Foundation blocks - FBS dimensions. Foundation blocks: marking according to GOST, sizes and prices, installation basics Concrete road blocks how much do they weigh
Any construction begins with the preparation of the foundation. Only a reliable foundation guarantees the strength and durability of the constructed structure. The use of FBS blocks is one of the most reliable and time-tested solutions both in the field of private and multi-storey construction.
The abbreviation stands for foundation wall block. Such products allow you to quickly build a strip foundation for the supporting part of buildings and structures. The key advantage of PBS is that these are finished products, so there is no need to wait 28 days required for concrete to achieve maximum strength.
Scope of application
Immediately after laying the foundation, you can start building walls, which significantly reduces construction time.
Foundation wall blocks are used at the initial stages of construction. In particular, products of this group are used in such cases:
-
Ground floors.
Technical buildings.
Unheated industrial facilities.
Laying composite strip foundations for private and multi-storey buildings.
FBS is also used for the construction of wall structures, but hollow modules are used here, the weight of which is much lower than the foundation ones (see the variety section below).
Marking blocks for the foundation
FBS blocks are produced in accordance with GOST standards, therefore they have symbols indicating the dimensions and technical characteristics of the products. For marking, numerical and alphabetic designations are used.
F - reinforced concrete and concrete from heavy concrete under the columns (the so-called glass type);
FL - reinforced concrete made of heavy concrete for strip foundations;
FBS - concrete solid unreinforced for the construction of basement walls, technical undergrounds and foundations;
BF - reinforced concrete tape made of heavy concrete for the construction of external and internal walls of buildings of industrial and agricultural enterprises;
FR - reinforced concrete made of heavy concrete for three-hinged frames;
FBP - foundation concrete hollow.
An example of decoding FBS 12. 6. 3 - T
FBS - foundation wall block.
12 - product length. In our case: 1 180 mm.
6 - block width corresponding to 600 mm.
3 - block height, 280 mm.
T - grades of heavy concrete were used for the manufacture.
The last point is variable, it changes depending on the type of raw material. In particular, the marking " P" And " FROM» for expanded clay and silicate concrete, respectively.
It should be clarified that in the legend the block sizes are indicated in decimeters and rounded for ease of perception.
To find out the exact length and height, you need to subtract from the indicated marking 2 centimeters. This value is assigned to the thickness of the mortar joint between the individual blocks.
Varieties of reinforced concrete products
According to current regulations GOST by number 13579-78 blocks for the construction of basements and wall structures are divided into three categories. It looks like this:
FBS - monolithic products that are made from branded concrete. Compared with other types of blocks, they have high technical characteristics and strength. The production technology does not imply the reinforcement of products, with the exception of the installation of mounting loops.
FBV - monolithic products, with a provided longitudinal cutout, designed for laying engineering communications. They are manufactured according to the standard technology of FBS blocks.
FBP - lightweight blocks with a hollow structure. Products can be produced in various lengths and widths, but according to GOST a single length value is provided - 2 380 mm.
Knowing these features, you can choose blocks for any type of construction.
Concrete grades for the manufacture of FBS
Considering that the main area of application of concrete blocks is a strip foundation, where resistance to dynamic compression plays a key role, it is not customary to make FBS from high-strength concrete. In particular, manufacturers use the following classes:
For FBS - M 200 B15.
For expanded clay blocks - M 50, which corresponds to the strength class Q3.5.
For silicate blocks - M 150, which corresponds to the strength class Q12.5.
These requirements are specified in the GOST by number 13579-78 .
Advantages and disadvantages
The undeniable advantages of FBS blocks can be expressed as follows:
All products are manufactured in accordance with GOST standards, respectively, regardless of the manufacturer, they have standard sizes.
FBS production implies strict control of the technological process, which ensures high strength and reliability of products.
Ease of installation and high speed of construction: you can lay the foundation and build walls from blocks literally in 2-3 day.
Simplicity. Installation of block structures does not require special skills and knowledge in the field of construction.
Wide size range. This feature allows you to build structures with any level of geometric complexity.
The blocks are not demanding on operating conditions, so they feel great in any environment. In the manufacture, special additives are used that allow the use of blocks on wet soils.
The disadvantages include the following points:
During installation, it is necessary to use construction equipment, which increases the cost of work.
It is necessary to lay a layer of waterproofing between the joints.
Concrete does not hold heat, so additional insulation will be required.
