What is the name of Chinese intelligence. Chinese intelligence services

After the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) was established on the basis of party intelligence, the department for special issues - foreign intelligence (Shehuibu) and military intelligence (Qinn Baobu).

In the mid-1950s, the Special Affairs Department was renamed the Bureau of Investigation of the Central Committee (Zhongyong Diaochabu). Then, in the early 80s, the Ministry of State Security (MGB) was organized on the basis of it, which already fully assumes the functions of foreign intelligence.

Today, the PRC intelligence services consist of three main structures: the intelligence services of the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of State Security. However, despite the fact that the official intelligence agency of China is the MGB, apart from it, a huge number of other state organizations are engaged in espionage activities, each of which performs its own scope of intelligence activities.

Army intelligence as part of the People's Liberation Army of China organizationally consists of the following: the second department of the General Staff of the PLA - undercover intelligence; the third department of the General Staff of the PLA - electronic intelligence, the fourth department of the General Staff of the PLA - radio intelligence. Also in the structure of the General Political Department of the PLA there is a Department of International Relations, the main task of which is propaganda and decomposition of the enemy armies.

It is impossible not to note the amazing dynamics of the development of PLA electronic intelligence, the qualitative and quantitative indicators of which in recent years have reached a fundamentally new level, corresponding to the standards of the best intelligence services in the world. According to Western experts, the Heritage Foundation Institute for Strategic Studies has prepared a report for the US Congress on the activities of special units of the People's Liberation Army of China in cyberspace, which poses a danger to the United States. Analysts identify two main areas of activity of Chinese units for conducting combat operations in cyberspace: "strength test" of the protection of networks of the defense department and the US intelligence community and theft of advanced technologies. The PLA successfully uses the integration of corporations under its control into the American IT industry.

Experts say that in recent years, the number of online attacks carried out by the Chinese military on the American information and telecommunications infrastructure, has tripled. As before, the PLA chose the computer systems of the US armed forces as the main object of influence. They accounted for more than 80,000 attacks, which allowed the attacker to send 20 terabytes of sensitive data from the NIRPNet network to their servers, as well as develop and implement software to disable it remotely. The US Department of Homeland Security has recorded the fact of unauthorized copying of confidential information from its own network, which, according to the Heritage Foundation, was carried out via the Internet by PLA specialists. Canadian scientists have discovered a network of electronic spies, located mainly in China, that monitor the contents of computers located in government offices around the world. The spyware tracked the contents of 1,295 computers in 103 countries, according to scientists at the University of Toronto.

The Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, according to experts, strictly and quite effectively controls the situation inside the country. The system of total investigation that has been created makes it possible to keep all sections of society under constant surveillance, including the politically unreliable part of the population.

In the course of the fight against dissidents and dissent, the MOB practices various methods. For example, the creation of illegal anti-government organizations, where potential conspirators and dissidents flock like moths to a fire.
In the troubled national regions of China, such as the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region or Tibet, the MOB applies a whole range of operational measures in the best traditions of the Soviet KGB. Among them are the creation of nationalist organizations controlled by the MPS that act on behalf of the Uyghur rebels; bribing local authorities; pitting various national minorities against each other, harsh suppression of any manifestations of open discontent.
For top secret operations in the MOB there is an elite special forces "Black Berets". In general, the work of the Ministry of Defense of the People's Republic of China allows the Chinese leadership to maintain internal stability in the Celestial Empire.

In 1983, a new special service, the MGB (Guoanbu), was created in the PRC. When Deng Xiaoping chose the Chinese reform strategy in the mid-1980s, a global program for obtaining financial resources and advanced technologies was developed in the bowels of the MGB. The Chinese leader liked this program so much that he made a strategic decision to prioritize financing and strengthening the Ministry of State Security as an instrument for ensuring radical reforms in the PRC. The consequences of that decision are still felt today.

Service in the state security is considered one of the most prestigious and highly paid in China. The number of its employees today exceeds 300 thousand people. The MGB has trained personnel and is well equipped with the latest technical equipment from the USA, Japan and Europe. It is the Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China that is entrusted with the task of extracting new technologies and inflowing financial resources into the economy of the People's Republic of China. Moreover, economic and scientific espionage is a priority. State security officers are engaged in strengthening China's position in all important regions of the world for the country. To carry out especially important events (both abroad and within the country), the MGB created its own military units of the "people's guard" and the sabotage team "Ju No. 5".

It was in the bowels of the Ministry of State Security of the PRC that a strategy was developed based on working with agents within the Chinese diasporas around the world. In accordance with this strategy, Chinese intelligence penetrated the state apparatus and law enforcement agencies of many countries through the multi-million Chinese communities, gaining the opportunity to influence decisions. Thus, according to experts, the Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China controls the main information and financial flows, as well as many branches of legal and illegal business in the countries of Southeast Asia. This strategy earned Chinese intelligence the laurels of the third most powerful in the world.

The Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China has established partnerships with the intelligence services of Germany, Iran, France, Cuba and Israel. In its operations in the Arab countries, Chinese intelligence coordinates the efforts and relies on the support of Israeli intelligence. Of particular interest is the cooperation of the Ministry of State Security of the PRC with Cuban intelligence, which has an extensive network of agents in the southwestern and western states of America and exchanges information with Chinese intelligence, which has historically established itself on the eastern Pacific coast of the United States.

Distinctive features of the work of Chinese special services are a global, systematic approach, massive use of forces and means in key areas, maintaining the most severe discipline in residencies, non-ideological interaction with forces whose interests at this stage coincide with those of China.
Chinese intelligence is rapidly entering the club of world spy powers, actively assimilating modern methods of conducting intelligence wars. Like other powers, the PRC conducts special operations around the world and fights hard for zones of influence. Today, we can say with certainty that Chinese espionage has covered half of the globe.

