DIY block machine - simple equipment for the manufacture of ceramic blocks, cinder blocks, wood concrete, gas silicate and other building blocks. Building Blocks: DIY

Building a house from blocks is moving faster than from bricks. You can buy them freely, but many make building blocks with your own hands.

Blocks in construction are used not only for the construction of walls. It also speeds up the use of building blocks for the foundation. Of course, these blocks must be very dense: 1.5 tons per 1 cubic meter. Making blocks with your own hands, if you look, is not such a super complicated matter.

And the beginning of everything is the manufacture of forms.

Forms

On sale there are forms for building blocks with standard sizes. And at home you can make building blocks sizes that suit you. We take sheet metal, cut out the required shape of the workpiece from it and weld the shape. They also make molds from wood, they are good for adobe blocks. The bottom is not needed here. But the handles on the sides will come in handy, it’s more convenient to work with them.

Material for homemade building blocks

The good thing about DIY building blocks is that they use material that you already have or you can easily purchase.

Basically, blocks are made on the basis of cement with different fillers, but craftsmen, like manufacturers sometimes, do without it. Depending on the material chosen, it is possible to manufacture home-made building blocks of the following types:

• cinder concrete;
• blocks based on liquid glass;
• adobe;
• chip concrete or arbolite.

How the filler is used:

• ash;
• slag;
• screenings;
• crushed stone;
• gypsum;
• perlite;
• expanded clay;
• sawdust;
• straw;
• broken brick and more.

Blocks without cement

The manufacture of building blocks using this technology is not available to everyone, because the mixture contains liquid glass. Is it possible to negotiate with the nearest reinforced concrete plant and buy the main component there. The mix will be:

• two dozen parts of river sand;
• one and a half dozen parts of liquid glass;
• 4 parts of chalk;
• 3 parts of slaked lime;
• 2 parts kaolin.

Manufacturing process

• First, the sand is sifted;
• chalk is added;
• everything mixes well;
• slaked lime is introduced;
• kaolin or brick crushed to a state of powder;
• liquid glass.

The feedstock should be homogeneous, pasty. Before pouring this dough-like mass, moisten the molds from the inside. If you wish, you can add color to the building blocks. To do this, add:

• chalk of any color;
• powdered red brick.

Fillers are added to such blocks: slag, expanded clay, shavings. Their strength is high - they are much stronger than cement.

Expanded clay blocks

Expanded clay concrete blocks- this is one of the types of cinder blocks, where expanded clay serves as a filler.

Compound

• cement - 1 part;
• expanded clay - 5 parts;
• sand - 3 parts;
• water - about one part.

Technology

The manufacturing technology of expanded clay concrete building blocks is, in general, the same as any other:

• the starting material is placed in pre-lubricated molds;
• rammed;
• the form is removed after 10 minutes;
• the product remains in place;
• after 12 hours it is transferred to a place protected from precipitation and direct sunlight.
• in warm weather, the blocks will become hard after a little less than a month.

If you plan to make thick walls (about 0.5 m), then blocks are better with voids. To do this, inserts made of wood are inserted into the mold: round or square. And so that they can be taken out well, before inserting them, wrap them in roofing iron.

Advantages

• light weight;
• frost resistance;
• breathability;
• moisture resistance;
• strength;
• small cost.

A house made of expanded clay concrete blocks is built faster than a brick house, less mortar is needed for masonry.

adobe blocks

Components

For this type of block, the material is literally underfoot. All it takes is:

• clay;
• straw;
• river sand;
• water.

Selection features

In order for the characteristics of the building blocks to meet all the requirements, you need to know something about the features of the selection of components:

1. It is better to prepare clay in the fall, cover it with a film and let it winter - this will improve its quality.
2. Sand first sift, freeing from impurities.
3. Straw can be taken to the field where wheat, rye or barley have just been harvested. If the straw remains from the harvest of the past year, then the quality will not be the same - after all, after lying down, it begins to sing.

How to determine the percentage of components

• clay - 1 cu. m;
• straw - 20 kg;
• sand - 25%.

In order not to spoil the entire batch of blocks, you need to make a small experimental batch. So we do it like this:

• connecting all the components small quantities and write down the proportions;
• we make a batch;
• form a ball;
• leave in the sun to dry for about 1 hour;
• We throw it on the ground at a height of a meter and a half.

If all components are matched to the right ratios, then the ball will remain intact. Added more sand than it should? It will break or crack. Not enough sand? The ball will float. So, in a practical way, we select the most best option.

Training

To prepare the mixture for several dozen blocks at once, you need to make a recess in the ground: round with a diameter of about 2.5 m or rectangular 1.5x2.5 with a depth of half a meter. Line the bottom with polyethylene. Although some kind of ready-made container is also suitable: a trough or an old bathtub. Then everything is as it was done in the old days: we put on high boots made of rubber and walk, mixing everything until smooth.

Manufacturing

• While the batch is in the manufacturing stage, we are preparing a platform for products: we select a flat sunny place;
• we bring the mixture with buckets;
• filling out forms;
• we compact;
• remove the excess by swiping the board along top edges forms;
• remove the form.

Finished blocks should dry. This usually takes several days. It is important that they do not get rain. Then they are transferred to a shelter and dried again. Will be ready in 10 days.

A house made of adobe blocks turns out to be very warm and comfortable. In addition, this construction material environmentally friendly, durable, fireproof. It is used for buildings no higher than 2 floors.

Sawdust concrete blocks (arobolit)

The technology for manufacturing blocks from sawdust concrete is similar to the manufacture of adobe blocks, but the components need not be mined, but purchased.

