Build a house from cinder block with your own hands. How to build a country house from cinder block with your own hands? Cinder Block House: Building Walls

What was done

Project: the Innsbruck project was adapted to the site and the wishes of the Customer's family, a decision was made to relocate the terrace.
foundation: based on geology and the architect's calculations, the house was built on a pile-grillage foundation.
ceilings: basement - reinforced concrete monolithic; interfloor - reinforced concrete floor slabs.
box: walls made of aerated concrete blocks, laying with masonry glue. Windows are made to order, with one-sided lamination, installation on site.
roof: metal tile.
exterior finish: walls are insulated with basalt facade insulation and plastered, finishing elements are made of wood, made on site, based on TK-visualization, painted. The plinth is lined with decorative stone.
interior decoration: the decoration was carried out according to the design project, where the combination of decorative plaster with stone and wood was taken as the basis. False beams were mounted on the ceilings.
additionally: a fireplace is installed and finished.



What was done

The very case when our Customer and we speak the same language and are inspired by the ECO high-tech style! Designer Ilya came to us with a ready Project of his future home! Our team liked the project - after all, such unusual and stylish solutions are always a professional challenge!
We prepared estimates for Ilya and developed unique design solutions - all this allowed us to implement this project! The frame house is made in our proven Canadian technology with 200 mm insulation along the entire contour! Outside, the house is sheathed with imitation timber. All windows are custom-made and laminated in colors according to the project. Additional accents are placed thanks to the professional coloring of imitation timber and the selection of colors.



What was done

What does it cost us to build a house? Indeed, having a team of professionals and knowledge - building a house from scratch is a matter of time! But sometimes the task is more difficult! We have introductory - an existing foundation, or buildings on the site, extensions to existing buildings and much more! For the Matsuev family, it was precisely such a difficult task. They had a foundation from an old burnt house, and a landscaped area around it! The new house had to be erected in a short time on the existing foundation. Dmitry and his family had a desire to build a new high-tech house. After careful measurements, a project was made that took into account the old layout, but had a new modern form with interesting innovations! The house has an entrance group where you can sit at a table on cozy evenings and a complex but possible exploitable roof in our lane. To implement such a roof, we called on our knowledge and modern building materials LVL beams, built-up roofing and much more. Now in the summer on such a roof you can arrange an unusual dinner or watch the stars at night! In the decoration, our architect also emphasized the minimalistic and graphic high-tech style. Smooth stucco walls with painted planken details add personality to the wooden beams at the entrance. Inside, the house is finished with imitation timber, which is painted in different colors depending on the purpose of the room! Large windows in the living room kitchen overlooking the plot - created the desired effect of illumination and airiness of the space! The house of the Matsuev family has graced our photo gallery in the country architecture section in high-tech style, in the style chosen by bold Customers with excellent taste.



What was done

Olga and her family have long dreamed of a country house! A reliable, solid home to live in, which will fit perfectly into their difficult narrow lot! With the advent of children, it was decided to realize the dream, children grow up quickly and in their own house in nature there are many opportunities and fresh air. We, in turn, were happy to work on an individual project of a classic red brick house with a bay window! After the first acquaintance with our company in a cozy office, we invited Olga to take a look at our existing construction site: evaluate the order and construction processes, store materials on the site, get acquainted with the construction team, make sure the quality of work. After visiting the facility, Olga decided to work with us! And we were happy to do our favorite work again to make another country dream come true!



What was done

Project: changes were made to the San Rafael project and redevelopment was made according to the wishes of the Customer.
ceilings: basement - reinforced concrete floor slabs; interfloor - reinforced concrete floor slabs
box: walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks, mortar masonry??? Windows inserted.
roofing: metal tile
terrace: rough enclosing elements are made, flooring is done.



What was done

Dmitry approached our company with an interesting draft design to calculate the cost. Our experience allows us to perform such calculations according to draft designs with minimal errors, no more than 2%. Having visited our construction sites and received the cost of construction, Dmitry chose us from among many of our colleagues in the shop to complete the project. Our team has embarked on a complex and expressive country project with spacious premises and a garage, large windows and complex architecture. After the project was completed, Dmitry chose us as a contractor, and we, in turn, wanted to do further work at the same high level! Since the object is large, Dmitry proposed a phased cooperation, namely, upon successful completion of the foundation work, we proceeded to the second part of the project - walls + ceilings + roofing. Also, the exact timing of construction was important for Dmitry, in order to speed up the construction processes, the team was reinforced by 2 experienced masons.
The box on a pile-grillage foundation was handed over right on time! The result pleased us and the Customer. All stages of work were coordinated and worked out for Dmitry and his individual project, from which all participants in the process benefited!



What was done

Project: The project of our company Inkerman was changed taking into account the wishes of the Customer's family, the house was planted on the site, taking into account the existing situation on the site and the relief
foundation: based on geology and the architect's calculations, the house was built on a reinforced pile-grillage foundation.
ceilings: wooden on wooden beams, in places of large spans installation of LVL beams. The basement is insulated with 200mm basalt insulation; interfloor overlap with sound insulation 150mm.
box: box: walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks, mortar masonry. Windows inserted.
roofing: installation of metal tiles.
exterior finish: the facade is insulated with 100 mm basalt facade slabs, the facades are covered with facing bricks; the color scheme was proposed by the architect and agreed with the customer.



