the pipes are stretched along cold corridors. It helps deliver indoors more heat, keeping it on the entire route: from the boiler room to the heating radiators.

Several types of heaters are used as a material, they differ in thermal conductivity and installation methods, and when choosing a material, you need to know at least a little about its qualities.

Foamed polyethylene

This is a flexible insulation, which is produced in the form of pipes of various sizes, with a cut in the middle (this is done for ease of installation).

Mounting

When the pipeline is insulated with this material, pieces of insulation are applied to the pipes along the entire length, and pulled together with construction tape. The joints or joints of pipes must be covered with insulation of a thicker diameter. Therefore, before starting work, you need to roughly calculate required amount insulation different sizes.

The insulation of this brand is very convenient, it can be easily cut, and the remaining pieces can be used elsewhere, making up one long part from several segments.

fiberglass insulation

Such a heater is most in demand among builders. This material has a relatively small weight and is not subject to rotting at all. That is why it is often used to insulate pipes located on the street.

Mounting

During installation, the pipes are wrapped with insulation and fixed with a knitting wire. For additional protection from exposure to moisture from the outside, it is tied with roofing material or building foil.

Basalt wool

These are molded elements of insulation, which are made in the form of plates and cylinders. Such heaters are fireproof, have good strength and do not let moisture through. Its installation is quite simple, as in the case of fiberglass insulation, it is additionally protected with aluminum foil or roofing felt.

Styrofoam

Such a heater is made in the form of two shells of different sizes, they are fastened with special grooves, but for the reliability of the connection they must be additionally fixed with special glue or tape.

Mounting

When connected on pipes, the halves of the insulation are interconnected and the two parts are displaced in different directions by several centimeters. The next link is also connected, and the remaining ends are joined together, a kind of “overlap” of one connection to another is obtained, which provides a better bond.

For warming uncomfortable areas and turns, curly shells are used, which are of unequal sizes.

In order to carry out high-quality insulation with this material, it is necessary to calculate in advance the length of the pipeline, the number of joints and bends. This is required to purchase the right amount connecting parts.

polyurethane foam

This insulation is applied by spraying. A specially prepared composition is sprayed onto the mounted pipeline. It reliably adheres to the surface and, foaming, forms a dense protective mass with high strength.

Due to the fact that this insulation does not tolerate exposure to sunlight, the insulation of pipes located in the open air with it must be accompanied by their protection: winding with roofing material or aluminum foil.

For high-quality insulation of pipes, heaters can be combined. For example, in the boiler room and on the street they can be covered with mineral wool or basalt insulation. And in the house there are places for connecting to radiators - with foamed polyethylene, which looks more aesthetically pleasing.

This material, which is used to insulate heating pipelines, will eliminate some of the difficulties that arise during the installation of other heaters.

The bigger, the better…

This slogan refers to the installation of such insulation. It is applied with a sprayer or a conventional brush, and the more layers are applied to the pipe, the better the heat will be retained. And the process itself is much easier than installing other types of insulation. It can be applied without problems both on a smooth pipe located in good accessibility, and on hidden inconvenient areas.

When to Consider Pipe Insulation

It is best to install the insulation in the process of laying pipes and branches in the room. At this stage, it will be easier for you to choose the dimensions (when choosing a rolled or tubular insulation), and as a result, there will be less waste, and this, accordingly, will save you money.

Insulation repair

For all positive qualities ah all kinds of materials it will be useful to carry out preventive examination the entire heating line before the onset of the winter season. In order to avoid trouble in the future, the places of the insulation, which, due to any circumstances, have become unusable, must be replaced.

Video

Video on the installation of mineral wool cylinders:

A photo

Today, thermal insulation of pipelines is necessary both to reduce heat losses of the corresponding systems, and to lower the temperature of communications for their safe use. In addition, without it it is difficult to ensure the normal operation of networks in winter time, since the probability of freezing and failure of pipes is quite large and, moreover, dangerous.

