How is heating in multi-storey buildings. However, it is worth noting some disadvantages

Most heating systems multi-storey buildings in our country, as a rule, they are connected to a thermal power plant or a central boiler house, that is, they are centralized. Depending on how the water circuits are installed in apartment building, it can be both single-pipe and two-pipe.

Let us consider in more detail what heating systems exist for multi-storey buildings, and what are their advantages and disadvantages.

Centralized heating systems

First of all, it is worth mentioning the local or autonomous system heating. The advantage of this system is that it functions from a boiler house located inside the apartment building itself, or next to it. This allows you to independently regulate the temperature of the coolant.

The disadvantages of autonomy include its high price, because of which it is extremely rarely used in multi-storey buildings (mostly, owners of private houses choose such a system).

Much more often, they build a thermal power plant or arrange one powerful boiler house to heat an entire residential area. In this case, the coolant main pipes comes from the center to heat points and from there to apartments. This principle of supply is called independent, since it allows you to additionally regulate the supply of coolant using circulation pumps.

In a residential apartment building, the coolant is supplied to the apartment radiators directly from the CHP or boiler house. However, there is no significant difference between these two systems, since the heat points perform a function here comparable to that performed by additional circulation pumps in an autonomous heating system, and they do not affect the temperature of the coolant itself.

Also, the heating systems of an apartment building are divided into closed and open (you can find options for schemes on the Internet).

AT closed system the coolant from the CHP or boiler room enters the distribution point, from where it is separately supplied to hot water supply and to.

In an open system, such distribution is not provided, that is, it does not allow providing residents of the house hot water outside the heating season.

Connection types

As mentioned above, according to the type of connection, the systems of an apartment building are single-pipe and two-pipe.

An apartment building has a huge number of shortcomings, the most significant of which is considered to be a large heat loss along the route. In such a heating system of an apartment building, the scheme of which is simple, the coolant is supplied from the bottom up. Getting into the apartment radiators of the lower floors, and giving off heat, the water returns to the same pipe and, being pretty cool, continues its way up. Hence the frequent complaints of residents upper floors the fact that the radiators in their apartments do not warm up well.

The two-pipe heating system in the apartment (the diagram can be viewed on the Internet) is most widely used in construction. Basic distinctive feature such a system is the presence of two highways: supply and return.

Through one pipe (supply), the coolant is transported from the heating boiler to the heating devices. The second line (return) is necessary to withdraw the already chilled water and return it back to the boiler room.

The main advantage of the two-pipe heating system of an apartment building is that the coolant is supplied to all heaters evenly with the same temperature, regardless of whether the apartment is located on the ground floor or on the sixteenth.

It is also important that the presence of two pipes greatly simplifies the process of flushing the heating systems of an apartment building.

There are two ways to arrange pipes combined into a single heating network: horizontal and vertical.

A horizontal heating network, implying a constant circulation of the coolant, is usually mounted in low-rise buildings that are long (for example, in production shops or in warehouses), as well as in panel-frame houses.

The vertical two-pipe heating system of an apartment building is used in multi-storey buildings, where each floor is connected separately. An indisputable advantage Such a network is that air jams practically do not form in it.

Two-pipe heating network and types of wiring

Both pipe layouts (both vertical and horizontal) allow the use of two types of wiring - lower and upper. At the same time, in the heating systems of multi-storey buildings, where the pipes are located in a vertical pattern, the lower wiring is usually used.

What is the difference between the lower wiring and the upper one?

When installing the lower wiring, the supply line is laid in ground floor or basement, and the return line (the so-called "return") - even lower.

To remove excess air when using the bottom wiring, an upper air line is required. For uniform distribution of the heat carrier throughout the system, it is recommended to place the boiler as low as possible relative to the heating radiators.

The upper wiring is most often done in the attic, which must be well insulated. With this method of wiring, at the highest point of the heating system, expansion tank. The main advantage top wiring is a high pressure in the supply lines.

Central heating provides heating of apartments in high-rise buildings in the winter season. However, what to do if the price of the services provided by public utilities does not match their quality? Many apartment owners decide to disconnect from central heating and switch to autonomous. It is realistic to do this, but at the same time it is quite difficult, because in addition to technical problems, you will also encounter bureaucratic factors.