What was done

The Krutov family decided to build a spacious house for the whole family!
From the idea to its implementation, Olga and other family members went through several stages! The choice of technology, the long work on the project, the construction of the foundation, the construction of the house with the exterior and then the work on the interior! The frame technology was chosen as energy-saving, prefabricated and high-tech! Why did the Krutovs choose our company? They liked the quality of work at our construction site and the workers who gave a detailed tour! We also worked on the estimate for a long time, combining different finishes, comparing their cost. This made it possible to choose the best option from a wide variety of finishing materials and configurations.
The project was created by an architect friend, but we had to work out the constructive part of it. After that, the most reliable and effective foundation was erected - UWB. Then work began on the box. A frame house with 200 mm insulation along the entire contour and a unique 300 mm roof insulation technology. For the exterior, siding was chosen in a spectacular combination of colors - coffee and cream. The accents are placed thanks to the powerful roof overhangs, interfloor belt and large windows!



What was done

When you decide to become a happy owner of your own home and move to a new home for permanent residence, first of all you think about what the house will be like; what to build it from; how much will it cost and most importantly, WHO will do all this?
Alexander came to our company with the desire to move to his own country house. He liked the Avignon project and there was already a strip foundation on the site. After the initial visit to the site, measurements and examination of the foundation, we gave our conclusions and recommendations. Strengthen the foundation, change the project and adapt it to the dimensions of the existing foundation! After agreeing on the cost, it was decided to build in the winter. Alexander received as a gift reinforced concrete floors, one of the leading construction teams and a house according to the project he liked, which stood on the site with exterior decoration by spring! Alexander watched every stage of construction, regularly visiting the construction site and was pleased with the result, and we were satisfied with our work. This is an individually designed Avignon project, implemented in stone technology with external insulation and siding!



What was done

Each house is a separate story of creation and implementation! Once we built a house for good people and they recommended us to another good person! Rumyantsev Andrey came to our company with a desire to build a one-story spacious country house with a fireplace for warm family evenings on the site of an old country house ... It was decided to build the house from aerated concrete blocks so that the future country handsome man would please the owner for decades! The customer voiced his wishes for finishing - and we, in turn, brought everything to life. Thanks to the detailed visualization of the project, each element of the exterior decoration is a member of a friendly ensemble! Bavarian masonry, as the final stage of exterior decoration, looks noble and thorough. Without a doubt, such a tandem - aerated concrete and brick can be safely called the best solution in the field of stone housing construction - warm, affordable, beautiful, reliable. Modern technologies have stepped forward so much that such unique configurations become available in a short time, because we built this project during the winter months. The main thing is to have the necessary knowledge and constantly replenish their stock!



What was done

Project: the project of a European company was taken as a basis and was adapted to the site and the wishes of the Customer's family, a terrace and a patio were proposed, taking into account the cardinal directions on the Customer's site.
foundation: based on geology and the architect's calculations, the house was built on a pile-grid foundation.
ceilings: basement - reinforced concrete monolithic; interfloor - wooden on beams with a sound insulation device of 150 mm.
box: walls made of aerated concrete blocks, laying with masonry glue. Windows are made to order with one-sided lamination, installation on site.
roof: metal tile.
exterior finish: the walls are insulated with basalt facade insulation and plastered. Based on the visualization, facade panels were added under the Tolento stone. The enclosing elements of the terrace, balcony made of wood, made on site, based on the TK-visualization, painted. Roof overhangs are hemmed with spotlights in the color of the roof.



Vladimir Murashkin, The owner of the house "brought to life according to his idea and sketch!" House options:

What was done

When Customers come to us with bright, modern ideas for a future home, we light up doubly! After all, working on a new stylish project is always interesting and a challenge, how to implement all the bold ideas from a constructive point of view, what materials to use? Vladimir bought a plot with picturesque views of the Oka River! Such a view could not be ignored, so a dizzying terrace (51.1 m2) and a large balcony, focused on beauty, became an indispensable attribute of the future home! Vladimir wanted to relax in nature in a wooden house, and it was necessary to build a house in a short time, and the frame construction technology became an ideal solution for such tasks! If we are different, then in everything! The house was made even more spectacular by the vertical finish with an imitation of durable larch timber, painted in natural shades with an accentuated wood texture. Complement the modern look of the house - windows with lamination! It turned out to be an excellent country house, with zest and at the same time incredibly functional.

It all started with an individual project found by the Customer's family on a European site. It was with him that she came to our office for the first time. We made preliminary calculations for the project, conducted a tour of the existing construction site, shook hands and the work began to boil! The architect improved and adapted the project to the site and the Customer's family; the foreman "planted" the house on the site. Based on the fact of geological surveys, it was decided to put the house on bored piles. The frame has grown in a few weeks, then the roof, insulation, exterior finish! During the winter, a house grew on the site. The customer invited a third-party technical supervisor who monitored the process regardless of our multi-stage control. The color scheme for painting the imitation of timber was chosen by our manager and here we have a bright and cozy dream country house of the Pushkov family!

Invented at the beginning of the 20th century, cinder blocks have firmly entered modern construction as the most versatile, budgetary and unpretentious wall material. The cinder block is used for the construction of load-bearing walls of houses with a height of no more than 3 floors, the installation of partitions, the laying of a strip or column foundation under garages, kiosks, change houses, for the construction of underground and ground office premises, and the arrangement of attics in multi-storey buildings.

Before starting to draw up a project for a cinder block house, it is necessary to take into account the properties, advantages and disadvantages of this material:

1. Cinder blocks are made by vibrating compacting a mixture of M500 cement with water and filler in special forms. The most typical list of fillers is granulated slag and granite/gravel screenings. This technology provides the maximum reduction in the cost and consumption of the binder without a large loss of strength. Cinder block is the cheapest type of wall stone.