One of the priority directions of the work of the Chinese special services is Russia. The Chinese hunt literally for everything related to the Russian military-industrial complex. Moreover, Chinese spy networks are not limited to the Russian Far East, and it is no longer a secret that China's intelligence is working throughout Russia. China is also very actively interested in Russian oil. The scale of Chinese intelligence activities in the field of the Russian fuel and energy complex and the dynamics of growth in activity in this sector are such that one can already speak of the oil and gas industry as the second strategic direction of work of Chinese special services in Russia after the defense industry.

The most active Chinese intelligence in the United States. Evaluating the official data of the FBI, we can conclude that the United States is literally flooded with Chinese spies. Numerous Chinese diaspora, a large number of students, entrepreneurs, scientists from China permanently residing in the United States, greatly simplify the task of China's intelligence services. Chinese intelligence officers are successfully introducing agents into the ranks of the personnel of the offices of American companies, military bases and national laboratories. Thus, Chinese intelligence actively uses legal and shell companies in America to obtain information of interest: in 2002, more than two thousand Chinese companies were registered there, which, according to the US intelligence services, are controlled by the PLA, and consequently, by the military intelligence of China. These commercial organizations are a very effective tool for economic and military intelligence; only spying on the contacts of their employees requires such an amount of forces and means that the counterintelligence services of no country are simply physically unable to provide in order to withstand information leaks.

Over the past decades, Chinese espionage has penetrated not only the United States and Russia, but also Europe. China's spies are primarily interested in European companies that develop the latest technologies in telecommunications, medicine, and finance. The rise of Chinese industrial and economic espionage is a growing concern among European industry leaders. However, the governments of European countries are in no hurry to make these cases widely publicized and recommend their intelligence agencies to act with the utmost discretion. The countries of Western and Central Europe are afraid to jeopardize the conclusion of lucrative contracts with China, in particular, the supply of the latest A380 superliner capable of carrying up to 800 passengers to China. Therefore, espionage cases tend to be hushed up, and they rarely become public knowledge and reach the court. The Chinese understand this, so the Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China is acting in Europe more and more boldly and actively.

African countries and the Middle East occupy a special place in the work of Chinese intelligence services. These regions are rich in those types of raw materials that are of paramount importance for China's industry. One of the strategic tasks of the Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China is to establish control over the oil-bearing regions on the eve of the global energy crisis.
India and Southeast Asia are of great interest to China's special services. India is considered China's competitor on the Asian continent, and Southeast Asia is traditionally viewed by China as a springboard for the strategic consolidation of the Celestial Empire in the region and further development on the path to global leadership.

It is no secret that the West is not enthusiastic about the growing influence of Beijing, which is pursuing its own national policy. China is one of the few parts of the planet that is not under the control of the "new world order" to any extent. The United States cannot dictate its terms here, and the PRC has proved this more than once. At the same time, China's enemies are trying to create centers of instability on its territory, in particular, ethnic and religious separatism. The secret services of the West have repeatedly tried to "blow up" the Celestial Empire from the inside. However, all attempts ended in failure. Largely because today China can be called the country with the toughest counterintelligence regime. Here, along with the traditional areas of counterintelligence, it is necessary to note the special attitude of the authorities to control over the Internet. In China, since the beginning of 2006, there has been a special police department designed to control the World Wide Web. Internet cops monitor online forums totally and control what they say. The Chinese authorities, in addition to controlling the content of the Internet within the country, adhere to a policy of strict filtering of the contents of the world's Internet resources - most of them are "not visible" from China. All this is the result of the work of the Chinese leadership to curb Western influence in China. To a large extent, these events were due to the "color revolutions" of 2000-2004, which took place in the post-Soviet space and in Europe.

Today, many experts predict that China will become a new major player on the world stage. Factors such as a long period of high economic development, expanding military capabilities, active adoption of high technology and a rapid increase in population, together will create conditions for the rapid growth of China's economic and political power.

What scenario the development of great China will follow, time will tell. Much will be determined by the foreign policy of the leading world powers.

However, to a greater extent, the fate of the Celestial Empire will still depend on the decisions made by the Chinese leadership.

And in order for these decisions to be strategically correct and as effective as possible, on The service of the PRC is one of the most numerous and effective intelligence agencies in the world - Chinese intelligence.

The history of the intelligence services of the PRC dates back to 1928, when a party intelligence service was created under the Communist Party of China - the Special Committee of the CPC Central Committee, similar to the Soviet OGPU. Its functions included the protection of the party and its governing bodies, intelligence, sabotage and information work. A special department was created under the committee, responsible for the security of the leadership of the Central Committee of the party. The founder and first head of the Special Committee was Zhou Enlai. Then the work of the special services of communist China was led by the "Chinese Beria" Kang Sheng.

The Special Department of the CPC Central Committee consisted of four sectors. The first sector carried out general management and coordinated the activities of the other sectors. The second sector was engaged in the collection of information and intelligence activities within the Kuomintang. He introduced agents into the Kuomintang structures. At one time, the Second Sector was divided into two parts: military intelligence and political intelligence. The third sector directed the actions of a special detachment for the protection of underground organizations and their personnel, as well as punished provocateurs and traitors. The fourth sector was engaged in communication and information transfer.

