Flushing of heating systems. Signs of a decrease in the efficiency of the heating system

Flushing the heating system - necessary preventive measure. And it doesn't have to be done by professionals. Knowing the rules and methods, you can do everything with your own hands. If carried out regularly, the system works at full capacity without any problems. For prevention, simple and gentle regimens are sufficient, which do not negative impact on the state of the elements of the system. If the radiators are not washed regularly, you will have to use chemical additives, which, of course, will remove all deposits. But after such treatment, leaks often appear or the corrosion process is activated.

Why does the heating system clog

Heating systems are divided into centralized and individual. They vary in size and operating conditions. From here - different problems, different frequency of processing.

Centralized systems

Most in need of cleaning centralized systems: their length and a large number of equipment contribute to the accumulation of various small and not very particles. These are particles of rust, scale, sand, precipitated salt, etc. etc. All these particles are carried by the coolant flow. Once on the site with a relatively low speed of movement - in the supply pipe, and then into the radiator - they settle, gradually clogging both pipes and radiators.

Pipes are clogged mainly steel: their inner surface is rough initially. Over the years, it becomes even more heterogeneous: rust particles fall off, additional irregularities form. This is where the confusion starts. In metal-plastic, galvanized pipes, the inner surface is smooth. So deposits in them are very rare: flat surface coolant blows them away.

The second "victim" - radiators. Here, two groups are most at risk: with very narrow and very wide channels for the coolant. In narrow channels, the speed of water movement is higher, but if a deposit forms here, then it clogs very quickly. Narrow collectors in, as well as for some models and.

Very wide channels are available only for cast iron batteries. The coolant flows into them at a low speed, due to which the suspended particles settle down and remain in the sections. A large gap is not so easy to score, but if you do not do prevention, it will happen sooner or later.

Overgrowing of pipes and batteries leads to a decrease in heat transfer, and the room becomes colder. It is on this basis that it is possible to determine the need for flushing the system or a separate radiator.

Individual heating

In individual heating, the problem is not so acute: its volume is small, there are few components. In addition, if, then some time after pouring water (if it is used), everything that can, binds and settles, only pure water. If water of normal quality is used, softened, without salts, then such a system will be clean in a few years. Another picture is observed if you use water from a river or a well: even after a year there will be a lot of precipitation.

In individual heating, running on low temperatures( , ), another problem may arise: legionella bacteria. They actively multiply if the temperature does not exceed 40-60 o C. When colonized by these bacteria, the system is constantly aired. When air is released, it has a strong hydrogen sulfide odor. It is difficult to fight these bacteria, and living with such a strong “smelling” heating is not comfortable and dangerous. Legionella is released into the air and can cause a disease similar to pneumonia (legionnaires' disease). In this case, a complete and thorough flushing of the system using disinfectants is necessary, as well as running it at elevated temperatures.

Types of heating system cleaning

There are several different types of system flushes using agents of varying intensity.

hydraulic cleaning

Such a difficult name can be deciphered as follows: flush the heating system running water. This method is more commonly used in individual systems. The procedure is as follows:

If the system is not connected to the water supply, a pump or pump can be used to supply water. This is a gentle, but, nevertheless, effective flushing of all elements of the system, including the boiler. But if a large amount of solid precipitation has formed, it will not help. More effective measures will be needed.

Hydropneumatic processing

Carried out according to plan centralized networks, but can be successfully used in individual. However, here without additional equipment indispensable: air is added to the water flow. You can use a car compressor to flush the heating system at home.

When carrying out hydropneumatic cleaning, air is supplied to the central heating unit not evenly, but intermittently. Then a pulsation is formed, which breaks even persistent deposits. This method is more effective, but also more dangerous: air shocks are water hammers, and sometimes they disable some of the weakest parts of the system. On the other hand, everything is better weak spots detect before the start of the heating season: so there will be time to eliminate them in a calm environment.

The video below demonstrates how to flush the heating system using the hydropneumatic impact method.

Chemical

Chemically active substances are poured into the system. They are different:

• milk serum,
• vinegar,
• caustic soda,
• acids (phosphoric, orthophosphoric, etc.),
• special formulations.

How the system is processed depends on the means used. If these are special formulations, the whole procedure is written on the package. This sequence is developed by the manufacturer, it is imperative to adhere to it.