2. The compressive strength of the cinder block is consistent with brick - M50 - M100, solid blocks - up to M150. The material is absolutely not subject to shrinkage and gains strength over time. But fragility and low tensile strength does not allow the use of cinder blocks in the construction of walls with significant transverse loads.

3. During solidification, the material acquires a noticeable porosity - this facilitates laying work, reduces the requirements for the foundation, reduces thermal conductivity, and increases sound insulation properties.

4. It is absolutely not necessary to involve professional builders for laying the cinder block. The volume, duration, complexity of laying and measuring operations are 3-4 times lower than when building a brick wall.

5. The cinder block does not enter into chemical reactions with the atmosphere, does not burn, rodents and insects do not settle in it. The guaranteed service life of a cinder block with the right choice of material is 15 years for non-plastered walls, 50 for double-sided protection, 100 or more if periodic plaster restoration is carried out.

6. The main disadvantage is high hygroscopicity and low frost resistance class (F15 - F50). Wherever there is no way to protect the cinder block walls of the house from prolonged contact with water, they quickly lose all insulating qualities and crack after freezing. Therefore, bilateral plastering is almost mandatory and external insulation of the cinder block is desirable. It is unacceptable to use this material in walls that are subject to periodic flooding.

7. The cinder block construction plan must be strictly tied to the weather seasons, the optimal time for laying is the end of spring - the beginning of autumn. When leaving for the night or weekend, the stacked blocks protect from possible rain. Before winter, it is necessary to have time to mount the roof on cinder block houses.

8. A cinder block, especially a hollow one, greatly reduces strength under the influence of chasing with impact tools, and when you try to gouge a through round hole, an entire segment can collapse. It is necessary to think over in advance the scheme for laying engineering systems and make careful cuts with a grinder.

9. The presence of metallurgy waste in the composition makes the material non-environmental. Harmful substances released in small quantities disappear within a year after production, therefore it is recommended not to populate and not to plaster the walls until the end of the first winter after the construction of the box.

Overview of layouts

1. The project of house 1 is a real one-story mansion 15x10 with a total area of ​​220 m2 with a high spacious attic. A significant part of the first floor is occupied by a garage and office space, on the opposite side there is an exit to a large terrace. In the living room and kitchen located next to each other with an area of ​​​​23 m2, two dozen guests can be received at once. For convenience, there is a bathroom.

Going out to the second floor, we find ourselves in a spacious hall with a large viewing window in the entire wall. The project of the floor provides for the presence of two children's rooms of 12 m2 and a bedroom of 22 m2. There are also 2 bathrooms and an office. The entrance to each room is located in the central hall. 1 nursery and office have adjoining balconies.

2. House project 2 - the best-priced version of a 10x10 house with an attic only above the residential part of the 1st floor, with a total area of ​​120 m2. The project provides for a garage of 20 m2, a small hall, 1 bathroom for the whole house, a living room of 22 m2 with a corner staircase, a stove and access to the terrace. The kitchen is quite small, only 12 m2. On the second floor there is a bathroom and 2 rather small bedrooms - 17 and 9 m2. This area is clearly not enough for a large family.

3. House project 3 - the best for a large family, but does not have a garage. This is a real two-story house 10x10 with an area of ​​180 m2, with many rooms in which family members can find privacy if necessary. On the ground floor there is a bathroom, a boiler room, a small kitchen, a separate free-use room, a spacious entrance hall of 11 m2, and a living room of 18 m2. The project of the 2nd floor includes 3 bedrooms 12, 12 and 19 m2, and 2 spacious bathrooms. One of the bathrooms can only be accessed through the master bedroom.

How to calculate the cost?

The cost of building a house from cinder block will include:

1. Designing a detailed scheme of the house, taking into account engineering systems. The order of the project will cost at least 25,000 rubles.

2. Excavation to a depth of 0.5-1 m under the house - about 400 rubles per m3.

3. Reinforcement and pouring of a tape monolithic foundation, 0.5 m wide for a wall 40 cm - about 8,000 rubles per 1 m3 only for materials and their delivery.

4. Backfilling the underground with crushed stone and sand - about 600 per 1 m3, including delivery. At this stage, you can include a basement in the project.

5. To order a complete arrangement of a turnkey strip foundation will cost approximately 17,000 rubles / m3 of concrete work.

6. Buying a cinder block. A typical size is 190x190x390 mm. Given a mortar thickness of 10 mm, it is very easy to calculate the material consumption per square meter - 12.5 blocks per 19 cm wall, and 25 blocks per 39 cm wall. The price is approximately 30-35 rubles apiece. The project must include a fight and marriage in the amount of 5-10%.

7. Purchase of cement and sand. The technological rate of consumption of the solution is 1 cubic meter per 4.5 m3 of the wall. For its manufacture, you will need 6 bags of M400 cement and 1.1 cubic meters of sand (1 to 4 volume ratio) with a total price of 1800 rubles.

8. The price of floors and roofs.

9. The most significant point of the project is the cost of heating, sewerage, water, electricity and gas supply systems.

10. Windows, doors, plaster, finishing, insulation.

Additionally, the project should take into account the following points:

• Concrete floors cannot be laid on the cinder block. If necessary, an armored belt is made of longitudinal beams.
• In the walls you need to lay reinforcement through the row. This will lead to costs in the amount of about 300 rubles per m3 of masonry.
• To further lighten, insulate and reduce the cost of the wall, you can use blocks with high voids (up to 40%). But they are more fragile and poorly suited for building a house above 2 floors.

