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Brick walls, their fastening to the elements. Fastening external walls to load-bearing structures Adjoining a self-supporting brick wall to a monolithic frame

2.430-20.3 00 PZ Explanatory note
2.430-20.3 01 Unit 1. Fastening of a longitudinal or end wall to a reinforced concrete column
2.430-20.3 02 Node 2, 2a. Fastening the end wall to the reinforced concrete rectangular column of the middle row
2.430-20.3 03 Node 3. Fastening of the end wall to the reinforced concrete two-branch column of the middle row
2.430-20.3 04 Node 4. Fastening the end wall to the truss with a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 05 Unit 5. Fastening of the longitudinal wall to the roof truss with reference "0" and flat roof
2.430-20.3 06 Node 6, 6a, 6b. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and pitched roof
2.430-20.3 07 Assembly 7. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 08 Node 8, 8a. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 09 Node 9, 9a, 9b. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference "0" and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 10 Assembly 10. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the slabs of the roof with "250" binding and pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 11 Knot 11, 11a. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roofing slabs with a span of 12 m. With the binding "250" and pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 12 Knot 12, 12a, 12b. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 13 Unit 13. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 14 Node 14, 14a. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 15 Node 15, 15a, 15b. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference "0" and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 16 Assembly 16. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with "250" binding and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 17 Assembly 17. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with "250" binding and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 18 Unit 18. Fastening of the end wall parapet to the roof slabs
2.430-20.3 19 Unit 19. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
2.430-20.3 20 Node 20. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
2.430-20.3 21 Unit 21. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
2.430-20.3 22 Unit 22. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
2.430-20.3 23 Node 23. Supporting a rafter with a span of 12 m on a pilaster
2.430-20.3 24 Unit 24. Fastening the cornice of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 25 Assembly 25. Fastening the cornice of the longitudinal wall to the slabs of the roof with "250" binding and pitched roof
2.430-20.3 26 Unit 26. Attaching the end wall cornice to the roof slabs
2.430-20.3 27 Unit 27. Fastening of the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 28 Unit 28. Fastening the cornice of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 29 Knot 29. Fastening of the longitudinal or end wall to the head of the railway. b. fachwerk columns
2.430-20.3 30 Assembly 30. Specification

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHART (TTK)

LAYING EXTERIOR WALLS FROM CERAMIC BRICK DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF A MONOLITHIC BRICK HOUSE

I. SCOPE

1.1. A typical technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) is a comprehensive organizational and technological document developed on the basis of methods of scientific organization of labor for the implementation of a technological process and determining the composition of production operations using the most modern means of mechanization and methods for performing work according to a specific given technology. TTK is intended for use in the development of the Project for the Production of Works (PPR) by construction departments and is its integral part in accordance with MDS 12-81.2007.

1.2. This TTK provides instructions on the organization and technology of work during the laying of external walls made of ceramic bricks during the construction of a monolithic-brick house, the composition of production operations, requirements for quality control and acceptance of work, planned labor intensity of work, labor, production and material resources, measures on industrial safety and labor protection.

1.3. The regulatory framework for the development of technological maps are:

- standard drawings;

- building codes and regulations (SNiP, SN, SP);

- factory instructions and specifications (TU);

- norms and prices for construction and installation works (GESN-2001 ENiR);

- production norms for the consumption of materials (NPRM);

- local progressive norms and prices, labor costs norms, material and technical resources consumption norms.

1.4. The purpose of the creation of the shopping mall is to describe solutions for the organization and technology of laying exterior walls made of ceramic bricks during the construction of a monolithic-brick house in order to ensure their high quality, as well as:

- cost reduction of works;

- reduction of construction time;

- ensuring the safety of work performed;

- organization of rhythmic work;

- rational use of labor resources and machines;

- unification of technological solutions.

1.5. On the basis of the TTK, as part of the PPR (as mandatory components of the Project for the execution of works), Working Technological Charts (RTK) are being developed for the performance of certain types of work on laying exterior walls made of ceramic bricks during the construction of a monolithic-brick house.

The design features of their implementation are decided in each case by the Working Design. The composition and level of detail of materials developed in the RTK are established by the relevant contracting construction organization, based on the specifics and scope of work performed.

