Choose htv for gas or wood burning boiler. Solid fuel boilers: an overview of models and choosing the best
To build an autonomous heating system in a private house, you can use different methods. And, by the way, it can be of a very different design - there are simpler models, and there are more demanding ones. At the same time, it affects the choice of the type of boiler and what kind of fuel the owner of the house is going to heat. There are installations, liquid fuels, wood, pellets, coal. We are also interested in solid fuel boilers: we will consider an overview of the models and the choice of the best among them in this material.
The principle of operation and features of a solid fuel boiler
Before proceeding to compare manufacturers and models of such units, let's figure it out - what kind of installation is this? This is a special device that is designed to burn a certain type of solid fuel for the purpose of heating (for example, water), which, circulating through the pipes inside the house, will heat it, giving off the accumulated heat. In theory, solid fuel is an ordinary stove that has a special container with water. A pipe circuit is connected to this storage tank, through which the heated liquid goes on a journey around the house.
Fuel is supplied to such a unit manually, although in industrial plants this process is automated. Various solid (most often natural) materials are used as fuel for the boiler - usually coal, peat, wood, fuel pellets, coke, wood chips, etc.
On a note! Thanks to solid fuel boilers, it is possible to establish the process of recycling woodworking waste - wood chips and sawdust. Thus, the units perform not only a heating function. Their use is justified in those areas where the woodworking industry is widely developed.
Typically, solid fuel boilers are used in cottages, as well as for heating small workshops. Some owners of private houses do not bother buying the installation in the store at all, since this device can be made by hand, because its design is extremely simple.
- Fuel through the furnace door is placed into the combustion chamber manually and ignited.
- Water is heated in the lower part of the heating circuit - the so-called heat exchanger, made of metal.
- Through a special pump or in the process of natural circulation, heated water enters the pipe system and flows through them.
- In the process of circulation, the water gives off the heat accumulated in the heat exchanger.
- The liquid returns to the boiler already cooled down, where it is heated again, and the process is repeated again.
- Emissions (smoke) resulting from the combustion of fuel exit through the chimney.
Now solid fuel boilers are sold in many hardware stores, these devices are reliable, unpretentious, easy to maintain, and therefore are in demand. Installations come in various sizes and shapes - square, rectangular, round. Also, they can differ from each other in power and other parameters.
To avoid overheating (and such a phenomenon takes place), the boiler can be equipped with an overtemperature protection system. For example, cold water can be added to the heat exchanger at the signal of a special temperature sensor. Also, a buffer tank can be installed at the outlet of the installation, where liquid of excessively high temperatures will be mixed with cold liquid - thus the system is cooled in this case.
Advantages and disadvantages
Solid fuel - far from ideal heating installations. They, like other units, have their advantages and disadvantages. Knowing the latter will help determine the choice of model, as well as decide whether such a boiler is needed in the house.
Advantages of using solid fuel boilers:
- relatively low price, which was achieved due to the simplicity of the design;
- the possibility of using different types of fuel in one installation;
- raw materials for the boiler are relatively inexpensive;
- a solid fuel boiler does not need to be connected to the mains, its operation does not depend on the presence of electricity in the house;
- high reliability of the installation - one might say, non-failure operation;
- high level of heat transfer;
- it is possible to install such a unit without the consent of the supervisory authorities;
- a modern automated boiler should be fired up only once at the beginning of the season (individual models);
- a large selection of boilers on the market;
- The efficiency reaches 85% or more.
Disadvantages of using solid fuel boilers:
Types of solid fuel boilers
In general, all solid fuel boilers are the same - they have a firebox for burning fuel, a heat exchanger, they work regularly to heat a residential or non-residential premises. But still, installations are of different types and differ from each other in various parameters and performance characteristics.
Table. Types of boilers operating on solid fuels.
| Criteria | Varieties |
|---|---|
| There are boilers both single-circuit and double-circuit. The former are used only for heating. They are equipped with one heat exchanger, which heats the water circulating through the heating circuit. The double-circuit boiler has two circuits, respectively, and is designed both for heating the house and for heating water for household needs. It will allow you to take a shower, wash dishes with warm water and save the owner of the house from buying a boiler to heat the liquid. |
| If we divide all the boilers on this basis, we will see that there are units that have a cast-iron or steel heat exchanger. Cast iron are highly resistant to corrosion, reliability, durability, and the ability to retain heat for a sufficiently long time. But such installations are very heavy and expensive. Also, a cast iron unit is overly sensitive to sudden changes in temperature - because of this, cracks can form in it. A boiler with a steel heat exchanger will cost the owner of the house much less than a cast-iron one, but it is afraid of rust and also cools down faster. But it is easier to install and deliver due to its low weight. Cast iron and steel boilers are slightly different from each other and in design. In steel, the cooling system will be located directly inside the unit. But the cast-iron installation has cooling at the water supply to the boiler. |
| Boilers are gas-generating (pyrolysis) and classic (traditional). The former have two special gas-tight chambers, which are located one above the other and are interconnected by a nozzle. The upper chamber burns fuel at a low oxygen content, and as a result, gas generator gas is released, which burns in the second chamber. There is additional heating. Due to this, the efficiency of such a boiler is as high as possible (up to 92%). Such a boiler is more environmentally friendly, and it has to be cleaned much less frequently. |
| Volatile (with additional draft) and non-volatile boilers differ from each other in the presence of the first special fan that directs air into the combustion chamber. The blades of the installation rotate due to the electric drive. In a non-volatile boiler, air is supplied naturally. |
| Some boilers have a special hopper that contains fuel that is automatically fed into the installation system. It can be fine coal, pellets, shavings and other small-fraction fuels. If you fill the hopper with fuel, then you can not think about loading into the installation for several days. A conventional boiler will have to be loaded every few hours. |
Fuel for boilers
Various solid materials can be used as fuel for the above-described units; thus, boilers can also be divided according to the type of fuel that is used:
- coal installations;
- wood boilers;
- boilers on pellets (fuel pellets);
- plants operating on peat briquettes;
- installations on mixed fuel (in these it is possible to burn different types of fuel).