The estimated price of a turnkey house is 20,000 - 24,000 rubles per 1 square meter, excluding the attic area. Although this option most often turns out to be more expensive than phased construction with the involvement of various performers, it practically does not require the investment of one's own strength and nerves. In addition, there are nice bonuses like free design of unique houses.

Building your own home is cheaper than buying a ready-made one. True, for this you need to properly approach this process. The use of cinder blocks will significantly reduce costs. Next, we will look at how much it costs to build a cinder block house and what you can save on.

General information

Many people think that building a house on their own is very long and expensive, it is easier to buy a ready-made one. In reality, this is not so.

Of course, you will have to independently carry out all communications, build a fence, and much more. But for that, in the end you get what you want. Sometimes it takes more time to find the right house than to build a new one.

First of all, you should understand that building a house is a step-by-step plan of action and only strict adherence to it will save on construction. The first point of this plan is the calculation of the cost.

Please note that if you do not have a plot, then its price should also be added to the cost of construction. It is difficult to give any figures here, it all depends on its area and location. In addition, the project of the house should be attributed to the costs in addition to construction.

So, to find out how much it will cost to build a house, you need to find out how much you have to spend on:

• Building a foundation.
• Wall construction.
• Roof installation.
• Construction works.

Calculation of construction costs

Foundation

The cost of building a strip foundation largely depends on its type, as well as on geological conditions. In most cases, a pile foundation is cheaper, but before deciding which type to stop at and proceed with the calculations, it is necessary to obtain geological surveys.

Therefore, we calculate the cost of the strip foundation. The first cost item will be the layout of the site. First you need to remove the top fertile layer in order to level the area for marking. You can save money on this operation if you do it yourself.

The calculation of the cost of the strip foundation is performed as follows:

• The perimeter of the foundation is calculated.
• The volume of trenches is calculated.
• The required volume of concrete and the cost of its purchase are calculated.
• The required number of reinforcement and boards and their price are calculated.
• All costs are summed up and the cost of construction work is added.

The perimeter of a house is the sum of its sides. For example, take a small house 6 * 4. Its perimeter will be (6 + 4) * 2 \u003d 20 m. Then the resulting figure should be multiplied by the depth, which in our case is 1.2 m and the width of the foundation - 0.5 m.

Thus, the volume of trenches will be equal to - 20 * 0.5 * 1.2 \u003d 12 m³. Please note that the width of the foundation is 0.4 m, the rest of the volume will be occupied by the formwork.

Since formwork is needed for the foundation, it is necessary to calculate the side areas. The perimeter must be multiplied by the depth and the resulting value doubled. The result of the calculations can be used not only to calculate the forest, but also for the waterproofing area.

Having learned the price, you can easily calculate the cost of the material by multiplying it by the resulting figure. Don't forget to add shipping costs as well.

It remains only to count the reinforcement. You will need vertical pins, which are installed in pairs every half a meter. Accordingly, the calculation will be as follows - 20: 0.5 * 2 \u003d 80 rods of 1.2 m, i.e. 96m, plus two "threads" - 20 * 2 = 40 m, which in total will be 136 m of reinforcement.

Related articles:

Walls

The sizes of the foam block, gas block and cinder block are different. The standard size of cinder blocks is 390x190x188 mm but there are other sizes 400x200x200 mm. In addition, there are semi-blocks of size - 390x120x188 mm. They are also called partition blocks. In addition, they can differ in the degree of emptiness: from full-bodied up to 40% voids.

Based on the size of the block, you can determine how many of them will be needed to build a house, then find out how much 1 cinder block costs and calculate the total cost.

For this you need:

• Calculate the area of ​​​​the box of the future structure and calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe openings. We multiply the length of each wall by the height, after which we summarize the data of all the walls. From the value obtained, the area of ​​window and door openings should be calculated.
• Calculate the area of ​​the outer face of the block.
• The resulting value of the box area of ​​​​the future house is divided by the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe face of the block.
• Multiply the resulting value by the cost of one cinder block.
• Calculate the cost of masonry.
• All costs are cumulative.

For example, if the cinder blocks are of a standard size and put them out with a wide edge, then the area of ​​\u200b\u200bone block will be - 390 mm * 190 mm = 0.0741 m2. From this it follows that for one square meter of wall it will be required: 1 / 0.0741 \u003d 13.49, if rounded up, you get 14 blocks.

5% should be added to the figure obtained, since the possibility of a fight during transportation must be taken into account. Then you need to find out how much one cinder block costs and multiply this figure by the number of blocks needed for one square meter of wall.

Thus, you will find out how much a cinder block costs for one square meter of wall. We multiply the resulting figure by the number of square meters of the box of the future home and thus find out how much money will be spent on the purchase of material. However, the purchase is not yet the erection of walls.

If the masonry will not be carried out independently, then you should find out how much it costs to put a cinder block. As one square meter of wall consists of 14 blocks, we multiply this value by the number of square meters of the box and by the price of laying one block.

The advantages of cinder blocks include the fact that their masonry does not require high professionalism of a bricklayer. Accordingly, the price for it will be lower, as well as for the blocks themselves.

Advice! You can save on adding a plasticizer to cement. This will not only reduce the consumption of cement, but also increase its frost resistance.

When you start construction, you want everything to be done as quickly as possible, cheaper and more reliable. All these factors can be satisfied by a house built from cinder block with your own hands. This building material can be made independently. We will consider both the technology of its production and the construction process from marking to roof installation.