RTK are considered and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contractor Construction Organization.

1.6. TTK can be tied to a specific object and construction conditions. This process consists in clarifying the scope of work, means of mechanization, the need for labor and material and technical resources.

The procedure for linking the TTK to local conditions:

- consideration of map materials and selection of the desired option;

- verification of the compliance of the initial data (volumes of work, time standards, brands and types of mechanisms, building materials used, composition of the worker link) to the accepted option;

- adjustment of the scope of work in accordance with the chosen option for the production of work and a specific design solution;

- recalculation of costing, technical and economic indicators, the need for machines, mechanisms, tools and material and technical resources in relation to the chosen option;

- design of the graphic part with a specific binding of mechanisms, equipment and fixtures in accordance with their actual dimensions.

1.7. A typical flow chart has been developed for engineering and technical workers (foremen, foremen, foremen) and workers performing work in the III temperature zone, in order to familiarize (train) them with the rules for performing work on laying external walls of ceramic bricks during monolithic construction - a brick house using the most modern means of mechanization, progressive designs and materials, methods of performing work.

The technological map has been developed for the following scopes of work:

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The technological map was developed for a set of works on laying exterior walls made of ceramic bricks during the construction of a monolithic-brick house.

2.2. The work on laying the outer walls of ceramic bricks during the construction of a monolithic-brick house is carried out in one shift, the working hours during the shift are:

2.3. The scope of work performed during the laying of ceramic brick walls during the construction of a monolithic-brick house includes:

- installation, movement and dismantling of inventory scaffolding;

- supply of ceramic bricks, aerated concrete blocks, lintels and cement mortar;

- laying of external walls with a thickness of 125 mm from ceramic bricks;

- insulation of external walls with masonry 350 mm thick from aerated concrete blocks;

- insulation of external walls; installation of reinforced concrete lintels over window and door openings.

2.5. For laying exterior walls, the main materials used are: facade slab Rockwool - this is a rigid slab made of mineral wool 1000x600x100 mm; cement-sand mortar M100 in accordance with GOST 28013-98 *; ceramic bricks size 250x120x65 mm in accordance with GOST 530-2007 *; aerated concrete blocks D500 size 600x350x200 mm in accordance with GOST 31360-2007.
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* GOST 530-2007 is not valid. Instead, GOST 530-2012 applies. - Database manufacturer's note.

Fig.4. Ceramic brick

Fig.5. aerated concrete block

2.4. The technological map provides for the performance of work by an integrated mechanized unit consisting of: Al-Ko TOP 1402 GT concrete mixer (weight m=48 kg, loading volume V=90 l); mobile gasoline Honda power plant ET12000 (3-phase 380/220 V, N=11 kW, m=150 kg); truck jib crane KS-45717 (capacity Q=25.0 t) as a driving mechanism.

Fig.1. Concrete mixer Al-Ko TOP 1402 GT

Fig.2. Honda ET12000 power plant

Fig.3. Cargo characteristics of the automobile jib crane KS-45717

2.6. Work on laying the outer walls of ceramic bricks during the construction of a monolithic-brick house should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

- ;

- SNiP 3.01.03-84*. Geodetic works in construction;
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* SNiP 3.01.03-84 is not valid. The change is valid SP 126.13330.2012

- Manual to SNiP 3.01.03-84. Production of geodetic works in construction;

- SNiP 3.03.01-87

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.14-2011. Organization of construction production. General provisions;

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.51-2011. Organization of construction production. Preparation and production of construction and installation works;

- SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

- SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;

- PB 10-14-92*. Rules for the construction and safe operation of cranes;
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* PB 10-14-92 is not valid. - Database manufacturer's note.

- VSN 274-88 Safety regulations for the operation of self-propelled jib cranes;

- RD 11-02-2006. Requirements for the composition and procedure for maintaining as-built documentation during construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction facilities and the requirements for certificates of examination of work, structures, sections of engineering and technical support networks;

- RD 11-05-2007. The procedure for maintaining a general and (or) special journal for recording the performance of work during construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction projects.