According to the existing norms, as well as the rules for safe operation for steam and hot water supply pipes, for pipeline elements with a wall temperature of more than 55 degrees and at the same time they are in accessible places, it is recommended to use additional thermal insulation in such a way as to reduce their heating. In view of this, when calculating the thickness protective coating, laid indoors, the density norms are taken as the basis heat flow. In some cases, the temperature of the outer part of the insulation itself is also taken into account.

How to calculate insulation?

The choice of the required insulation is carried out on the basis of mathematical calculations, from which it is clear which material is better to take, its thickness, composition and other characteristics. If everything is done correctly, it is quite possible to significantly reduce heat loss, as well as to make the operation of systems reliable and absolutely safe.

What to pay attention to when calculating:

1. the difference in ambient temperatures where communications are used;
2. the temperature of the surface to be insulated;
3. possible loads on pipes;
4. mechanical influences from external influences, whether it be pressure, vibration, etc.;
5. the value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the applied insulation;
6. impact and corresponding magnitude from transport and soil;
7. the ability of an insulator to resist various kinds of deformation.

It should be noted that SNiP 41-03-2003 is considered the main document on the basis of which materials for insulation are selected, their thickness, according to specific operating conditions. The same SNiP says that for networks in which the operating temperature of the pipes is less than 12 degrees, it is necessary to additionally lay vapor barrier during surface treatment.

Thermal insulation pipes can be calculated in two ways, while each option can be called reliable and convenient for specific conditions. We are talking about the engineering (formula) and online version.

In the first case, the actual thickness of the optimal insulation layer is determined by a technical and economic calculation, in which the main parameter is the temperature resistance. The corresponding value should be within 0.86ºC m²/W for pipes up to 25mm in diameter, and not less than 1.22ºC m²/W for 25mm and above. SNiP provides for special formulas, according to which the total temperature resistance of the insulating composition of cylindrical pipes is calculated.

Please note that if you have any doubts about the correctness of the calculation, it is better to seek help and advice from specialists who will carry out the work reliably and efficiently, especially since the prices for their services are quite acceptable. Otherwise, a situation may arise when the amount of certain actions may be more costly in terms of money than doing everything from scratch.

When performing work independently, it should also be understood that all calculations of the thickness of pipe insulation are made under certain operating conditions, which take into account the materials themselves, and temperature changes, and humidity.

The second method is implemented through online calculators, which today are countless. Such an assistant is usually free, simple and convenient. Often, it also takes into account all the norms and requirements of SNiP, according to which professionals perform the calculation. All calculations are carried out quickly and accurately. Understanding how to use the calculator will turn out without much difficulty.

Initially, the required task is selected:

• Prevention of freezing of the liquid of the pipeline of engineering networks.
• Ensuring constant operating temperature protective insulation.
• Warming of communications of water heating networks of two-pipe underground channel laying.
• Protection of the pipeline from the formation of condensate on the insulator.

Then you need to enter the main parameters, through which the calculation is carried out:

• The outer diameter of the pipe.
• Preferred insulating component.
• The time during which water crystallizes in an inert state.
• The temperature index of the surface to be insulated.
• The value of the coolant temperature.
• The type of coating used (metal or non-metal).

After entering all the data, the result of the calculations appears, which can be taken as a basis in the subsequent construction and selection of materials.

Choosing the right heater

The main reason for the freezing of pipes is the low circulation rate of working fluids in them. A negative factor is the freezing process, which can lead to irreversible and catastrophic consequences. That is why thermal insulation of networks is essential.

Particular attention should be paid to this aspect in pipelines that operate periodically, whether it is water supply from a well or a country house. water heating. In order not to have to subsequently restore working systems, it is better, after all, to perform their timely thermal insulation.

Until recently, insulation work was carried out using a single technology, while fiberglass was used as a protective element. It is currently offered huge selection all kinds of heat insulators designed for a certain type of pipes, having different specifications and composition.