This article discusses central heating in apartment building. We will study the design of such systems, temperature conditions, and also give recommendations on turning off the system and switching to individual heating.

The device of the central heating system

The central water heating of any apartment building consists of the following elements (listed in order of approach to the internal contour of the building):

Inside the house itself there are spills - pipes through which the coolant enters the vertical risers. A typical Soviet heating scheme for a five-story building assumes the presence of lower spills located in the basement of the building. From the spills, risers diverge, which are interconnected in the upper part of the house or in the attic.

The connection of the risers in the attic is fraught with freezing of the coolant when the circulation of water is stopped in winter, in order to avoid which the pipes must be carefully insulated. Also, air vents are installed in the upper part of the circuit (the usual Mayevsky crane is most often used) to discharge excess air.

In nine-story buildings, the spill, on the contrary, is mounted in the attic of the house. In contrast to the lower spill, which has a number of problems when starting heating due to the airing of the risers, the top spill almost instantly distributes water to the risers.

1.1 In-house heating devices and temperature conditions

The type of heating devices used - batteries, depends on the year of construction of the building. So, in apartments built in the times of the USSR, there are two types of radiators:

• sectional cast iron batteries, they are distinguished by their large weight and effective heat dissipation, which can reach 150 W per radiator, the disadvantages are unaesthetic appearance, high risk of leaks;
• steel convectors, which are a metal case, inside which there are coils of the DU-20 pipe, connected by transverse plates (used in the 80-90s).

Installation of central heating systems involves the use of a different number of radiators on different floors of the house. So, during the upper spill, the coolant circulating through the floors loses its temperature and reaches the batteries on the first floor when it is very cold. In order for the heat supply to have sufficient efficiency, heat loss must be compensated, which is done by increasing the number of sections or the size of the radiators.

To date, water heating systems are equipped using bimetallic radiators. Such structures are made of aluminum, they are quite expensive, but at the same time they are characterized by maximum heat transfer - up to 200 W per battery.

The current provisions of SNiP determine the norms for the air temperature in the apartment, which should be provided by central heating:

• bedrooms and living rooms- 20 0 С;
• corner rooms - 22 0 C;
• kitchen - 18 0 С;
• bathroom - 25 0 С.

Also normalized Maximum temperature water in the pipes, which should not be higher than 95 degrees. Separate norms are put forward for heating kindergartens - 37 0 C, which is the reason for a significant increase in the size and number of radiators in preschool institutions.

1.2 Alteration of central heating in the apartment (video)

2 Is it possible to refuse central heating?

Refusal of central heating is possible, but it will take a lot of effort to get the right to turn it off and cut it off. So, the necessary document for this “Decision to disconnect from the central heating system” from utilities will most likely have to be beaten out through the courts.

Turning off the central heating and replacing it with individual heating is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. The housing and communal services authorities specify the presence technical feasibility disconnecting the apartment from the central heating. This is where it will appear most of bureaucratic friction, as communal services are extremely reluctant to part with their payers.
2. Specialists develop an individual heating project, which is certified by the communal services and signed by the fire supervision services. The project must contain a complete package of documents - from the piping layout and gas consumption, to technical documentation to the boiler.
3. If the used heat exchanger (boiler) is connected to the pipeline that leads the combustion products to the facade of the building, you need to obtain additional permission from SanEpidemNadzor.
4. Installation and connection of individual water heating by licensed installation organization. The first start-up of the system is carried out under the supervision of a representative of the gas services.
5. The heat exchanger is put on regular service.

Note that unauthorized disconnection from the central heating is illegal and threatens with a serious fine and the forced return of broken communications to their original state.

Replacing the type of heating in an apartment is somewhat different from installing water heating in a private house, consider the main nuances of this process:

• due to the impossibility of providing natural circulation coolant according to closed circuit by other means, the apartment will need to use a circulation pump or install a wall-mounted heat exchanger located above the level of the radiators;
• the boiler to be installed must have closed cell combustion and be equipped with all necessary security systems;
• the maximum water temperature in the system is 95 degrees, the maximum pressure is 1 MPa;
• the wiring must be chosen depending on the size and layout of the apartment, the most affordable option in the arrangement is single-pipe wiring with a parallel tie-in of radiators (Leningradka).