III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

3.1. In accordance with SP 48.13330.2011 "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction. Updated edition" prior to the commencement of construction and installation works at the facility, the Contractor is obliged to obtain from the Customer project documentation and permission to perform construction and installation works in the prescribed manner. Work without permission is prohibited.

3.2. Prior to the commencement of work on the laying of external walls made of ceramic bricks during the construction of a monolithic-brick house, it is necessary to carry out a set of organizational and technical measures, including:

- to develop a RTK or PPR for laying exterior walls made of ceramic bricks;

- appoint persons responsible for the safe performance of work, as well as their control and quality of performance;

- briefing the members of the safety team;

- establish temporary inventory household premises for storing building materials, tools, inventory, heating workers, eating, drying and storing work clothes, bathrooms, etc.;

- provide the site with working documentation approved for the production of work;

- prepare machines, mechanisms and equipment for the production of work and deliver them to the facility;

- provide workers with manual machines, tools and personal protective equipment;

- provide the construction site with fire-fighting equipment and signaling equipment;

- prepare places for storing building materials, products and structures;

- fence the construction site and put up warning signs illuminated at night;

- provide communication for operational and dispatching control of the production of works;

- deliver to the work area the necessary materials, fixtures, inventory, tools and means for the safe performance of work;

- check quality certificates for ceramic bricks, aerated concrete blocks, reinforced concrete lintels, reinforcing steel, cement-sand mortar;

- to test construction machines, means of mechanization of work and equipment according to the nomenclature provided for by the RTK or PPR;

Draw up an act of readiness of the object for the production of work;

- obtain permission from the technical supervision of the Customer to start work (clause 4.1.3.2 of RD 08-296-99*).
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* RD 08-296-99 are not valid. - Database manufacturer's note.

3.3. General provisions

3.3.1. The brick-monolithic technology for the construction of residential buildings is based on the principle of connecting a monolithic reinforced concrete frame and brick walls.

3.3.2. Only interfloor floors and load-bearing structures are erected from reinforced concrete, and the walls are formed with brickwork in the same way as in traditional brick construction.

3.3.3. The outer walls of a brick-monolithic residential building usually consist of insulation, an air gap and bricks.

3.3.4. From the inside, the outer wall is insulated with foam concrete blocks. After the masonry, internal partitions are installed.

3.3.5. Brick-monolithic houses practically do not shrink, so interior decoration can be done immediately, and then it will not have to be redone. This is due to the fact that the unloading of the outer brickwork occurs on each floor (due to concrete floors), respectively, and the shrinkage of the brickwork occurs only at the level of one floor - these are hundredths of a millimeter. With other construction technologies (panel, brick), shrinkage occurs entirely within the house and can continue for several years after the commissioning of the object.

3.3.6. In terms of thermal efficiency and sound insulation, brick-monolithic houses are not inferior to brick houses, and even surpass them in terms of moisture resistance.

Brick-monolithic houses take the main load on a monolithic frame of columns and inter-apartment walls - this allows you to implement a variety of planning solutions (including master layouts of apartments). In brick and panel houses, the inner walls of the apartment perform the supporting function, so the layouts are not so diverse.

3.3.7. In a monolithic-brick house, brickwork does not carry a vertical load, performing the function of a fence. Due to the rigidity and strength of the structure, brick-monolithic houses have practically no height restrictions.

3.3.8. The brickwork of the outer walls must be solid and completely cover the interfloor ceilings from the outside. Only in this case, the so-called "cold bridges" are not formed.

If the interfloor ceilings are not closed, floors and ceilings can freeze through at low temperatures outside, since nothing protects the monolithic slab from the outside.

To close the floor slab, it is necessary to lay the outer walls with a thickness of 250 mm (in one brick).

3.4. Preparatory work

3.4.1. Prior to the commencement of work on the laying of external walls made of ceramic bricks, the preparatory work provided for by the TTC must be completed, including:

- perform the installation of three floors above the floor where brickwork will be carried out;

- prepare a site for receiving the solution from vehicles;

- places of work performance must be freed from unused inventory, fixtures, building material;

- deliver and place pallets with bricks in the storage area;

- prepare a site for receiving materials on the floor;

- prepare a platform for facing columns located on the edge of the ceiling;

- clean the base on which the walls will be laid from debris, ice, snow (in winter);

- check, prepare and supply to the place of work the necessary tools, fixtures, inventory;

- make a geodetic breakdown of the axes and marking the position of the walls in accordance with the project.