In view of their direction of application, it would be wrong to compare materials and say that one is better than the other. For this reason, below we will reveal the insulators that exist today.

According to the component representation option:

• sheet;
• roll;
• pouring
• casing;
• combined.

By area of ​​use:

• for water and sewerage;
• for steam, heating, hot and cold water supply networks;
• for pipelines of ventilation and freezing units.

Any thermal insulation is characterized by resistance to fire and its thermal conductivity.

• Shell. Its advantage is ease of installation, optimal performance and high quality workmanship. Differs in low heat conductivity, fire resistance, the minimum level of moisture absorption. Suitable for protection heating networks and water supply systems.

• Mineral wool. It is usually supplied in rolls and is used to process pipes whose coolant has a very high temperature. This option is advisable only for small areas of processing, since mineral wool is a rather expensive material. Its laying is carried out by winding communications with fixation in a given position with a wire made of of stainless steel or twine. Additionally, it is recommended to perform waterproofing, since cotton wool easily absorbs moisture.

• Styrofoam. The design of this type of thermal insulation is more like two halves, or a shell, through which the pipeline is insulated. The option can be safely called high-quality and convenient in terms of installation. Due to minimal moisture absorption and low thermal conductivity, high fire resistance, minimum thickness, expanded polystyrene is excellent for protecting heating networks and water supply.

• Penoizol. Thermal insulation has similar parameters with polystyrene foam, although with a significant difference in installation. Application is carried out with a suitable sprayer, since the material has liquid state. After complete drying, the entire treated surface of the pipe acquires a dense and durable hermetic structure, which reliably maintains the temperature of the coolant. A significant advantage is the absence of the need to use additional fasteners to fix the material. The downside is, perhaps, its high cost.

• Penofol with a foil base. An innovative product that is becoming more and more popular every day. It consists of polyethylene foam and aluminum foil. The two-layer design allows both to keep the temperature of the networks and to heat the space, since the foil is able to reflect and accumulate heat. We especially pay attention to the low ability to burn, high environmental data, the ability to withstand high humidity and significant temperature changes.

• Foamed polyethylene. Thermal insulation of this type is very common, and it is often found on water mains. A special feature is the ease of installation, for which it is enough to cut right size material and wrap it around the technological line, with fixation with adhesive tape. Often foamed polyethylene is supplied in the form of a wrap for a pipe of a certain diameter with a technological cut, which are put on desired area systems.

It is important to know that when insulating pipelines, all heaters, except for penoizol, require the additional use of waterproofing and adhesive tape for fixation.

From the foregoing, it can be seen that there are a lot of options for processing pipes, and the choice is very large. Experts advise paying attention to the conditions in which each material will be used, its characteristics and installation method. Naturally, a competent thermal insulation calculation also plays an important role, which will allow you to be confident in the work performed.

Video #1. Thermal insulation of pipes. Mounting example

Ways of thermal insulation of pipelines

SNiP specifications and many professionals recommend following the following trunk line protection options:

1. Air insulation. Usually, communication systems passing in the ground are protected by thermal insulation of a certain thickness. However, the factor that freezing of the earth comes from top point to the bottom, while the heat flow from the pipes tends to the top. Since the pipeline is protected on all sides by a component of minimum thickness, the rising heat is also insulated. It is more rational in this case to install a heater over top lines, so that a thermal layer is formed.
2. Use of insulation and heating element. Great as an alternative to traditional options. In this case, the moment is taken into account that the protection of the lines is seasonal, and it is not rational to lay them in the ground for financial reasons, as well as to use a large thickness of the insulator. According to the rules of SNiP and manufacturers' instructions, the cable can be located both inside the pipes and outside them.
3. Laying a pipe in a pipe. Here, in polypropylene pipes additionally installed separate pipes. A feature of the method is that it is realistic to warm up the systems almost always, including using the principle of suction of warm air masses. In addition, if necessary, an emergency hose can be easily laid in the existing gap.

