Hydrochemical cleaning of boilers. Flushing of heat exchangers of heating boilers

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Chemical flush gas boilers and heat exchangers

An essential condition for high performance and full-fledged functioning of boiler equipment is regular flushing. Chemical washing is usually applied to both household and industrial boilers. Minimize the corrosive effect on metal parts possible only with proper monitoring of the state of the boiler unit. If you neglect regular cleaning of the system, the heating capacity of the boiler will decrease, and scale will form on its inner surface.

Chemical washing is the most effective way cleaning, allowing you to maintain the performance of the boiler at the proper level.

Estimated cost of services

The cost of work is formed based on the model of the boiler, location, heat exchange surface area, water volume and degree of contamination.

The cost of work is formed based on the heat exchanger model, location, heat exchange surface area, water volume.

What explains the need to flush the boiler and heat exchange equipment chemicals?

In practice, the quality of water for heating networks does not correspond to established standards. Failure to comply with the regulations during the commissioning of the system starts the process of sedimentation of excess salt and other impurities on the surface of the pipes. Concerning hydraulic mode is disturbed, the useful volume of networks is reduced, which leads to a complete imbalance and threatens the integrity of the system. It is not possible to carry out mechanical cleaning of pipes and equipment due to the lack of technical capacity, so chemical flushing becomes almost the only and most effective method cleaning the system.

Stages of flushing boiler equipment:

1. Preliminary inspection of the inner surface and heating elements.
2. Determining the level of contamination and selection chemical reagents.
3. Direct washing of boiler equipment under the strict supervision of specialists.
4. Drawing up a report on the work done.

Chemical flushing of the boiler with a sludge level of more than 1500 g/m3 or with a content of silicic acid (sulphates) in sediments above 10% is carried out in two stages with preliminary alkalization before the acid stage.
If the amount of sludge working surface boiler unit is more than 3000 - 4000 g / m, an alternation of acid and alkaline treatment stages is required.
In certain cases, acid flushing of the boiler must be preceded by mechanical (hydrodynamic) flushing of sludge-laden areas, which makes it possible to get rid of porous and non-cemented deposits. In this case, the duration of cleaning and the amount of chemicals needed for effective flushing is significantly reduced.

Basic requirements for the chemical washing process:
- the use of safe detergents to avoid damage to the surfaces of the boiler;
- possibility efficient removal deposits without the formation of insoluble compounds.

Flushing of heat exchangers

Regular flushing will not only increase the performance of the heat exchanger and reduce the risk of defects on the working surfaces, but also prevent premature equipment failure.
Chemical flushing is necessary to clean the internal surfaces of the heat exchanger from harmful deposits that reduce the thermal conductivity of the system. Excessive pollution interferes with the productive operation of the heat exchanger and forces to take measures for artificial adjustment temperature regime. Regular flushing helps to avoid unforeseen accidents and damage to heat exchange equipment.

Chemical flushing of the heat exchanger is carried out in several stages:

1. The introduction of a solution with active substances into the heat exchanger, which, when reacting with deposits on internal surfaces split them and remove them from the unit.
2. Washing the plates of heat exchange equipment with water in order to remove the residual reagent. In case of inefficient flushing, active substances can react with the coolant, which will lead to damage to the equipment.
3. Alkaline washing of internal surfaces.
4. Hydraulic tests of the newly commissioned heat exchange equipment.

Examples of contamination of boiler surfaces

Samples of the maximum pollution extracted from the water part of the heating surfaces of the boiler

Boiler water path - scale deposits before and after boiler flushing

Smoke tubes

Connection of flame tube and tube plate

BOILER ERROR

The boiler works properly as long as it is clean. But in the process of work, pollution is sure to appear that disrupts the work, for the removal of which chemical washing of the boiler is necessary. Reagents and equipment are indispensable. Soot forms on top of the heat exchanger, but this is a disaster, it can be easily removed mechanically during the next maintenance. But scale and deposits form inside the heat exchanger. Only flushing the boiler with chemistry will remove all this.