When using "home" reagents, you can act in the following way: every 3-4 hours turn on the pumps for 10-15 minutes. It takes a long time to do this: several days. Then drain everything and flush the system a couple of times.

Dry cleaning is a very risky undertaking - the weakest elements can leak. Although, the same principle applies here: it is better to identify them out of season.

The frequency of flushing the heating system

According to SNiP, flushing the system is required annually. But purges are carried out different type. Conventional hydraulic is carried out annually, with the addition of air - once every 2-3 years, and chemical - as needed, but not more than once every 5-7 years.

It is difficult to say to what extent the operating organizations adhere to such recommendations. But in individual systems, no one bothers to flush the heating system every two to three years. There is no need for annual processing. It is possible to drain a certain amount of coolant after the end of the season in order to assess its condition. If there are no “aromas” and precipitation, the time to flush the heating has not yet come.

How to clean the battery

But it is not always necessary to clean the entire system. Often the pipes are clean, and only the radiators are clogged. How to define it? When should the radiator be flushed? By temperature:

• the riser and supply pipes are hot, and the radiator is barely warm, most likely it is clogged;
• some sections or parts do not heat heater;
• up normal temperature and the bottom remains cold.

All this indicates the need to clean the radiator.

Wash the batteries after the end of the heating season. If, when installed on the supply and return, they are installed, and with a single-pipe wiring there is also a bypass, then this can also be done during the heating season: by closing the taps, the radiator can be removed. The system will continue to operate if there is a bypass.

Remove the batteries, twist all the fittings. Take it to a place where there is a source of water. If you flush the radiator in an apartment, it can be a bathroom, but only if it is cast iron (throw more old rags on the bottom so as not to break the enamel). In private houses, flushing is done on the street by pulling a hose with water to the place. Often they are washed only with water: pouring it into different collectors. With a sufficiently strong jet, even stubborn deposits are washed out.

If it is not possible to organize a stream of water, close all collectors except one with plugs (buy on the market or in a store). Pour water inside and screw on the last manifold. Now shake and turn the battery over.

It is not easy to turn cast iron, and it will not work to shake it. But you can knock: with a mallet or a wooden mallet. If there are still a lot of deposits and they are not washed out with water, you can try some chemicals. Its walls are thick, so it is unlikely to be damaged.

They clean with whey or caustic, some use Krot type sewer cleaners. But "Mole" is a potent substance and you need to be careful with it. After pouring the funds, periodically turn the battery over, tap it. After a day or two (or several hours, depending on what was poured), unscrew the plug, drain all the contents. Here it will be necessary to think: where. Perhaps in a bucket or a trough, and then into the sewer, but there are many options. After pouring out all the contents, rinse thoroughly with water: if something remains from chemicals, corrosion is activated. After such processing, the inside should be clean.

Install the radiator in place, and check: turn on the system for a while at elevated pressure. This is the so-called pressure system. In system individual heating it's easy: open the make-up valve and fill the system, monitor the pressure on the pressure gauge. As soon as it exceeds the working one by 1.5 times, the coolant flow is blocked. Leaving the system for a while in this state, check it for strength. At the end of the day, drain part of the coolant, bringing the pressure to normal.

To check a separate radiator in an apartment, a crimping machine is used. It is not necessary to buy such a unit: you can rent it. They are manual type, they work simply: water is poured into the container, it is pumped inside with the help of a hand pump, and it (with the pump) creates overpressure(displayed on the gauge). Knowing the working pressure in your system, you create a 20% higher test pressure. If it didn’t leak anywhere, we can assume that everything went well.

This is a long and difficult procedure, and washing cast iron radiator also physically hard. However, keeping the system clean is a guarantee economical heating: the heat transfer of such a system is higher.

How and how to flush heating radiators

Let's talk about dry cleaning. Can be used different means. From the experience of "users" there are the following options:

• pour whey for a day, periodically turn over;
• pour a pack of ordinary soda, pour boiling water, several treatments help with most precipitation;
• too, but with caustic soda - works better;
• pour cleaning solution car radiator, add boiling water, drain after a few hours;

In all these methods, there is one point: it can corrode gaskets. Then you have to. So I advise many to rinse well with water, in extreme cases, with air - using a car compressor.

Results

Flushing the heating system and cleaning radiators - required action. If this is done regularly, emergency measures may not be needed: water and air will be enough.