All the boilers in question, according to the manufacturers, have been operating for at least 10 years. However, it can be said with confidence that the installations can serve for longer periods - up to 30 years - provided that they are carefully and properly used.
Popular manufacturers and models
There are many models on the market of solid fuel boilers that are worthy of choice, however, if there is a desire to purchase a reliable and high-quality device, then it makes sense to consider the products of the following brands:
- Zota;
- Pereko;
- Buran;
- Viessmann;
- Stropuva;
- Heiztechnik and others.
Let's take a closer look at the most popular models. For example, a wood-fired boiler, Stropuva S10. It is usually used for heating small rooms, while it does not need to be loaded with fuel for three days. The boiler has a high efficiency (90%), does not depend on the availability of electricity in the house, has a small size and attractive appearance. The main disadvantage is the high price (about 94,100 rubles).
The Dakon DOR F 16 boiler already works on coals, and not on wood. At the same time, it is contraindicated to load firewood into it. But on the other hand, the unit is able to burn even low-quality or damp coal. Excellent heat dissipation, high efficiency, independence from the power supply and low weight are the main advantages of this installation. The boiler is protected against overheating. The price is from 45,600 rubles.
The installation called Zota Pellet 25A consumes ordinary fuel pellets as fuel - one of the most economical types of fuel. Such a boiler can be safely called ultra-modern - it is equipped with an LCD display, a pleasant design. It is possible to control different pumps, and ignition is carried out thanks to electricity. The efficiency is quite high. The installation is capable of heating large areas, and the main drawback is the high price (from 196,000 rubles).
The Viessmann Vitoligno 100 VL1A025 30 kW boiler is pyrolysis and runs only on wood for 10 hours with a full load of the fuel chamber. Able to heat quite large areas - up to 350 m 2. At the same time, the boiler will definitely remind you when it needs to add firewood. The efficiency is moderately high (87%), and the power is very large. But with regard to fuel, the boiler is capricious and is very expensive (204,600 rubles).
Among long-burning boilers, Stropuva S 40 is in demand, which will work on 50 kg of ordinary firewood for about 70 hours, and even with an efficiency of 95%. With its help, it will be possible to warm up a room with an area of up to 400 m 2. Pellets, coal, coke can also be used as fuel.
Among cast iron installations, a very popular model is the Lamborghini WBL 7, which has good thermal insulation, excellent efficiency (90%), and the ability to control power. A fully loaded combustion chamber is enough to operate the boiler for 12 hours. The installation heats a room up to 280 m 2 in area. The cost is about 76,900 rubles.
Steel Bosch Solid 2000 B K 16-1 is a great way to save money, but buy a quality unit. It is versatile in relation to fuel, besides it is very easy to maintain. Steel, by the way, is used for the production of this boiler of high quality, and therefore the installation will serve for a long time and will not burn out. Very reliable and with excellent appearance model. The price is from 52,400 rubles.
If there is a desire to buy a boiler, but there is very little money, then the best choice is the inexpensive GEFEST KVO 20 TE from the Siberia manufacturer. It costs mere pennies compared to other models (19,750 rubles), but at the same time it is reliable and burns both coal and firewood well. The unit is enough to heat a room up to 200 m2.
Prices for solid fuel boilers
solid fuel boilers
Choosing a boiler for the house
The choice of a solid fuel boiler is a responsible matter, especially if it is planned to purchase an expensive unit. However, if you know all the intricacies of work and the characteristics of the installations, then choosing a device will be quite simple.
Step 1. First you need to decide which fuel will be most convenient to use. Here you should pay attention to prices. In some regions it is cheaper to buy coal, in others - wood.
Step 2 It is important to decide whether you need a boiler that can heat water for domestic needs, or it will only work for heating. If hot water is needed in large volumes, then it is advisable to buy a single-circuit boiler, and in addition to it, take a boiler. If water is needed in relatively small volumes, then it makes sense to buy a two-circuit unit.
Step 3 Choosing the right boiler power is also not an easy task, since with its excess it will be a pity for the funds spent on a more powerful installation, while with a shortage it will be too cold in the house, and the equipment will spend all its resources to warm the room.
Advice! You can choose the power of the boiler based on the heat loss of the house. It is easy to determine them: the total area of \u200b\u200bthe house is taken, multiplied by the height of the ceilings, and the resulting figure is multiplied again, but by a factor of 0.041. The result will be equal to the required power of the boiler (+ - 10%).
Step 4 Now you should choose the material from which the heat exchanger should be made - cast iron or steel. In order to save money, you can buy a steel installation.
Step 5 An important factor when choosing a unit is ease of maintenance. You should not take a boiler that is difficult to maintain and operate, especially if there is not so much time to mess around with it. The same applies to the duration of the installation without additional fuel supply.
Step 6 It is worth choosing an installation with maximum efficiency - the higher this indicator, the more efficient the unit works, which means that it is more economical.