Conclusion

Summing up all of the above, we can say that there are a lot of important points and nuances for processing and protecting the pipeline. In any situation, it is always better to start by calculating the required insulation, choosing its type, thickness and cost. Not the last role is played by the option of its installation, since the most problematic conditions will require additional significant cash injections into the construction of the necessary systems.

External heating networks, or, as they are also called air or above-ground, are laid in cases where it is necessary to temporarily build a heating main (baybas) or in those places where it is impossible to lay a heating network underground. For example, in earthquake-prone areas. Such heating network are easy to use, quickly built and differ from other types of heating networks in their low cost.

Thermal insulation of external pipelines. Thermal insulation materials.

They are used as materials for insulation of external heating mains.

1. Thermal insulation of pipes with mineral wool.

Advantages:

- mineral wool is practically not hygroscopic - with properly organized ventilation, in case of getting wet, it immediately gives off excess moisture;
- ensures the stability of their physico- chemical properties throughout the entire period of operation;
- has enough long term services

Disadvantages:

- loses its performance properties when wet;
- has weak strength and is inferior in this characteristic to other heat-insulating materials.

2. Thermal insulation of pipes with PPU spraying, the use of PPU shells.
Advantages:

- the ability to create continuous insulation, without joints;
- is sufficiently elastic material;
- provides the possibility of quick installation;
- is a biologically neutral material, not subject to decay, resistant to microorganisms and mold;
- provides stable heat-insulating qualities in a wide range of temperatures.

Disadvantages:

- is a fairly combustible material and releases highly toxic substances into the surrounding space during combustion;
- spraying requires special equipment;
- does not "breathe".

AT last years the method of thermal insulation of pipes with PPU shells has become widespread, but they also need additional protection.

3. Thermal insulation of pipes with foam concrete.

Advantages:

- high thermal insulation qualities, not inferior to PPU insulation;
- solidity, which ensures good corrosion protection due to the lack of cold bridges and the impossibility of plundering the material;
- high manufacturability, which provides the possibility of laying a heating main in any area;
- high adhesive properties.

Disadvantages:

- restrictions on the thickness of the insulation;
- the need to protect the dried surface with a protective layer.


4. Reinforced concrete (reinforced concrete).

Advantages:

- effective thermal insulation is provided;
- there is no possibility of theft.

Disadvantages:

- high price;
- the complexity of the installation work;
- relatively high brittleness of the material.

It's obvious that each type of thermal insulation layer must be protected. If this is not done, then over time, under the influence of adverse external factors will be violated. Practice shows that uninsulated heat-shielding layers quickly fall apart, crumble, rot, and it is necessary to carry out work to replace them. That is why, today, external protective insulation of pipes is actively used.

Waterproofing of the thermal insulation layer. Overview of basic materials.

We have to admit that almost all types of such insulation have big drawbacks:

- fiberglassb- extremely short lived, after 1 year, the heating main, insulated with fiberglass, is literally unrecognizable. The fabric turns into tatters, not to mention the complete lack of waterproofing and protection from precipitation;

- ruberoid- more durable than fiberglass, but excessively flammable, often entire heating mains burn out;

- galvanized- excellent material, durable and non-flammable, but its steal very fast. If the heat pipe passes outside the city limits or near holiday villages, then, as a rule, galvanized sheets disappear the next morning after they are installed.

According to most leaders heat supply organizations, they have to restore hundreds of meters of heating mains, which, ultimately, affects both the quality of the provided utilities, and on the costs associated with the operation of heating networks, which exceed all conceivable limits.

However, there is a way out. Protection of the thermal insulation layer of external heating mains can be done with heat shrink. She is not flammable, has an attractive appearance, does not lose its protective properties exposed to low or high temperatures. In this case, the heating main will be as efficient and durable as possible.

Insulation of heating pipelines is an important aspect in the creation of energy-saving technologies, and this issue is acute today.

On the this moment a large number of insulating materials and methods for their optimal use in various industrial sectors have been developed.