In buildings with an upper spill, the jumpers between the risers cannot be cut out, since structurally they must pass through the apartment on the top floor. The only way is to negotiate with the neighbors below and move the jumpers to their apartment, but the likelihood that someone will agree to this is quite low. On the middle and lower floors, things are easier - just cut off the heaters and pipes through which they are connected to the riser.

Keep in mind that even having installed individual heating, you will be required to provide the housing and communal services repair team with access to the riser passing in your apartment, if necessary.

Initially, the houses of Khrushchev's projects were conceived as temporary, to solve the housing problem. However, to this day, they occupy a fair share of the fund. The main problem of living is the scheme of the Khrushchev heating system and its device. Given the natural wear and tear, it often does not fully perform its functions.

Khrushchev centralized heating scheme

The houses of this project are characterized by a single-pipe scheme, when the distribution of the coolant starts from the upper (5th) floor and ends with the entry of cooled water into the basement. Such heating systems in Khrushchev have one significant drawback - the uneven distribution of heat throughout the apartments.

This is due to the successive passage of the coolant through the floors, i.e. the highest degree of its heating will be on the 5th, 4th, and on the 1st the amount of heat is not enough to heat the room. In addition, the heating scheme of the five-story Khrushchev has the following disadvantages:

• Poor condition of heating elements. Lime deposits on inner surface pipes and batteries lead to a decrease in diameter, and as a result, a decrease in heat transfer;
• No battery temperature control system. It is impossible to reduce the flow of coolant with devices, as this will affect the hydraulic pressure in the entire system. The way out is to install a bypass for each radiator.

To solve these problems, it is necessary to carry out modernization - to install modern radiators and pipes. Metal heating devices and pipelines made of polymers have proven themselves best. They have increased heat transfer rates, which contributes to the fastest heating of rooms. However, to truly create effective system heating in Khrushchev must be replaced on all floors. If old pipes and radiators are left on the upper ones, then the rate of passage of water in the system will be unsatisfactory as before.

The implementation of such modernization can be carried out not only by the residents, but also by attracting the resources of the housing office. This organization is obliged to carry out planned replacement of pipelines. They also know how the heating system in Khrushchev is arranged - the scheme and location of pipelines for a particular house.

Auxiliary heating in Khrushchev

What to do if, even after the improvement and replacement of elements, the temperature in the apartment is far from ideal. The best option is autonomous heating in Khrushchev. However, this is not always possible - gas boiler is not permitted due to low pressure in the line or due to inadequate flue ducts.

Then start developing alternative ways increase in room temperature. Negative moment is that the heating scheme of a five-story Khrushchev house does not provide for connection additional radiators. This can lead to a decrease in pressure in the pipes and a significant loss of heat for residents living below. To avoid unpleasant moments you can perform a number of actions that contribute to energy saving in the apartment.

Insulation of the outer walls of Khrushchev

It is recommended to install a heat-insulating layer on the outer walls. It will help reduce heat loss and will not affect Current state heating systems in Khrushchev. It is also necessary to replace the old wooden windows on new ones made of PVC or glued beams. Special attention should pay attention to the thickness of the double-glazed windows. For effective thermal insulation, this parameter must be at least 28 mm.

Warm floor in Khrushchev

This is one of the best mechanisms for raising the temperature in an apartment. It can be installed not only in the bathroom and kitchen, but also in living quarters. It is best to choose infrared floor heating models, since their installation requires a minimum increase in thickness. floor covering. The Khrushchev heating scheme is not designed to connect a water heated floor. Its installation can lead to improper operation of the entire heating circuit of the house.

Apartment heaters

They can solve the problem with the rate of air heating in the apartment and do not affect the operation of the main heating system of apartments in Khrushchev. Along with traditional oil and converter-type electric heaters, infrared models have become very popular. They increase the temperature not of the air, but of objects, heating their surface. However, the disadvantage of such devices is the increase in financial costs for electricity.