Video - How to choose for home
The modern one is equipped with a double-circuit solid fuel boiler with a storage tank for hot water
Models of solid fuel heating equipment are an excellent alternative to their counterparts that run on liquid or liquefied fuel. Recently, boilers designed for long burning have been in great demand. They are able to work offline for several tens of hours. When choosing the best device modifications, you should be guided by consumer reviews. The rating of equipment included in the top 5 most popular models of 2016-2017 will greatly simplify the task.
Working on solid fuel, it is a good alternative to its counterparts running on natural gas, diesel fuel or electricity. Such equipment is especially in demand in non-gasified areas or remote from regional centers, as well as where there are constant interruptions in the operation of power lines. Solid fuels are produced for both industrial and domestic use.
Varieties of solid fuel boilers
In the heating equipment market, boilers are presented in a wide range from different manufacturers. In turn, companies have several lines of their equipment, of which there are many models. This circumstance greatly complicates the choice of the optimal variant for specific working conditions. Therefore, solid fuel can be divided into several categories:
Advice. Boilers with an efficiency of 83 - 90% have an optimal ratio of the volume of the fuel chamber / burning time. At the same time, they operate at the maximum power declared by the manufacturer.
Rating of boilers by type of fuel
Solid fuel boilers are highly versatile. Models designed to work on wood or coal can be used as fuel pellets or briquettes. Based on the technical characteristics of the equipment and reviews of experts and ordinary consumers, you can rank the best models.
Stropuva S 40
A long-burning boiler that runs on wood, coal or wood briquettes takes first place in this rating. The equipment of the Lithuanian-Russian company STROPUVA has the highest efficiency equal to 95%. The impressive volume of the firebox is 320 dm. cube holds 50 kg of fuel. Depending on the mode of operation, one boot of the device ensures uninterrupted operation from 31 to 130 hours. The maximum heated area of the premises is 400 sq.m. It is also designed to run on pellets or coke. Its design provides for one heating circuit, which determines its use only for the heating system. The power of the device is 40 kW, liquid temperature 85 °C, operating pressure 2 bar.
Zota Pellet 25
The boiler is designed to work on wood pellets and ranks second in the ranking. Domestic products are equipped with an LCD display that displays all the necessary information: current status, operating mode setting, errors, etc. The automation system is able to control and manage both the equipment itself and secondary devices. For example, it is able to control up to five circulation pumps of the heating system and underfloor heating. The pellet boiler has a high efficiency of 90%, its power of 25 kW is able to effectively heat a house up to 250 sq.m. One full load ensures uninterrupted operation of the equipment up to 50 hours.
Attention! Boilers operating on briquetted fuel and wood pellets are equipped with an automatic furnace loading system. This feature significantly increases the duration of burning and autonomous operation of the equipment.
Buderus Logano G221-20
The third place is occupied by a German boiler, which has high reliability and stability in its work. It does not have automatic fuel loading, and the maximum length of logs should not exceed 68 cm. High efficiency of 90% and power from 10 to 20 kW compensate for minor shortcomings. The heat exchanger made of cast iron has a high heat transfer coefficient, which ensures rapid heating of the medium to the required temperature. The device can work on wood, coal and coke.
Protherm Beaver 50 DLO
A cast-iron boiler from a Slovak manufacturer ranks fourth. It has fairly high technical characteristics: efficiency - 90%, power - from 35 to 40 kW, depending on the type of fuel, liquid temperature - 90 ° C, operating pressure - 2 bar (maximum - 3 bar), heated area - up to 260 sq.m. The low level of heat loss is due to the use of inorganic wool as an insulating material between the furnace and the equipment body.
Teplodar Kupper OK30
Domestic products are ranked fifth. This is due to the relatively low efficiency of 84%. Due to the high power of 39 kW, it is able to heat the liquid to operating temperature in 20 minutes. It is able to effectively heat a house up to 300 square meters. The boiler is designed to work on wood, pellets, coal, and if necessary, natural gas or electricity can be used as fuel. All its advantages raise the equipment to a fairly high place.
Advice. The boiler, equipped with a cast-iron heat exchanger, has a high degree of heat transfer and service life, which increases its efficiency and reliability several times.
Boiler rating by price
The cost of heating equipment plays one of the key roles when choosing the required model of a long-burning solid fuel boiler. In each price segment there are the best models that are able to meet almost all consumer requirements:
budget class
The low cost of heating equipment does not mean low performance, reliability and lack of stable operation. In this class there are models that are perfect for summer cottages and small private houses:
standard class
The leader in this segment is the Lamborghini WBL 7 boiler. It has a high efficiency of 90%, heat and sound insulation characteristics. The power of 30 kW allows you to heat the area up to 270 square meters. Autonomy of work on one full load - 12 hours, maximum water temperature - 90 ° C.
The second place is occupied by the Czech boiler Viadrus Hercules U22D-4. Due to its efficiency of 80% and a power of 20 kW, it effectively heats a house of 180 - 200 sq.m. Possesses high heat-insulating and sound-proofing properties. Fuel consumption is 6.8 kg/h. The only negative is that it works exclusively on wood.
Alpine Air Solidplus 4 takes the third position. Easy to maintain and operate, boiler power - 26 kW, efficiency - 70%, water temperature: minimum - 30 ° C, maximum - 90 ° C, operating pressure - 3 bar. Runs on wood or charcoal.