Heating systems have firmly entered life, because they are present in many houses, apartments, and enterprises. Of course, in order for the system to function for a long time and without fail, certain measures must be taken. For this reason, hydropneumatic flushing of the heating system is very relevant: in the publication we will talk about the intricacies of the process, about its effectiveness.

Why is it necessary to flush the heating system?

Scale that collects on the walls of pipes, batteries causes numerous problems. Firstly, the mechanical wear of pipes is significantly accelerated. Secondly, the heat transfer of the system is significantly reduced, and this negative factor. So, experts say that scale 1 mm thick reduces the level of heat transfer by 15%. the thermal conductivity of the scale is about forty times less than the similar parameters of the metal. This indicates that even thin layer scale damages the metal and can lead to the appearance of fistulas, to rupture of pipes.

Besides, in negative side key indicators of heating change. This means that fuel costs go up and efficiency goes down. As you can see, the consequences are significant, so flushing heating pipelines and radiators is essential.

The above can be summarized as follows: the main goal of heating flushing is to achieve maximum savings heat and consumer money. It must be clearly understood that pipes clogged with various deposits often cause emergencies. Ideally, flushing of heating radiators, as well as pipelines, should be done once a year.

Before performing a range of work, it is necessary to diagnose the system. The obtained indicators will show the specialist a complete picture, that is, he will know the composition and nature of the deposits. Based on the results, appropriate equipment will be selected, and after flushing, it is necessary to perform anti-corrosion treatment of the pipe walls. Thanks to this procedure, the appearance of deposits and scale is prevented for some time.

Signs of a decrease in the efficiency of the heating system

How do you know when flushing is needed? To the number obvious signs reducing the efficiency of the heating system include the following indicators:

• strange, unusual sounds come from the cauldron;
• the system is warming up long time;
• the pipes are hot and the radiator is cold;
• a sharp increase in energy consumption - this fact does not please anyone;
• putting the boiler into operation in the operating before the system heating.

If these signs occur, urgent action must be taken to prevent an emergency.

Uneven heating of pipes is the very first and main feature defective operation of the heating system

The essence and stages of hydropneumatic flushing

So, what are the rules for flushing the heating system in this way? First you need to say that this technology consists in supplying compressed air to pipes filled with water. After carrying out such a process, the speed of movement of the water-air mixture increases and high turbulence is created: as a result, deposits are loosened and removed from the system space.

During hydropneumatic flushing, branch pipes with taps and check valves cut into the pipeline. AT small system water is supplied through pipes available in the heating system. To discharge water, a drain pipe must be inserted into the return pipe or special taps must be used. If a system with an elevator is flushed, the elevator cup and the cone are removed beforehand.

To supply air, you need to use a compressor to flush the heating system, which creates a pressure of 0.6 MPa. Installed on the compressed air pipeline check valve- its main task is to limit the ingress of water into the compressor receiver.

A high-quality compressor cleans the heating system well from all kinds of contaminants. It makes no sense to buy it for one cleaning, but you can rent it

A few words should be said about choosing the right compressor. When making a purchase, you need to focus on technical specifications products, in particular, on the presence of the function of automatic control of the frequency of formation of pulses for the supply of the mixture.

Well, if it is possible to add officially approved disinfectants. Also, the following parameters must be provided in the equipment:

• protection against spontaneous inclusion;
• compactness, mobility;
• the presence of an indicator of the pressure level, the flow of flushing water.

And now the instructions for flushing the heating system by the hydropneumatic method will be considered. The first option is the flow method - it consists in carrying out the following steps:

• the system is filled with water, and the air collector valve is in the open state;
• after filling, the valve closes;
• served compressed air with the subsequent opening of the drain pipe;
• the mixture is continuously fed into the pipeline, passes through all devices, and then merges.

Flushing continues until clean water flows from the nozzle.

The method of filling the system (second option) is carried out in the following sequence:

• the system is filled with water, the valve is closed;
• compressed air is supplied through another pipe, after 5-15 minutes the supply is stopped and water with dirt exfoliated during blowing is removed through the drain pipe.

The effectiveness of hydropneumatic flushing is obvious:

• the hydraulic resistance of pipelines and the system as a whole decreases;
• heat transfer increases, that is thermal energy used most productively;
• improves fluid circulation.

It is important to note that hydropneumatic flushing is calculated separately for each system.