But, it is necessary to rationally use energy not only in industry, but also in everyday life. Insulation of heating lines is not only desirable, but also turns into a vital necessity.

In general, the process of thermal insulation is aimed not only at maintaining the temperature regime at a stable level, but also at protecting the heat carrier from freezing during the cold period.

Thermal insulation materials are of the following types:

• piece;
• in rolls;
• combined;
• for filling;
• casing.

Depending on the technical characteristics and insulation parameters, these materials are used in the following networks:

• ventilation;
• supply of cold and hot water;
• technical equipment;
• steam heating.

The choice of protective material must be approached with great responsibility, because it is a guarantee of warmth and comfort in people's homes.

The types of the most effective insulating material are as follows:

1. Thermal insulation paint. It is attributed to the achievements of Russian science. One layer of this coating can be a replacement for several centimeters of polystyrene foam and mineral wool. However, this material is not harmful. environment and resistant to high temperatures. This type of pipeline insulation is used in difficult conditions production.
2. . This material is characterized by low heat conductivity and fire resistance. For these reasons, it has found extensive use in the protection of heating systems. But, this type of protection refers to expensive building materials.
3. Insulation with polyurethane foam. They began to use it for thermal insulation recently, but they have already managed to evaluate its practicality.
4. Styrofoam. This is practically the same pinoplast. This option is distinguished by affordable cost and simple fasteners.
5. . It is a shell resembling a pipe in shape.

Choice of insulating material

When choosing a heater for heating installed on the street, opt for those samples that are not afraid of moisture. The heater that is selected must have:

• minimum thermal conductivity;
• do not react to acids, alkalis and other chemically active components;
• resistance to oxidation and corrosion;
• long service life;
• fire resistance;
• safety for human life;
• ease of installation process.

Why is outdoor insulation needed?

The answer to this question is simple. It is rather not about insulation, but about the thermal insulation of heating systems on the street. The overall efficiency of all heating will depend on the quality of the insulation.

The main thing is not what materials the insulation was carried out, but how well the installation was done!

Insulation will help smooth out the shortcomings during installation or some of the disadvantages of the physical and chemical properties of the insulation from which the heating itself is made.

Thermal insulation should close the entire pipeline from negative natural phenomena and mechanical damage. The insulation will protect pipes located in the open air from premature destruction and negative impact ultraviolet rays.

Polymer samples are resistant to corrosion, but they require good frost protection, as they are prone to freezing, mechanical damage and abrasion, while metal samples, which are more rigid and reliable at first glance, quickly oxidize and become unusable.

Another disadvantage of metal is its high thermal conductivity, which is not very good for heating systems. Proper warmth and waterproofing (insulation) will eliminate the above disadvantages without wasting heat.

Everyone chooses the choice of insulation according to their own parameters, based on personal preferences and wishes.

Examples of thermal insulation materials

The process of high-quality thermal insulation or heating insulation is carried out by many companies. Although this process is now established for high level, the majority of people prefer to carry out thermal insulation on their own.

Naturally, to carry out this type of work, you will need to stock up on some knowledge in order to properly carry out the procedure without the involvement of professionals.

Foamed insulation. Today, this is often preferred inexpensive material like expanded polyethylene foam. It is sold in rolls and is worn directly on the pipe as a cover, keeping it as warm as possible even outdoors.

At the same time, foamed polyethylene foam is resistant to high temperatures, is environmentally friendly and easy to install right on the street. The main thing, after the cover is dressed, do not forget to glue its ends together.

. It can be of two types:

• basalt wool - works with temperature regime up to 650˚С and at the same time does not emit toxic substances. The material is made from rock with the maximum composition of basalt.
• fiberglass wool - made from quartz sand and glass. Works well at temperatures up to 180˚С.

The following types of thermal insulation are used in parallel with waterproofing:

• in the process of insulation with mineral wool, aluminum foil is wound over the base layer, which is fastened with a metal wire;
• for engineering structures, foam molds can be made that allow you to insulate the pipeline on your own.