At the end of 1939, the NKVD of the USSR and the GRU began to create an intelligence network in China. So, on the territory of Yan'an, the selection and training of the Chinese in intelligence and counterintelligence activities was organized. A secret intelligence school called "East Munich Institute" was opened. This top secret school was located on the outskirts of the city of Yan'an, in a date garden, where students and teachers lived in dozens of caves. They were supposed to study at the intelligence school for about a year. Each course consisted of about three hundred students, whose names were strictly classified. The students were carefully selected by the CCP in China and by the leadership of the Comintern in Moscow.

It was these people who carried out sabotage work against the Japanese and Chiang Kai-shek, were engaged in the elimination of enemy agents, and at the same time carried out purges in the Communist Party, eliminating pro-Soviet communists, employees of the Comintern, as well as any critics of Mao Zedong's policy. In the areas controlled by the CCP, brutal torture, murder, and kidnapping were commonplace. Even advisers from the Ministry of State Security of the USSR were shocked by the work of the communist special services.

Zhang Wentian wrote that "in a number of areas, the Red Terror turned into indiscriminate killings, since "some comrades believe that "killing one or two by mistake is not a problem," or "the more we kill, the better." However, not a single person dared to correct these errors; even responsible organizations, seeing arbitrariness, did not interfere. Everyone was afraid of being accused of interfering with right-wing opportunism or conciliation towards the landowners and capitalists. So, in one night, the people of Kang Sheng exterminated the entire "opportunist" regional committee in Jiangxi. In another case, in Lundong County, a "whole organization" of more than 200 Chiang Kai-shek people was discovered and destroyed in two weeks. Then the employees of the Special Department tried to poison Wang Mang, who competed with Mao for power in the party. On the conscience of Kang Sheng is the kidnapping of the famous communist Gao Gang. Such endless purges in the office of Kang Sheng came up with a special name - "Cheng-Fyn".

After the formation of the People's Republic of China, on the basis of party intelligence, the Ministry of Public Security (MPS), the Department of Social Affairs - Foreign Intelligence (Shehuibu) under Kang Sheng and Military Intelligence (Qing Baobu) under Zhou Enlai were established.

In the mid-1950s, the Social Affairs Department was renamed the Bureau of Investigation of the Central Committee (Zhongyong Diaochabu). Then, in the early 80s, the Ministry of State Security (MGB) was organized on the basis of Zhongyun Diaochabu, which takes over the functions of foreign intelligence. It was also led by Kang Sheng, after him Jiao Shi (later head of the PRC Parliament), Chang Chemin and other Chinese intelligence officers. In addition, a single body coordinating all these services was created, personally subordinated to Mao Zedong and called in the Latin spelling CELD (Central Control of Security and External Relations).

To protect the most important institutions of the CPC Central Committee and the areas where the leaders of the CPC lived, a special military unit No. 8341 was created. It was directly subordinate to the Military Council of the CPC Central Committee. The selection for this unit was very tough, the most stringent requirements were imposed on candidates. It is said that at first Mao Zedong personally selected applicants. It was the most reliable part of the PLA.

Officers from the KGB of the USSR became advisers to the new special services. But Chinese intelligence officers will keep their colleagues from Lubyanka at a respectful distance, only indirectly initiating them into their operations. Soon, the Chinese special services were freed from the custody of the "big" brother.

During the years of the "cultural revolution", various "great leaps" and all sorts of excesses, it was the MGB and the MOB that were assigned repressive functions. Hundreds of thousands of communists, intellectuals and ordinary citizens of the PRC, dissatisfied with the policies of Mao Zedong, were killed or imprisoned and labor camps. During this period, the MPs and the Ministry of State Security of the PRC killed Mao's opponents, the communists Gao Gang, Zhao Shushi and Liu Shaoqi; the aged Emperor Puyi was poisoned. A task force was set up to deal with the Deng Xiaoping case. Quite a lot of materials have been published about torture and atrocities committed by members of the Chinese special services. It is impossible to count how many innocent people were killed there, how many were tortured and crippled on orders from above during interrogations under torture. The writer Viktor Usov cites an episode when one of the teachers at Peking University, unable to withstand the insults and humiliation, cruel treatment and torture, decided that it was better to die than to live like this, and in the end, after the first unsuccessful suicide attempt, he made a second one, which also turned out to be unsuccessful, and then the third and fourth attempts; he threw himself down from the roof of a building, cut off his hand, tried to kill himself with an electric shock. How it was necessary to bring a person to go to all this!

The peak of the activation of the special services of the PRC came in the 60-70s, when their leader was Hua Guofeng. China's intelligence agencies have been accused of killing defectors from their intelligence and dissidents at home and abroad. Information was leaked to the media that the MPS was involved in the explosion of a plane with the family of Chinese Defense Minister Lin Biao, who was trying to organize a conspiracy of generals against Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. At the same time, MGB officer Yao Mingli, who defected to the West, claimed that after the elimination of the Jade Tower army conspiracy, the MGB shot Lin Biao and his associates at their villa in Beijing, and only Lin Biao's son, Lin, who tried to escape to the USSR, died on the plane. Lago. During this period, several Tibetan and Uyghur national leaders were killed during special operations by the Chinese special services. Hua Guofeng himself, after the death of Mao, tried to seize power by joining the Gang of Four. But he was arrested by order of Deng Xiaoping and died in custody. According to other sources, he was killed in prison.

To date, the intelligence services of the PRC consist of three main structures: the Ministry of Public Security (MPS), the Ministry of State Security (MGB) and the Intelligence Service of the People's Liberation Army of the PRC. However, despite the fact that China's official intelligence agency is the Ministry of State Security, a huge number of other state organizations are engaged in espionage activities, each of which performs its own scope of intelligence activities. But the main ones are the MGB and the MOB.