Crimping technology

When the cold is approaching and the heating season is on the nose, care should be taken to carry out important procedure i.e. check the system for leaks. This process cannot be ignored and special attention must be paid to the pipeline and the pipes included in it. In addition, pressure testing may be needed at the height of the heating season, if emergency situations have occurred. The reason is that when installing pipes, radiators, boilers, tightness connecting nodes impossible to fully control.

This is what a pressure test pump looks like, which is used to fill the system and perform a pressure test.

Arrow - indicator of the presence / absence of leaks

Do-it-yourself pressure testing of the heating system is carried out in the following order:

• The heating system is slowly filling with water. Two points are important here. Firstly, in a house consisting of one or two floors, it is not necessary to raise the pressure. Secondly, when it comes to checking high-rise building, the press raises the pressure to the appropriate indicators;
• The system filled with water is left under pressure for 30 minutes. During this period, the pressure gauge can easily and easily find the leaks. If the arrow deviates and the pressure decreases, then there is a leak somewhere;
• After a leak is detected, the water is drained (in whole or in part), the leak is eliminated and the procedure is repeated.

By neglecting the crimping process, homeowners risk the safety and health of people.

Flushing and pressure testing of the heating system are mandatory procedures that must be carried out regularly, without ignoring them and not leaving them for later!

To achieve efficiency from a water heating system, it is necessary not only to properly operate it. As practice shows, without a permanent preventive examination and repairs, which consist of care and washing, to achieve good result happens to be difficult.

Timely flushing of the heating system is needed not only to maintain performance heating system, but also for significant savings Money. Many factors affect the efficient functioning of heating, namely:

- normal operation of the heat generator;

- high-quality coolant;

- operating pressure;

- timely maintenance.

Timely and correct flushing internal systems heating in an apartment building or in private households significantly extends the life of pipelines and radiator batteries, and positively affects the heat transfer process.

Why is flushing the heating system necessary?

During operation, the walls of the pipeline are covered with a layer of scale. This significantly reduces the throughput of the system, heat transfer, and, accordingly, the efficiency of heating. Deposits have very low thermal conductivity, about 40 times less than metal. Therefore, if the scale in the pipe is 1 mm thick, it can reduce heat transfer by 15-20%. Accordingly, a thick layer of scale formed will lead to the fact that the radiators will be barely “alive” in winter.

Another negative property of aggressive deposits is the ability to destroy metal. As a result of such destruction, unwanted fistulas and ruptures are formed. There is no time for prevention - the system needs urgent repair, which, as a rule, is much more expensive than maintenance.

Accumulated deposits in the heating system can only be removed by flushing. Flushing the heating system of an apartment building should be carried out annually, in a private one - as needed.

The main signs of inefficient heating

How to understand that your heating system is not functioning properly and needs to be flushed urgently? The first signs of the "disease" look like this:

- starting or warming up takes a very long time;

- the pipeline is hot, but the batteries remain cold;

- the appearance of unnatural sounds during the operation of the boiler;

- sharply increased fuel consumption;

— uneven heating of the radiator.

How to flush the heating system

Flushing of heating systems is performed air compressor, the working pressure of which is 0.6 MPa. This is quite expensive equipment, so you should not spend money on purchasing it and try to flush the heating system yourself.

To perform this work, it is better to turn to professionals who, firstly, have everything necessary equipment, and secondly, they know how to achieve the maximum effect from this procedure, while not damaging the pipeline and not providing the neighbors with an unexpected shower from the ceiling. It is necessary to flush the heating system in an apartment building with the help of the “correct” compressor, which automatically adjusts the pulse frequency when the mixture is supplied.

Another one useful feature in the operation of this equipment - the use of disinfectants that have a beneficial effect on the quality of washing. It is with such equipment that the master plumbers of our company work, performing work efficiently and safely, avoiding unforeseen emergencies. Flushing the heating system, the price of which our masters have is quite democratic, is your guaranteed warmth in the harsh winter.

Types, rules and procedure for flushing

To date, the following types of flushing heating systems are known:

1. hydropneumatic;
2. chemical;
3. pneumohydropulse.

Hydropneumatic flushing heating system is as follows: compressed air is injected into a pipeline filled with water. In this case, an air mixture is formed, which moves to high speed, crushes and separates deposits from the inner surface of the pipe and takes them out of the contour.