Due to the fact that the foam is not 100% water repellent, it is not the most the best option for outdoor heating.

Manufacturers produce this insulation in rolls and packs in the form of mats. It does not melt or deform under the influence of high temperatures, therefore it is often used for thermal insulation of heating systems.

The disadvantage of mineral wool is that it absorbs water and loses its thermal insulation properties. Therefore, warming big system this material is not economically profitable, since with it you will have to purchase protective equipment from moisture penetration.

Innovative insulation - penofol

Today, penofol is increasingly used for thermal insulation of highways on the street. This insulation is made of polyethylene foam covered on one side with aluminum foil for protection and maximum thermal insulation.

The material is sold in rolls and. Penofol is flexible and during installation it fits snugly, well covering the places of sharp turns and bends.

His high thermal insulation properties and a low price make foam insulation the most commonly used method when working with large heating systems.

This is the most optimal choice for those who wish to do their own work on the insulation on the plot.

Today, the construction market has a huge number of thermal insulation materials, the use of which does not require special tools and skills.

Description and technical characteristics of polyurethane foam

Insulation with polyurethane foam is suitable for both metal and plastic heating systems located outdoors.

This material is suitable for outdoor insulation of pipes of various diameters and is also called "shell". The material is also coated on one side with aluminum foil to reduce the overall thermal conductivity of the coating.

However, it is worth noting that, compared with other types, insulation with polyurethane foam occurs by winding pipes not even in three layers, but at least five, and preferably eight.

Although it looks aesthetically pleasing, which is naturally important for heating systems that are located in the open air, such an expense is not justified.

You will have to wrap at least five layers to achieve the desired result, and this will lead to additional expenses.

Another disadvantage of polyurethane foam– minimal protection against frost and heat loss.

Everyone has the right to choose a suitable, in his opinion, insulation, the main thing is not to save money and take the issue seriously so that the heat reaches the recipient, and does not go to heat the air outside.

Note that properly selected outdoor pipe insulation can significantly extend the life of the pipe. heating system and its efficiency!

Thickness of thermal insulation of heating systems

The thickness of the insulation of heating pipelines is determined by calculation, which is based on the requirements of regulatory documentation.

It is not easy to make these calculations. To get the right result, you need to be patient and attentive. The most common method is the heat loss calculation.

At the same time, the SNIP rules indicate that the insulation of all heating pipelines must be calculated so that heat losses do not exceed the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in the SNIP.

In addition to SNIP, the insulation thickness is regulated by the Code of Rules, and it provides more a simple technique. These are the simplifications:

1. the heat loss during heating of the pipeline walls by the flowing medium is not as large as in the outer protection layer; for these reasons, they can be ignored.
2. most structures are made of steel, and its resistance to heat conduction is small, so the resistance of the walls of a metal structure can also be ignored.

The thickness of the insulation of a single-layer structure is calculated using complex formulas, they can be easily found on the Internet. At the same time, SNIP standards offer different formulas for determining the calculation for round pipes and for flat surfaces.

The thickness of the insulation in several layers is calculated by formulas, and this is done for each layer separately.

When calculating the thickness of the insulation, it must be borne in mind that SNIP establishes the exact values ​​\u200b\u200bof heat losses for pipelines of different volumes, and for various ways their pads.

All these calculations are difficult to carry out, and in order to save time, many use a personal computer and a special software. At the same time, the desired result is quickly and successfully obtained. We offer to download free program for windows.

Protecting outdoor systems

Insulation of external heating pipelines is necessary so that the heat carrier retains heat for as long as possible. It is especially relevant for outdoor heating lines.

It takes a large amount of heat to warm up the water, and if you do not insulate the external systems, then a significant part of it will simply be wasted on the way to the destination.

Pipeline insulation in buildings

Insulation of existing heating pipelines in the room does not lose its relevance. It is clear that in those areas where the pipeline must give its thermal energy, it is not necessary to isolate it.