The Ministry of Public Security (MPS) of the People's Republic of China is located at 14 Dongchanan Road in Beijing. Initially, it was headed by the head of Mao's personal guard, Wang Dongxing. Then for a long time the Minister of Public Security was, as mentioned above, a well-known member of the "gang of four" Hua Guofeng. It is the Ministry of Defense of the People's Republic of China that carries out counterintelligence activities and the functions of political investigation, and also develops criminal and political crimes. Its tasks include the identification and suppression of terrorist acts, the subversive activities of foreign intelligence services, the fight against dissidents and various sects, such as Falun Gong.

According to experts, the Ministry of Defense of the People's Republic of China strictly and quite effectively controls the situation inside the country. Thanks to the effective measures taken, the MPS was able to control organized crime. The system of total investigation that has been created makes it possible to keep all sections of society under constant surveillance, including the politically unreliable part of the population.

According to the Slavic World agency, “every foreigner who comes to the country for a relatively long period of time is under constant intelligence, external and technical surveillance (almost all hotel rooms for foreigners have hidden video cameras that record what is happening inside). A significant part of the urban population employed in various service sectors are paid agents of the MPS. Service in the police is considered prestigious, police officers act decisively, including in relation to foreigners.”

In the course of the fight against dissidents and dissent, the MOB practices various methods. For example, the creation of illegal anti-government organizations, where potential conspirators and dissidents flock like moths to a fire. It is worth noting that, thanks to the work of the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of State Security of the PRC, a significant part of the funds sent by the US CIA to finance anti-government organizations in China ended up in the "pocket" of the Chinese special services; in other words, the CIA provided material assistance to the PRC MOB.

In the troubled national regions of China, such as the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region or Tibet, the MOB uses a whole range of operational measures, in the best traditions of the Soviet KGB. Among them are the creation of nationalist organizations controlled by the MPS that act on behalf of the Uyghur rebels; bribing local authorities; pitting various national minorities against each other, harsh suppression of any manifestations of open discontent. The MPS has already brought the insurgency to a halt in Xinjiang.

For top secret operations in the MOB there is an elite special forces "Black Berets". Also in the public security system there is a special anti-terrorist unit "Vostok", stationed near the Beijing Airport, the full name of which is "Anti-Terrorist Unit of the Special Purpose Police No. 722 MOB of the Institute for the Training of Special Forces Fighters." The Institute itself was founded in 1983. Over the 24 years of its existence, it has released more than a thousand people, most of whom became special forces instructors. The degree of preparation can be evidenced by the fact that during all this time only three graduates received a diploma with honors.

Thus, the reasonable and rigid organization of the work of the Ministry of Defense of the PRC allows the Chinese leadership to maintain internal stability in the Celestial Empire, during a period of political and economic reforms vital for the empire. In 1989, MPS officers played the first fiddle in the brutal crackdown on youth riots and the Tiananmen Square massacre.

In 1983, a new special service, the MGB (Guoanbu), was created in the PRC. The number of its employees exceeds 300 thousand people. Service in the state security is considered one of the most prestigious and highly paid in China. The MGB has trained personnel and is well equipped with the latest technical equipment from the USA, Japan and Europe. It is the Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China that is entrusted with the task of extracting new technologies and inflowing huge financial resources into the economy of the People's Republic of China. Moreover, economic and scientific espionage is a priority. State security officers are engaged in strengthening China's position in all important regions of the world for the country. In order to successfully fulfill the tasks assigned to it, the Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China has developed completely new and quite effective methods of work. Moreover, to carry out especially important events, both abroad and within the country, the MGB created its own military units of the "people's guard" and the sabotage team Ju No. 5.

In addition, there are also special units in the system of Chinese special services, about which practically nothing is known, there is only separate fragmentary information. For example, the anti-terror units "Panther" and "Snow Wolf". This is the elite of the special forces, the best of the best, the applicants undergo a rigorous selection and multi-level training. After it, they are able to carry out any tasks set by the Chinese leadership.

It was in the bowels of the Ministry of State Security of the PRC that a strategy was developed based on working with agents within the Chinese diaspora around the world. This strategy earned Chinese intelligence the laurels of the third most powerful in the world. Through the multi-million Chinese communities, Chinese intelligence has penetrated the state apparatus and law enforcement agencies of many countries and has the ability to influence decisions. Thus, according to experts, the Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China controls many branches of legal and illegal business in the countries of Southeast Asia and the main information and financial flows. A significant number of newspapers, television and radio channels have been acquired by Chinese intelligence agents and officers through shell companies. Through the controlled media, the Chinese Ministry of State Security is actively shaping public opinion in the region in a way that is beneficial to the leadership of the PRC.

The Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China has established partnerships with the intelligence services of Germany, Iran, France, Cuba and Israel. Chinese intelligence in its operations in the Arab countries coordinates the efforts and relies on the support of the Israeli intelligence Mossad and the Iranian intelligence MIT.

So, several units of the Chinese elite Bureau of Special Services (BSU) were training on the territory of one of the Israeli secret military bases. The PRC has granted special powers to the Mossad bases located in Turpan and Kashgar (Xinjiang Autonomous Region), allowing them to assess the activities of Islamic terrorists in China.

An anti-terrorist agreement was signed between the Chinese special services and the Mossad, on the terms that the Israeli secret service will place its base in China for a period of 5 years, and China, in turn, will acquire equipment for the intelligence service under Israeli control.

The Chinese Ministry of State Security and the German BND have exchanged officially accredited residents and are successfully establishing joint activities, primarily in the Asian region. BND residencies are allowed to work jointly with PRC MGB residencies in the states of South and East Asia.