Components

Before you start manufacturing, you need to purchase:

• cement - M300 or higher;
• sand - a fraction not larger than 1.8 Mcr;
• not slaked lime;
• sawdust (coniferous wood).

Preparing the Components

• sift sawdust;
• mix dry cement and sand;
• lime here and mix again;
• add sawdust and repeat the mixing procedure;
• pour water;
• In order for the components to adhere well to each other, we add calcium chloride or alumina sulfate;
• we control the quality of the mixture.

For quality control, roll the ball and squeeze it in the palms. If water flows, then there is too much of it in the mixture, if the ball crumbles, there is a lot of sawdust or sand.

Let's start manufacturing

• We line the form plastic wrap;
• lay the mixture;
• rammer;
• without removing from the mold, leave to harden for 5 days;
• take it out of the mold and dry it further.

The drying process will take a long time - from 1.5 to 3 months: it all depends on the mass of the block.

Equipment

If the construction is to be large-scale, then it may make sense to invest in equipment for building blocks. For example: there is a mini-machine for the production of wood concrete RPB-1500 BL on sale. Its productivity is 1 sawdust block with dimensions of 19 x 19 x 39 cm per minute. Issues Russian manufacturer- INTEK company.

Vibrating tables are widely used in the manufacture of building blocks. They allow you to solve the problem of ramming mixtures. The vibrating table consists of:

• movable table;
• engine;
• sometimes a transformer is included.

Compaction of the working mixture occurs under the influence of vibration created by the vibration motor.

Working cycle

• on the movable table we set the form;
• put in the mold half or completely dry mixture;
• start the engine;
• drying.

How to choose?

There are 3 types of vibrating plates capable of compacting material by weight:

• up to 75 kg;
• from 75 to 160 kg;
• from 160 kg.

Based on these indicators, you should choose the best vibrating table for yourself.

Manufacturers

They are released by:

• Russian company VPK;
• Stroymash LLC;
• plant "Red Poppy" in Yaroslavl and others.

Vibrating tables are also supplied by foreign manufacturers:

• Spain - Enar and Hervisa;
• Germany - Wacker;
• Italy - Batmatic;
• France - Paclite.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Building a house from blocks is moving faster than from bricks. You can buy them freely, but many make building blocks with their own hands.

Blocks in construction are used not only for the construction of walls. It also speeds up the use of building blocks for the foundation. Of course, these blocks must be very dense: 1.5 tons per 1 cubic meter. Making blocks with your own hands, if you look, is not such a super complicated matter.

Where to begin?

And the beginning of everything is the manufacture of forms.

Forms

On sale there are forms for building blocks with standard sizes. And at home you can make building blocks sizes that suit you. We take sheet metal, cut out the required shape of the workpiece from it and weld the shape. They also make molds from wood, they are good for adobe blocks. The bottom is not needed here. But the handles on the sides will come in handy, it’s more convenient to work with them.

Material for homemade building blocks

What makes DIY building blocks good is that they use material that you already have or you can easily purchase.

Basically, blocks are made on the basis of cement with different fillers, but craftsmen, like manufacturers, sometimes do without it. Depending on the material chosen, it is possible to manufacture home-made building blocks of the following types:

• cinder concrete;
• blocks based on liquid glass;
• adobe;
• chip concrete or arbolite.

How the filler is used:

• ash;
• slag;
• screenings;
• crushed stone;
• gypsum;
• perlite;
• expanded clay;
• sawdust;
• straw;
• broken brick and more.

Blocks without cement

The manufacture of building blocks using this technology is not available to everyone, because liquid glass is present in the mixture. Is it possible to negotiate with the nearest reinforced concrete plant and buy the main component there. The mix will be:

• two dozen parts of river sand;
• one and a half dozen parts of liquid glass;
• 4 parts of chalk;
• 3 parts of slaked lime;
• 2 parts kaolin.

Manufacturing process

• First, the sand is sifted;
• chalk is added;
• everything mixes well;
• slaked lime is introduced;
• kaolin or brick crushed to a state of powder;
• liquid glass.

The feedstock should be homogeneous, pasty. Before pouring this dough-like mass, moisten the molds from the inside. If you wish, you can add color to the building blocks. To do this, add:

• chalk of any color;
• powdered red brick.

Fillers are added to such blocks: slag, expanded clay, shavings. Their strength is high - they are much stronger than cement.

Expanded clay blocks

Expanded clay concrete blocks are one of the types of cinder blocks, where expanded clay serves as a filler.

Compound

• cement - 1 part;
• expanded clay - 5 parts;
• sand - 3 parts;
• water - about one part.

Technology

The manufacturing technology of expanded clay concrete building blocks is, in general, the same as any other:

• the starting material is placed in pre-lubricated molds;
• rammed;
• the form is removed after 10 minutes;
• the product remains in place;
• after 12 hours it is transferred to a place protected from precipitation and direct sunlight.
• in warm weather, the blocks will become hard after a little less than a month.

If you plan to make thick walls (about 0.5 m), then blocks are better with voids. To do this, inserts made of wood are inserted into the mold: round or square. And so that they can be taken out well, before inserting them, wrap them in roofing iron.

Advantages

• light weight;
• frost resistance;
• breathability;
• moisture resistance;
• strength;
• small cost.

A house made of expanded clay concrete blocks is built faster than a brick house, less mortar is needed for masonry.

adobe blocks

Components

For this type of block, the material is literally underfoot. All it takes is:

• clay;
• straw;
• river sand;
• water.