3.4.2. During the production of brickwork, the building is divided into sections, and the sections into plots, depending on the number of links. The brickwork of the floor, in height, is divided into tiers with a height of no more than 1.20 m.

3.4.3. The first tier is carried out directly from the flooring. Brickwork of the second tier is made from inventory scaffolding (pedestals), 1.2 m high (see Fig. 4). Scaffolds are installed at a distance of 1.0 m from each other. A wooden flooring is laid on the scaffold (the thickness of the board is at least 50 mm), see Fig. 5.

Fig.4. Bricklayer's inventory scaffolding (pedestals)

Fig.5.* Putting the scaffold into working position

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* The numbering of the figures corresponds to the original. - Database manufacturer's note.

3.4.4. The supply of ceramic bricks, aerated concrete blocks, insulation boards and cement mortar at the workplace must correspond to a 2-4 hour need for them.

The boxes with the solution are installed against the openings at a distance of no more than 4.0 m from one another. Pallets with bricks and blocks are installed against the walls. When laying blind sections of walls, pallets with blocks and boxes with mortar are installed in alternating order.

3.4.5. The marking of the wall installation places begins with the drawing of center lines on the floor, then, using a plumb line, this marking is transferred to the ceiling.

For quick and error-free laying of walls, it is recommended to mark the locations of door and other openings on the floor. The doorway should indicate which door is being installed (right or left). Marking is carried out using a folding ruler, tape measure, metrostat and cord breaker. The marking of large rooms is carried out using a laser or optical level.

First, the design position of the frame is marked on the floor. The markup starts from a wall located parallel to the partition being erected, extending the horizontal axis. Then, on this axis, the location of door and other openings, as well as conclusions and through passages of communications, is marked.

Then, with the help of a metrostat and a cord breaker (if the height of the room is more than 3 m, then a level or plumb line), the markings are mirrored onto the ceiling. Metrostat is a sliding device with a measuring scale and bubble level. It is used for marking, control, and also as a spacer during installation. The vertical axes of the walls are applied to the walls of the room with the help of a metrostat and a plumb line.

The breakdown accuracy is assigned according to SNiP 3.01.03-84* (Table 2) and agreed with the design organization or directly calculated and set by it. Stakeout points damaged in the course of work must be immediately restored.
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* SNiP 3.01.03-84 is not valid. Instead, SP 126.13330.2012 applies. - Database manufacturer's note.

3.4.6. The completed work must be presented to the representative of the Customer's technical supervision for inspection and documentation by signing the Act of laying out the axes of the capital construction object on the ground in accordance with Appendix 2, RD 11-02-2006 and obtain permission to lay walls.

3.4.7. The completion of the preparatory work is recorded in the General Work Log (The recommended form is given in RD 11-05-2007) and must be accepted according to the Act on the implementation of labor safety measures, drawn up in accordance with Appendix I, SNiP 12-03-2001.

3.5. Wall masonry

3.5.1. The laying of external load-bearing walls begins with the laying of aerated concrete blocks over the floor, and then the cladding is made of ceramic face bricks.

Fig.6. Outer wall construction

3.5.2. Brickwork of external walls is carried out in the following sequence:

- the marking of places for the installation of walls, door and window openings is carried out and their fixing on the floor;

- installation of a rail - orders;

- installation and rearrangement of the mooring cord;

- cutting blocks with an electric saw (as needed);

- supply and unfolding of blocks on the wall;

- shoveling, feeding, spreading and leveling the solution on the floor;

- laying blocks of the first row;

- checking the filling of all joints with mortar;

- checking with the help of the building level the correctness of the masonry;

- installation of mason scaffolding (for the production of brickwork above 1.2 m);

- brick lining of columns located on the edge of the ceiling.

3.5.3. Prior to the start of masonry, the bricklayer sets and fixes the corner and intermediate orders, indicating on them the marks of window and door openings.