Chinese intelligence officers are being trained at the BND center in Pullah. French intelligence is following a similar path. One of the important areas of application of the joint efforts of the special services of China and Germany is the work in the countries of Central Asia, including in the republics of the former USSR. Since the main bases of Muslim separatists engaged in subversive activities in the PRC are the territories of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, China is not interested in strengthening the statehood of these republics as poles of attraction for the respective national minorities in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the PRC. Of particular interest is the cooperation of the PRC Ministry of State Security with Cuban intelligence, which has an extensive network of agents in the southwestern and western states of America and exchanges information with Chinese intelligence, which has historically established itself on the eastern, Pacific coast of the United States.

Distinctive features of the work of Chinese intelligence services are a global, systematic approach, massive use of forces and means in key strategic areas, the absence of an information bias (a reasonable combination of collecting and analyzing information with an active impact on the political, financial, economic, socio-demographic and military-technical situation in the regions of operation and long-term interests of China), maintaining the most severe discipline in the residencies, coordinating all work from a single center, in which the main system-analytical and development potential is concentrated, non-ideologized interaction with forces whose interests at this stage coincide with the Chinese.

And yet, during the years of Deng Xiaoping's liberal reforms, China's intelligence services somewhat reduced their aggressive activities. For example, in 1994, under pressure from the United States, the MPS released a secretly kidnapped Hong Kong citizen, Harry Wu, from prison. Deng Xiaoping and the new Chinese President Jiang Zemin, who replaced him, even decided on some reforms in the secret services. According to media reports, only in 1998-1999. for corruption and covering up criminal businessmen, several dozen officers of the Ministry of State Security and the Ministry of Defense were arrested, including the deputy head of the Ministry of Defense, Li Jizhou.

Chinese intelligence officers who went to the West told a lot about the secret activities of the MGB and the MOB. For example, Kim Pekao spoke about the terrible system of torture in the MOB and medical experiments on detainees. The Chinese spies Qun Xiexu, Zhen Menkao, Wing Wu and others, who were arrested in Europe and the USA, also told a lot.

From the defectors from the PRC, the world learned about the connections of Beijing intelligence officers with left-wing terrorist movements, especially with its Maoist factions. The MGB supported Maoist guerrillas in Malaysia and the Philippines, the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, Sendero Luminoso in Peru, and a number of African groups.

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Secret Army of the Celestial Empire

What is Chinese intelligence? What is the scale of Chinese espionage? What are Chinese intelligence officers doing in Europe, Africa and the Middle East? We tried to answer these and other questions in the material about one of the most secret special services in the world, guarding the interests of the most numerous people.