A monolithic foundation is much stronger than composite structures.
Dimensions according to GOST
For FBS, several standard sizes are provided, which are necessarily observed by all manufacturers. Therefore, the following standard parameters can be distinguished:
Length - 880/1 180/2 380 mm.
Height - 280/580 mm.
Width - 300/400/500/600 mm.
These dimensions are typical for all serial blocks, regardless of the material used.
| brand | Dimensions, mm | Weight, t | Concrete class | Consumption of materials | |||
| L | B | H | Concrete, m 3 | Steel, kg | |||
| FBS24.3.6 | 2380 | 300 | 580 | 0,97 | B7.5 | 0,406 | 1,46 |
| FBS24.4.6 | 2380 | 400 | 480 | 1,30 | B7.5 | 0,543 | 1,46 |
| FBS24.5.6 | 2380 | 500 | 580 | 1,63 | B7.5 | 0,679 | 2,36 |
| FBS24.6.6 | 2380 | 600 | 580 | 1,96 | B7.5 | 0,815 | 2,36 |
| FBS12.2.6 | 1180 | 200 | 580 | 0,32 | B7.5 | 0,133 | 0,76 |
| FBS12.3.6 | 1180 | 300 | 580 | 0,485 | B7.5 | 0,203 | 0,76 |
| FBS12.4.6 | 1180 | 400 | 580 | 0,64 | B7.5 | 0,265 | 1,46 |
| FBS12.5.6 | 1180 | 500 | 580 | 0,79 | B7.5 | 0,331 | 1,46 |
| FBS12.6.6 | 1180 | 600 | 580 | 0,96 | B7.5 | 0,398 | 1,46 |
| FBS12.2.3 | 1180 | 200 | 280 | 0,16 | B7.5 | 0,066 | 0,38 |
| FBS12.3.3 | 1180 | 300 | 280 | 0,24 | B7.5 | 0,100 | 0,38 |
| FBS12.4.3 | 1180 | 400 | 280 | 0,31 | B7.5 | 0,127 | 0,74 |
| FBS12.5.3 | 1180 | 500 | 280 | 0,38 | B7.5 | 0,159 | 0,74 |
| FBS12.6.3 | 1180 | 600 | 280 | 0,46 | B7.5 | 0,191 | 0,74 |
| FBS9.2.6 | 880 | 200 | 580 | 0,235 | 0,36 | ||
| FBS9.3.6 | 880 | 300 | 580 | 0,35 | B7.5 | 0,146 | 0,76 |
| FBS9.4.6 | 880 | 400 | 580 | 0,47 | B7.5 | 0,195 | 0,76 |
| FBS9.5.6 | 880 | 500 | 580 | 0,59 | B7.5 | 0,244 | 0,76 |
| FBS9.6.6 | 880 | 600 | 580 | 0,700 | B7.5 | 0,293 | 1,46 |
Weight of building blocks
The mass of concrete blocks largely depends on the class of concrete and the dimensions of the product. Let's take the standard length as a basis, and derive the weight of the product. It looks like this:
Length 2 380 mm 0.97-1.96 t.
Length 1 180 mm- block weight varies within 0.31-0.96 t.
Length 880 mm- block weight varies within 0.35-0.7 t.
The difference in values is due to the width of the product.
Mounting Features
As already mentioned, the construction of composite structures from FBS blocks does not require special skills and knowledge. Consequently, any person, even in principle not familiar with the technology of building residential and utility rooms, will cope with the performance of the work. Here it is enough to follow a certain procedure, which can be divided into three stages. Let's consider each in more detail.
calculation
To find out how many blocks will be required to build the foundation, it is necessary to calculate the amount of planned work. To do this, multiply the length, width and height of the future foundation.
The volume of one block is calculated according to a similar scheme. Then the volume of the foundation is divided by the volume of one block. The final figure will display the desired number of blocks. If construction involves a complex geometric structure with different foundation thicknesses, calculations are made separately for each section.
Foundation preparation
Blocks are usually laid out on a sandy base, which is pre-leveled and compacted. The thickness of such a pillow should vary within 5-10 centimeters. Length and width: approx. 30 centimeters more than the planned building.
Then, the foundation is broken down along the axes, using construction plumb lines or laser pointers for this. Starting points are marked with metal pins that will serve as guides.