Typical design of a gas boiler

What happens when the boiler gets dirty

For normal operation boiler, the rate of heat exchange between the flame and the coolant (usually water) is important. If an obstacle appears in the form of soot on top of the heat exchanger, and in the form of scale inside it, then, accordingly, more energy will fly into the pipe, and not indulge in the good deed of heating the home. Also, scale inside thin tubes reduces the clearance, slows down the movement of fluid.

At the same time, the general diagnosis for the boiler does not look too confident - “it heats worse”. But the losses from this do not decrease and the house does not become warmer.

When it's time to do a chemical flush of the heat exchanger

The fact is that there are no exact terms for chemical cleaning of the inside of the boiler, there are only general recommendations:

• for a system with water, flush every 3 years;
• for antifreeze - once every 2 years;

But often, even units that are not washed for 5–20 years work tolerably and do not particularly complain about anything. But only when there is water in the system and there was no serious water exchange.

If there were leaks and there was constant make-up, then not only the radiators suffered from deposits, but first of all the boiler. Therefore, it is necessary to realistically answer for a specific heating of the house, - “Isn't it time to flush the boiler?”.

Elements of boiler equipment can be significantly contaminated

Everyone knows that Coca-Cola (from The Coca-Cola Company) cleans scale, deposits. (if you do not trust, you can experiment and pour the drink somewhere on the deposits, for example, in the toilet bowl). But citric acid in high concentration fights scale more cheaply and more effectively. The one that is sold in bags in a culinary store, and in which everyone soaks heating elements from electric water heaters.

The same home craftsmen can do with the inside of the heat exchanger. The tank is closed to the boiler on both sides, the pump is manually turned on periodically, and “in theory” citric acid will eat up all the internal scale in the boiler system in all its nooks and crannies in a day.

Flushing with a booster

The specialists have special equipment for flushing boilers in private homes with the help of chemicals. The device is called a booster, it works in the same way as described above.

Booster consists of:

• a tank with a supply of reagent;
• a pump that drives this liquid through the boiler and through this tank;
• heating ten, which is necessary to speed up the process, because when heated, chemical reactions can accelerate significantly.

It remains to invite a specialist with such a device for cleaning the boiler with chemistry.

How is the boiler cleaned?

• The boiler is disconnected from the system and connected to the booster with two branch pipes, “inlet” and “outlet”.
• The booster and the boiler, combined into a small system, are filled with reagent, air is removed (the booster is above the boiler).
• The device turns on. A few hours is usually sufficient for high performance reagents.
• The liquid is drained from this system into special containers and must be sent for disposal.
• A flushing agent is poured into the system to destroy the acid. The booster system is flushed again with water.
• After turning off the booster, it is recommended to additionally drive water through the heat exchanger through the heat exchanger to remove all chemical residues, as they can be aggressive to the heating system.

The washed heat exchanger is reconnected to the heating system.

How is the boiler heat exchanger usually washed?

At the household level, concentrated water is more often used for chemical washing of the boiler. citric acid, which is not too dangerous and aggressive. But reactions take a long time (days), no one gives guarantees of complete success.

Specialists with boosters usually use more complex flushing compositions. Some of them can be dangerous, serious safety precautions are required when flushing the boiler with chemical solutions.

• Substance with adipic acid.
• Reagent based on sulfamic acid. Effective cleaner but requires flushing and care.
• Hydrochloric acid - on labor protection, and protection environment probably needless to say.

When washing boilers chemically, it is necessary to have overalls, goggles, rubber gloves.

Where to go for chemical cleaning of boiler equipment

In any locality, craftsmen with their know-how will be found, who will undertake to clean any boiler from anything for an inexpensive price. But here it is still recommended to contact service center carrying out warranty (technical) maintenance of this boiler. True, most likely, this procedure will seem to the owners not cheap. But much here is determined by security and environmental issues, for the solution of which hard-earned hard-earned money will have to be paid ...