The history of China's intelligence services dates back to 1928. It was then that under the Communist Party of China, party intelligence was created - a special committee of the CPC Central Committee, similar to the Soviet OGPU. His functions included the protection of the governing bodies of the party, intelligence, sabotage and information work. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, on the basis of party intelligence, the Ministry of Public Security (MPS), the department for special issues - foreign intelligence (Shehuibu) and military intelligence (Qinn Baobu) was established.
In the mid-1950s, the Special Affairs Department was renamed the Bureau of Investigation of the Central Committee (Zhongyong Diaochabu). Then, in the early 80s, the Ministry of State Security (MGB) was organized on the basis of it, which already fully assumes the functions of foreign intelligence.
Today, the PRC intelligence services consist of three main structures: the intelligence services of the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of State Security. However, despite the fact that the official intelligence agency of China is the MGB, apart from it, a huge number of other state organizations are engaged in espionage activities, each of which performs its own scope of intelligence activities.
Army intelligence as part of the People's Liberation Army of China organizationally consists of the following: the second department of the General Staff of the PLA - undercover intelligence; the third department of the General Staff of the PLA - electronic intelligence, the fourth department of the General Staff of the PLA - radio intelligence. Also in the structure of the General Political Department of the PLA there is a Department of International Relations, the main task of which is propaganda and decomposition of the enemy armies. It is impossible not to note the amazing dynamics of the development of PLA electronic intelligence, the qualitative and quantitative indicators of which in recent years have reached a fundamentally new level, corresponding to the standards of the best intelligence services in the world. According to Western experts, the Heritage Foundation Institute for Strategic Studies prepared a report for the US Congress -Chinese Liberation Army in cyberspace, posing a danger to the United States. Analysts identify two main areas of activity of Chinese units for conducting combat operations in cyberspace: "strength test" of the protection of networks of the defense department and the US intelligence community and theft of advanced technologies. The PLA successfully uses the integration of corporations under its control into the American IT industry. Experts say that in recent years, the number of online attacks carried out by the Chinese military on the American information and telecommunications infrastructure has tripled. As before, the PLA chose the computer systems of the US armed forces as the main object of influence. They accounted for more than 80,000 attacks, which allowed the attacker to send 20 terabytes of sensitive data from the NIRPNet network to their servers, as well as develop and implement software to disable it remotely. The US Department of Homeland Security has recorded the fact of unauthorized copying of confidential information from its own network, which, according to the Heritage Foundation, was carried out via the Internet by PLA specialists. Canadian scientists have discovered a network of electronic spies, located mainly in China, that monitor the contents of computers located in government offices around the world. The spyware tracked the contents of 1,295 computers in 103 countries, according to scientists at the University of Toronto.
The Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, according to experts, strictly and quite effectively controls the situation inside the country. The system of total investigation that has been created makes it possible to keep all sections of society under constant surveillance, including the politically unreliable part of the population.
In the course of the fight against dissidents and dissent, the MOB practices various methods. For example, the creation of illegal anti-government organizations, where potential conspirators and dissidents flock like moths to a fire.
In the troubled national regions of China, such as the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region or Tibet, the MOB applies a whole range of operational measures in the best traditions of the Soviet KGB. Among them are the creation of nationalist organizations controlled by the MPS that act on behalf of the Uyghur rebels; bribing local authorities; pitting various national minorities against each other, harsh suppression of any manifestations of open discontent.
For top secret operations in the MOB there is an elite special forces "Black Berets". In general, the work of the Ministry of Defense of the People's Republic of China allows the Chinese leadership to maintain internal stability in the Celestial Empire.
In 1983, a new special service, the MGB (Guoanbu), was created in the PRC. When Deng Xiaoping chose the strategy of Chinese reforms in the mid-80s, a global program for obtaining financial resources and advanced technologies was developed in the bowels of the MGB. The Chinese leader liked this program so much that he made a strategic decision to prioritize financing and strengthening the Ministry of State Security as an instrument for ensuring radical reforms in the PRC. The consequences of that decision are still felt today.
Service in the state security is considered one of the most prestigious and highly paid in China. The number of its employees today exceeds 300 thousand people. The MGB has trained personnel and is well equipped with the latest technical equipment from the USA, Japan and Europe. It is the Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China that is entrusted with the task of extracting new technologies and inflowing financial resources into the economy of the People's Republic of China. Moreover, economic and scientific espionage is a priority. State security officers are engaged in strengthening China's position in all important regions of the world for the country. To carry out especially important events (both abroad and within the country), the MGB created its own military units of the "people's guard" and the sabotage team Ju No. 5.
It was in the bowels of the Ministry of State Security of the PRC that a strategy was developed based on working with agents within the Chinese diasporas around the world. In accordance with this strategy, Chinese intelligence penetrated the state apparatus and law enforcement agencies of many countries through the multi-million Chinese communities, gaining the opportunity to influence decisions. Thus, according to experts, the Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China controls the main information and financial flows, as well as many branches of legal and illegal business in the countries of Southeast Asia. This strategy earned Chinese intelligence the laurels of the third most powerful in the world.
The Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China has established partnerships with the intelligence services of Germany, Iran, France, Cuba and Israel. In its operations in the Arab countries, Chinese intelligence coordinates the efforts and relies on the support of the Israeli intelligence Mossad and Iranian intelligence MIT.
Of particular interest is the cooperation of the Ministry of State Security of the PRC with Cuban intelligence, which has an extensive network of agents in the southwestern and western states of America and exchanges information with Chinese intelligence, which has historically established itself on the eastern Pacific coast of the United States.
Distinctive features of the work of Chinese special services are a global, systematic approach, massive use of forces and means in key areas, maintaining the most severe discipline in residencies, non-ideological interaction with forces whose interests at this stage coincide with those of China.
Chinese intelligence is rapidly entering the club of world spy powers, actively assimilating modern methods of conducting intelligence wars. Like other powers, the PRC conducts special operations around the world and fights hard for zones of influence. Today, we can say with certainty that Chinese espionage has covered half of the globe.
One of the priority areas of work of the Chinese special services is Russia. The Chinese hunt literally for everything related to the Russian military-industrial complex. Moreover, Chinese spy networks are not limited to the Russian Far East, and it is no longer a secret that China's intelligence works throughout the entire territory of our country. China is very actively interested in Russian oil as well.. The scale of Chinese intelligence activities in the field of the Russian fuel and energy complex and the dynamics of growth in activity in this sector are such that one can already speak of the oil and gas industry as the second strategic direction of the work of Chinese special services in Russia after the defense industry.
The most active Chinese intelligence in the United States. Evaluating the official data of the FBI, we can conclude that the United States is literally flooded with Chinese spies. Numerous Chinese diaspora, a large number of students, entrepreneurs, scientists from China permanently residing in the United States, greatly simplify the task of China's intelligence services. Chinese intelligence officers are successfully introducing agents into the ranks of the personnel of the offices of American companies, military bases and national laboratories. Thus, Chinese intelligence actively uses legal and shell companies in America to obtain information of interest: in 2002, more than two thousand Chinese companies were registered there, which, according to the US intelligence services, are controlled by the PLA, and consequently, by the military intelligence of China. These commercial organizations are a very effective tool for economic and military intelligence; only spying on the contacts of their employees requires such an amount of forces and means that the counterintelligence services of no country are simply physically unable to provide in order to withstand information leaks.
Over the past decades, Chinese espionage has penetrated not only the United States and Russia, but also Europe. China's spies are primarily interested in European companies that develop the latest technologies in telecommunications, medicine, and finance. The rise of Chinese industrial and economic espionage is a growing concern among European industry leaders. However, the governments of European countries are in no hurry to make these cases widely publicized and recommend their intelligence agencies to act with the utmost discretion. The countries of Western and Central Europe are afraid to jeopardize the conclusion of lucrative contracts with China, in particular, the supply of the latest A380 superliner capable of carrying up to 800 passengers to China. Therefore, espionage cases tend to be hushed up, and they rarely become public knowledge and reach the court. The Chinese understand this, so the Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China is acting in Europe more and more boldly and actively.
African countries and the Middle East occupy a special place in the work of Chinese intelligence services. These regions are rich in those types of raw materials that are of paramount importance for China's industry. One of the strategic tasks of the Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China is to establish control over the oil-bearing regions on the eve of the global energy crisis.
India and Southeast Asia are of great interest to China's special services. India is considered China's competitor on the Asian continent, and Southeast Asia is traditionally viewed by China as a springboard for the strategic consolidation of the Celestial Empire in the region and further development on the path to global leadership.
It is no secret that the West is not enthusiastic about the growing influence of Beijing, which is pursuing its own national policy. China is one of the few parts of the planet that is not under the control of the "new world order" to any extent. The United States cannot dictate its terms here, and the PRC has proved this more than once. At the same time, China's enemies are trying to create centers of instability on its territory, in particular, ethnic and religious separatism. The secret services of the West have repeatedly tried to "blow up" the Celestial Empire from the inside. However, all attempts ended in failure. Largely because today China can be called the country with the toughest counterintelligence regime. Here, along with the traditional areas of counterintelligence, it is necessary to note the special attitude of the authorities to control over the Internet. In China, since the beginning of 2006, there has been a special police department designed to control the World Wide Web. Internet cops monitor online forums totally and control what they say. The Chinese authorities, in addition to controlling the content of the Internet within the country, adhere to a policy of strict filtering of the contents of the world's Internet resources - most of them are "not visible" from China. All this is the result of the work of the Chinese leadership to curb Western influence in China. To a large extent, these events were due to the "color revolutions" of 2000-2004, which took place in the post-Soviet space and in Europe.
Today, many experts predict that China will become a new major player on the world stage. Factors such as a long period of high economic development, expanding military capabilities, active adoption of high technology and a rapid increase in population, together will create conditions for the rapid growth of China's economic and political power.
However, in fairness, it must be said that there is another theory. Theory about the coming collapse of China. According to this theory, all the successes of the Celestial Empire only exacerbate the terrible internal contradictions, and as a result, in the near future, China will face mass unrest, the collapse of the economy, wars with neighbors and other troubles that will bury the country's superpower ambitions for a long time.
What scenario the development of great China will follow, time will tell. Much will be determined by the foreign policy of the leading world powers. However, to a greater extent, the fate of the Celestial Empire will still depend on the decisions made by the Chinese leadership. And in order for these decisions to be strategically correct and as effective as possible, one of the most numerous and effective special services in the world, Chinese intelligence, is in the service of the PRC.