Block stacking
FBS is laid with a crane, first installing beacon blocks that will be located at corners, lintels and intersections. Proper installation of beacons guarantees the exact geometry of the entire foundation. Then the remaining blocks of the first row are stacked.
The accuracy of installation is usually checked with a level, correcting structural elements with a crowbar. Then the blocks are raised in height, applying the principle of brickwork. Cement mortar is laid between the rows, the height of the foundation can be equal to 5 blocks.
It should be noted that the installation of FBS is not permissible on soil covered with snow or water.
Some subtleties of choice
When choosing FBS blocks, you need to take into account several technical nuances, on which the type of product will depend. In particular, blocks are selected based on the following conditions:
Stability and type of soil.
The thickness of the erected walls and interfloor ceilings.
The total mass of the building.
foundation requirements.
The total area of the base.
For example, buildings on unstable ground will require wider blocks. In addition, the depth of the FBS is not always identical to the thickness of the masonry. In particular, the block can act on 10 centimeters on one side or 6 , if a double-sided protrusion is provided. It is important to understand that for optimal shrinkage and a strong bond of seams, it is recommended to use blocks of different sizes.
Reliable manufacturers
Concrete wall blocks are included in the product range of almost any concrete plant. However, in most cases, such products are poured without observing the technological process. Concrete of various grades is used as a raw material, which is sometimes returned from construction sites. Therefore, when choosing products, you need to give preference to companies that specialize in the manufacture of FBS.
Among the proven manufacturers are the following enterprises:
OOO TK "Vira". The company is located in St. Petersburg, specializes in the production of finished concrete products. The assortment includes more than 400 items, including FBS.
OOO "Master". Dynamically developing production, which is located in the city of Voskresensk. At present, the company offers about 370 items of products, including wall foundation blocks.
JSC "Plant of industrial construction details". One of the largest enterprises in Russia, which is located in Surgut. The company has been operating in the construction industry for over 45 years, producing finished concrete products.
LLC Aleksinsky Expanded Clay Plant. The enterprise is located in the Tula region, the city of Aleksin. The plant has been operating since 1985, offering customers not only expanded clay, but also wall foundation blocks.
OOO Zlatoust Plant. The company is located in the city of Zlatoust, offers customers a wide range of road slabs, piles, FBS, panels, stairs, lintels.
Choosing the products of these manufacturers, you can be sure that the products undergo multi-stage quality control and comply with the requirements of GOST.
Today, FBS blocks are very popular in the construction of foundations and low structures: the dimensions of the product and the price for it are presented in a wide range. This allows you to determine the appropriate material for construction in certain conditions. By observing the rules for selecting the type of material and its dimensions, you can create a solid and reliable structure in a short period of time.
The concrete block for the FBS foundation is a solid monolithic reinforced concrete product having the shape of a parallelepiped. Among other types of blocks, the material has the highest strength and performance characteristics, due to which it can be used in the construction of the foundation.
FBS is a reliable, stable and durable building material, which is characterized by increased resistance to environmental influences. The strength characteristics of the product are of particular importance, since the elements are the basis for creating the foundation of the building.
The material is manufactured exclusively in the factory, since the quality of each product must be strictly controlled using laboratory instruments in accordance with GOST. Foundation blocks can be made from the following materials:
- silicate concrete or expanded clay concrete with a density of at least 1800 kg/m³;
- lightweight high-strength concrete class B100;
- heavy high-strength concrete grade M50-M200.
Concrete is selected based on the operating conditions of the structure under construction. It takes into account temperature differences, mechanical loads and humidity levels. Concrete grade M200 has maximum strength. For harsh operating conditions, you can use the filler brand M150, and for standard - M100.
In addition to concrete filler, reinforcement made of A1 or A111 steel is used, which improves strength characteristics and reduces the effects of pressure and compression, and plasticizers that increase the frost resistance of the material.
Advantages and disadvantages of foundation reinforced concrete blocks
Due to its high strength and performance characteristics, this concrete building material, which is reinforced from the inside with a reinforcing cage, can be used to build a columnar base, in combination with a strip foundation, when erecting walls of low buildings, basements and cellars.