To do this, the bricklayer fixes the clamp in the vertical seam of the masonry, and another after 3-4 rows. Then he inserts an order between the installed clamps and presses it to the masonry with a screw clamp. Screws on the lower end of the ordering adjusts its vertical position. The bricklayer controls the correct installation by plumb and level or level. The serifs for each row in all orders must be in the same horizontal plane. Orders are installed at the corners, at the intersections and junctions of the walls.

Fig.7. Scheme of installation of inventory metal ordering

3.5.4. Pay special attention to laying the first row of blocks. The convenience of further work and the quality of the entire construction depend on this. The horizontal and vertical position of the blocks is controlled using a level and, if necessary, corrected with a rubber mallet.

Fig.8. Block position control

3.5.5. If a gap remains in the first row of masonry, the size of a shorter whole block, an additional block must be made. In this case, the cutting of aerated concrete is done with a hand saw. The sawn off surface should be leveled with a trowel. The ends of the sides during installation must be smeared with cement mortar. The installation of the second top row begins precisely with laying on top of the cut block in order to observe the bandage, that is, to obtain standard brickwork with an offset. After the laying of the first row, the surface of the blocks is leveled with a special sanding board or a planer for aerated concrete. Small fragments and dust remaining after leveling are removed with a brush.

Fig.9. Preparation of aerated concrete blocks for masonry

3.5.6. Between the installed extreme blocks, a mooring cord is stretched, as shown in Fig. 10, and the row is filled. When laying walls, a mooring cord is installed for each row, pulling it and rearranging it with a mobile clamp at the level of the top of the bricks being laid, indented from the vertical plane of the masonry by 1-2 mm. At lighthouses, the mooring is fixed with a bracket, shown in Fig. 10 b, the sharp end of which is inserted into the masonry seam, and a mooring cord is tied to the long blunt end resting on the lighthouse gas silicate block. The free end of the cord is wound around the handle of the staple. By turning the bracket to a new position, the mooring is pulled for the next row. To eliminate sagging, a beacon is placed under the cord, as can be seen in Fig. 10 c, - a wooden beacon wedge, with a thickness equal to the height of the masonry row. Press the cord with a brick laid on top. Beacons are placed through opposite walls with a protrusion beyond the vertical plane of the wall by 3-4 mm.

Fig.10. Installation of a mooring cord

A - mooring bracket; b - installation of the bracket; c - use of wooden lighthouse bricks

The mooring cord can be tied to nails fixed in the seams of the masonry, see Fig. 11.

Fig.11. The scheme of fastening the mooring for nails

A - general view of the stretched mooring, b - fixing the mooring with a double loop, c - pulling the mooring

Fig.12. Laying aerated concrete blocks

3.5.7. The connection of a wall with a perpendicular reinforced concrete wall is carried out using metal ties located every 2-3 rows of blocks. In this case, one part of the connection is placed in the seam of the block masonry and fastened with special nails, and the second part is attached to the side surface of the wall.

The places where the blocks adjoin the reinforced concrete floors are filled with mounting foam, due to which the wall acquires additional stability.

Fig.13. Connection of blocks with reinforced concrete structures

3.5.8. Facing walls made of aerated concrete blocks with ceramic face bricks is carried out according to the same rules as ordinary brickwork. It is performed with a ventilation gap 20-40 mm wide (see Fig. 6). The facing brick is fixed on the aerated concrete wall with the help of galvanized strips, which are nailed to the aerated concrete blocks on one side and laid in the seam between the bricks on the other. When facing with a brick with a gap, it is necessary to lay the brick across the masonry every four rows with an emphasis on the wall. In the resulting voids, you can lay a heater.

3.5.9. Insulation of partitions between loggias is carried out using the facade slab Rockwool (Denmark) - this is a rigid slab made of fire-resistant, water-repellent and durable mineral wool, specially designed for facade insulation. Its density is approximately 145 kg/m with a thermal conductivity of 0.035 W/mK.

To connect the internal monolithic wall with brickwork, in the monolithic layer, appropriate bonds are provided, bent during concreting, after the formwork is removed, the bonds are unbent and insulation is pricked on them.