Selection features

In order for the characteristics of the building blocks to meet all the requirements, you need to know something about the features of the selection of components:

1. It is better to prepare clay in the fall, cover it with a film and let it winter - this will improve its quality.
2. Sand first sift, freeing from impurities.
3. Straw can be taken to the field where wheat, rye or barley have just been harvested. If the straw remains from the harvest of the past year, then the quality will not be the same - after all, after lying down, it begins to sing.

How to determine the percentage of components

• clay - 1 cu. m;
• straw - 20 kg;
• sand - 25%.

In order not to spoil the entire batch of blocks, you need to make a small experimental batch. So we do it like this:

• we combine all the components in small quantities and write down the proportions;
• we make a batch;
• form a ball;
• leave in the sun to dry for about 1 hour;
• We throw it on the ground at a height of a meter and a half.

If all the components are matched in the right proportions, then the ball will remain intact. Added more sand than it should? It will break or crack. Not enough sand? The ball will float. So in a practical way, we select the most optimal option.

Training

To prepare the mixture for several dozen blocks at once, you need to make a recess in the ground: round with a diameter of about 2.5 m or rectangular 1.5x2.5 with a depth of half a meter. Line the bottom with polyethylene. Although some kind of ready-made container is also suitable: a trough or old bath. Then everything is as it was done in the old days: we put on high boots made of rubber and walk, mixing everything until smooth.

Manufacturing

• While the batch is in the manufacturing stage, we are preparing a platform for products: we select a flat sunny place;
• we bring the mixture with buckets;
• filling out forms;
• we compact;
• we remove the excess by drawing a board along the upper edges of the form;
• remove the form.

Finished blocks should dry. This usually takes several days. It is important that they do not get rain. Then they are transferred to a shelter and dried again. Will be ready in 10 days.

A house made of adobe blocks turns out to be very warm and comfortable. In addition, this building material is environmentally friendly, durable, fireproof. It is used for buildings no higher than 2 floors.

Sawdust concrete blocks (arobolit)

The technology for manufacturing blocks from sawdust concrete is similar to the manufacture of adobe blocks, but the components need not be mined, but purchased.

Components

Before you start manufacturing, you need to purchase:

• cement - M300 or higher;
• sand - a fraction no larger than 1.8 Mcr;
• not slaked lime;
• sawdust (coniferous wood).

Preparing the Components

• sift sawdust;
• mix dry cement and sand;
• lime here and mix again;
• add sawdust and repeat the mixing procedure;
• pour water;
• In order for the components to adhere well to each other, we add calcium chloride or alumina sulfate;
• we control the quality of the mixture.

For quality control, roll the ball and squeeze it in the palms. If water flows, then there is too much of it in the mixture, if the ball crumbles, there is a lot of sawdust or sand.

Let's start manufacturing

• We line the form with plastic wrap;
• lay the mixture;
• rammer;
• without removing from the mold, leave to harden for 5 days;
• take it out of the mold and dry it further.

The drying process will take a long time - from 1.5 to 3 months: it all depends on the mass of the block.

Equipment

If the construction is to be large-scale, then it may make sense to invest in equipment for building blocks. For example: there is a mini-machine for the production of wood concrete RPB-1500 BL on sale. Its productivity is 1 sawdust block with dimensions of 19 x 19 x 39 cm per minute. Produced by a Russian manufacturer - the company INTEK.

Vibrating tables are widely used in the manufacture of building blocks. They allow you to solve the problem of ramming mixtures. The vibrating table consists of:

• movable table;
• engine;
• control panels;
• sometimes a transformer is included.

Compaction of the working mixture occurs under the influence of vibration created by the vibration motor.

Working cycle

• on the movable table we set the form;
• put in the mold half or completely dry mixture;
• start the engine;
• drying.

How to choose?

There are 3 types of vibrating plates capable of compacting material by weight:

• up to 75 kg;
• from 75 to 160 kg;
• from 160 kg.

Based on these indicators, you should choose the best vibrating table for yourself.

Manufacturers

They are released by:

• Russian company VPK;
• Stroymash LLC;
• plant "Red Poppy" in Yaroslavl and others.

Vibrating tables are also supplied by foreign manufacturers:

• Spain - Enar and Hervisa;
• Germany - Wacker;
• Italy - Batmatic;
• France - Paclite.

Why make blocks?
What do you need to have for this?
What are blocks made of?
How to produce them?
Why is it profitable to create blocks yourself?
What is the profit from this?
Where to start and how to develop this business?

In this article, you will receive answers to all the questions posed and will be able to "turn on" for yourself a reliable source of income that depends only on you.

And so, let's figure it out in order.

Why make building blocks?

You have probably noticed that construction has been going on rapidly for the last 4-5 years. They build from small and medium-sized private buildings: garages, summer cottages, estates, workshops, workshops, agricultural buildings, to large industrial, residential buildings, storage facilities, centers. Construction professionals are in demand like never before.

New building technology and materials. But are they always affordable and affordable for a wide range of developers?

Therefore, they are little used in small and medium-sized construction, as in major cities as well as in small towns.

The most accessible building material is the so-called cinder block and brick.

Moreover, a brick is often inferior to a cinder block in terms of price, thermal conductivity and ease of masonry.

But hollow building blocks are convenient and affordable for most private developers.

Yes, because due to its properties:

Of these, it is easy to build a low-rise (2-3 floors) building (garage, house, cottage, utility block, workshop, etc.) without even resorting to the services of a bricklayer. (1 block = 3-4 bricks);

Walls made of cinder blocks are sound and heat impervious;

The price of a cinder block is lower than the prices of bricks, foam blocks and other building materials due to the cheapness and availability of its components (see below);

Only cinder block can be made by yourself. You can also make adobe (clay-straw brick) yourself.

So how do you make cinder blocks yourself?