Concrete foundation blocks are characterized by the following advantages:
- good bearing capacity;
- high installation speed;
- the reliability of the material, this is ensured by the fact that the products are manufactured in the factory using a special technology on modern equipment, in addition, they undergo strict laboratory control;
- high density of joining of elements, which is achieved due to the well-thought-out design of products and the exact dimensions of concrete blocks;
- elements are equipped with special mounting grooves for easy installation;
- the versatility of the material makes it possible to build the foundations of structures of any complexity;
- installation work can be performed at any time of the year, since the material is not afraid of temperature fluctuations and high humidity;
- high stress resistance of the material allows it to be used in the most adverse conditions, such as icy or acidic soils;
- after the installation of the blocks, you can immediately begin other construction work.
The disadvantages of the material include:
- high cost of products;
- low heat resistance;
- the large weight of the products, as a result of which the installation work associated with the laying of elements will require the involvement of special equipment;
- the joints of the parts will not be characterized by tightness.
The choice of sizes of foundation blocks for the construction of the foundation
Currently, when building a foundation, the combined method of laying with the use of FBS elements is very popular. Thanks to this technology, the cost of construction is reduced, which does not adversely affect the strength and durability of the structure. When choosing the dimensions of the foundation FBS blocks, it should be taken into account that the future foundation must not only withstand the weight of the structures, but also evenly distribute it throughout the foundation.
Important! The discrepancy between the dimensions of the products can adversely affect the condition of the foundation, which will ultimately lead to the destruction of the building.
The strength of the structure, the technological process of assembling elements, the time required to complete the "zero cycle" and the cost of products depend on the dimensions of the products. The dimensions of the building blocks are determined based on the type of soil, its bearing capacity. It is also necessary to take into account the thickness of walls and ceilings, the weight of the structure, the area and strength of the foundation. The lower the stability of the soil, the larger the foundation blocks should be. For example, for clay surfaces, the largest elements should be selected, and on coarse-grained soils, bases can be arranged from small-sized products. To create the most dense styling, it is recommended to use products of different sizes.
Useful advice! When choosing the size of blocks for building walls, you must be guided by the rule that five elements per wall length are considered optimal.
FBS blocks: dimensions products according to the range
Each block has its own marking, which indicates the length, width and height of the product in decimeters. These parameters must strictly comply with the requirements of GOST 13579-78. If the letter “T” is next to the numerical value, this indicates that heavy concrete was used in the manufacture of the block, the letter “P” indicates expanded clay concrete, and “C” indicates dense silicate concrete.
According to GOST, the FBS block is presented in 15 sizes, where an important overall characteristic is the width of the products, which is 300-600 mm. Along the length of the FBS, the assortment is divided into three standard sizes with values of 880, 1180 and 2380 mm. The height of the products is 580 mm. Only a block with a length of 1180 mm has a product height of 280 mm. The smallest element has dimensions of 880x300x580, and the largest foundation block FBS 24.6.6 is 2380x600x580 mm.
The marking of standard products is given in the table:
| Designation | Width, mm | Height, mm | Length, mm | Element weight, kg |
| FBS.24.6.6 | 600 | 580 | 2380 | 1960 |
| FBS.24.5.6 | 500 | 580 | 2380 | 1630 |
| FBS.24.4.6 | 400 | 580 | 2380 | 1300 |
| FBS.24.3.6 | 300 | 580 | 2380 | 970 |
| FBS.12.6.6 | 600 | 580 | 1180 | 960 |
| FBS.12.5.6 | 500 | 580 | 1180 | 790 |
| FBS.12.4.6 | 400 | 580 | 1180 | 640 |
| FBS.12.3.6 | 300 | 580 | 1180 | 460 |
| FBS.12.6.3 | 600 | 280 | 1180 | 460 |
| FBS.12.5.3 | 500 | 280 | 1180 | 390 |
| FBS.12.4.3 | 400 | 280 | 1180 | 310 |
| FBS.9.6.6 | 600 | 580 | 880 | 700 |
| FBS.9.5.6 | 500 | 580 | 880 | 590 |
| FBS.9.4.6 | 400 | 580 | 880 | 470 |
| FBS.9.3.6 | 300 | 580 | 880 | 350 |
Useful advice! The standard block is a solid product that has no voids. When purchasing a material, you should check with the manufacturer for a quality certificate, which is a guarantee that the blocks comply with the requirements of the current standard.
How to choose the right size of FBS blocks for construction
When building foundations, different sizes of foundation blocks can be used, and the price per piece of the product will depend on its dimensions. To accurately determine the size of the blocks and their number, you should scan the base. On a special drawing, all products are conditionally laid out along the length and height of the basement wall of the building. Here you should take into account the dressing between the blocks, which is at least 25 cm.