Premium class
- First place. Biomaster BM-15 is equipped with an ash pan auto-cleaning system, the volume of the fuel chamber is from 200 to 400 l, efficiency is 95%, power is 16 kW. High performance allows the boiler to be used in multi-storey buildings or hotels, industrial buildings, etc.
- Second place. Viessmann Vitoligno Its power of 30 kW and efficiency of 90% allow heating an area up to 399 sq.m. One download is enough for battery life up to 40 hours. The automation system ensures reliable and stable operation.
- Third place. Candle S. A distinctive feature is the combustion of only the upper part of the fuel. One download provides up to 36 hours of operation. Efficiency 85 - 90%, power from 5 to 35 kW, depending on the model. Operating pressure - 180 kPa, coolant temperature 90 ° C, fuel consumption - 0.29 kg / h.
Solid fuel boilers effectively heat one-story and multi-story private houses, industrial premises: workshops, warehouses, etc., as well as various institutions: schools, kindergartens, hospitals.
How to choose a solid fuel boiler: video
"gas-solid fuel".
After carrying out all the work on capital construction and conducting water supply, the next thing to do is to take care of heating the house. A combination boiler can come to the rescue.
You can find out the price and buy heating equipment and related products from us. Write, call and come to one of the stores in your city. Delivery across all territory of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries.
The gas-solid fuel boiler is becoming more and more popular with property owners every year. Its main advantage is that it combines the possibility of using several types of fuel: gas, wood, pellets, coal, ...
Gas-solid fuel boiler Atem Zhytomyr-9
Accordingly, this type of equipment saves money well and allows you not to depend on a particular type of fuel and its presence or absence. If the main type of fuel runs out, the combined gas-solid fuel boiler will switch to the use of an auxiliary type of fuel.
Before purchasing a combi boiler "gas-solid fuel", you must consider the following:
- Combined units with a capacity of less than 40 kW are mounted in any room. Those larger than 40 kW require a separate space (boiler room).
- The boiler room will require an area of at least 12 m² with a height of at least 2.2 m.
- The floor and walls of the room must be lined with ceramic tiles or plaster, that is, with a material that does not burn.
- The room should be equipped with ventilation, as well as windows facing the street. The size of the windows must be calculated according to the capacity of the boiler.
- Where chimney floor slabs and roofing cake, fire-prevention cuts are installed, and the pipe is separated with a mineral sealant that does not burn.
- To increase the traction force, a deflector and a spark extinguisher are attached to the chimney head.
If you decide to connect a gas-solid fuel boiler to gas on the main, you must remember that the first “start-up” is carried out in the presence of a Gas Service inspector. He must also put a mark in the boiler document on putting it into operation.
gas firewood
The advantage of universal gas-firewood heating boilers lies in autonomy: a smooth transition of the system to burning wood in the absence of gas. Also, if desired, you can connect the structure, because the necessary connections and pipes are attached to the boilers.
Such universal gas-firewood boilers can be single-circuit and double-circuit, so it will not be difficult to connect or heat water in a flowing way.
The disadvantages include the large dimensions of such units. Most often they require a separate room for installation, and imply complicated service. Typically, such boilers are produced only on the floor type.
Combined gas-firewood boilers for the home imply increased requirements. The rules and regulations for operation are described in PPB, SNiP and SP.
The combined gas-firewood boiler for a private house includes the following elements:
- Furnace chamber. It is made from cast iron or steel. The boiler can be with one firebox or two (more convenient). In the double version, firewood is burned in the upper section, and firewood is installed in the lower section.
- Contours of hot water supply and heating. They are produced by companies specifically for heating, or for heating to receive hot water (two-circuit). DHW heating in a flow way.
The universal gas-firewood heating boiler assumes savings. This can be verified by looking at the following table.
High-quality wood and gas equipment is produced in Russia: Zota MIX, Kupper PRO (Teplodar), Karakan (STEN), PARTNER (KOSTER), STS (Steel Solid Fuel Systems). As well as foreign companies: Austria and Germany ("Wirbel"), Finnish concern "Jaspi" and others.
It should be noted that in foreign analogues, defects in the assembly and are less likely to be noticed. They boast reliability and quality. However, the domestic manufacturer is constantly improving in accordance with the wishes of customers.
Prices for combined heating boilers "wood-gas" depend on the country of manufacture, on the brand's popularity. For example, the company model "PARTNER" ("BONfire") will cost an average of 23 thousand rubles. Much will depend on the configuration, power and other indicators. But "Jaspi" will pull on all 130 thousand rubles. The run is large, however, unlike the Finnish one, where everything is regulated by automation, in the Russian counterpart, all boiler settings will have to be carried out independently.
coal-gas
The universal gas-coal boiler is environmentally friendly and easy to maintain. However, when choosing this type of construction, you will have to constantly monitor the presence of solid fuel, because coal runs out quickly. If suddenly you come to the conclusion that "two in one" does not suit you, then you can always replace the burner - and the boiler will already work on natural gas.