What is needed for the production of building blocks?

It is known that the cinder block produced reinforced concrete products at special equipment using a steam chamber. Therefore, the production of a quality block in domestic conditions was not available.

But if there is a demand, then the supply is inevitable. And it is!

Since 1994, the experience in the production of building blocks in the private sector and in small-scale production has given the answer to the question posed.

What does that require?

vibrating machine
- Raw material
- Technology
- Relatively flat ground
- Household network at 220V (no comment).

Let's elaborate on each point.

vibrating machine

There is different designs vibrating machines. In the domestic conditions of production and small business, the manual, electric, small-sized slag-block vibrating machine MZ30 (produced for the 14th year) has confidently proven itself in the CIS countries. Popularly known as the "Builder's Dream"

Raw materials

The following components are required for the production of building blocks:

Cement- Portland cement brand 400. Let's say another. But proportions are needed. For example, when using cement grade 300, its consumption should be increased by 10-15%.

Fillers for concrete may be the most different materials: sand, crushed stone, slag, granulated slag, ash, sawdust, shavings, screenings, expanded clay, gypsum, brick scrap and other natural and industrial materials.

Depending on local conditions, requirements for produced blocks and cost price, the appropriate filler can be selected. I will list several popular concrete compositions and the main groups of concretes

one). Slag from metallurgical enterprises (gray or dark gray color with a high content of cement, seeded fine fraction) - 9 parts

Cement - 1 part

Water 0.5 volume of cement

2). Granulated slag from metallurgical enterprises (yellow-greenish color with a high content of cement, seeded fine fraction) - 4 parts

Fine screening - 4 parts

Cement - 1 part

Water 0.5 volume of cement

3). Other cinder blocks

4). Concrete on sand and gravel

5). Concrete on waste bricks

6). Expanded clay concrete

7). ash concrete

eight). sawdust concrete

nine). Perlite concrete

ten). Polystyrene concrete

and other concretes different combination listed.

Now it is clear that the current name "cinder block" is not the most precise definition possible building blocks.

Plasticizing additive is not a required component of concrete. But its presence provides: early strength of blocks (this is very important with limited production areas), improves the quality of blocks (reduces cracking and abrasion of blocks), improves water resistance and frost resistance of concrete.

The amount of additive is very small - about 5g per block.

Manufacturing technology of building blocks:

1. Concrete preparation
2. Block production
3. Drying and storage of finished blocks.

Concrete preparation(on the example of the previously given 2nd concrete recipe)

one). Fall asleep 4 shovels of fine screenings + 4 shovels of granulated slag

2). Pour 1 shovel of cement

3). mix thoroughly

4). Add to 7-9 liters of water + 250 ml (half of a half-liter jar) of dissolved UPD. The additive solution is prepared as follows: pour 0.5 kg of UPD into a 40 liter container and mix thoroughly until completely dissolved.

5). Stir. At the same time, the concrete is qualitatively impregnated with a UPD solution.

Block production

one). Pour ready-made concrete with a small slide into the vibrating machine. Briefly, for 1-2 seconds. turns on the vibrator - the concrete sits, with a trowel, in one movement, level the surface of the slightly settled concrete.

2). Install the clamp and, without special effort, press on it by turning on the vibrator.

Blocks with round and rectangular voids are vibrated for 4-5 seconds. before lowering the clamp on the limiters.

Narrow full blocks (2 pieces) vibrate for 5-7 seconds.

3). Raise the machine with vibration - the block remains on the site.

Drying and storage of finished blocks

When using UPD, finished blocks can be removed from the site and stored after 5-6 hours. Without UPD - in two days.

After this time, the blocks do not crumble, subject to the proportions of concrete and the technology of their manufacture.

I advise you to store the finished blocks in pyramidal piles in one block with a small (2-3 cm) gap between the blocks - for further drying of the side faces.

In each such pyramid there are 100 pieces. It's easy to count. It is useful to mark each pyramid with the date and time of manufacture of the last block. This will come in handy during implementation. On the 4th, 5th day you can ship.

production site

1. A room with a flat concrete floor.

Can produce blocks all year round. Good ventilation and heating is desirable in cold weather.

1. Open flat area.

It can be concrete or earthen, covered with plastic wrap to preserve the presentation of the blocks (the back side does not get dirty).

1. Open, relatively flat area without prior preparation.

On such a platform, you can lay out ready-made blocks on pallets.

Where to start the production of building blocks?

1. Select the optimal local concrete material, considering its cost and delivery.

2. Calculate the cost of 1 block, taking into account the components of concrete.

3. Decide on a production site.

4. Get a vibrating machine.

5. Master the given technologies.

At first, concrete can be prepared by hand. In the future, more efficient and easier - on electric concrete mixer with a volume of 0.2-0.5 cubic meters (better than 0.5, taking into account the prospect).

Why is it profitable to create building blocks yourself?

I will give my real costs for aggregate with delivery and cement, calculation of the cost of manufacturing blocks and the payback of the vibrating machine "Builder's Dream" for the production of cinder block in Zaporozhye (Ukraine) in 2004 using concrete from granulated slag (gray) and cement.