The width of the product is selected based on the thickness of the walls of the building. In this case, slight overhangs of above-ground structures are allowed. If the walls will be built of brick, then the protrusion should be no more than 40 mm on each side. Here you can use FBS with a width of 600 mm for walls of 640 mm and a value of 500 for structures of 510 mm.
The length of the foundation block must be determined by the development, where elements of different sizes are located so that they lie flat without forming significant protrusions.
Useful advice! If it is not possible to properly lay the elements of a standard size, they can be split along the length.
In the construction of foundations and the construction of walls, products with a height of 580 mm are used. Blocks with a value of 280 mm are used as additional elements when it is necessary to make a hole in the base for ventilation, input or output of networks.
The weight of FBS blocks is an important value, knowing which, you can decide on the special equipment necessary for laying products, as well as on the transport that will be involved in delivering the blocks to the construction site.
Useful advice! Today, manufacturers produce small foundation blocks 200x200x400 mm, which can be installed without the involvement of special equipment.
Types of blocks according to GOST: FBS, FBP, FBV, FL and BF
For the construction of a technical underground, basement walls, the installation of columnar and strip foundations, the erection of walls of low structures, unheated buildings and other structures operating under systematic temperatures from +50 to -70 degrees, concrete blocks can be used, which, on the basis of GOST 13579-78 There are three types: FBS, FBV and FBP. Products are made of silicate, heavy concrete or expanded clay concrete. Their density should not be less than 1800 kg/m³.
According to the decoding, FBS is a foundation wall block with a maximum margin of safety. In the manufacture of monolithic small elements, structural reinforcement is not used. Metal is used only for the manufacture of hinges for mounting. In the production of overall blocks, rods of longitudinal reinforcement are necessarily used, which increases the weight of the FBS.
Blocks FBV, in contrast to the previous type, have a longitudinal section in the cavity of the product. It is intended for installation of engineering communications. The manufacturing process of such products is similar to the manufacturing method of the previous version. Concrete not lower than grade M100 is used here. However, in the construction of FBV blocks are used extremely rarely, therefore they are made mainly by individual order. Products are produced in length 880 mm, height 580 mm and width 400, 500 and 600 mm.
FBP blocks are lightweight lightweight concrete products with open square holes at the bottom of the element. Concrete brand M150 is used for the manufacture. Products are produced with a length of 2380 mm. Other linear dimensions of foundation blocks and product prices are in a wide range. FBP blocks are used to create foundations for industrial equipment or for building internal basement walls.
As a base for a columnar or strip foundation, trapezoidal products are used, which are marked FL. The parameters and dimensions of foundation pillows are regulated by GOST 13580-85. The width of products varies between 600-3200 mm. The height of the elements can be 300 or 500 mm. The last value corresponds to products with a width of 2000 mm or more. The block length is 780-2980 mm. The largest elements have dimensions of 2980x2000x500 and 1180x500x3200 mm, and the smallest are produced in the size of 1180x600x300 mm.
For the construction of internal and external walls of structures of agricultural and industrial enterprises, reinforced concrete tape blocks BF made of heavy concrete are used, which are regulated by GOST 28737-90. All elements are divided into six varieties, which differ in their cross-sectional dimensions.
Reliable domestic manufacturers of foundation blocks: product prices
Concrete blocks FBS are part of the products that are produced at any concrete plant. Very often, products are made without observing all the subtleties and stages of the technological process. Concrete of various grades can be used as a raw material. Therefore, when choosing a high-quality and reliable material, you should choose companies that have proven themselves from the best side in the global construction market.
One of the largest enterprises in Russia for the production of building materials from concrete is the Industrial Construction Details Plant. Products are durable and high quality workmanship, which is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST. The cost of foundation blocks starts from 1200 rubles / piece.
The Russian company "Vira" specializes in the manufacture of concrete products. The product range includes more than 400 positions, among which are wall foundation blocks. The price per piece of the product depends on its dimensions and averages 1650 rubles.
Another popular domestic manufacturer is the Master company. It manufactures all types of concrete blocks, the price of which depends on the type of product and starts from 1150 rubles per piece.