Before connecting the heaters, it is necessary to check the wiring. Often the cross section of the wire is not designed for large loads. The heating scheme for a five-story Khrushchev building is designed only for a water coolant.
Therefore, it is first recommended to replace it, only after that install powerful electrical appliances.

Autonomous heating systems in Khrushchev: choosing a boiler and proper piping

Contrary to popular belief, you can make individual heating in Khrushchev. To do this, it is necessary to select a boiler that meets the standards and provide management company developed project. Pre-she gives specifications, on the basis of which an autonomous heating system in Khrushchev houses is compiled.

What should be taken into account when solving this problem? Consider the main components autonomous heating in Khrushchev - a boiler, a piping system and radiators.

Heating boiler for Khrushchev

Average area two-room apartment in Khrushchev does not exceed 60 m2. That's why optimal power gas boiler should be 7-8 kW. The next condition is the type of burner - it must be closed. Since the installation of the heating system in Khrushchev according to the scheme does not provide for the installation of a boiler, normal air exchange should be ensured for its operation. This is necessary for air intake from the street using coaxial chimney. In some cases, it is possible to install carbon monoxide exhaust systems into the air ducts of the building. But before that, you need to get the approval of the fire department. Often this is precisely the obstacle to the installation of individual heating in Khrushchev.

Heating pipes and radiators

For laying the highway, it is best to use reinforced pipes from polypropylene. They are characterized simple installation, affordable cost. Their advantages include the possibility hidden installation. It can only be performed in the floor, since strobing bearing walls forbidden. The scheme of the heating system in Khrushchev is arranged in such a way that the place of installation of radiators is most often located under the windows. When designing an autonomous heating system, it is possible to provide for the installation of additional batteries. Most often they are installed in the bathroom.

Khrushchev heating project and schemes

When developing a Khrushchev heating scheme, all the nuances must be foreseen. In particular, the provision of hot water. So it's best to buy double-circuit boilers heating.

The requirements for the scheme are no different from the standard ones.

• Conformity temperature regime and pressure performance characteristics pipes, radiators;
• Connection to a water supply system for feeding heating;
• Installation expansion tank and a circulation pump.

In this case, it is possible to install a water heated floor. For this, the Khrushchev heating scheme provides for the installation of a collector. It will distribute the heat carrier through the floor heating pipelines, the built-in system for mixing hot and cold water flows (two-way valve) will automatically adjust the temperature.

To minimize the increase in floor thickness, it is recommended to use decorative coating designed for installation directly on water heating pipes. The package must be labeled accordingly.

In addition to the modernization of the autonomous heating installation, a number of actions can be taken, the result of which will lead to a decrease in current operating costs and payment for housing and communal services. Given the specific scheme of the heating system in Khrushchev, the installation of heat meters in the apartment is impractical. This is due to the lack of a central riser, i.e. even for one-room apartment you will have to put at least three counters - in the bathroom, in the kitchen and in the living room.

The total cost of installing one device can range from 25 to 30 thousand rubles. The way out of this situation is to install a common house meter. It will take into account the amount of heat energy consumed for the entire building. Good centralized scheme, characteristic of all types of Khrushchev heating, allows you to do this. As additional function a mode for adjusting the supply of coolant depending on the temperature outside can be provided.

For central scheme heating a five-story Khrushchev building, you can install a balancing riser. It will perform the functions of evenly distributing the coolant over all floors of the house. However, which project is carried out only in agreement with the housing office, since it belongs to the category of changing the principle of supplying hot water.

AT Russian Federation for the most part, the heating systems of multi-storey buildings are centralized, that is, they operate from a thermal power plant or a central boiler house. But the water circuits themselves are mounted differently, that is, they can be made both single-pipe and two-pipe.

For passive users, this does not matter, but in the case of a major overhaul of an apartment with your own hands, you will have to learn how to understand these nuances.