Advantages and disadvantages

At some point in time, the cinder block became very popular. This is explained by the fact that the waste material that remained after the smelting of the metal had to be used somewhere. It was decided to use it as a filler for building components. And so this artificial stone appeared. But then he was not distinguished by the best qualities, because from an environmental point of view, he had certain shortcomings. It had to be kept on the street for about a year and only after that put into work. Today the situation is a little different and it seems to be the most popular material for the construction of low buildings. Its strengths are:

• Long service life. With the right approach, the stone will last about 100 years.
• Good thermal insulation. Thanks to the manufacturing method with air chambers, the material perfectly retains heat.
• High build speed. Due to the large dimensions, the walls can be driven out much faster than from ordinary bricks.
• Resistant to the development of fungus and mold.
• The possibility of an individual approach to the size.
• The material is unloved by rodents and other pests.
• A house made of such material is easy to repair.

Disadvantages:

• It absorbs moisture well, which leads to a loss of heat capacity.
• Poor plaster adhesion to this building block.
• The impossibility of erecting a building more than 2 floors.
• The need for rapid construction of the roof. The fact is that the expelled walls cannot be left uncovered for a long time, because this will lead to their rapid destruction.
• The importance of strict adherence to masonry technology.
• The need for a high foundation.
• It is important to carry out construction work in dry weather.
• Poor tolerance of building shrinkage. In this case, a split is possible not at the seams, but along the blocks themselves.

If you decide to purchase cinder blocks, then there are a few nuances that you should pay attention to. Well, if it is possible to take measurements with a dosimeter. Thanks to this, you can determine how environmentally friendly the material is. Look at the conditions under which it was stored. It is important that this is not an open space where it is exposed to precipitation. It should not have chips or cracks. Using a tape measure, you need to check its dimensions. Parallel sides must match.

The manufacturing technology is quite simple. To successfully move in this direction, it will be necessary to acquire some equipment, as well as accurately maintain proportions. So, the first step is to design a vibrotamper. For this you will need:

• sheet metal 3 mm thick;
• pipe with a diameter of 75–80 mm;
• Bulgarian;
• welding machine;
• roulette;
• electric motor to create vibration.

The engine can be used from an old washing machine or from a grinder. Large power is not required. The main thing is to correctly place the weight, which will shift the center of gravity.

The sequence of work will be as follows:

• Blanks are cut out of metal. Two of them are 200×400 mm, the other two are 200×200 mm.
• They need to be welded together to make a small box.
• Cut three pieces of pipe 170 mm each. The size is smaller along the length so that the thickness of the bottom wall is at least 30 mm.
• Cuts are made along the end of the sleeves to a depth of 50 mm. One of the sides is given the appearance of a truncated cone.
• From the other end, cuts are made to a depth of 50 mm. A strip of metal 400 mm long is placed in them. It connects all three elements together.
• The ends of the pipes are closed with plugs.
• This design is placed in a box and fixed to the walls.
• A side is welded along the upper end of the container to make it more convenient to backfill and ram the solution.
• Additionally, you can make a mechanism by which the box will rise up. To do this, you can use a profile square pipe. If there is no desire to complicate, then it is enough to weld two handles on the sides of the box.
• An engine is attached to the large side. To do this, four bolts are welded to the wall so that their location coincides with the holes on the apparatus body. It is pressed with washers and nuts of a suitable diameter.
• Additionally, a cover is made, which improves the tamping. For it, you need a sheet of metal 195 × 395 mm. It is necessary to make holes in it for pipes (they should be 5 mm larger than the diameter of the sleeves) and cut into two parts along. This must be done so that it calmly sinks and does not rest against the partition that secures the hollows. The parts are interconnected using brackets made of reinforcement. It is also necessary to make a depth limiter, which will exclude its immersion deeper than 5 cm.
• In order to speed up the work, you can combine several of these containers with each other.
• Two bolts are welded onto the motor shaft on both sides. This must be done symmetrically. In the future, in order to adjust the frequency and strength of vibrations, it will be enough to screw the required number of nuts.
• The final touch will be a thorough polishing and painting. This is necessary so that subsequently the solution lags better.

Today on sale there are many options for ready-made machines. If you do not want to waste time and energy, then you can simply buy or rent it.

The key to durable and resistant to various influences blocks is a properly prepared solution. If a compactor is used, it must be sufficiently dry. If it is incorrect to calculate the proportions of water, then after raising the container, it will simply disintegrate. As a filler, you can use ash from burnt coal, broken bricks, small gravel, slag, etc. To give additional resistance to moisture, plasticizers are used. The first mix will look like this:

• 9:1 ​​- cement and slag, which is well sifted so that there are no extra inclusions;
• water should be about half of the cement.

Second cooking method:

• 4:4:1 - industrial granulated slag, crushed stone of small fractions, cement;
• water is the same ratio as for the first option.

The best consistency can be roughly determined as follows: you need to take the finished solution and squeeze it in your hand. It must keep its shape. If you then throw it on the ground, it should spread. After squeezing it again, it should hold its shape again.

The best place to work would be outdoors. Under such conditions, the mortar will dry and set faster, which will increase productivity. It is desirable that the place is flat. This may be a concrete path or a lining made of sheet metal, boards knocked into shields, etc. The block preparation process will be as follows:

• The unit is installed in the place from which the calculation will begin.
• The prepared mixture is poured inside. Its quantity must be greater than the actual capacity.
• The vibrator motor is turned on for a few seconds. Part of the solution sits down, so you need to add more.
• The vibrator starts again for a few seconds. Finishing filling is done and the upper end is closed with a lid.
• Sealing is in progress. If the lid has reached the limiters, then you can raise the container.
• Full setting takes a period of 4 to 9 days.
• Finished products can be stored indoors. You need to move them there after a day of drying on the street. If there is a plasticizer in the composition, then after 6 hours.
• For greater convenience, they can be stacked on top of each other.
• They will be ready for the construction process in 1-2 months.