Hydraulic flushing of the heating system is performed in two ways:

- a flow scheme in which the system is first filled with water with the air collector valve open. It is blocked after it is completely filled. Then the compressor pumps compressed air, and only after that the drain pipe opens. As a result, a mixture of water and air passes through all the heating devices and merges. Flushing the heating with air lasts until clean water starts to flow from the pipe;

- in the second variant, the system is filled with water with the air collector valve closed. Using a backup pipe, the pipeline is filled with compressed air for 10-20 minutes. After that, the dirty liquid is drained through the hole in the drain pipe.

Chemical flush or overhaul

Chemical flushing of the heating system consists in the use of solutions containing alkalis and acids.

In this case, a chemical solvent and a corrosion inhibitor that protects the metal from corrosion are introduced instead of the heat agent. The reagent circulating in the heating system dissolves all deposits and scale on the pipe walls. Before draining the contents, a neutralizer is added. This contributes to a significant reduction in the toxicity of the chemical preparation.

For each case, a certain composition of the solution is selected, the time of its action is calculated, the degree of pollution of the heating system is taken into account and what material it is made of.

Flushing heating pipes in this way allows you to perform this procedure all year round, even during the heating season, without turning off the heating. quality hydrochemical washing heating systems is performed once, this is enough for effective work systems for the long term.

Chemical flushing of heating systems increases its service life by 10-15 years, significantly increases the heat transfer of radiators. The effectiveness of such a procedure is comparable only with overhaul, but wins in cost. Chemical flushing of the heating system, the price of which is ten times lower, is an excellent alternative to overhaul.

There is only one drawback of this type of washing - the rather high toxicity of the drugs used. If the pipes are thin or their tightness is broken, then it is strictly forbidden to use this method, because. highly concentrated reagents can destroy their integrity and create an emergency. Aluminum batteries are not washed in this aggressive way.

Flushing the heating with chemicals must only be carried out experienced craftsmen. Do not try to do it yourself or entrust it to a novice amateur. The consequences can be the most unpredictable. Master plumbers of our company will successfully cope with such a task, pick up required composition and calculate the time. Flushing of heating systems, the cost of which is acceptable for our specialists, will help the customer to avoid additional costs.

Pneumohydropulse flushing - maximum effect

This type of cleaning is carried out with a special pneumatic device without dismantling the heating system. Under the influence of the apparatus, a pulsed kinetic wave and cavitation bubbles are formed in the coolant, which create a shock wave.

During the operation of the water heating system, lime scale forms on the inner surface of the walls of pipes and radiators, a layer of rust forms. Over time it will hinder normal operation heat supply. Therefore, periodic flushing of the heating system of a private house and apartment is needed, acts and samples of which are an integral part of the procedure.

The relevance of flushing heating

First of all, it is necessary to determine that the time has come to clean the heat supply from deposits. High-quality flushing of boilers and heating systems is necessary if malfunctions are clearly observed, the heat transfer of radiators and batteries has significantly decreased.

During the operation of heating, a coating forms on pipes and radiators, which includes rust (25%), lime deposits(60%) and components from oxides of copper and zinc (15%). To remove them, timely flushing of the heating system in a private house is necessary. According to the current regulations, the frequency of this procedure is determined. It depends on the material of manufacture of heat supply and the period of its operation. On average, the frequency of flushing the heating system by the hydraulic method is 1 time per year. Chemical cleaning is performed less frequently - 1 time in 5-7 years.

There are certain signs in the operation of heating that indicate the need for flushing:

• Reducing the calculated volume of coolant. This is due to a decrease in the cross section of the pipes due to the formed plaque;
• Heat dissipation is lower. If the heating radiators in the apartment have not been flushed for a long time, lime deposits will reduce the heat transfer rate of the battery;
• Frequent clogging of filters, breakdowns circulation pump . When a certain thickness is reached, the scale will begin to collapse. Its particles in the coolant will clog the filters, and may cause the pump to fail.

If at least one of the above signs is present, it is necessary to flush the heating system with your own hands or with the help of the services of specialized companies. But even if there are no deviations in the work of heat supply, this procedure should still be carried out. The recommended frequency of flushing the heating system was mentioned above.

If you want to clean the heat supply yourself, you will need a unit for flushing heating systems. It is best to rent it, as the purchase price will be high.

Hydraulic flushing of heating

One of the simplest and effective ways cleaning the inner surface of pipes and radiators is a hydraulic effect on limescale. This requires a compressor to flush the heating system with a filtration system.