But, the areas in the room where the pipes pass, for example, in the wall, need to be insulated. Otherwise, the heat will go to heat the wall.

Such protection in the room is not used very often, and it should be noted that without it the quality of heating suffers.

For a system located in the floor, it is necessary to use protective materials with high density. For example, any type of foam insulation will be effective indoors. They are great for insulation, and for ease of use, it is better to take tubular options.

These are soft and flexible tubes equipped with a longitudinal slit. They are easy to put on and are fixed with a special clip. If the installation of such a heater in the room is done correctly, then it will last a very long time.

Thermal protection on the street

Insulation of heating pipelines on the street requires a special approach. First of all, in such work it is necessary to calculate possible impact moisture. Outside, it's snowing or raining. Also, when laying thermal insulation on the street, it is necessary to provide a waterproof layer.

The generally accepted options for thermal protection of the heat supply network on the street are as follows:

• Winding, which is made up of silk threads.
• Ruberoid.
• Winding from corrosion-resistant wire.

Outdoor protection options must meet the following requirements:

• Slight thermal conductivity.
• Moisture resistant. Moisture should not accumulate in the protection, this is especially important for the highway running in the ground.
• Resistant to aggressive environments. It should not collapse from the influence of low temperature and wind.
• Long time use.
• Simple padding.

Warming rules

The rules for insulating heating pipelines are quite numerous, here are some important points from them:

1. First of all, it is necessary to study the rules and norms of SNIP.
2. Insulation materials should be purchased from official suppliers. They manufacture products, observing all the rules and requirements of standards.
3. It is necessary to carry out thermal protection of pipelines in order to concentrate thermal energy in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bradiators. If you ignore the rules of pipeline insulation central heating, then the heat will be directed to the walls and window openings.
4. Designers who are engaged in the arrangement of premises can ennoble the appearance of thermal insulation. But, to perform such work, you also need to follow your own rules. For example, when sewing with drywall, we must not forget about the holes for accessing the fittings.
5. Some heaters for the heating pipeline just need to be sawn. But some will need additional material for protection.

Requirements for the choice of thermal insulation of heating

When looking for thermal insulation for a heat network located in the open air, in addition to the above nuances, the following requirements must be followed:

1. An indicator of the thermal conductivity of a material.
2. Ability to withstand the environment.
3. Temperature range for work.
4. The duration of the period of use.
5. Ease of material installation.

Video: outdoor pipe insulation

Thermal insulation in the basement

Having completed the construction of the house, its owner must find out how to insulate pipes for the heating network.

After all, the decision in this situation is directly dependent on the type of premises where they pass. Therefore, thermal insulation for heating pipes in the basement should also be carried out after studying the options intended for such actions.

Video: thermal insulation in the basement

If there is increased ventilation in the attic, then high humidity this space does not exist.

The basement is completely different. For the preparation of the heating system, this place is called the most critical.

Despite the fact that the highway passes below the freezing point of the soil, this does not exempt from such an event.

And from the place where the heating system enters basement to the locations of plumbing, it still needs to be thermally insulated.

ADVICE! Regardless of the type of product chosen to protect pipelines passing in the ground, they are additionally covered with a layer of waterproofing.

A lot of time to solve the issue of how to insulate pipes in this room does not go away. Experts are convinced that from the perspective of the best ratio of quality and cost, the most a good choice- It's polystyrene.

This product is produced for products of different volumes, and each inhabitant can independently cope with the installation.

The use of mineral wool involves the completion of work in two stages:

1. First stage. This is a dense winding of the workpiece with a cloth and fasteners with a cord.
2. Second phase. A protective waterproofing is formed from the roofing material. Pre-cut, it is superimposed on mineral wool. All this is fixed with a nylon cord.

When doing work in the basement, one must not forget that correct selection structures and correctly made laying become the key to a long service life and effective operation of the heating network.