Often, partitions are laid out from blocks that are smaller in size. For their manufacture, it will be necessary to make a mold according to a similar principle, as described above, but its dimensions will be 120 × 400 × 200 mm. It is better to use rectangular inserts as void formers. They should be of such dimensions that the walls are at least 3 cm.

Calculation of the number of blocks

Projects must be approached rationally. It makes no sense to be overly economical, because this will affect the quality of the future structure. There is also no reason for being extravagant. This is especially true for the number of blocks. Calculations should begin with the fact that to determine the thickness of the wall. This size is determined by several factors, such as climatic conditions and soil conditions. If the temperature drops too low during the winter period, then it may be necessary to make a wall of 40-60 cm. In other areas, 20 cm will be enough, which will also be insulated with foam or foam. Laying can be done in several ways:

• Half a stone. This does not mean that the block will need to be cut into two parts. This means that it lies along. That is, in the described case, this is a thickness of 20 cm.
• In a whole stone. This is the one that lies across, while the wall is 40 cm.
• One and a half stones. By simple addition, we find out that this is 60 cm.
• In two stones - 80 cm.

Suppose that a project of a future house with dimensions of 10 × 12 m was chosen, one-story with a wall height of 3 m. The first step is to calculate the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls. To do this, multiply the length by the width. 3 × 10 \u003d 30 m 2, 12 × 3 \u003d 36 m 2, now we double these results and add them up, because there are two identical planes. 30×2+36×2=132 m2. So the end result is 132 m 2. We determine the area of ​​\u200b\u200bone block - 0.2 × 0.4 \u003d 0.08 m 2. Divide the total area of ​​the walls by the area of ​​the block - 132:0.08=1650. But this figure is valid if the wall is planned in one stone. If in two, then the end result will be 3300 blocks.

These calculations deliberately do not take into account the openings that will be made for windows and doors. This is done in order to have a small margin. While working with the material, there may be rejection, and our surplus compensates for it.

The calculation of the amount of stone for partition walls is carried out in the same way. In fact, the final figure will be the sum of the blocks for the main walls and internal ones.

Foundation laying

As mentioned above, this type of design requires a high . In addition, it must be very durable so that in no case cracks begin to form, which will certainly pass through the entire wall. The work will be carried out in the following order:

• The area chosen for construction is carefully inspected. It is better to find out in advance in which part of the site the groundwater is at a lower level. She's the one who fits.
• Everything that clutters it is cleaned up, the grass is mowed to the lowest possible level. This is necessary to assess the overall slope and markup.
• According to the drawing, landmarks are transferred to the area according to the size of the future building.

• One peg is driven into each corner.
• The correct dimensions are checked. In addition to length and width, diagonals are also measured - they must match so that the shape is correct, and not trapezoidal (if this is not provided for by the project).
• Holders for the reference line are made. This will require 16 wooden blocks of arbitrary size, but at least 90-100 cm long. You will need 8 more small boards. Their length should be 10–15 cm more than the width of the foundation. From the boards a crossbar is made for two bars. You should get a design in the shape of the letter P.
• Two self-tapping screws are screwed on each crossbar. The distance between them should be equal to the width of the foundation.
• All elements must be hammered into the ground. It is important to do this at such a level that the screws are at a height of 70 cm above the surface. The order of the supports is two for each corner so that they are opposite each other in pairs.
• A fishing line or twine is stretched between the elements. It is more convenient to use a fishing line that has a bright color. It is not lost against the background of surrounding objects.
• At this stage, it is once again necessary to check the diagonals between the corners that the stretched thread formed.
• A trench is being dug. Its depth should be 50 cm below the freezing of the soil.
• Sand is poured to a height of 25 cm. It is leveled and rammed well. After that, you need to wet it with water and let it dry. If necessary, add a level.
• Another 25 cm is made of crushed stone. This layer is also well compacted. Ramming is best done with a special electric or gasoline tool.

• Next, a metal grill is made. For the foundation of the planned height, two or three elements will be required. To work, you need ribbed reinforcement with a diameter of 10 – 12 mm. It is better to assemble the structure on the surface. Its dimensions should be such that it is immersed in concrete 5 cm on each side. That is, the total length and height must be at least 10 cm less than the length and height of the foundation. Several rods are laid out for a total length. The distance between the horizontal components should not exceed 30 cm. If there are no strips of the required length, then you can get from several. In this case, the binding between them should be at least 1 m. Staples are made from smaller rods. Their height should be equal to the size of the planned crate, and the bent elements should be the width of the structure. They are attached to the lined elements every 30-40 cm. Instead of staples, you can make ordinary vertical jumpers. They are fixed to each other with a knitting wire. From above, the same number of longitudinal rods are attached to the inner side as from below.
• Typically, the height of one such structure is 40–50 cm.
• Stands are laid out at the bottom of the pit, which will allow the concrete to close the reinforced base from below. For these purposes, bricks or other homogeneous elements can be used. The minimum height is 5 cm.
• Formwork is made from edged boards knocked into shields, plywood or other durable material. It must be strong enough to withstand the pressure that the concrete will exert. Be sure to install the jibs, which will be stops from the outside. The distance between the shields must be the same so that the foundation is obtained without sagging.
• After the preparatory work, you need to prepare a solution for pouring. In advance, you need to make sure that there is an assistant and a productive concrete mixer, you can use several. This is very important, because it is necessary to provide a good volume. Thanks to this, the design will turn out to be monolithic, and not puff, which will reduce strength. The composition of the mixture will be 3:1:3 - crushed stone, Portland cement, sand. For such purposes, Portland cement is perfect. The fact is that it contains additives of calcium silicate and gypsum. Thanks to this, a quick setting occurs and strength is ensured. Be sure to add a plasticizer, thus the fluidity and filling of voids will be improved, frost resistance will increase, as well as moisture resistance.