Initial data:

8 cubic meters of slag- 30 dollars / car with delivery around the city (KRAZ or large MAZ)

Cement:

Proportion 1:9 - 0.88 cubic meters or 18 bags of $ 3 = $ 54

Vibrating machine price- 200 dollars

Total volume of solution:

Proportion 1:9 - 8 + 0.88 \u003d 8.88 (cubic meters)

The volume of the solution for 1 GOST cinder block:

Total volume: 39cm x 19cm x 19cm = 0.014 (cubic meters)

void volume:

At d \u003d 9.5 cm: 3 x 3.14 x 4.75 ** 2 x 15 \u003d 3188 cc \u003d 0.003188 cubic meters

The volume of the solution per 1 w / block at d = 9.5 cm: 0.011 cubic meters

Table of calculation results:

Note:

1. For a cinder block with 2 rectangular voids, less mortar is required (but the strength of such a block is lower)

2. By replacing granulated slag with a local aggregate for concrete acceptable to you, the prices of your region (in Russia, the retail price of a w / block is higher) and using the dimensions of the cinder block, you can easily calculate the cost of 1 sh / block and the payback of the machine for yourself.

Calculation of profitability and profit:

We accept initial assumptions:
Name	Value range	Reference value
Time of formation of 1 block (sec.) without UPD
The number of blocks in 1 hour, taking into account the loading time of concrete in MZ30 sec. (things)
The number of blocks in 1 day (8 hours) pieces
Retail price of 1 cinder block (in 2005): in Ukraine		2.0 UAH ($0.4) 15 rub. ($0.5)
Yield(From the previous table it follows that the cost of 1 sh / block is 1/3 of its retail price)
To produce blocks per day for the amount of: in Ukraine
For a month, produce blocks in the amount of: in Ukraine
The cost will be: in Ukraine
Profit will be: in Ukraine

Note :

1. If you apply UPD, then productivity will increase significantly.
2. The record belongs to Viktor Romanov and Sergei Rachmaninoff, who made 700 blocks of 390*138*188 in a day in July 1998

Business development and expansion

1. Hire responsible workers, having adequately interested them. (In our city - 20 kopecks (0.04 cents) per block, in the region - 0.02 cents.)

2. Starting the sale, reduce the retail price, thereby making a worthy competition and getting grateful customers and their recommendations. (Important! The quality must certainly be worthy).

3. In the warm season or in a heated room (regardless of the season), it is possible to organize work in 2 shifts.

4. In this case, the entrepreneur depends only: on the presence of voltage in the network and on the health of 1 labor force (at the first stage, until payback, you can work with the machine yourself).

5. If appropriate, lease the machine to "builders".

6. Fulfill the orders of "developers" directly on their site, saving them money on loading, transporting and unloading blocks.

7. In addition, - You do not need permission from the State Electronadzor, since all equipment is designed for a regular household network!
Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation of 13.08.97 No. 1013, Gosstandart of the Russian Federation No. 86 of 08.10.2001 and Gosstroy of the Russian Federation No. 128 of 12.24.2001, the list of products requiring mandatory certification does not include building concrete blocks with various fillers (slag, expanded clay , sawdust, etc.), as well as vibroforming equipment for their production.

Thus, the building block business can be developed in stages:

• Start with the minimum cost of purchasing a vibrating machine, 1 machine of local raw materials as a concrete filler, 15-20 bags of cement.

To give free announcements about the implementation of high-quality cinder block.

Produce 800-1000 blocks. Quickly sell out, reducing the retail price.

• Purchase a concrete mixer and the next batch of raw materials + UPD.

Align the price to retail (optional).

Post free ads + paid ads.

• Productively, with accumulated production experience, to produce high-quality blocks, managing to fulfill orders.

Announcements are no longer required. high quality blocks + word of mouth advertising will do the trick.

Organize 2-shift production of building blocks.

Expand the range of manufactured blocks.

Purchase additional vibrating machines, possibly a concrete mixer.

Recruit hard workers

Manage to spend profits or invest them in new business just as cost-effective.

What I sincerely wish you!

Success and Prosperity!!

"Catalog of complete business packages" masterdela.info
mailto: [email protected],
Ukraine, Zaporozhye, August 2005

On the building materials market different kinds concrete blocks, including cinder blocks. They are characterized by low weight, increased size, which allows you to build a building at an accelerated pace. Wishing to reduce estimated cost works, many developers do not purchase block building material, but make it on their own, using a machine for the production of blocks. Not always industrial models of vibration machines differ in quality and performance. Easy to do homemade unit following the given recommendations.

Cinder blocks

Types of concrete blocks for construction

Despite the fact that brick is often used in the construction industry for the construction of buildings, it is difficult for it to compete with block building materials made of concrete. To build a house, it is easy to pick up blocks that differ:

• increased dimensions;
• reduced weight;
• filler used;
• production technology.

The manufacturing technology of block products provides for the use of the following filler:

• expanded clay;
• sawdust;
• slag;
• brick fight;
• dropouts.

Expanded clay blocks

Block-type wall materials are divided into the following types:

• expanded clay concrete blocks;
• arbolite products;
• foam concrete building materials;
• aerated concrete products;
• cinder blocks.

The use of cinder blocks, the cost of which is lower than other block building materials, reduces the cost of building a building. Making cinder blocks on your own is easy to do at home using a block production machine. Consider the characteristics of cinder block building material.

Cinder blocks - building material properties

Cinder blocks are a building material obtained by vibratory pressing technology. Along with cement and sand, the following types of filler are used for manufacturing:

• slag, which is a waste of metallurgical enterprises;
• screenings from granite and gravel;
• brick waste;
• river gravel;
• expanded clay particles.

Brick waste is one of the components for cinder blocks

The manufacture of cinder block products can be carried out in various ways:

• on industrial technology, providing for heat treatment and steaming;
• at home using a homemade block machine.

making cinder blocks block machine, you can get products with the following advantages:

• elevated thermal insulation characteristics. Slag concrete has low thermal conductivity and retains heat well;
• increased dimensions. They allow you to quickly build a cinder-block building, an outbuilding or a garage with your own hands;
• resistance to microorganisms and damage by rodents. This is ensured by the filler used and the structure of the cinder block array;
• reduced cost. A home-made cinder block is cheaper than, for example, a foam block purchased in a distribution network used for construction.