The essence of this method is to create special equipment high water pressure, which destroys plaque on pipes and radiators. For this, a special liquid for flushing heating is not used. A feature of the technology is the use of hoses with nozzles. They have small nozzles that create the required water pressure.

In this way, it is impossible to remove scale from the entire system at once. First, heat supply areas are determined where you need to flush the heating system with your own hands. Then the inlet and outlet pipes from the pump are connected, forming closed loop. The degree of purification is controlled by clogging of the filter, which in without fail should be included with the compressor for flushing the heating system. Also, when choosing this cleaning method, you need to consider the following nuances:

• Pressure value. It must be at least 0.6 MPa. Otherwise, the plaque will not collapse, which will affect the effectiveness of the procedure;
• Pipe material. In the process of flushing boilers and heating systems, other components of the heat supply must not be affected. This can happen when the maximum pressure for metal-plastic and polypropylene lines is exceeded;
• Removal of air pockets. Before flushing the heating radiators in the apartment, you need to open the Mayevsky tap and wait for air to escape from the system. Only then can cleaning be carried out.

Despite the effectiveness of this method, it is not used often. This is due to the complexity and strict rules for performing the procedure. Therefore, most often used special solutions for flushing the heating system.

In order to avoid creating emergency situations, before connecting the compressor to flush the heating system, it is necessary to perform calculations of the main indicators - maximum pressure, head velocity, etc.

Chemical flushing of the heating system

Almost all types of deposits on pipes and radiators can be dissolved using special chemicals. Chemical flushing of the heating system is less laborious than hydraulic flushing and does not require sophisticated equipment.

The principle of this method is to destroy the sediment layer. Losing its homogeneity, it is divided into many small particles, which are then removed from the heating system.

To do this, it is necessary to use a special liquid for flushing heating, which will not have a destructive effect on pipes and radiators. Therefore, before cleaning, it is necessary to choose the right chemical solution.

There are two ways to chemically flush the heating system:

• Connected to the system. It is similar to hydraulic, except for the working environment. Instead of a descaling hose, a radiator cleaner is used. In this way, radiators and heat supply pipes are cleaned;
• Dismantling of heating elements. In this case, it will not be necessary to rent or purchase an installation for flushing heating systems. It is important to choose the right fluid. After dismantling the complex heat exchanger gas boiler it is placed in a container into which a solution is poured to flush the heating system. After a certain period of time, the heat exchanger is washed with water and re-installed in the boiler.

In most cases it is used special chemistry for flushing heating. Its composition is not disclosed by the manufacturer. But it is known that stonecrop is obtained most effectively when using inorganic acids in various proportions - hydrochloric, sulfuric and orthophosphoric. To improve the result, special additives and inhibitors are added to the chemistry for heating flushing. They form an additional layer on the inner surface steel pipes and radiators, protecting them from oxidation. At the end of the procedure, an act of flushing the heating system is necessarily drawn up, where these funds are indicated.

To neutralize the chemical impact on pipes and radiators, in some cases, before washing boilers and heat supply systems, calcined or baking soda. But this should be determined only by a specialist.

Rules for flushing heating in an apartment building

Compliance with the frequency of flushing the heating system in an apartment building is an important step in heating maintenance. However, not every tenant knows who should be responsible for this procedure and the procedure for its implementation.

It should be noted that the entire heating system in an apartment building is divided by ownership. Everything that is located in the apartment must be serviced by its owner. The Management Company is obliged to maintain the working condition of all other highways and elements, using special installations for flushing heat supply systems. In case of non-compliance with the rules of service, she bears full responsibility for the occurrence of emergencies or failures in heating.

To clean the heat supply, it is best to use chemicals to flush heating radiators and pipes. This can be done independently or with the help of specialized companies. They will be able to choose the right solutions for flushing the heating and carry out this procedure in accordance with established standards. After the cleaning is done, the document must be requested. A sample act for flushing the heating system can be taken in advance to familiarize yourself with it.

For the owner of the apartment, it is essentially not needed. This document may be required if, in the event of a heat supply failure, the Management Company tries to accuse the tenant of improperly flushing the radiators and heating pipes in the apartment. The presence of the act will indicate compliance with the performance standards. In other cases, filling out the act of flushing the heating system is done only when ordering the cleaning of the general house heat supply.