• Periodically, during pouring, it is necessary to treat with a vibrator. So the concrete is better compacted and the structure will subsequently gain maximum strength.
• During pouring, it is also necessary to try to distribute all the concrete in level. Subsequently, this will help to quickly cope with the pasture of the walls.
• If the weather is hot enough, then it is necessary to moisten the surface with plenty of water, it would also be good to cover the foundation with a building film or pieces of roofing material.
• With a high curing rate, the formwork can be removed after a week.
• It is better to continue further work after a month. It is this period that is necessary for the cement-sand mixture to gain all its strength.

If you decide not to fill in such a high foundation, as described earlier, then you need to take care of the construction of the base. This is a continuation of the foundation, which protrudes above the surface of the earth. It is important to remember that before you start laying it, it is necessary to provide for waterproofing. To do this, a roofing material or bikrost is laid on the foundation. The height of such a structure should reach 70 cm or more. Then a layer of waterproofing is laid on it again, and only after that the construction of walls begins.

When building walls, the main task is to make them even, without protrusions. The first step on the way to such a result is to determine the highest corner of the foundation. The fact is that during pouring it is difficult to deduce the ideal value. This measurement is made using a water level. In advance, you need to make sure that its length is enough for the length of the foundation.

• An arbitrary angle is selected. One flask of the device is installed on it. The other part moves to different ends. Thanks to the difference in the position of the water, you can determine where the highest point is. Laying and leveling should start from here. It is very important to do this, because if you start the construction from the lowest point, you will have to subsequently cut the stones. If this is done with the highest, it will simply be enough to make the seam a little larger.
• Having set the starting point, you can do the same for the remaining corners. This will require the same hydraulic level. The task will be to place 4 more stones so that they coincide with the reference in all planes. Additionally, you can check the diagonals.

• A fishing line or twine is stretched along the outer edge of the wall. It will help to make the wall flat in the horizontal plane. It is necessary to raise it to the height of one row and, after each new one, rearrange it to the same level. During operation, it is necessary to ensure that the landmark is not pressed or touched by anything, otherwise it will not be of any use.
• To maintain the verticality of the wall, you can use several tools. For example, after laying each row, check the plane using the building level. An ordinary plumb line will also serve as a guide. If there is no desire to mess with such devices, then you can build stationary reference points. To do this, metal pipes are buried in the ground, which fit close to the wall. They are exposed in planes and fixed. Thanks to them, it will be possible to control the process.
• The solution has good thermal conductivity, so there can be significant heat loss due to it. To reduce this value, it will be enough to control its layer. It is better if it does not exceed 1.5 cm.

• If you do not have much experience in masonry, then add a special plasticizer to the cement-sand mixture, which will slow down its setting. This will help to calmly expose each element without having to redo it later.
• Do not try to close the cavities in the stone with a solution, this will only worsen its properties. If desired, they can be filled with loose insulation.
• Every 3-5 rows it is necessary to insert a metal mesh. It will increase the rigidity of the entire structure.

During the laying of the last few rows, you must not forget to wall up the studs. It will be good if you can bend them and bandage them with the seam of one of the rows. They should protrude above the surface to a distance exceeding the height of the Mauerlat beam by 4 cm. The step can be kept at 1 m or less. Rolled wire can be used instead of studs. Another option would be to fill the armored belt with the installation of studs in it.

Roof

The installation of the rafter system and the laying of the flooring should be started as soon as possible after the end of the pasture of the walls. Before choosing the desired shape of the future roof, it is necessary to analyze the maximum amount of precipitation that can fall, what gusts of wind are. You also need to consider what buildings or trees are nearby. Usually all data can be obtained from the relevant services. This information will affect which angle will need to be observed.

If the area is famous for the presence of strong gusts of wind, then the slope of the roof must be maintained in the region of 15-20 °. Even with sufficiently strong snow drifts, the layer will not remain, it will simply inflate. In the case when the area is quiet, but there is a lot of precipitation, then the optimal solution would be a spread of 35‒40°. With such a slope, the snow will not be able to linger in large layers.

On private houses, a gable roof or all kinds of multi-pitched variations look great. We will consider an example of the construction of the first option. If the principle is well understood, then you can move on to more complex designs.

• Installation begins with the installation of the base - Mauerlat. They can tie the longitudinal walls on which the rafters will rest. Or install it around the entire perimeter, which will facilitate the construction of the pediment if it is wooden, not brick. To do this, you need a bar with a section from 50 × 150 mm to 200 × 200 mm. It should be placed in the middle or no closer than 5 cm to the edge. A layer of waterproofing must be laid under it, which will prevent the accumulation of moisture and rotting of the wood. Holes are drilled at the locations of the studs. Boards are fixed with nuts and washers or knots when using wire.
• At its core, the truss system is a constructor that includes a large number of details. In shape, it resembles the letter A. In this case, the beams act to break, that is, the force is applied in such a way that the walls are under constant stress. This option is not very good for a cinder block house, so it is advisable to use additional connecting elements. They are racks and beds.
• The first step is to install the ceiling beams. After that, the entire area can be covered with a film so that rainwater does not get inside the building.
• Next, the beds are laid on which the racks will rest. They should run parallel to the Mauerlat. The distance between them will depend on how the attic space will be used. You can make them from the same timber as the base.