Alexandria expanded clay plant produces various types of concrete products. Small concrete blocks are in great demand, which can be used in the construction of load-bearing walls, fences and columns or used as supporting elements in basements and semi-basements, basement floors. Products are made in special forms, due to which they have accurate dimensions. The price of foundation blocks 200x200x400 mm starts from 55 rubles / piece.
Another reliable manufacturer is the Zlatoust plant, which produces a wide range of FBS, FBP, FVP, stairs, panels, lintels and concrete road slabs. The products are reasonably priced. The price of a block of foundation FBS starts from 950 rubles / piece.
Features of installation of foundation FBS blocks
The process of installing blocks under the foundation does not require special knowledge and special skills. To obtain a good result, it is important to strictly follow the sequence of actions that are carried out in three stages.
The first step is to calculate the number of elements needed to build the foundation. To do this, the volume of the building is determined, the resulting value should be divided by the volume of one block. The second step is to prepare the base. Blocks should be laid on a sand cushion 50-100 mm thick, previously leveled and compacted. The length and width of the base should be 25-30 cm larger than the dimensions of the planned building. Next, the site is divided along the axes using construction plumb lines and a level.
The final stage is the direct laying of FBS blocks using a lifting mechanism. Beacon blocks are pre-installed at the corners, intersections and lintels of the foundation. The level checks the coincidence of the upper planes of the beacons, between which the cord should be pulled. The remaining elements of the first row are exposed on it. Between the blocks, according to the project, it is necessary to leave gaps for the passage of utilities.
Useful advice! Before installation, the blocks should be cleaned of possible contamination and moistened with water.
The geometry of the entire foundation will depend on the correct installation of the first row of blocks. The laying accuracy is controlled by a level. Structural elements are repaired with a crowbar. The next row is built on the principle of brickwork. Between the rows, a layer of cement mortar is provided, which is compacted with a bayonet shovel. The height of the foundation is usually 5 rows of products.
Important! Do not install blocks on a base covered with water or snow.
When building small structures in a summer cottage, you can use used foundation blocks measuring 400x600x200 mm. And the price per piece of the product will be only 300 rubles.
The use of FBS blocks in the construction of foundations and other facilities can significantly speed up the process. The correct choice of product size and compliance with the installation sequence will be the key to creating a strong, reliable and durable design.
Figure 1 - Appearance of FBS blocks
Solid foundation blocks (FBS) are reinforced concrete products, they are part of the foundation, which distribute the load on the foundation.
Blocks provide the ability to perform quick installation and are less affected by external factors compared to a monolithic foundation. Blocks for the foundation and walls have:
- strength;
- wear resistance;
- long service life.
In order to learn in detail about the dimensions and weight of FBS blocks, learn to decipher the markings and understand how the foundation blocks are laid, we recommend that you read the publication in full or go to the section that interests you.
FBS are made in the form of a parallelepiped. For the manufacture can be used:
- heavy concrete;
- silicate concrete of medium density.
Concrete blocks are not reinforced. For the manufacture of concrete blocks for the foundation, various technologies are used, common are:
- natural drying (100% strength achieved on day 28);
- steaming (forced drying to get 100% strength in a short time. A block that is in the steaming chamber for a day acquires a strength of 70% or more).
The most important ingredient in the composition of the block is high-quality concrete. In the end part of the FBS, grooves are provided, which are filled with mortar during installation work.
Figure 2 - Form for pouring
The block manufacturing process is as follows:
- Prepare a mixture of concrete using cement, aggregate and water (the mortar is mixed with paddles).
- Load the mortar into the block mold (manually or with ).
- Seal the solution (used to seal the solution). The concrete compaction process takes several minutes.
- Take out the finished blocks after a day (the excavation occurs earlier, in the case of using hardening accelerators).
To prevent the block from drying out, cover it with plastic wrap and water it occasionally with water. This is necessary for a set of block strength.
Types and marking
Reinforced concrete products are manufactured in accordance with. They are:
- FBS - solid;
- FBP - hollow;
- FBV - solid with a cutout (designed to pass communications under the ceiling and lay jumpers).
Figure 3 - Structure of the block marking symbol
For example, consider a block labeled FBS-12-Z-6t. When marking, decimeters are used, so the decoding of the marking is as follows: FBS is a solid block, 1180 mm long, 300 mm wide, 600 mm high, made of heavy concrete.
The letter designations at the end of the brand are deciphered:
- t - heavy concrete;
- p - on porous aggregates (expanded concrete);
- c - dense silicate.