Most often, a combined coal-gas boiler is allowed to be fired with firewood. For example, in the technical characteristics of the double-circuit model "Berezka V" of the manufacturer "Atem", the item "fuel" indicates "natural gas / coal" (see table). However, buyers use such a boiler for heating and firewood.
| Manufacturer and model | Characteristic |
|---|---|
| ATEM (Zhytomyr, Ukraine) Berezka V | The boiler is made of steel, is universal and absolutely independent of electricity. Acts as a budget solution for heating cottages, utility rooms, outbuildings. Units of brand "B" are created with the production of consumer hot water. Fuel - natural gas / anthracite (coal). The area of the heated room is 125 m². Rated thermal power - 12.5 kW. The maximum gas consumption is 1.5 m³/h. Nominal gas pressure (min / max) - Pa 1274 + 100 (635/1794). The working water pressure is 0.1 MPa. Efficiency when using solid fuel - 78%. Efficiency when using natural gas - 90%. Weight - 119 kg. DHW water consumption - 280 l / h. The combustion chamber is open (chimney). The number of circuits is two-circuit. |
Gas-coal-firewood
The advantage of the gas-firewood-coal boiler is that it does not depend on electricity. This allows you to create autonomous heating systems. Fuel for such a unit is available in any locality and, moreover, at a low price. The wood-coal-gas boiler from the manufacturers listed in the table below is easy to service and has an attractive design.
| Manufacturer and model | Characteristic |
|---|---|
| KSTG-10 outbreak (Russia) | This company has been on the market since 2003. It is a dynamically developing and reliable manufacturer. Boiler type - single-circuit. The combustion chamber is open. Installation - outdoor. Heating area - 200 m². Power - 20 kW. Gas is natural. Operating temperatures - 95 ºС. Efficiency - 77%. Weight - 70 kg. |
| Outbreak KSTGV-12.5 (Russia) | This model of the "coal-firewood-gas" boiler is non-volatile and stable when operating at reduced gas pressure. Due to the optimal design of the combustion chamber, the boiler has a high efficiency. Built-in water heater that provides hot water. Includes a gas pressure regulator. The body of a copper is steady against difference of temperatures. Type - double-sided. The combustion chamber is open. Installation - outdoor. Heating area - 125 m². Power - 12.5 kW. Gas is natural. Type of solid fuel - firewood, coal. Boiler - built-in. Operating temperatures - 95 ºС. The material of the heat exchanger is steel. Efficiency - 83%. Automatic shutdown - no. Weight - 120 kg. |
| Raton KS-T-12.5 (Belarus) | The boilers are designed for heating individual residential houses, buildings and structures equipped with continuous water heating systems with natural coolant circulation and an open expansion vessel. Type - single-circuit. The combustion chamber is open. Installation - outdoor. Heating area - 130 m². Power - 12.5 kW. Type of solid fuel - firewood, coal,. Display is not. The material of the heat exchanger is steel. Ignition is mechanical. Efficiency - 77%. Weight - 138 kg. The service life of the boilers is at least 15 years. |
| Brestselmash KST 12.5 kW (Belarus) | According to the type of fuel, the boilers manufactured by JSC "Brestselmash" belong to multi-fuel boilers designed for burning solid and gaseous fuels by means of re-equipment that does not require the dismantling of the boiler. Installation - outdoor. Heating area - 125 m². Power - 12.5 kW. Gas is natural. Type of solid fuel - firewood, coal, peat. Display is not. Operating temperatures - up to 95 ºС. The material of the heat exchanger is steel. Efficiency - 90%. Weight - 180 kg. Designed for heat supply and hot water supply of residential buildings and buildings for domestic purposes, equipped with water heating systems with natural circulation, with a working water pressure of up to 0.1 MPa (1.0 kgf / cm²) and a maximum water temperature at the outlet of the boiler up to 95 C°. |
| Boiler PARTNER 24 (Russia) | The advantages of this company's products are in their own innovative unique design developments. The manufacturer carries out guaranteed high-quality components, raw materials and materials. This is a stable high-tech production. The combustion chamber is closed. Installation - outdoor. Power - 24 kW. Type of solid fuel - firewood, coal. Efficiency - 80%. Weight - 108 kg. Height - 79.5 cm. Width - 42 cm. |
Firewood-coal-pellets-gas
Currently, these units are offered by: the manufacturer of the universal boiler "Cooper" "gas-firewood-coal-pellets", the manufacturer "Raton" and others.
A large selection (pellets, firewood, coal, gas) gives such a boiler a great advantage. In the absence of one type of fuel, you can always switch to another type and stay warm.
| Manufacturer and model | Characteristic |
|---|---|
| Teplodar Kupper OK15 (Russia) | Boiler type - single-circuit. The combustion chamber is closed. Installation - outdoor. Heating area - 150 m². Power - 15 kW. Gas is natural. Display is not. Efficiency - 78%. The diameter of the chimney pipe is 150 mm. Weight - 98 kg. Double-turn heating system, formed by a removable visor, which ensures complete flame extinguishing in the tube sheet. In addition to the standard water jacket, the firebox has a heat exchanger. Power regulation from 30 to 100% (combustion regulator can be installed on the boilers). A spacious firebox that allows you to load firewood 400 mm long horizontally and 500 mm vertically, or two buckets of coal. The presence of a tubular electric heater allows you to maintain heating systems after the end of the combustion process. |
| Raton KS-TG-35U (Belarus) | Boiler type - single-circuit. The combustion chamber is open. Installation - outdoor. Heating area - 340 m². Power - 35 kW. Gas is natural. Type of solid fuel - firewood, pellets, coal, peat. Display is not. Ignition - electric. Operating temperatures - 95 ºС. The material of the heat exchanger is steel. Efficiency - 77%. The boiler is designed for heating residential buildings, which are equipped with continuous heating systems with natural or forced circulation of the coolant. |
| Teplodar Uyut-10 (Russia) | "Uyut" are budget heating boilers for rooms up to 100 sq. m. The furnace is in a horizontal position, which allows heating the boiler with firewood up to 0.5 m long. The high efficiency of the boiler is ensured by the original design of the water circuit: stagnant zones are excluded, and the area of the heat-removing surface is increased to 1.1 sq.m. Possibility of installing a gas or pellet burner. Boiler type - single-circuit. The combustion chamber is closed. Installation - outdoor. Heating area - 100 m². Power - 10 kW. Gas is natural. Type of solid fuel - firewood, pellets, coal. Display is not. Ignition is mechanical. Efficiency - 72%. The diameter of the chimney pipe is 115 mm. Weight - 67 kg. |
gas pellets
A pellet-gas boiler is equipment that easily changes its operation from heating with one type of fuel to heating with another. This usually happens within 15 minutes.