In addition, cinder-concrete material is fireproof, easy to process and dampens external noise.

Along with the advantages, slag concrete has a number of disadvantages:

• limited service life. The durability of a cinder-concrete structure does not exceed two and a half decades;
• reduced strength properties. Only one-story and two-story buildings are erected from slag concrete;
• cracks when sheared. In the process of shrinking the box, cracks do not go along the seams, but directly along the blocks.

Slag concrete has low thermal conductivity and retains heat well

Slag concrete also has an unpresentable appearance, needs to outdoor decoration. In addition, slag concrete cannot be used for foundation construction.

In spite of weak sides material, it is preferred in situations where it is required when minimal cost quickly build a small building or outbuilding.

Which is better to use a block machine

Before developers who decide to independently produce cinder blocks for building walls, the question arises of choosing equipment. It is not always possible to rent a machine for the production of building blocks, especially in small towns. Many decide to make equipment on their own. Depending on financial capabilities, you can stop at the following options:

• the simplest design that allows you to make at home wall blocks at minimal cost;
• a modernized version of the unit, equipped with a sealing device and additional mechanisms.

It is difficult to give an unambiguous answer which machine for the production of blocks is preferable to use. It all depends on the number of blocks to be produced and funding opportunities. Let's take a look at the features of each unit.

Simplified Block Machine

For the manufacture of cinder blocks on your own in a reduced quantity, it is not necessary to manufacture a mechanized unit, use a vibrator, as well as additional mechanisms. The manufacturing process using simplified technology can be carried out in special forms.

Simplified Block Machine

Procedure:

• Assemble the molds and coat them inner surface used oil.
• Pour the cinder block mixture into collapsible forms.
• Leave for 3-4 hours until the solution hardens.
• Disassemble the containers and carefully remove the blocks.
• Allow to dry indoors.

If it is necessary to manufacture hollow products, it is advisable to use ordinary beverage bottles to form cavities. Simplified machine for the production of blocks, which is a container required size wood or steel, can be made with minimum volume costs.

Upgraded building block machine

With an increased need for cinder blocks for the construction of a large building, a more complex block production machine can be made, equipped with special devices:

• vibration mechanism. An electric motor is used as a vibration motor, on the drive shaft of which an eccentric is located. The drive power depends on the size of the form, the mass of the slag concrete solution and is 0.5–1.5 kW. Under the influence of vibration, the cinder concrete mass is compacted, the material is evenly distributed throughout the mold space, and air inclusions are removed. As a result of compaction, specific gravity and strength of cinder block products;
• lifting device. It is designed for quick extraction finished products from molding containers. There are many constructive solutions, allowing to speed up and facilitate the excavation of blocks. In the simplest version, it is enough to weld handles of arbitrary shape to the molding container, by pulling which you can remove the hardened block. Using ready-made drawings, you can independently assemble the lever mechanism from improvised materials.

Upgraded building block machine

The form used in this unit must correspond to the dimensions of the cinder block that is planned to be made. In most cases, products of standard dimensions are manufactured - 0.4x0.2x0.2 m. The molding container must have a height increased by 4 m5 cm so that the molded block after compaction has the required dimensions. To simulate cavities, cut pipes of the required diameter can be welded to the bottom of the tank.

We make a machine for blocks with our own hands - a sequence of actions

To perform the assembly of the vibrocompactor, it is necessary to prepare. Will be required the following materials and tools:

• steel sheets 2.5–3 mm thick;
• metal pipe with an outer diameter of 7.5m8.5 cm;
• electric motor with a power of up to one kilowatt;
• apparatus for electric welding with electrodes;
• grinder complete with a cutting wheel for metal;
• locksmith tool.

Before starting production, you should prepare drawings and deal with the design of the machine for the production of blocks. It is necessary to determine the dimensions of the blocks that will be manufactured - the size of the mold depends on this. It can be welded for standard products or made in an enlarged size.

Drawing machine for cinder block

When everything is prepared, we make a machine for the production of block products, observing the sequence of operations:

• Cut from steel sheet blank rectangular shape for welding molding container of required size.
• Grab them with electric welding and assemble the side edging of the molding box for pouring the cinder block mixture.
• Check the correctness of the tack, with an equal length of the diagonal, finally weld the mold elements.
• Cut tubular blanks, the length of which is equal to the height of the form and make diametrical cuts on the side surface.
• Provide a cone-shaped tubular elements and weld them to the bottom sheet of the future mold box.
• Weld the transverse jumper to the cones, install the plugs on the ends with a smaller size.
• Produce final assembly molding box, welding the bottom with inserts to the edging.
• Fasten two handles on opposite sides for lifting and transporting the forming container.
• Install the vibration motor screw fasteners and screw the vibration motor with balance weight.
• Cut out the top cover to match the dimensions of the inside of the box and have holes for pipes.
• Apply an anti-corrosion coating, assemble the unit and check its operation.

The use of an oversized group tank allows you to increase the productivity of the vibrocompression machine.

Drawing. Vibroforming machine

Independent production of cinder blocks - recipe

Do-it-yourself cinder block making machine

For the manufacture of cinder blocks on self-made equipment, it is necessary to prepare the following materials:

• Portland cement marked M400 and above;
• screenings or small gravel;
• slag or ash from coal combustion;
• sifted sand;
• water.

Special plasticizers are also used, which increase the strength of the cinder block mass and accelerate hardening. To prepare an increased volume of slag concrete mixture, a concrete mixer is required.