In addition to the marking, the block contains the stamps of the manufacturer (including the Quality Control Department). Pay attention to this when buying.
Specifications
Figure 4 - Dimensions of the concrete block FBS
These products must:
- To be made of concrete class for compressive strength B7.5 (concrete grade M100) or B12.5 (concrete grade M150). It is possible to manufacture concrete blocks with a compressive strength class that differs from that presented in table 2. For heavy concrete, the indicators are not less than B3.5 (M50) and not more than B15 ().
- Be hardy (F50).
- Be waterproof (W2).
- Be dense (2200 - 2500 kg / m3, heavy concrete).
| Block brand | Compressive strength class of concrete | Consumption of materials | Block weight (average density 2400 kg/m3), t | |
| Concrete, m.cube | Steel, kg | |||
| FBS24.3.6-T | B7.5 | 0,406 | 1,46 | 0,97 |
| FBS24.4.6-T | B7.5 | 0,543 | 1,46 | 1,30 |
| FBS24.5.6-T | B7.5 | 0,679 | 2,36 | 1,63 |
| FBS24.3.6-T | B7.5 | 0,815 | 2,36 | 1,96 |
| FBS12.4.6-T | B7.5 | 0,265 | 1,46 | 0,64 |
| FBS12.5.6-T | B7.5 | 0,331 | 1,46 | 0,79 |
| FBS12.6.6-T | B7.5 | 0,398 | 1,46 | 0,96 |
| FBS12.4.3-T | B7.5 | 0,127 | 0,74 | 0,31 |
| FBS12.5.3-T | B7.5 | 0,159 | 0,74 | 0,38 |
| FBS12.6.3-T | B7.5 | 0,191 | 0,74 | 0,46 |
| FBS9.3.6-T | B7.5 | 0,146 | 0,76 | 0,35 |
| FBS9.4.6-T | B7.5 | 0,195 | 0,76 | 0,47 |
| FBS9.5.6-T | B7.5 | 0,244 | 0,76 | 0,59 |
| FBS9.6.6-T | B7.5 | 0,293 | 1,46 | 0,70 |
Step by step instructions for laying the foundation
To start laying concrete blocks for the foundation, dig a pit (trench). So that the installation does not cause inconvenience, it is important to find out the dimensions of the FBS blocks (table 1) and dig a wider trench. The bottom is cleared of rock, irregularities are smoothed out, the base is covered with sand. With sandy soil, this work is not advisable. In order for the laying of the foundation of concrete blocks to be successful, it is necessary to prepare the base.
Foundation preparation
Figure 5 - Concrete block foundation
For a sand base, you will need a timber beam, 50 - 100 mm in height. Make a mound of sand wider than the base of the foundation by 200 mm. After installing a wooden beam (be sure to check the evenness of the surface), moistened sand must be poured into the frame and compacted.
To increase the base area, the initial row is laid wider than the main part (you can use FL foundation slabs or fill the base with a monolithic one).
The gap between the laying of slabs can be up to 700 mm. Next, lay the first row of FBS in such a way that the seams located vertically are above the pillows.
Block stacking
To proceed with the installation of the foundation of the FBS blocks, you need to understand how to lay the blocks. Installation work begins with the markup. According to the drawing, stakes are installed, and a thread is pulled along them. To make laying the row easier, first arrange the blocks at the corners and intersections. Fill vertical seams with mortar or tamp as much as possible with earth. The space between the blocks that has arisen during laying is poured with concrete and leveled until a monolithic insert is obtained between the blocks.
The mortar layer between the top and bottom row must be at least 15 mm. Vertical seams are tied with a layer of concrete 250 - 600 mm. To strengthen the dressing between rows, use reinforcement. During masonry, do not forget to make a hole for sewer pipes.
Advice! When laying the foundation, use such types of concrete blocks for the foundation as FBS24.4.6-T. Their length will rationally distribute the load on the body of the plate, reduce the number of seams, and save time (choose the width and height at your discretion).
Sizes and prices
Depending on the size of FBS blocks, manufacturer and region, the price may vary.