It is also possible to replace the burner in the event of a conversion. Many models have a tubular electric heater available.
It is allowed to connect a balloon.
Efficiency pellet-gas boiler reaches 90%.
The unit has several combustion chambers. The kit includes two burners, as well as many regulating and locking devices. It has a high degree of security and automation. But despite this, a gas-pellet boiler, like any combined gas boiler, requires compliance with the norms of PPB, SNiP (some excerpts are described at the beginning of the article).
Do not forget to clean the boiler from time to time. During maintenance, it is necessary to remove accumulated wood dust, soot from the electric drive and moving elements.
What do you need to work on pellets?
To convert the boiler to fuel pellets, you need to install a pellet burner, which is connected to the fuel bunker. After all operations, the operation of the boiler is as follows:
- along the conveyor from the fuel bunker, the granules enter the burner;
- electric ignition occurs immediately by means of a piezoelectric element;
- a built-in fan is activated in the burner, which increases the pressure, and the combustion of the pellets occurs at a high temperature raised artificially.
Typically, gas-pellet boilers are made from cast iron, and due to their large dimensions and weight, the structure is placed on a concrete base.
What do you need to run on gas?
Pellet boilers with a gas burner are connected, first of all, to cylinders and. Such units are gaining popularity in the construction of houses and plots where natural gas is planned to be carried out soon.
To connect a gas burner, it is necessary, first, to close the unused furnace with an airtight hatch. Then, in a place specially designated for gas equipment, you need to install a burner fixture. After all, set the switch to gas consumption. Everything. Alteration took no more than 15 minutes of time.
Combined boiler Wirbel ECO-CK 20
Firewood-pellets-gas
If you are interested in the design of this type of heating, the table below describes the manufacturer of gas, solid fuel and pellet boilers, its most popular model and a brief description.
| Manufacturer and model | Characteristic |
|---|---|
| Atmos DC 18 SP (Czech Republic) | The new series of combi boilers "ATMOS" DC 15EP(L), DC 18SP(L), DC 25SP(L), DC 32SP(L) allows ecological combustion of wood according to the generator gasification principle in combination with a burner for pellets, natural gas or extra light fuel oils (depending on which burner is built into the boiler). Boiler type - single-circuit. The combustion chamber is open. Installation - outdoor. Heating area - 300 m². Power - 20.5 kW. Type of solid fuel - firewood, pellets. Display is not. Boiler - external (optional). Boiler volume: 78 l. The material of the heat exchanger is steel. Overheating protection - yes. Frost protection yes. Thermostat - yes. Ignition is mechanical. Efficiency - 92%. Weight - 429 kg. The advantage of this model is that the boiler takes up less space compared to a large number of boilers. With regard to environmental operation, the boiler, according to CSN EN 303-5, belongs to the 3rd class. |
Thus, combined boilers for heating a house are an excellent option for obtaining not only heat, but also saving money. Since there is always a choice of fuel and its autonomous switching, in the absence of one specific type of fuel, your home will be heated at any time of the year. Combined boilers for solid fuel and gas are reliability, high performance and versatility.
The attractiveness of combined boilers is due to their versatility and independence from any specific fuel resource. These units have different combinations.
The advantages and disadvantages of one of them are described in detail below - a combined solid fuel and gas boiler. Design features and rationality of fuel use are given in detail for the decision to purchase by future owners.
Fuel types - advantages and disadvantages
For this type of combined unit, it is typical to use any type of solid fuel and traditional gas. Firewood, coal, pellets, peat briquettes are suitable for burning in such a boiler. To choose the most productive type, you should consider all the pros and cons of solid fuel. So:
Before buying a solid fuel heating system, the owner of a private house should think about the availability of the listed options - not all boilers can use coal for long-term burning.
Types of solid fuel boilers - what to look for when buying
The manufacturer offers its customers multiple models of solid fuel boilers. Their types are numerous. So, a universal gas-solid fuel boiler can be represented by several classifications.
Productivity
Here, boilers can be divided into single- and double-circuit. If the goal of the owners is only heating, then it is worth purchasing the first option. Its advantages are compactness and reduced cost.
To generate domestic hot water, two circuits are required. It can be provided with one circuit if a boiler is used, but then the cost of the entire installation will increase, and the temperature at the outlet will be lower than from the circuit.
According to the material of manufacture
As a rule, solid fuel and gas heating boilers are made of steel or cast iron. What to choose? Fuel, or rather, the combustion temperature affects the filling of the boiler. Coal has the highest efficiency, therefore, it can, over time, burn through the walls of the heat exchanger of a solid fuel boiler - for it they acquire a cast-iron version, heavy and durable.