Fig.14. Scheme of insulation of loggia partitions

Fig.15. General view of the outer walls in a monolithic-frame house

3.4.3. The completed work on the installation of external walls must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing the Certificates of Inspection of Critical Structures, in accordance with Appendix 4, RD 11-02-2006.

IV. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

4.1. Control and assessment of the quality of work in the production of laying walls from ceramic porous blocks should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents:

- SP 48.13330.2011. "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction. Updated edition";

- SNiP 3.03.01-87. Bearing and enclosing structures;

- GOST 28013-98 Building mortars. General technical conditions;

- GOST 530-2007. Brick and ceramic stones. Specifications;

- GOST 31360-2007. Unreinforced wall products made of autoclaved cellular concrete.

4.2. The quality control of the work performed should be carried out by specialists with the involvement of an accredited construction laboratory equipped with technical means that ensure the necessary reliability and completeness of control and is assigned to the manufacturer of the work or the master performing the work on laying walls of ceramic bricks.

4.3. Construction quality control of work should include incoming control of design working documentation and results of engineering surveys, as well as the quality of previous work performed, operational control of construction and installation works, processes or technological operations and acceptance control of work performed with conformity assessment.

4.4. Transportation and storage

4.4.1. Aerated concrete blocks and ceramic bricks transported on pallets in accordance with GOST 18343 with rigid fixation with a shrink film or bandaging them with a steel tape in accordance with GOST 3560 or other fastening that ensures the immobility and safety of the blocks.

Transportation is carried out by any type of transport in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9238 and the Specifications for loading and securing cargo.

During transportation of products, protection of products from mechanical damage and moisture must be ensured.

Each packed place must be marked with the sign "Afraid of moisture" in accordance with GOST 14192. Each batch of blocks that differ in strength grades of concrete must be marked.

Loading and unloading of products from vehicles should be carried out mechanically using soft slings or a forklift. It is forbidden to load blocks in bulk and unload them by dropping them. The use of steel cables will damage the flat surface of the blocks.

Blocks should be stored sorted by types, categories, strength classes, grades by average density and stacked in stacks no more than 2.5 m high. Blocks should be protected from moisture.

Pallets should be stored on a flat area, excluding distortions and flooding.

If it is planned to store the blocks for a long time before the start of construction and installation work, the pallets should be partially unpacked to start drying the aerated concrete. Those. remove the film from the sides of the pallets, leaving only the cap.

Remove the film from the top of the packaging only immediately before starting work.

Bricks are stored on pallets (see fig. 16 and fig. 17) in the crane area in rows with a gap between pallets of 100+120 mm. After 3 + 4 rows of pallets, a passage 0.7 + 1.0 m wide should be left. It is allowed to store packages with bricks in stacks on gaskets, the stack height is not more than 2 tiers.

Fig.16. Pallets for bricks

a- on bars; b- with hooks

Fig.17. Laying bricks on pallets with bonding

a, b- cross; in- "in the Christmas tree"

4.5. Input control

4.5.1. Input control is carried out in order to identify deviations from the requirements of the project and relevant standards. Input control of building materials, structures and products arriving at the facility is carried out:

- registration method by analyzing data recorded in documents (certificates, passports, invoices, etc.);

- external visual inspection (according to GOST 16504-81);

- technical inspection (according to GOST 16504-81);

- if necessary - by a measuring method using measuring instruments (checking the main geometric parameters), incl. laboratory equipment;

- control tests in cases of doubts about the correctness of the characteristics or the absence of the necessary data in the certificates and passports of manufacturers.

4.5.2. The input control of incoming materials is carried out by a commission appointed by order of the director of the construction organization. The commission includes a representative of the supply department, the production and technical department and line engineers. The organization of incoming control of purchased products and materials is carried out in accordance with the instructions:

- N P-6 of 06/15/1965 "On the procedure for accepting products for industrial purposes and consumer goods in terms of quality";

- N P-7 dated 04/25/1966 "On the procedure for accepting products for industrial purposes and consumer goods by quantity" .