Centralized heating systems

First, let's pay attention to the local or autonomous heating system, used mostly in the private sector and in rare cases (as an exception) in multi-storey buildings. In such cases, the boiler house is located directly in the building itself or near it, which allows for correct adjustment of the coolant temperature.

But the price of autonomy is quite high, so it is easier to build a thermal power plant or one powerful boiler house to heat an entire residential area with it. The heat carrier from the center is supplied to heating points through the main pipes, from where it is already distributed to the apartments. Thus, it is possible to make additional adjustment of the coolant supply at the TP using circulation pumps, that is, such a supply principle is called independent.

There are also dependent systems heating, as in the photo above, this is when the coolant enters the apartment radiators directly from the CHP or boiler house, without additional distribution. But the temperature of the water does not depend on whether there are distribution points or not. Such nodes basically serve as something like an additional circulation pump in an autonomous heating system.

It is also possible to divide the systems into closed and open ones, that is, in a closed hot water supply system, the coolant from the CHP or boiler room enters the distribution point, where it is separately supplied to the radiators, and separately to the DHW (hot water supply). such distribution is not provided, and the selection for hot water supply occurs directly from the main. Therefore, in open systems outside the heating season, it is impossible to provide residents with hot water.

Connection types

It is not in your power to change the scheme of the centralized water circuit, therefore, the heating system of an apartment building can only be adjusted at the level of your apartment. Undoubtedly, there are situations when in a single building the residents completely redo the system, but here the so-called “local binding” comes into force, and the principles of heating with one or two pipes remain unchanged.

On this page you can also watch a video clip that will help you understand the topic.

Single pipe heating system

• Single pipe heating systems apartment buildings due to their economy, they have many disadvantages, and the main one is a large heat loss along the way.
  That is, the water in such a circuit is supplied from the bottom up, getting into the radiators in each apartment and giving off heat, because the water cooled in the device returns to the same pipe. The coolant reaches the final destination already pretty cool, so complaints are often heard from the residents of the upper floors.

• But sometimes such a system is simplified even more, trying to raise the temperature in, and for this they are cut directly into the pipe. It turns out that the radiator itself is a continuation of the pipe, as shown in the diagram below.

• Only the first users benefit from such a connection, and the water gets even colder into the last apartments. In addition, the ability to adjust the radiators is lost, because by reducing the flow in a single battery, you reduce the water flow throughout the pipe.
  It also turns out that during the heating season you will not be able to change the radiator without draining the water from the entire system, therefore, in such cases, jumpers are installed to turn off the device and direct water through them.
• For ideal solution there will be an arrangement of radiators in size, that is, the first batteries should be the smallest and, gradually increasing, at the end you need to connect the largest devices. Such a distribution could solve the problem of uniform heating, but, as you understand, no one will do this.
  It turns out that the savings on the installation of the heating circuit translates into problems with the distribution of heat and, as a result, into complaints from residents about the cold in the apartments.

Two-pipe heating system

• A two-pipe heating system in an apartment building can be open and closed, but it allows you to keep the coolant in the same temperature regime for radiators of any level. Take a look at the heatsink wiring diagram below and you'll see why.

• In a two-pipe heating circuit, the cooled water from the radiator is no longer returned to the same pipe, but is discharged into the return channel or into the "return". Moreover, it does not matter at all whether the radiator is connected from a riser or from a lounger - the main thing is that the temperature of the coolant remains unchanged throughout its entire route through the supply pipe.
• An important advantage in a two-pipe circuit is the fact that you can regulate each battery separately and even install thermostatic taps on it to automatically maintain the temperature. Also in such a circuit, you can use devices with side and bottom connections, use dead-end and associated movement of the coolant.

DHW in the heating system

• Hot heating systems in Russia for multi-storey buildings are mainly centralized, and water for hot water supply is heated by a heat carrier in central heating points. Hot water supply can be connected from a single-pipe or two-pipe heating circuit.
• Depending on the number of pipes in the line (one or two), in the morning you can get either warm or cold water. For example, if you have a single-pipe heating system in a 5-storey apartment building, then by opening a hot tap, during the first 20-30 seconds you will get cold water from it.