The following formulations of slag concrete composition are used:

• mix Portland cement with slag in a ratio of 1.5:8. Gradually dilute the mixture with water, the amount of which should not exceed half the volume of cement;
• mix crushed stone screening, cement and coal ash in a ratio of 4:1:4. Add water to the concrete mixer until the mortar is plastic.

Recipes are possible that involve the use of granulated slags, plasticizers, quartz sand and brick slaughter.

Portland cement marked M400

We manufacture products on our own, using a machine for the production of blocks

Using a self-made machine for blocks, carry out work according to the following algorithm:

• Install the equipment on level ground.
• Connect the electrical supply.
• Prepare a cinder block solution.
• Pour the prepared mixture into the mold.
• Turn on the vibration motor for 2-3 minutes.
• Add cinder block mixture to the top level.
• Replace the protective cover and turn on the vibrator.

Compact the array. The lid should come into contact with the stops located according to the height of the block. Then remove the box and let the molded block stand until the array sets. After careful removal, dry the cinder-concrete products in a closed and ventilated area.

Summing up

When planning the construction of a cinder block building, you can reduce the amount of costs by making a machine for the production of blocks yourself. It is important to use proven documentation for the manufacture of the unit and carefully understand the design of the vibration compactor. To obtain quality products, study the recipe, as well as understand the technology.

Homemade machine for the production of building blocks with your own hands

The modern building materials market offers a large assortment wall blocks. But not everyone knows that to reduce the cost of building a private house, cottage, garage or utility room is quite real. Instead of buying a brick or cinder block, it is enough to start making them yourself. To do this, you need to use a machine for the production of blocks, and if the budget does not allow, make a vibrocompression machine yourself.

Inexpensive factory models of vibrating machines do not have high performance, but this is not required for private use. True, buy a machine for construction small house, where about a thousand blocks are required standard size, would not be very beneficial. Therefore, as an option, you can consider renting equipment for a certain period. This will be enough for the procurement of building materials for the future.

Factory machine for making building blocks with your own hands

Varieties of building blocks

Brick is still the main material in the construction of skyscrapers, but for low-rise construction cheaper to use other building materials. If you exclude wood, which is now expensive, the choice will still be varied. Modern wall materials are made from:

• foam concrete;
• slag concrete;
• aerated concrete;
• expanded clay concrete.

Block characteristics comparison table

As a filler for cinder blocks, a variety of and sometimes exotic materials are used, which are waste products: screenings, glass and brick cullet, sawdust, wood chips.

Let's first consider how expanded clay blocks and cinder blocks are made independently, as the most budgetary among all the above building materials.

DIY claydite blocks

If there are no problems with expanded clay in your region, you can consider yourself lucky: expanded clay concrete, despite its cheapness, is rarely found on sale, but this building material is characterized by a whole range of positive properties. For the manufacture of expanded clay blocks you will need:

• actually expanded clay;
• cement;
• sand;
• water.

The main material for creating the mixture will be expanded clay of fine fraction

When mixing the solution, it is important to follow a certain sequence: expanded clay is added to the water, then cement, and finally sand. The proportions of the solution are as follows: for nine liters of water, use 54 kg of expanded clay, 9 kg of cement and 27 kg of sand. You will get a mixture weighing about 100 kilograms, with the output of finished blocks in the amount of 9-10 pieces.

Manufacturing technology of expanded clay concrete blocks

If it is not possible to use a specialized machine (such equipment is not cheap), expanded clay concrete can be produced on a non-industrial scale using special matrices. You will also need an appropriate container for the solution, a flat platform and formwork made of wood or metal in the shape of the letter "E".

To reduce temporary losses and reduce labor costs will allow a concrete mixer - standard equipment in the builder's arsenal. With a shortage of time, the problem is solved by using a vibrating machine; a simple model of such a machine can be made independently.

To do this, it is enough to attach a low-power, but high-speed electric motor to the form, which is turned into a full-fledged vibrator with the help of an eccentric. Matrix oscillations force the mixture to be distributed in the form as densely and evenly as possible, improving the strength characteristics of finished products. Maximum performance have vibrating presses manufactured in the factory: professional machines are equipped with additional equipment, allowing to automate the process, eliminating the heavy manual labor. But such vibropressing machines cost a lot.

Do-it-yourself cinder block production

Expanded clay - beautiful and inexpensive material for the manufacture of building blocks, but an even more economical way of building is to use cinder blocks. Possessing comparable characteristics in terms of sound and heat insulation, slag concrete is made from materials whose cost is an order of magnitude lower.

The industry is not interested in producing cinder block building material - it is more economically profitable to produce expensive analogues (building blocks made of foam concrete, aerated concrete, brick). But there is special equipment for the formation of cinder blocks on sale, and a lot. The range of prices for such vibrating machines is huge: from simple models with a static matrix, which can be assembled in garage conditions from improvised materials, to fully automated lines.

Cinder block: manufacturing technology

A modern cinder block has dimensions of 188x190x390 mm, a full-bodied building material is characterized by sufficient strength for arranging foundations and multi-storey construction, hollow ones are used in all other cases. The voids can be round, rectangular or square shape, the number varies from one to 8-10 voids, the voidness index lies in the range of 25-50%. Practically not inferior in terms of strength to monolithic products, hollow cinder blocks can save almost twice as much expensive cement.

For quick and high-quality mixing of the mixture, it is advisable to use a construction concrete mixer

The filler during production can be:

• coal slag;
• fine gravel;
• screening of crushed stone;
• sand;
• brick waste;
• glass battle;
• ash;
• perlite;
• gypsum;
• sawdust;
• wood chip.