• Rafter legs are interconnected with nails or nail plates. In some cases, additional metal staples are used. If they need to be lengthened, then it is better to overlap, it should be about 1 m.
• Rigels can be two or more. It is important to remember that the distance between them should be no more than 50 cm.
• The trusses must be the same size to support the plane of the roof. You can collect them both on the building and below. In most cases, the second option is safer and more reliable.
• Two finished elements rise up. They are installed at the ends of the roof and fixed with temporary struts.
• Three strings are stretched between them. One goes along the upper corner, the other two - from the middle of each side. They will serve as guidelines for how the next trusses will be mounted. Instead of fishing line, you can use a ridge board. It is important to put it on temporary supports and check that it is level in the plane.
• All other farms are installed. In order for them not to move, jumpers are mounted, which will then be removed. The step between the rafter legs must be observed such that it will facilitate the simple installation of the insulation.
• The entire area from above is tightened with a hydrobarrier membrane.
• What material should be used for the crate is usually indicated in the recommendations for the flooring that is planned to be used.
• The last step is to insulate the roof. This is usually done with mineral wool. This is a very important stage, because it will reduce heat losses and reduce the cost of various types of fuel.

It is better to close the gables as soon as possible. This must be done so that the wind does not blow precipitation inward. So moisture will not accumulate and destroy the building material.

Interior and exterior decoration

It is advisable not to leave the walls bare for a long period. Their finishing can be carried out in parallel with roofing work. For the outside, the ideal solution would be insulation with foam. It is fastened with the help of special dowels-umbrellas. It's better to start from the bottom. First of all, a metal starting bar is mounted. In its role can be a profile for drywall. It needs to be leveled, which will simplify the task in the future. A hole is drilled through the insulation sheet using a perforator in the wall. Glue is applied to the back of the insulation; ordinary polyurethane foam with low expansion can act as its role. Each element should fit snugly against the previous one. During installation, it is advisable to check the evenness of the surface with a level. After that, the entire surface is covered with glue intended for this purpose. Together with its application, a reinforcing mesh is laid, which will prevent the appearance of dents from impacts. The final layer will be a decorative finish. It can be bark beetle or embossed plaster.

The house can be sheathed with siding. In this case, mineral wool can also be used for insulation. A product with a high density is suitable, for example, foam. First, the crate is mounted under the cladding. After that, a heater is inserted into the space between the beams. You can fix it to the wall in the same way as the foam.

As noted above, it will be almost impossible to use plaster for interior decoration. But this is not a problem, because you can sheathe the rooms with drywall. This will compensate for any irregularities, as well as apply the desired finish to it. It is important to take care of the vapor barrier so that moisture does not seep into the cinder block.

It will take a sufficient amount of time to complete all these works. But with good organization and planning, you can meet acceptable deadlines. It is always interesting to look at finished projects. Share your observations and suggestions in the comments to this article.

Video

In this video you will see how you can make a cinder block at home:

Watch the process of laying the cinder block:

A photo

The first thing that interests the owners who have decided to build a house is how much it costs and who will perform the relevant work. But do not be afraid of difficulties, as you can always order the services of builders who are ready to do a quality job. And if cinder blocks are chosen as the building material, then the price will not be too high, although some variations are possible. The composition of the material can affect the cost when various fillers are added to concrete during production: expanded clay, slag, sand, screenings, and even broken bricks or sawdust.

The reputation of the manufacturer will also play a role. But each of us is interested in the strength and environmental friendliness of cinder blocks, which is also a very convincing argument when buying.

The basic cost of laying cinder blocks is 1600 rubles per 1 cubic meter. meter.
The cost of building a turnkey cinder block house for 1 m2 is 18,000 rubles. with materials.

Foundation

And when everything is already decided and calculated, then it's time to get to work. And the first thing that the team of masons does is the construction of a reliable foundation. Most often - this is a tape, rubble concrete or rubble foundation, which must be provided with waterproofing. For this, several layers of roofing impregnated with resin are quite suitable. And since the construction of cinder blocks is considered relatively light, it is possible to save money on strengthening the foundation.

Block types

To build a reliable house, cinder blocks of standard sizes (390 * 190 * 188 mm) are used, although there are larger parameters (400 * 200 * 200 mm). But the device of partitions needs semi-blocks (390 * 120 * 180 mm). But since the Moscow region is subject to noticeable seasonal temperature changes, a plasticizer can be added to it to increase frost resistance and save the solution. And if everything is done according to the rules, and professional masons guarantee this, then with all the democratic prices, the building will delight with its unshakable strength for many years.

Construction of walls from cinder blocks

But since the construction of a house presupposes its durability, the masons must try their best and do everything strictly according to the rules. Here, the construction technology is already selected in accordance with individual circumstances, depending on the purpose of the building, its location and the wishes of the customer. Usually, walls are laid in several ways: in half a stone, in 1 stone (butted), in one and a half and even 2 blocks. Most often, the erection of the walls of the house is carried out in dressing, when each subsequent row is laid with an offset of the seams in relation to the previous one.

And the most important thing is that the walls begin with perfectly even corners. And the first 2-3 rows will play a decisive role in the quality of the entire structure.

Prices and benefits

And although each brigade has its own prices, but in the Moscow region, as well as throughout the country, the speed of construction, provided by the size of cinder blocks, will work to reduce the cost of construction. Moreover, there is no need to worry about sound insulation, and due to the hollowness of the blocks (from 28 to 60%), heat is also saved. Filler is used for insulation. And in order not to risk thermal insulation properties, the solution should not be applied with a layer thicker than 1-1.5 cm, as well as pour it inside.