Standard size red brick. What can be the dimensions of red brick, as well as its varieties

According to GOST standards, the planes that form a brick are called spoons, poke and bed. The size of the brick and the way it is used depends on their dimensions. This material has been used for many centuries for the construction of various objects. It was first used by the most ancient masons. Over time, the manufacturing technology has changed, but the draft brick has retained standard sizes.

The height, width and length of an ordinary building brick are related to each other as 1:1/2:1/4. Such dimensions and proportions help to make the structure strong and durable. Another important issue in construction is the weight of the type of material used. The established parameters help to accurately calculate the amount of material required when planning structures.

There are several standard types of brick models:

• single - has dimensions 250x120x65, European marking of a single brick - RF;
• double brick - dimension 250x120x138;
• modular - 280x130x80;
• euro - 250x85x65.

The most popular red brick model is the aspect ratio of 250x114x71. This is the dimension of a normal material marked NF. A thin model is also considered common, in which the thickness is less than that of a normal one - 240x115x52. There is a wide range of this material on the market. You can calculate the construction of a house from models, the length of which can be up to 500 mm.

The shape of the bricks is also different. They are divided into 2 types according to their form:

• hollow.

There are some allowances for small defects (deviations from the norm) in the manufacture.

potential length, width and height may vary depending on the building material - facing or building bricks. The standardization of facing bricks should be stricter, since the beauty of the facade of the building depends on its size.

GOST standards

For ordinary solid red brick it is allowed:

• the presence of 2 stepped or chipped ribs and corners, size - up to 1.5 cm along the length of the rib;
• curved edges or edges no more than 0.3 cm;
• crack up to 3 cm on the sides (longitudinal faces) of the brick.

For an ordinary hollow red brick, it is permissible to have the following defects:

• up to 2 broken corners or ribs, the length of which is up to 1.5 cm, the main condition is not to come into contact with voids;
• the entire thickness is affected by the thickness of the bed, the width can reach a number of voids;
• one crack on the bonder and spoon faces.

Facing brick cannot have:

• corner chips with a depth of more than 1.5 cm;
• small cracks;
• chips on the ribs, at least 0.3 cm wide and 1.5 cm long.

Suitable facing material has:

• no more than 1 broken corner, depth up to 1.5 cm;
• up to 1 broken rib, the depth of which is up to 3 cm, and the length is up to 1.5 cm.

Architectural and construction plans involve the use of not only different textures on the facade of the house, but also different color schemes. Therefore, manufacturers have created such a variety of brick material for building houses that you can choose it for every taste. There is the possibility of combining not only aged materials, but also colorful, textural options. All this is done taking into account the durability of structures.

To reduce the weight of structures, one and a half and double types are used. They are quite light, unlike other types, as they are made mostly hollow. Most often, large blocks are used. But at the same time, the size of ceramic bricks and its ability to retain heat make it as popular as white stone, shell rock, draft brick. The use of this material makes construction quick and easy. And the consumption of masonry is reduced.

Purpose of various models

Brick has different types of division. According to the type of material from which the brick is made, they are divided into:

1. Red or ceramic is a universal material used for the construction of structures for various purposes. The manufacturing technology is simple and inexpensive: clay pressed into briquettes is fired and cooled. It is widely used in the construction of fundamental structures, walls, partitions. Often used in the construction of high, durable and durable fences. The ceramic look has different markings - 75, 100, 120, 150, 200, 250 and 300. The marking is an indicator of the unit's ability to withstand a certain pressure.
2. White or silicate - the manufacture is based on silicates. Silicate brick is considered less durable than red. But it is softer and more supple, has lightness. The versatility of white silicate brick is much less than that of the standard type. Used to build walls and partitions. The use of white brick does not apply to the construction of foundations and fireplaces.

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By appointment it is divided into 4 types:

1. Private - provides operational functions for masonry.
2. Clinker - is considered a durable type, water absorption is practically absent. In aggressive environments, it is used to build houses, as it can withstand terrible weather conditions. Also used as a decorative material.
3. Fireclay or refractory - in everyday life, units marked W are used, which have different dimensions.
4. Facing - is divided into several subspecies: chopped, smooth, imitating wild stone. Has a wide range of sizes.

Additional forms

There are 2 types of brick shapes: rectangular and wedge-shaped. This form is used when laying vaults and arches of a semicircular shape with different radii of curvature. Decorative or facing bricks are ideal masonry materials for building walls from the outside and reproducing interior decoration.

Why is the length and width always the same - 250x120 mm? The height of the considered building material may vary. Silicate one and a half brick has dimensions of 250x120x88 mm. Such changes are important for the convenient use of materials during masonry.

The dimensions of silicate bricks (250x120) are convenient because they are easy to use in construction.

It is this brick that fits easily into the hand, so it is convenient to lay it. And since most of the work in the construction of a house is performed by people, it is important to create materials that are as convenient as possible for them to use. The standard size of white silicate brick simplifies the laying of walls and partitions.

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When building a house, it is important to know what types of materials can be used for the foundation, and which ones can be used to build walls and partitions between rooms. That is why, before erecting buildings, it is important to study the properties of a particular type of material. Not all bricks are suitable for exterior cladding of a house and building a foundation.

Brick is a building material that is characterized by its strength and durability. It is considered the oldest known building material, made by firing clay briquettes, previously well pressed.

Red brick allows you to build a building in the required architectural concept, as well as save on the construction process. Especially this material is popular in private housing construction, in the construction of fences, garages and other auxiliary buildings. The one who is engaged in the construction, knowing the size of the red brick, only needs to correctly calculate the required amount, which will be required for the construction of the facility. It can be called the most versatile material.