One of the mandatory procedures, which aims to extend the life of the boiler plant, as well as to prevent the occurrence of emergencies, is the cleaning of hot water boilers and maintenance. This equipment is constantly exposed to the risk of contamination and scale formation on all internal surfaces of the boiler due to the constant action high temperatures that catalyze plaque formation. If scale forms in the boiler, it loses its ability to conduct heat normally and this leads to big expense electricity, and in the future to the failure of the system. In order to prevent repair or replacement of equipment, boilers should be regularly descaled.

The reason for the formation of scale in boilers is the high content of various pollutants in the water, such as dissolved iron and salt liquids, which settle on the hot surface of the boilers and this leads to the impossibility of their normal operation. In order to clear hot water boilers from scale, today they use different ways. The most widely used chemical and mechanical cleaning of hot water boilers, they allow you to remove most pollution. The choice of suitable cleaning methods for hot water boilers depends on the particular design of the boiler. For example, not suitable for soldered systems mechanical method, but at the same time, great attention should be paid to the degree of contamination of the boiler, because chemical cleaning cannot always cope with large quantity pollution. But, despite this, today, the most common method is chemical cleaning of hot water boilers, because it is this method that has the necessary efficiency and is an economically viable way to clean hot water boilers.

Chemical cleaning of hot water boilers refers to the treatment of contaminated surfaces with the help of special chemicals that destroy carbonate or any other deposits. Efficiency this method depends on two factors: on the choice of the optimal reagent for cleaning the boiler and on correct operation special equipment for cleaning boilers.

And cleaning is carried out only if there is specialized equipment for cleaning boilers, the main task of which is to supply a heated cleaning solution under a specific pressure to the system. It is necessary to control the temperature, as well as the pressure of the solution, this is due to the influence of these factors on the course of the reaction between scale and cleaning solution and on the efficiency of chemical cleaning of boilers.

For chemical cleaning of boilers, strong acids are used, which do an excellent job of dissolving most of the possible substances. For example, hydrochloric acid solutions are used to clean water-heating boilers from carbonate scale, and phosphoric acid solutions are used to remove metal oxides. Reagents for cleaning boilers are selected based on information about the composition of scale and taking into account the compatibility of reagents and the material from which certain parts of the boiler are made.

One more required condition in the chemical cleaning of hot water boilers - this is a special equipment for cleaning boilers. The main task of the equipment is to prepare, prepare and supply cleaning solutions to the system and to ensure the circulation of the solution in the system, as well as its subsequent removal. Equipment for cleaning hot water boilers consists of several elements. First of all, it includes a tank for, where the solution necessary for cleaning is located, a heating block that raises the temperature of the solution to the desired value, and a pump that supplies and removes the boiler cleaning solution from the system. In addition, the importance of the fact that high-quality cleaning boilers, the pump of the equipment must switch to the reverse flow mode, in which the spent solution will be removed from the system.

All elements of this equipment are made of chemically resistant materials because each piece of equipment is in contact with aggressive acids.

Over the past few years, sales of boiler equipment have increased by several points, in particular, the demand for equipment for cottages has increased. Boilers are equipment for heating private houses and for producing steam in industry. Purchasing power for such goods falls in the warm season - in spring and summer. This is due to the fact that by the onset of cold weather, many residents want to already have a fully functioning boiler equipment. AT cold winter such a plant is in active use, and in order to prolong its operational capacity, regular maintenance should be carried out. cleaning of heat exchangers. To choose the right desired method, you need to be guided by several indicators: the quality of the water used and the type of boiler equipment. The best thing boiler flushing will be implemented with an integrated approach.

Mechanical cleaning of boilers

mechanical cleaning heat exchangers is a process of washing equipment with water, which is supplied under high pressure. In order to carry out this event, it is necessary to disassemble the boiler into parts and rinse each one well. This method allows you to get rid of even severe corrosion and scale. Mechanical cleaning of boilers - not a very common method, although quite simple and effective. Main advantages:

1. High environmental friendliness of the method.
2. No need for chemicals.
3. No additional flushing of chemicals is required.