4.5.3. During the input control of working documentation, its completeness and sufficiency of technical information in it for the performance of work is checked.

During the input control of working documentation, its verification is carried out by employees of the Technical and Production departments of the construction organization.

Comments on the Design and Estimate Documentation and Organizational and Technological Documentation are drawn up in the form of a conclusion for presentation through the customer to the design organization. The accepted documentation is sent to the construction site with a mark "To the production of works" and signed by the chief engineer.

4.5.4. During the incoming control of project documentation, the following are checked:

Completeness of the design and included in its composition of the working documentation in the amount necessary and sufficient for the performance of work;

- mutual coordination of dimensions, coordinates and marks (heights), corresponding design axial dimensions and geodetic base;

- availability of approvals and approvals;

- compliance of the boundaries of the construction site on the construction master plan with the established servitudes;

- availability of references to regulatory documents for materials and products;

- availability of requirements for the actual accuracy of controlled parameters;

- conditions for determining with the necessary accuracy the proposed tolerances for the dimensions of products and structures, as well as ensuring the control of the parameters specified in the design documentation when installing products and structures in the design position, the availability of instructions on methods and equipment for performing the necessary tests and measurements with reference to regulatory documents ;

- technical equipment and technological capabilities to perform work in accordance with the project documentation;

- sufficiency of the list of concealed works for which it is required to survey the structures of the facility subject to intermediate acceptance.

4.5.5. At the construction site during the input control:

- documents on quality and marking of structures, products, parts should be checked in order to determine the presence in the quality documents of all the required data, as well as to determine the compliance of the received structures, parts and fasteners with the requirements of the project and regulatory documents;

- the presence of the QCD stamp on structures, products and parts should be checked;

- an external inspection of structures, products, parts and the required measurements should be carried out in order to verify their compliance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation and to detect unacceptable defects on the surfaces of structures;
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Issue 3. Junctions of walls made of bricks with a reinforced concrete frame. Working drawings

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2.430-20.3 01 Unit 1. Fastening of a longitudinal or end wall to a reinforced concrete column

2.430-20.3 02 Node 2, 2a. Fastening the end wall to the reinforced concrete rectangular column of the middle row

2.430-20.3 03 Node 3. Fastening of the end wall to the reinforced concrete two-branch column of the middle row

2.430-20.3 04 Node 4. Fastening the end wall to the truss with a pitched roof

2.430-20.3 05 Unit 5. Fastening of the longitudinal wall to the roof truss with reference "0" and flat roof

2.430-20.3 06 Node 6, 6a, 6b. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and pitched roof

2.430-20.3 07 Assembly 7. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm

2.430-20.3 08 Node 8, 8a. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm

2.430-20.3 09 Node 9, 9a, 9b. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference "0" and a pitched roof

2.430-20.3 10 Assembly 10. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the slabs of the roof with "250" binding and pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm

2.430-20.3 11 Knot 11, 11a. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roofing slabs with a span of 12 m. With the binding "250" and pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm

2.430-20.3 12 Knot 12, 12a, 12b. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and a flat roof

2.430-20.3 13 Unit 13. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm

2.430-20.3 14 Node 14, 14a. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the binding "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm

2.430-20.3 15 Node 15, 15a, 15b. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference "0" and a flat roof

2.430-20.3 16 Assembly 16. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with "250" binding and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm

2.430-20.3 17 Assembly 17. Fastening of the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with "250" binding and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm

2.430-20.3 18 Unit 18. Fastening of the end wall parapet to the roof slabs

2.430-20.3 19 Unit 19. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 mm

2.430-20.3 20 Node 20. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 510 mm

2.430-20.3 21 Unit 21. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 mm

2.430-20.3 22 Unit 22. Supporting the roof slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 510 mm

2.430-20.3 23 Node 23. Supporting a rafter with a span of 12 m on a pilaster

2.430-20.3 24 Unit 24. Fastening the cornice of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with reference "0" and a pitched roof

2.430-20.3 25 Assembly 25. Fastening the cornice of the longitudinal wall to the slabs of the roof with "250" binding and pitched roof

2.430-20.3 26 Unit 26. Attaching the end wall cornice to the roof slabs

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