In the sample act of flushing the heating system, the following items must be completed:

• The selected cleaning method is chemical or hydraulic;
• Used means for flushing pipes and heating radiators - pumps, compressors, chemical components;
• The effect of cleaning is an increase in heat transfer, an increase in the quality of the system, saving thermal energy;
• Responsible organization and its representatives performing hydraulic or chemical washing heating system.

All these nuances should be displayed in the document. Residents of the house have the right to demand from Management Company the act of flushing the heating system to make sure it is performing its intended function.

The procedure for cleaning the heat supply system is performed before the start of the heating season, but until the pipes are filled with coolant. This must be taken into account when independently flushing the heating system in the apartment.

The procedure for flushing in autonomous heating

The autonomous heating system of a private house is most susceptible to the appearance limescale on pipes and radiators. Timely cleaning of the system will save its original parameters and prevent the occurrence of emergencies.

This procedure can be performed using chemical reagents or using a hydraulic cleaning method. If obvious and indirect signs indicate the need to flush the heating system in a private house, it is best to plan activities outside the heating season. According to the technology, after cleaning the heating, it is pressure tested and filled with a coolant. Therefore, flushing is done before starting the heat supply.

There are two ways to remove blockages from pipes and radiators - with their dismantling and non-separable. The first is used with a significant concentration of scale. The second method is easier and takes much less time.

Stages of flushing the heating system in a private house without dismantling:

1. Draining the coolant from the system. Its reuse is prohibited due to severe contamination.
2. Connecting flushing equipment– pump or compressor.
3. Filling the tank with liquid. Using chemical cleaning You must first read the instructions from the manufacturer. Restrictions on use must be taken into account.
4. Turning on the equipment and performing multiple wash cycles.
5. Filter control. If necessary, the cleaning fluid is replaced with a new one.
6. For chemical cleaning- obligatory flushing of the system with distilled water, if such a procedure is indicated by the manufacturer of the composition.

Correct execution of these steps ensures the normal operation of the system and the absence of blockages in pipes and radiators.

Chemical cleaning using compounds based on inorganic acids is prohibited for polymer pipes and aluminum radiators. In this case, it is recommended to use the hydraulic flushing method.

Prevention of blockages in heating

Often the reasons for the formation of a large amount of scale is the failure to comply with elementary means of heating protection. There are a number of factors that directly affect these processes. Knowing the causes of their occurrence and measures to prevent them can reduce the likelihood of blockages in the heat supply.

The main factor in the appearance of limescale in pipes and radiators is the poor-quality composition of the coolant. This is due large quantity salts and metals in water. Therefore, experts recommend using only distilled water as a coolant. But even in it, from time to time, foreign elements will appear - rust particles, degradation products of polymers. Therefore, before each heating season it is necessary to change the coolant to a new one.

Another reason for the appearance of plaque is the high content of oxygen in the water. In particular this applies open systems heating. Its presence increases the corrosion of metal elements, which subsequently form the main volume of pollution. To remove air from the heat supply of a private house, it is necessary to install a special filter.

Flushing the heating system is milestone her service. The performance of all components depends on the quality of this procedure. Therefore, before choosing a particular cleaning method, it should be analyzed whether it is suitable for a particular heat supply or not. In case of difficulty, it is recommended to consult a specialist.

The video shows an example of flushing a heating system in a public building:

Eliminate interruptions in the heating system high-rise buildings associated with clogged pipes and batteries, hydropneumatic flushing will help. The need for it is mandatory if extraneous noises are often heard from the batteries, or it is heated unevenly.

What is hydropneumatic flushing?

Among the existing methods of cleaning the heating system, it is used most often. The principle of such flushing is to pressurize compressed air into the heating system, which is completely filled with coolant. In this case, a slurry is formed inside the pipes and batteries, which is a bubbling compound between water and air, which is fed into the pipes in jolts. Such a pulse action on the walls leads to the destruction of deposits and scale. Which, after cleaning, are eliminated through the drain holes into the sewer.

The impulsivity and strength of the shocks is adjustable, so it can be changed step by step. The process continues until clean water appears from the drain. After that, the system must be pressure tested, which is necessary to check the system for tightness. Sometimes there are cases that after washing in places where there was scale, a leak forms. Previously such through holes were simply covered by deposits.