• This is explained very simply - at night there is practically no analysis of hot water, and the water in the pipe cools down. When you open the faucet, water from the central heating system is supplied to your house, that is, a breakdown appears and the cooled water is drained until hot water appears. This disadvantage also causes water overspending, because you simply drain unnecessary cold water into the sewer.
• In a two-pipe system, the circulation of water is continuous, so there are no such problems. But sometimes through DHW system they loop the riser with heated towel rails, then this results in a problem - they are hot even in summer!
• Many people have a question, why, with the end of the heating season, hot water and sometimes for a long time? The fact is that the instruction requires post-heating tests of the entire system, and this takes time, especially if you are in a damaged area. But here it is possible to characterize public utilities very positively, as they try by any means, even by changing the supply scheme, to provide citizens with hot water - after all, this is their income.
• Also in the middle of summer heating system waiting for current and major repairs, when you have to turn off certain sections. With the onset of autumn, the repaired sections are being tested and some places may not withstand, and this is again a shutdown. Do not forget that the system is still centralized!

Radiators for centralized heating system

• Many of us have become accustomed to cast iron radiators, installed since the construction of the house, and even, if the need arises, they are replaced with similar ones. For centralized systems heating, such batteries are good enough because they can withstand high pressure, so in the passport the battery has two digits, the first of which indicates the working pressure, and the second - the pressure test (test). For cast iron appliances, this is usually 6/15 or 8/15.

• But in a nine-story building, the working pressure usually reaches 6 atmospheres, so the batteries described above are quite suitable, but in a 22-story building the pressure can reach 15 atmospheres, so devices made of steel or bimetal are more appropriate here. Not suitable for district heating only aluminum radiators, since they will not withstand the operating state of the centralized circuit.

Recommendations. If you have started overhaul in the apartment and you also want to replace the radiators, then, if possible, replace the wiring pipes.
These ½ or ¾ inch pipes are probably also not in very good condition and it is better to use ecoplastic instead.
Steel and bimetallic (sectional or panel) radiators have narrower waterways than cast iron ones, so they can become clogged and lose power.
To prevent this from happening, put a regular filter on the water supply to the battery, which is installed in front of the water meter.

Conclusion

If the heating system of a multi-storey building does not live up to our expectations, then we often scold utilities or even a particular plumber, but in 99% of cases they do not deserve it. The main problems with heat arise due to the design of the water circuit and the maintenance personnel are no longer able to change anything.

Residents of city apartments are usually not interested in how the heating works in their house. The need for such knowledge may arise when the owners wish to increase comfort in the house or improve the aesthetic appearance of engineering equipment. For those who are going to start repairs, we will briefly talk about the heating systems of an apartment building.

Types of heating systems for apartment buildings

Depending on the structure, characteristics of the coolant and piping layouts, the heating of an apartment building is divided into the following types:

According to the location of the heat source

• apartment system heating, in which the gas boiler is installed in the kitchen or a separate room. Some inconveniences and investments in equipment are more than offset by the ability to turn on and regulate heating at your discretion, as well as low operating costs due to the absence of losses in heating mains. If you have your own boiler, there are practically no restrictions on the reconstruction of the system. If, for example, the owners wish to replace the batteries with warm water floors, there are no technical obstacles to this.
• Individual heating, in which its own boiler room serves one house or residential complex. Such solutions are found both in the old housing stock (stokers) and in new luxury housing, where the community of residents decides when to start heating season.
• Central heating in an apartment building is most common in typical housing.

The device of central heating of an apartment building, heat transfer from the CHP is carried out through a local heat point.

According to the characteristics of the coolant

• Water heating water is used as the heat carrier. In modern housing with apartment or individual heating there are economical low-temperature (low-potential) systems where the coolant temperature does not exceed 65 ºС. But in most cases and in all typical houses the coolant has a design temperature in the range of 85-105 ºС.
• Steam heating apartments in an apartment building (water vapor circulates in the system) has a number of significant shortcomings, has not been used in new houses for a long time, the old housing stock is being transferred to water systems everywhere.