Features of the heating pipeline passing underground

Thermal insulation for pipes in the ground is indispensable in the cold winter. Without a good insulation, the heat energy of the heat carrier will simply be spent on warming up the air, soil, and more. Accordingly, the efficiency of the network in such conditions decreases.

In order for a heating system located in the ground, to reduce heat losses, the following is necessary.

According to the norms of SNiP, the material for heating pipes that are laid in the ground must be characterized by a density of almost 400 kg / m3.

Additionally, these documents indicate that the structures for insulation should not contain flammable compounds.

So far, only mineral and glass wool have been used to insulate pipes in the ground. It can be found in thermal networks even now, but this option has some drawbacks.

They become the reason for the adoption of other heaters with the best performance. A significant disadvantage in this case, high hygroscopicity becomes, which leads to a decrease in the protection of workpieces in the ground.

Also, mineral wool, after prolonged use, suffers violations of its structural integrity, and this reduces its ability to retain heat.

IMPORTANT! A significant advantage of glass wool is its ability to work at high temperatures. This also includes excellent tolerance to chemical influences, excellent refractory properties and low price.

The latest technologies have brought insulation based on expanded polystyrene, foamed rubber with the addition of refractory additions.

They are hygroscopic, but ease of installation and low cost have led to the fact that they are laid most often.

Foamed polyethylene, which is currently very popular with consumers, deserves special attention.

Dignity this product call it environmental safety. big row positive characteristics put it on the leading position in the ranking of the best products.

A little less often, the thermal insulation of pipes in the ground is carried out with synthetic rubber. This material also has a large number of positive qualities, but it has a higher price.

Heating pipes and insulation in the apartment

Many people mistakenly believe that thermal insulation of the heating system in the apartment is not needed. This is explained by the fact that the outgoing heat remains in the same room.

In reality, everything happens in such a way that the main source of heat in the apartment is radiators, but not the pipes that supply the coolant.

This problem is especially acute in a situation where the pipeline is hidden in the walls or in the floor, or is covered with a plasterboard building.

Such channels heat not only the apartment, but also the walls. Therefore, heat is lost when going outside. Similarly, everything happens with concrete screed. The heat just goes into the ground.

From the above, the conclusion suggests itself that the system running in the apartment needs thermal insulation.

To date, most often plastic is taken for wiring the heating system. It does not conduct heat well, but, nevertheless, they do not fall to a minimum.

When producing this insulation in an apartment, the foamed polyethylene foam is cut lengthwise. So it fits comfortably on ecoplastic.

Each stick of such a product contains a drawn line along which an incision is made. After attachment to the workpiece, this thermal insulation takes its former shape.

In order for the laying to turn out to be dense and not contain gaps, the cut must be made with particular accuracy.

IMPORTANT! The topic of warming the heating system in the apartment is raised regularly. But, during discussions, regional features are not always remembered. If in some southern regions one can afford to do without the insulation of the heating system, which is hidden in the wall, then in any northern region such actions are tantamount to sabotage.

Thermal insulation in the apartment without loss, thanks to modern materials can be done without much difficulty.

Video: Stenoflex 400 insulation

And, speaking of such measures, one cannot help but recall liquid thermal insulation, which is an alternative to other methods. This composition is characterized by a particularly stable heat transfer.

This paint is applied in a thin layer on the pipe. One such layer replaces polyurethane or polyethylene protection up to 5 cm thick.

How much protection is needed for the heating line

There is a certain amount of people who question this question. They ask: “Why lay thermal protection on an already warm heating network?”.

It must be understood that thermal protection not only increases the efficiency of heating by retaining heat. It also prevents Negative influence external environment on the pipeline, does not allow structures to overheat or form condensate.

To what has been said, it must be added that effective thermal protection is important point financial savings, and quite on a large scale.

IMPORTANT! Thermal protection most High Quality may become ineffective if unprofessional installation steps are carried out by the craftsmen.

Choose desired material not difficult. The construction market offers a lot of options for these purposes, and they all differ. affordable price and good quality.