Starting our story about Guangzhou, we will again focus your attention on the main places where a tourist should visit and a little on general information about the city. The best time to visit Guangzhou is October, November; April and May will also be good months.

The sculpture "Five Goats" - a symbol of the city of Guangzhou for a Russian-speaking tourist may seem "very peculiar", but for the residents themselves it is a symbol of good luck. However, to be more precise, this is a stone statue of five rams. The city is considered one of the most ancient not only in China, but throughout the world. During its long history (about 2500 years) it had numerous names, one of the most common being Canton. A small note: in ancient times, it was from Guangzhou that the sea "Silk Road" began, connecting the southern regions of China with India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Today Guangzhou is the largest commercial, industrial, maritime, cultural and historical center of China. Based on the facts mentioned above, Guangzhou is attractive not only for tourists, but also for business people. Numerous markets and bazaars - a lot (including specialized ones), only wholesale more than a hundred. Among them, we note the most famous, where you can buy almost everything - the Qingping market.

About places of interest... Since Gangzhou has another (unofficial) name "Flower City" due to its warm climate, we'll start with "Tropical Plant Botanical Garden".

The garden is located at the foot of Mount Mosinlin and covers an area of ​​more than 300 hectares. It is worth noting that it is one of the ten most significant sites in Guangzhou and is the largest Botanical Garden in South Asia. Since its foundation in 1956, more than 6,000 species of tropical and subtropical plants have been planted on its territory. On the territory of the garden there is an operating "South China Institute of Botany" engaged in plant research. Most of the employees of which are scientists and specialists.

Changlong Night Zoo - one of the largest in the world (occupies an area of ​​200 hectares) is definitely worth a visit. The zoo itself was built in accordance with the best options for environmental protection (during the construction, the maximum amount of materials of natural origin was involved). The zoo has only nocturnal animals of more than 200 species. Accordingly, almost all zoo animals usually eat at night and sleep during the day, so that at night visitors can see the circus performance with their participation.

Orchid Park (Lan pu) is an incredible place to visit during the summer months. It was built in 1950 and covers an area of ​​about 40,000 square meters. More than 100 species of orchids are represented in the park. It is a beautiful quiet and peaceful place with elegant, winding paths and ponds. In the western part of the park there are various pavilions, terraces, and towers - where you can just relax and drink tea. The ticket price depends on what kind of tea you want to drink. Opening hours: 08:00-18:00.

What else is worth visiting in Guangzhou:
- Guangzhou Water Park;
- Yuesyu Park;
- Mausoleum of 72 martyrs;
- Mount Baiyun (White Clouds);
- Arshadao Island;

Oleg Nikolaevich Glazunov

Chinese intelligence

It is only now that we have begun to view the espionage activities of red China as a serious threat to the security of the United States. It must be assumed that in the coming years, Chinese espionage will become a frightening reality for the West, as it has already become in Asia and the Pacific.

Allen Dulles, Director of the CIA

Netherlands, late 60s…

At eight o'clock in the evening, a dark-haired, middle-aged man, of Asian appearance, came out of a house located in the suburbs of Amsterdam. Even though it was a warm evening, he buttoned his jacket tightly and turned up the collar. The stranger stood a little on the porch of the house, then took out a pack of cigarettes and a lighter; lighting a cigarette, he carefully looked around the street. Not noticing anything suspicious, the Asiatic quickly ran down the steps of the porch and went down the street, sometimes carefully looking around, as if wanting to make sure that no one was following him. After walking a few blocks, he turned down a side street and stopped in the shadow of a telephone booth and looked around again. In the language of scouts, he was professionally "checked", determining whether he was being followed.

Not noticing anyone nearby, he rushed to the American embassy.