However, this does not mean its sinlessness - such an alloy is fragile and when transferring the unit, it can be easily damaged. It also reacts to sudden changes in temperature - cold water will cause cracks in the heat exchanger. It is better to choose a combined option - a steel body, cast iron coils.
By type of burner
This rule is relevant for gas equipment. Burners are as follows: atmospheric, that is, with natural blast, fan - with forced, one-, two-stage and others.
The advantages of one over the other can be learned from professionals or sales consultants. The solid fuel and gas heating boiler can be equipped with several options.
By type of traction
Both solid and gaseous fuels need forced blasting. Therefore, we can only talk about natural circulation when burning wood or coal. With the proviso that the boiler power does not exceed 40 kW.
By carrier circulation
It's about using a water pump. It may not apply only in the case of small heated houses on one floor. For the second "tier" and an area of more than 100 m², its presence is mandatory. The universal gas-solid fuel boiler is usually equipped with one or more units.
By configuration
Allocate full, partial or lack thereof. Of course, gas definitely needs more equipment than solid fuels. What is included? Automatic control unit, protection modes, signaling or shutdown in case of emergency.
As the saying goes, God saves the safe. Of course, a fully equipped unit is more expensive than simple structures, but, in the end, it will pay for itself.
By type of ignition
This classification refers more to the gas unit - a piezo or an automatic machine when the carrier is supplied.
By type of coolant
As a rule, heating boilers for solid fuel and gas use water as this. But this is not always advisable, since such a liquid carries corrosion with it.
In addition, in the absence of owners, the system can freeze and disable the entire unit.
Then, so that the irreparable does not happen, antifreeze is used - a special liquid for heating systems. Important - not antifreeze for cars! It contains harmful toxic substances, for example, ethylene glycol, a lethal dose for humans is only 400 mg.
It is important not to use such antifreeze in open expansion tanks, from where the evaporation of chemicals will inevitably begin. A big disadvantage for the use of antifreeze is poor heating and, accordingly, low heat transfer.
The answer lies on the surface - the main advantage of a combined boiler is energy independence from a particular type of fuel. That is, in the absence of main gas, we switch to a balloon carrier, and in the complete absence of such fuel, we replace it with firewood. More pluses:
The disadvantages of the unit are significant, and before purchasing them, you should take into account:
- Price. Sometimes, it exceeds the price for two separate units. It is understandable - it is better to use one installation, for which you have to pay. The country of origin also matters. Germany is offered too expensive, but its equipment is much more reliable than other foreign analogues.
- The need for coordination with gas services and connection by professionals. All this will also result in a certain amount. When buying, it is important to require a certificate from the seller, which will need to be presented to representatives of Gorgaz in order to connect a solid fuel and gas heating boiler.
- Some boilers can only operate on main gas. Balloon then excluded. This should be clarified before buying. You can, of course, and re-equip, but it's troublesome and expensive.
- Even the most super solid fuel and gas boiler cannot be completely independent of electricity. It will require forced ventilation or carrier circulation, a control unit, and an alarm. You can also use rechargeable batteries for this, but they still have to be charged, since the consumption goes quickly.
Despite the shortcomings, boilers for gas and solid fuels are popular. Future owners should only pay great attention to their needs in order to decide whether it is advisable for them to use a combined unit or not. It is possible that gas pipelines will not appear in the Ensk district for another hundred years.
To be or not to be? The eternal question can be safely addressed to the choice of equipment for heating a private house. It can take a long time to hope that gas will soon come to the village or to the outskirts, and perhaps hopes will be rewarded. But so that the expectation does not turn into tedious and cold, there is a great way to make life comfortable and cozy - to purchase a solid fuel-gas heating boiler.
Wood-burning boilers for home heating are still popular, despite the variety of models of gas and electric boilers, and there is a simple explanation for this: firewood is the most affordable type of fuel for country houses that are not connected to the main gas. The efficiency of modern wood-burning boilers is quite high, their efficiency reaches 85%, while not only firewood, but also pellets, as well as woodworking waste can be used as fuel.
Wood-burning boilers used for heating a country house are easy to connect and use - they are even easier to handle than a stove. They are safe as long as they are properly installed and operated. The only serious drawback of wood-burning boilers is the low level of automation of the process: fuel must be loaded into the boiler manually. The way out of the situation can be a boiler with a long burning function or a combined boiler that runs on solid fuel and has an additional diesel or gas burner or an electric heating element.
Despite the huge selection of models of wood-burning boilers, their device does not differ so much. Any wood-burning boiler for home heating necessarily has a fuel combustion chamber, a water heat exchanger, a chimney and an ash pan. The simplest wood-burning boiler in terms of design resembles a potbelly stove with a water jacket: when wood is burned in the furnace, water heats up and enters the heating system. The efficiency of such a boiler is low, and the consumption of firewood is significant, due to incomplete combustion of fuel, part of the money flies into the pipe in the literal sense of the word. The design of modern boilers with the function of long burning, of course, is more complicated; the device of such a boiler and its main elements are shown in the figure.
Firewood is loaded into the boiler through the top loading door at once in a large volume. The initial fuel combustion takes place in the gasification chamber. The flow of air, and with it the oxygen necessary for combustion, into this chamber is limited - this is how the intensity of combustion is regulated. In this mode, the firewood does not burn, but smolders with the formation of more heat, while the water is heated in the heat exchanger. But the combustion process does not end there: during smoldering, smoke is formed containing combustible gases. These gases enter the second chamber - the combustion chamber, which also serves as an ash pan. The air supply to this chamber is no longer limited, and with a sufficient amount of oxygen, afterburning of gases occurs. The combustion temperature of the gas-air mixture is very high, and the heating efficiency of the water heat exchanger in this chamber is also very high. As a result, the smoke is cleaned of ash and harmful combustible gases, which makes the new generation wood-burning boilers very environmentally friendly.