For example, an FBS block with dimensions of 880 x 300 x 580 FSK "Tores" in the city of Ufa costs 655 rubles per unit, and the company "Stroykomplekt" in Moscow offers the same product for 843 rubles. per piece
| FBS 4-3-3 | 358 rub. |
| FBS 4-3-6 | 612 rub. |
| FBS 6-3-6 | 863 rub. |
| FBS 6-4-3 | 848 rub. |
| FBS 9-3-6 | 640 rub. |
| FBS 9-4-3 | 831 rub. |
| FBS 12-6-3 | 836 rub. |
| FBS 12-6-6 | RUB 1,742 |
| FBS 24-5-3 | RUB 2,253 |
| FBS 24-5-5 | RUB 2,612 |
Advice! During the purchase of concrete blocks, in addition to the price, ask the seller how many days the block gained strength.
Figure 6 - External view of the reinforced concrete product for the foundation 200 x 200 x 400
Foundation block 200 x 200 x 400, the price of which is 55 rubles. per piece, is not a kind of FBS blocks. It is made of concrete grade M100 and has a frost resistance index of F50. But due to its small size, experienced builders do not recommend using it at the base of the foundation.
The advantage of blocks for the foundation 200 x 200 x 400, the price of which is pleasing to the eye, is the possibility of laying the foundation in places inaccessible to the entrance of equipment. The weight of one block is within 30 - 35 kg, and for a one-story building (dacha, bathhouse, barn), concrete blocks for a foundation of this size are just right.
Output
FBS blocks are popular among professional builders. There are many varieties of concrete blocks, the main indicator of the size of the FBS is the width (for the construction of the base, this indicator is important in the first place). Having learned to decipher the FBS brand, you can determine in a matter of seconds what size the concrete block is for the foundation, what concrete it is made of and whether it matches the price.
Building block production technologies are constantly being improved. As a result, they have new properties that expand the scope of their application, make their use more and more profitable. True, for this it is important to take into account a variety of parameters, including the weight of the building block.
Scope of blocks
Block structures can be divided into two large groups:
- masonry (or wall);
- foundation.
For the construction of internal walls, the lightest building block is often used. It is made from foam or aerated concrete, and also happens to be expanded clay concrete, wood concrete, porous ceramic.
Massive blocks are indispensable when laying the foundation of a building. Their strength and ability to withstand the most serious load largely determines the weight of the concrete block, as well as the composition of the material from which it is made.
The innovations introduced into production have made the quality of block foundations no worse than well-known monolithic ones. But at the same time, work is moving much faster, installation is simplified, and costs are reduced. In addition, they are suitable for use in different climatic zones and geological conditions.
In addition to foundations, concrete blocks have proven their effectiveness in the construction and installation of:
- multi-storey buildings;
- non-residential construction objects,
- various fences,
- various partitions and ceilings.
What are the blocks
At construction sites, 3 types of concrete blocks are actively used:
- hollow;
- solid with a cutout;
- solid.
Hollow is the easiest block to build. Its standard weight is 14-17 kg. It is very cost-effective when laying walls. It is no coincidence that this technology is widespread in Europe and the USA. It attracts not only the ease of installation, but also the ability to fill the voids of the blocks with heat or sound insulation, as well as their flat outer surface, due to which the walls do not need plastering.
Solid foundation blocks with a cutout weigh 400-600 kg. Inside them there are special grooves in which the necessary communications are laid, which reduces the period of connecting the new building to heat and power networks, and water supply.
The most reliable and solid are solid foundation blocks, completely filled with concrete and reinforcement. Their weight directly depends on the size and can range from 300 kg to 2 tons. To find out exactly what is needed from this range for a particular object, the calculation of the weight of a concrete block helps.
Sometimes an amateur builder, who has conceived, for example, to build a country house with his own hands, does not know how to calculate the weight of a concrete block suitable for construction.
The basic indicators here are the dimensions of the structure and the weight of 1 m3 of concrete block. Multiplying the dimensions of each side together, we find out the volume of concrete in the block, and then multiply it by the weight of one cubic meter of concrete.
There is also an easier way. You can find out how much a concrete block weighs from the manufacturer or a representative of the selling company, and then decide on the number of blocks of a suitable type needed for construction.
The foundation block is one of the main building materials in modern construction. The abundance of manufacturers indicates a high demand for this concrete product. The low price made it possible to make this type of building material available on the market. Blocks are used for building foundations of buildings and structures, basement walls. The greatest application in the field of civil, industrial and individual construction was found by strip prefabricated foundations from FBS blocks. The assembly speed of such a foundation is quite high, because ready-made reinforced concrete products with guaranteed quality from manufacturing plants are used.