But we should not forget that this method requires additional time and effort for its implementation. To clean, you need to invite a specialist who has experience with such a unit. The professionalism of the worker will allow you to quickly and efficiently disassemble and assemble heating equipment.

Chemical cleaning of boilers

Chemical flushing of heat exchangers happens with the help special means- reagents. For this method, you need to invite a professional who has experience in handling chemicals. He will make a solution with the required concentration, which will cope with his task. After that, the boiler is rinsed with plain water. If necessary, the process can be repeated several times. The amount will depend on the complexity of scale on the walls of the heat exchanger. Chemical washing of boilers has the following advantages:

1. Work takes place without dismantling the equipment.
2. Chemical acids qualitatively relieve plaque.
3. You do not need to apply significant physical exertion for this method.

However, this method may not always be effective. It is not suitable for removing corrosion. For more serious sediments and deposits, chemical and physical cleaning of the boilers should be used together.

Repair of boiler equipment

At long-term operation any device or a separate part of it can fail. This needs to be repaired. The qualification of specialists will allow you to repair breakdowns of any complexity in boilers of different manufacturers. Even models of modern brands. The presence of special tools and apparatuses make it possible for quick and high-quality diagnostics of boiler equipment. No need to postpone the repair of heat exchangers for later. The sooner the repair process begins, the less time and money will be spent on it. Our company guarantees the quality of work and repairs in a short period of time.

The company "ASGARD-Service" carries out chemical washing of boilers of various types:

• Steam, hot water (by type of heat carriers);
• Gas, solid fuel, diesel (according to the type of fuel);
• Boiler equipment.

Figure 1. Boilers

The problem with boiler fouling is a periodic and inevitable phenomenon, corresponding to the fuel used, the type of heat carrier, and water treatment. When using diesel fuel, the pollution of the furnace space occurs 3 to 4 times faster than when using gas. Using solid fuel(wood/coal) boilers may be contaminated according to an even tighter schedule. The space filled with coolant is distinguished by other types of pollution (salts, rust, etc.). The occurrence of such situations affects the deterioration of the economic component of the enterprise and can lead to considerable losses.

Figure 2 and 3. Pollution on boilers.

Procedure for chemical washing of boilers

This method of cleaning boilers and boiler equipment is the simplest and most reliable. When performing it, specialists use acidic reagents that contribute to quick and high-quality loosening, removal of deposits, scale and other types of deposits from the walls of boilers. Each boiler manufacturer develops its own recommendations for the selection of cleaning agents. Therefore, guided by their recommendations, the necessary solution for washing is selected. The actions of our specialists are fully consistent with the documents of manufacturers, working documentation.

Figure 3. The result of cleaning.

All work on cleaning boilers is carried out by our specialists in accordance with RD 34.37.402-96 " standard instruction for operational chemical cleaning hot water boilers." This document states that all types of deposits can be cleaned using the following detergents: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, as well as sulfuric acid with ammonium hydrofluoride, sulfamic acid, low molecular weight acid concentrate (NMA).

With specific detergent our specialists are determined after agreement with the customer and identifying the degree of contamination of the equipment that needs cleaning. It should be noted that the use of any acidic solution is made in combination with a corrosion inhibitor to protect the metal of the boiler.

The cleaning procedure includes:

• Calculation required amount reagent corresponding to the volume of the boiler;
• Filling the reagent inside the boiler;
• Creation closed loop to circulate the solution.

During circulation, all types of deposits are separated, passing into solution and settling in an intermediate tank included in the flushing system. A few hours of work are enough to completely clean the boiler and prepare for work.

The time of the cleaning procedure corresponds to the degree of contamination of the boiler and can be either several hours or several days (to complete chemical reaction). These parameters are used to calculate the cost of work taking place at a particular facility.