Pyrolysis is a process of long burning
Video - the principle of operation of a long-burning wood-burning boiler
Smoke is removed through a chimney channel connected to the chimney and pipe. To supply cold and discharge hot water from the heat exchanger, the boiler is equipped with branch pipes. They are connected to the heating system according to the selected scheme. Boilers of the new generation are equipped with automation, which makes it possible to simplify the maintenance of the boiler as much as possible:
- a temperature sensor that sends a signal to the primary air supply fan;
- pressure sensor, signaling the excess of the normal value;
- water pressure sensors in the system.
The efficiency of solid fuel boilers directly depends on the type and quality of fuel. If the boiler is designed to work on wood, coal and peat briquettes must not be loaded into it! This will reduce the efficiency of the boiler and may damage it. It is also not recommended to use poorly dried firewood and softwood for burning a wood-burning boiler - they burn with the formation of a large amount of steam, tar and soot, and the boiler will have to be cleaned much more often.
Wood boilers - choice
The choice of a wood-burning boiler must begin with the calculation of the required power - this parameter is indicated in the passport for the boiler and is measured in kilowatts. One kilowatt of boiler power is enough to heat ten square meters of a well-insulated room. For example, in the middle lane, a boiler with a power of 10 kW is needed to heat a house with an area of 100 square meters. For frosty days and poorly insulated rooms, a power reserve of 20-30% is required. When choosing, it is worth paying attention not only to the rated power, but also to the entire range in which the boiler can operate - in autumn and spring it is not advisable to heat the boiler at full power. If you plan to use the boiler also for hot water, then you will need an external boiler and an additional boiler power reserve based on the number of people permanently living in the house.
An important role is played by the material of the boiler - steel or cast iron. Steel boilers are lighter and have a simpler design of the furnace, which is easier to clean - just remove the ash from the ash pan. The smoke channel of steel boilers is longer, so the heat carrier is heated more efficiently. In cast iron boilers, the smoke channel is shorter, and a large heat exchange area is achieved due to the ribbed surface in which combustion products settle; the cast iron boiler will have to be cleaned using brushes, scrapers and a poker. At the same time, the heat capacity index of the boiler itself is higher for cast-iron models.
Electric wood boilers can be distinguished as a separate type, which, with the help of electricity, further increase efficiency. Modern automation monitors the combustion process and influences it with the help of valves that regulate the flow of incoming air into the furnace, so you can control the temperature in the furnace at a given level!
Wirbel steel wood burning boiler
An important indicator is the ratio of the volume of the loading chamber to the power of the boiler. In simpler terms, how many times a day you will have to approach the boiler to load fuel. For steel boilers, this figure is usually higher - an average of 1.5-2.5 l / kW versus 1.1-1.4 l / kW for cast iron ones - therefore, loading is carried out less often.
Be sure to check the availability of an emergency cooling system and clarify how it works. This system may be needed in case of overheating of the boiler and boiling water in the heat exchanger. Boilers with a separate emergency cooling circuit are safer, but if emergency cooling is arranged by abruptly draining the water from the heat exchanger and replacing it with cold water, make sure that the boiler is resistant to thermal shock.
Protection against burns is an important indicator, especially if unauthorized people or children have access to the boiler room. A useful option is heat-insulated firebox handles, protective covers and grates, thermal insulation of the most heated surfaces of the boiler.
Thermal protection of boilers is a prerequisite for safety
Wood boilers - installation requirements
Efficient and safe operation of a wood burning boiler is not possible without proper installation. How to install the boiler with your own hands without violating safety rules?
Installation location
Any wood-burning boiler consumes a fairly large amount of air during operation, therefore, for small-capacity boilers that can be installed in the common areas of the house, supply and exhaust ventilation is performed, and with a boiler power of more than 50 kW, it is necessary to equip a separate boiler room with a usable room volume of 8 cubic meters. Wood boilers are installed on a solid, even base with a fireproof coating - concrete, tile, porcelain stoneware. The walls must also be lined with non-combustible materials. The boiler room is equipped with forced ventilation.
Chimney Requirements
The chimney for a wood-burning boiler is made of stainless steel, ceramic or thick-walled metal pipe. Sandwich stainless steel chimneys are the best choice. They are easily assembled from various elements - pipes fastened with clamps, roof passages, unloading platforms. When bending such a chimney, bends are used at a certain angle. It is allowed to lead the chimney of the boiler not through the roof, but through the wall of the building. The height of the straight part of the chimney for stable draft in the boiler must be at least 6 meters for a 16 kW boiler and at least 10 meters for a 32 kW boiler, with a pipe diameter of 200 mm.
Service and maintenance
It is also necessary to clarify the terms of service and warranty service of the selected boiler model, the proximity of service centers and the possibility of calling specialists for installation and repair. It may happen that servicing a cheaper model will cost much more than analogues of well-known companies that have service centers in large cities.
Video - self-installation of solid fuel boilers
Wood boilers for home heating after installation are connected to the water heating system. For uninterrupted operation of the system, you can additionally install a heater tank on electric heating elements in it, in this case you do not have to throw firewood during a night's rest or absence from home.