The scheme of such washing is shown in the diagram:

According to the rules in apartment buildings flushing is carried out once a year without fail. Owners of private houses carry out pipe cleaning only if the batteries begin to heat noticeably worse. For prevention, it is not advisable to carry it out, since it is required to pay for calling the appropriate power supply services.

Varieties of hydropneumatic flushing

Hydro-pneumatic flushing is of two types.

First method

The flow method assumes that the system will be completely filled with water:

• The air collector valve is in the open position.
• After the maximum filling of the heating pipeline, the valve closes, while the compressor pre-connected to the system pumps compressed air.
• The liquid, together with it, acting on the walls of the pipes, cleans them.
• All the contents of the pipes are discharged through the outlet pipe.

The end of flushing will be indicated by clean water without impurities coming out of the open pipe.

Second method

The filling method is similar to that described above, but with it the sequence of actions is somewhat different:

• Water is supplied through one pipe, and the valve on it closes.
• Compressed air is supplied through another pipe. It lasts about a quarter of an hour, and for lightly contaminated pipes in a small system, it may take only five minutes.
• The valve on the pipe, through which the air was supplied, closes, and the second one on the drain pipe opens, and water with impurities is removed through it.

After that, the system is washed several times with clean water.

Instructions for hydropneumatic flushing

It should be carried out regularly for individual risers or their groups. Before starting work, it is necessary to decide in which risers it will be done this time in order to install locking equipment at their ends.

The course of action is as follows:

• Remove the nozzles and diaphragms from the hydraulic elevator, if there is one in the system.
• Drain the circuit into the sewer to drain contaminated water.
• Conduct a thermal imaging survey internal surfaces radiators, if special equipment is available.
• Shut off the thermal valve located on the "return" pipe.
• Fill the system with water to remove air from it, with the air collector valve open. As soon as the system is full, the valve is closed.
• Connect the compressor to the metering valve, open the reset on the "return".
• Open the valve when the pressure on the compressor reaches 0.6 MPa;
• Close the risers and rinse them one by one. Flushing should be carried out until purified water comes out of the hose.
• Switch the heating circuit from supply to return. Flush all risers in reverse.

After the flushing process is completed, the system must be filled with water, as its pipes must not be left empty.

Washing equipment

It is chosen depending on chemical composition water in pipes, which is a coolant, the degree of contamination of pipes and batteries. The main unit for such washing is the compressor.

There are several of its models, the most popular are:

• CILLIT–BOY Station. This is modern device with electronic control. The cost of purchasing it can soon pay off, since such a unit can be used not only for flushing heating, but also for cleaning drinking water from bacteria, as well as maintenance of the "warm floor" system. When used for heating, compressed air and water are evenly supplied. Its washing power is enough not only to clean pipes and radiators, but also to remove scale from the inside of the heating boiler, which prolongs its life and increases the heating level.
• Rocal. This compact compressor is mainly used for washing copper and steel pipes. It can clean systems with a capacity of up to 300 liters. It maintains a constant pressure of 1 bar, and its performance, despite its small size, reaches 40 liters per minute.
• Ropulse. A powerful device that is used not only to flush the heating system, but also to purify the water going through the pipes to the house. It is permissible to use it for cleaning the "warm floor" and cleaning solar collectors from silt deposits. When purifying drinking water with such a device, not only rust and debris are removed from it, but also bacteria.
• Romantic 20. It is suitable for removing scale in heating pipes. It provides automatic regulation pulse interval. The head height reaches 10 meters, the pressure is 1.5 bar, and the performance is the same as in the Rokal installation. It can be used for systems whose volume does not exceed 300 liters.

A useful device to provide high-quality washing a thermal imager acts, but few can afford it, most often, a thermal imaging survey is ordered from private companies. Available among its counterparts is the Seek Thermal thermal imager with the following characteristics:

• the color screen displays an image at an angle of view of 36 degrees;
• on the lens of the device there is a focus ring;
• the shooting frequency reaches 9 Hz.

It can accurately determine the temperature of the heater and identify the most polluted places. Using the device, you can instantly get the entire thermal picture of the object.

Video: How does hydropneumatic flushing work?

To appreciate the difference between hydropneumatic flushing and chemical flushing, it is suggested to watch the following video:

Any heating system requires regular cleaning. The hydropneumatic flushing method is the most popular today. This is due to the fact that after it the heating system almost completely restores its throughput resulting in the most economical use of energy resources.