According to the wiring diagram

The main heating schemes in apartment buildings:

• Single-pipe - both the supply and return selection of the coolant to the heating devices is carried out along one line. Such a system is found in "Stalinka" and "Khrushchev". It has a serious drawback: the radiators are arranged in series and, due to the cooling of the coolant in them, the heating temperature of the batteries drops as they move away from the heat point. In order to maintain heat transfer, the number of sections increases in the direction of the coolant. In a pure one-pipe circuit, it is impossible to install control devices. It is not recommended to change the configuration of the pipes, install radiators of a different type and size, otherwise the operation of the system may be seriously impaired.
• "Leningradka" - an improved version single pipe system, which, due to the connection of thermal devices through a bypass, reduces their mutual influence. You can install regulating (non-automatic) devices on radiators, replace the radiator with a different type, but with a similar capacity and power.

• The two-pipe heating scheme of an apartment building has become widely used in Brezhnevka, and is still popular to this day. The supply and return lines are separated in it, so the coolant at the entrances to all apartments and radiators has almost the same temperature, replacing radiators with a different type and even volume does not significantly affect the operation of other devices. Batteries can be equipped with control devices, including automatic ones.

On the left - an improved version of the one-pipe scheme (analogous to the "Leningrad"), on the right - a two-pipe version. The latter provides more comfortable conditions, accurate regulation and gives more opportunities for replacing the radiator

• The beam scheme is used in modern non-standard housing. The devices are connected in parallel, their mutual influence is minimal. Wiring, as a rule, is carried out in the floor, which allows you to free the walls from pipes. When installing control devices, including automatic ones, accurate dosing of the amount of heat in the premises is ensured. Technically, both partial and complete replacement of the heating system in an apartment building with a beam scheme within the apartment with a significant change in its configuration is possible.

With a beam scheme, the supply and return lines enter the apartment, and the wiring is carried out in parallel by separate circuits through the collector. Pipes are usually placed in the floor, radiators are connected neatly and discreetly from below

Replacement, transfer and selection of radiators in an apartment building

Let us make a reservation that any changes in apartment heating in an apartment building must be coordinated with executive bodies and operating organizations.

We have already mentioned that the fundamental possibility of replacing and transferring radiators is due to the scheme. How to choose the right radiator for an apartment building? Consider the following:

• First of all, the radiator must withstand pressure, which is higher in an apartment building than in a private one. How more quantity floors, the higher it can be test pressure, it can reach 10 atm, and in high-rise buildings even 15 atm. Exact value can be obtained from the local operating authority. Not all radiators sold on the market have the corresponding characteristics. A significant part of aluminum and many steel radiators not suitable for apartment buildings.
• Is it possible and how much to change thermal power radiator, depends on the applied scheme. But in any case, the heat transfer of the device must be calculated. For one typical section of a cast-iron battery, the heat transfer is 0.16 kW at a coolant temperature of 85 ºС. Multiplying the number of sections by this value, we get the thermal power of the existing battery. Characteristics of the new heater can be found in its technical data sheet. Panel radiators are not assembled from sections, they have fixed dimensions and power.

Average heat transfer data various types radiators, may vary depending on specific model

• The material also matters. Central heating in an apartment building is often characterized by poor quality of the coolant. The least sensitive to pollution traditional cast iron batteries, aluminum reacts worst of all to an aggressive environment. Bimetallic radiators showed themselves well.

Installing a heat meter

A heat meter can be installed without problems with a beam wiring diagram in an apartment. As a rule, in modern houses already have metering devices. With regard to the existing housing stock with typical systems heating, this possibility is by no means always available. This depends on the specific scheme and configuration of pipelines, advice can be obtained from the local operating organization.

An apartment heat meter can be installed with a beam and two-pipe wiring diagram, if a separate branch goes to the apartment

If it is not possible to install a metering device for the entire apartment, compact heat meters can be placed on each of the radiators.

Alternative apartment meter- heat metering devices placed directly on each of the radiators

Note that the installation of metering devices, the replacement of radiators, and other changes to the heating device in an apartment building require prior approval and must be carried out by specialists representing an organization that has a license to carry out the relevant work.

Video: how heating is supplied in an apartment building