Entering the embassy, ​​he turned to the officer on duty:

My name is Liao Shuhe. I am a Xinhua correspondent. I need to talk to one of the American intelligence leaders here right now.

Why with the head of the intelligence service? - the officer on duty asked in surprise.

I have a very sensitive intelligence business...

The attendant hesitated for a moment.

Just then, two Marines appeared. They closed the door from the inside and positioned themselves next to Shuhe. One of them asked if they could bring him something to eat or drink. The Chinese shook his head.

In less than half an hour, a tall, graying American of aristocratic appearance appeared. The Marines left the room and took up post outside by the door.

Good evening! How can I be helpful? the American said kindly.

I hope this doesn't seem too difficult for you. But first of all, I would like to know to whom I am talking. Excuse me, but can I be sure that you are an intelligence officer?

The American took out his wallet and showed his official ID.

Thank you,” Shuhe said with a sigh of relief. - The fact is that I am a resident of Chinese intelligence in Western Europe and I am seeking political asylum in the United States.

The American resident was dumbfounded. Busy fighting with the "main enemy" - the KGB agents, he had never heard of Chinese intelligence. For him, it was something far away, somewhere in the East, but not in the distant, quiet and calm Netherlands. He pressed a hidden button and turned on the tape recorder hidden in the bookcase behind him.

How can you back up your words? the American began.

You don’t have to believe me, it’s your business,” Shuhe replied dryly. - I do not have the documents, and the time too. I am threatened, as you understand, by a serious danger, and every minute it grows. I know well how our intelligence can work. You probably remember how three years ago a Chinese man disappeared without a trace from a hospital in Holland, and he was brought there with a spinal injury and broken legs.

The American furrowed his brow. He had heard something similar.

Oh sure. It was written about in the newspapers. Something about the revenge of the Triad. The American smiled. As far as I remember, he was never found.

He was our scout and tried to defect to the West. Therefore, he was first stolen from the hospital, and then liquidated on my orders.

The CIA resident began frantically making notes in his gray leather notebook.

I can tell you a lot about my work in Europe,” Shuhe continued. - But only if you send me to the USA right away.

Yes, said the American. “Things like this don't happen every day. I have to report to my boss and the ambassador himself, and then I have to ask Washington. We must act for certain. So try to make my task easier. What is the name of your leader? What are the goals set for you?

Shuhe replied. And he told a lot about the work of Chinese intelligence in Europe. The American, who had never heard of the intelligence agents of the Middle Kingdom, could only be amazed at how quickly China created such a spy organization in Europe, which, in size and scale of activity, from the very beginning, surpassed the entire spy service of any other country. This was just the beginning.

Introduction

China is at war with the US. So far, only "cold". Back in 1992, the then leader of the People's Republic of China, Deng Xiaoping, openly stated this. According to him, the "new cold war" between China and the United States has already begun. To this we can add: the "new cold war" is in full swing. Beijing is constantly and closely following the changes in the development of the international situation, which may affect China's security. And the Chinese understand that their main geopolitical competitor in the coming century will be the United States. But the PRC does not want to recognize American domination. Therefore, confrontation is inevitable. At the same time, the transition of the "cold" war into a "hot" one is not ruled out. There are enough reasons for war. Maj. Gen. Zhu Chenghu, Dean of the Department of Defense Studies at the National Defense University of the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China (PLA), said words at a press conference for foreign journalists that had the effect of a bombshell. "Washington's military intervention in the conflict over Taiwan could lead to a nuclear war between China and the United States." However, Zhu Chenghu noted that the likelihood of a war between the US and China is extremely small. This is quite understandable. Now the Chinese military can not compete with the American. However, it is important to remember that American military power is based on the superiority of the American economy. The day China has more money than other countries, it will have a better military system.

In recent years, the Chinese economy under the leadership of the Communist Party of China has developed rapidly. This was facilitated by important political decisions taken by the Chinese authorities. Thus, quite recently, at the closed Fifth Plenum of the CPC Central Committee, key decisions for the development of China were made, primarily on the draft of the 11th Five-Year Plan, and the economic course of the PRC was determined for several years to come. From the reports of the Chinese Xinhua News Agency, it is clear that the economic development plan proposed to the plenum has a "turning" significance for China and the CPC. In connection with the fact, in particular, that the plan is based on a new - "scientific" - concept of the country's development. China's leaders have definitely set their sights on changing China's economic course. According to statistics given by the Chinese media on the occasion of the plenum, during the period from 1978 to 2004, China's GDP grew by an average of 9.4% per year. In today's world, China ranks fourth in terms of total economic power and third in terms of trade volume.

As you know, the Chinese economic development plan was based on the ideas of Deng Xiaoping. This strategy, known as the “Deng Xiaoping Program” or the “Four Modernization Program”, was to build a new society in China according to the formula “market economy” plus “socialist management system”, with a gradual and gradual transition to building “planned capitalism”. In the future, the military-industrial complex, energy, transport and some other important sectors of the economy will remain "socialist", managing which it is possible to control the situation in the country as a whole. Everything else will be given to the market.

According to the forecasts of foreign experts, China's economic prospects are as follows. China's GDP could quadruple over the next 20 years. At the same time, the scale of the Chinese economy is impressive: according to most studies, China's GDP in monetary terms in 2005 exceeded 1.2 trillion. dollars. The country consistently demonstrates economic growth of 7-8% per year, and this is not the limit. The investment bank Morgan Stanley recently calculated that today China accounts for 4 percent of the $32 trillion global economy. dollars, and that in the near future China will become the fourth largest engine of the world economy after the United States, Japan and Germany. In the next five years, China intends to increase the total volume of imports and exports to 650 billion dollars.