When mixing the solution, the proportions will depend on the composition of the filler. The main condition is that ready solution did not spread. Cement in the production of slag concrete is used grade not lower than M400, to improve performance properties finished product, plasticizers can be added to the solution.

DIY portable cinder block making machine

Reference point at independent production a factory recipe can serve as a solution for cinder blocks: for seven parts of blast-furnace slag - two parts of coarse sand, one and a half parts of cement and up to three parts of water. The way to check if the consistency of the solution meets the requirements is simple: we throw a handful on the ground, it should crumble. If you collect the solution and squeeze it in a fist, it should return to the shape of a ball.

Focus on standard dimensions not necessary: ​​making blocks with your own hands is an individual process, and many prefer to set up production using multiple mold sizes (for example, 200x200x400 mm), which simplifies interfacing with others structural elements buildings under construction.

Preparation of cinder blocks without special equipment

In the presence of free time and the inability to make the simplest vibrating machine for the production of cinder concrete, it is advisable to use a form, the walls and bottom of which are boards or sheet metal. It is preferable to use one matrix for the manufacture of several cinder blocks, at least in order to save materials. For the formation of voids in the form for pouring the solution, you can use bottles, scraps metal pipes, wooden cylinders or bars.

Manual machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks and expanded clay blocks at home

The procedure itself is simple: we prepare the solution, pour the cinder concrete into the molds, level it, removing the excess. After a day, the blocks can be carefully removed by laying them out to dry on horizontal surface. To protect against cracking and wetting finished material during drying, cover the cinder block stacks with plastic wrap.

You can use homemade cinder blocks a month after they are made. This moment should be taken into account and deal with the manufacture of building materials in advance.

We make a vibropressing machine

Adding to the above production scheme, cinder concrete, vibrator, provides an opportunity to significantly improve the quality of products and at the same time speed up the process.

It is not difficult to assemble such a machine; subject to all recommendations, this equipment will work no worse than factory analogues. The simplest option vibropressing machine involves the use of a homemade matrix, a vibrator and a hand press. To reduce physical exertion, the manual press can be improved by using a lever system.

Drawing homemade machine with a vibration motor for the manufacture of cinder blocks and expanded clay blocks

A set of tools and materials necessary for the manufacture of a vibrating machine with a metal mold:

• welding machine;
• Bulgarian,
• keys set;
• vise;
• sheet metal with a thickness of at least 3 mm;
• pipes for creating voids with a diameter of 8-10 mm;
• channel, strips of metal;
• low-power electric motor (up to 1 kW);
• connecting elements (bolts, nuts, cotter pins).

The main element of the machine for making blocks with your own hands is a matrix, the dimensions and shape of which are selected based on production needs.

The sequence of actions in the manufacture of a homemade vibrating machine:

• Bulgarian from sheet material cut out the walls of the matrix. If the form is intended for the manufacture of several block products, we provide for the presence in the matrix of the corresponding number of partitions.
• We cut off the required number of blanks from the pipe (at the rate of 3 pieces per brick), the height of which should be 3-5 mm less than the height of the matrix. The taper of the pipes is achieved by using next appointment: cut the pipe to half and compress the workpiece in a vice (for thick-walled pipes, you can use a lathe).

Drawing for the manufacture of a machine with lightweight extrusion of building blocks

• Each section of the pipe is welded tightly on both sides.
• We weld the plates to the pipes, connecting them together. For fastening to the walls, it is better to provide a removable connection, which will allow, if necessary, to remove the limiters for the production of monolithic cinder blocks.
• Using welding, we fix the bolts for mounting the electric motor on the long outer wall.
• We weld a metal apron on top of the mold.
• We make a press in the form of a thick-walled plate, we provide for the presence of holes with a diameter slightly larger than the smaller diameter of the restrictor pipes (so that the press enters the matrix at a distance of no more than 50 mm).
• We weld handles to the press.
• We install the motor. We weld an eccentric onto the motor shaft (ordinary bolts are suitable as a material for the eccentric, which are welded parallel to the shaft and leave room for tightening the nuts, which will allow you to adjust the amplitude of oscillations).
• We carefully clean the device, polish the surfaces, paint a home-made unit for blocks.

We make cinder blocks

It is desirable to prepare the solution using a concrete mixer: the presence of coarse-grained fillers in the composition of the solution makes it difficult to obtain a high-quality mixture manually. Before pouring cinder concrete into the matrix, the wall surfaces must be lubricated engine oil or a similar product. This will prevent the solution from sticking to the walls of the matrix.

Pour the mixture into the mold, press down with a press and at the same time turn on the vibrator. After 10-20 seconds, the solution will thicken and shrink, so add the mixture to the matrix and repeat the procedure without turning off the vibrator until the pressure plate drops to the level of the limiters.

Depending on the weather conditions you can get cinder blocks out of the mold both the next day and after three days. Next, the material is laid out for natural drying for a month.

As you can see, the main difficulty in the production of wall materials is to make a machine for cinder blocks with your own hands in compliance with the required precautions (cottering threaded connections, grounding the electrical part of the installation). Super-productivity should not be expected from such a unit, but some design improvement will facilitate the production of cinder blocks: a simple lever system can be provided for pressing down the press. By welding wheels to the carrier frame, you can get a mobile version of the device (the so-called "laying hen").

The purchase of factory machines equipped with additional equipment for automating the production of cinder concrete products will provide an opportunity to organize your own small business. On such professional equipment, it is possible to produce not only block products. Interchangeable molds will allow you to form paving slabs, borders, decorative elements- in fact, any analogues of concrete products.

Home-made machines cannot boast of such versatility, but this is not required for individual construction.