History

Depending on the state, the dimensions of the masonry material had significant differences. This was primarily due to differences in metric systems. For example, the brick standard in England in the 19th century had dimensions of 9:4.5:2.5 inches, the German material - 25:12:6.3 centimeters.

On the American continent he was the smallest, which were 21:10:5.3 centimeters. In the Russian Empire, the material was larger than the English or German counterparts, and was 6:3:1.5 (4.45 centimeters). He weighed about three or four kilograms.

The territories remote from the center themselves determined the dimensions of the building material, which sometimes differed from the “canonical” ones, since the production facilities were not dependent on the center and the material went to meet the needs of local communities.

With the advent of conveyor production of building material and the beginning of mass capital development, the need to fix the dimensions of a standard red brick has become more acute.

In Europe, the most common bricks are NF and D. F. The first is ordinary, had dimensions of 24 × 11.5 × 7.1 cm, the other is thin, with dimensions of 5 × 5.2 centimeters.

In Europe DF brand material is considered the best for perception, due to the greater compliance with the architectural classics. But the NF brand saves mortar and increases the speed of masonry erection.

This aspect ratio of the bricks not only turned out to be the most optimal when building a wall, when it is required to alternate the longitudinal and transverse positions of the bars, but also to use material from different manufacturers on one construction site.

Surprisingly, in Russia, bricks of a unified standard began to be produced relatively recently, compared to how long this material has been used in the country - in 1927. From that moment the standard remains unchanged- 250 × 120 × 65 millimeters for a single brick size, its weight should be no more than 4.3 kg and all this is fixed by GOST 530-2007. In Europe, it is designated by RF symbols with parameters 250 × 120 × 88 mm for one and a half (although in practice it is not 1.5, but 1.35 times thicker) and 250 × 120 × 138 mm for double brick.

In Western countries, the standards are different, besides, there are much more of them. Among the most popular are 200 × 100 × 50 (65) millimeters and 240 × 115 × 52 (71) millimeters. In addition to the above, foreign bricks can be of different sizes, since in Europe there is an opinion that masonry made of material with a non-fixed length can emphasize the uniqueness of a building.

The Importance of Standardization

The normal dimensions of a brick are in the ratio 1:½:1/4, which makes it possible to give the structure of the building additional strength with the help of masonry dressing. This happens due to the fact that longitudinal and transverse alternation of building material is carried out in relation to the masonry axis and as a result, the load is more evenly distributed.

In addition to the above, the proportionality that is present in a standard brick size allows masonry work to be carried out at low labor costs. The briquette is easy to lift and can be held with one hand.

Also, the size of a standard window during the construction of a brick house is much more convenient to determine, starting from the standardization of the dimensions of the material.

Types of bricks, its characteristics and areas of use

full bodied

Brick of the usual size is used for the construction of load-bearing and reinforced buildings, laying the foundation, fireplaces, stoves. There are brands that are designated as M-075, M-100, M-125, in addition, there is M-150, M-175, frost resistance level F 50, degree of moisture absorption 8-10 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.51 W / ( m / K), the voidage index is up to 13 percent.

Refractory

This brick is intended directly for lining and laying furnaces. For its production it is necessary fired refractory clay(called chamotte) and various fillers. It does not melt or crumble and is able to withstand heat levels up to 1800 degrees Celsius. The letters and numbers in the marking indicate the level of fire resistance. The brand and size of such material can be different and depend on the composition, there are a large number of types, for example: Sh-5, Sh-8, ShA-5, there is also ShB-47. Frost resistance level F 50-75, heat conductivity from 0.70-0.85 W / (m / K), void index from 8 percent, degree of moisture absorption 8 percent.

Red

It is also called a "loaf", a full-bodied backing or double, and it weighs up to 7 kg. The strength is higher than that of the classic one, and it is used for the construction of load-bearing structures, frames, etc. There are grades: 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, there are also 250, 300 on sale, frost resistance level F 150, moisture absorption capacity 10 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.50 W / (m / K), voidage index up to 13 percent.

Ceramic

For laying the foundation, red ceramic bricks are used. It requires strength, the ability to withstand temperature extremes and high humidity. Dimensions according to GOST standards 250 × 120 × 65 mm, grades are sold: 150, 175, 200, 250, 300, frost resistance level F 50-100, degree of moisture absorption 6-16 percent, thermal conductivity parameters from 0.70 W / (m / K ), the voidage index is not more than 13 percent.

For building a plinth

This brick in the same way must be strong enough, resistant to moisture and low temperatures. It is best to use brands of at least M-125 or M-150. For such purposes fired and full-bodied ceramic can be optimally suited, but Turtle remains the most popular. The following grades are on sale: M-200, M-250, M-300, frost resistance level F 100, moisture absorption degree 12 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.51 W / (m / K), voidness index less than 13 percent.

What material is required to build a furnace?

Sometimes a red full-bodied ceramic stone can be confused with a real stove brick. It is produced by mixing red and blue clay, adding sand, and then subjecting the mass to firing. It can withstand temperatures of no more than 800 degrees Celsius, so the walls of the stoves will quickly collapse (burning firewood occurs at 900 degrees Celsius).

There are four types of real kiln brick:

• the main one is a mixture of lime and magnesia, more used in metallurgy;
• quartz - sandstone, quartz, with the addition of red dense clay;
• carbonaceous - from pressed coke, intended for the construction of blast furnaces;
• fireclay is a refractory material, it consists of 70 percent of refractory clay, is versatile in use, resistant to chemical attack.

How to choose a brand of brick?

In the construction of household stoves and fireplaces, quartz and so-called fireclay red bricks are used. Second option is more popular, since quartz at significant temperatures changes its structure and, as a result, thermal conductivity and volume. Gradually, this inevitably leads to deformation and destruction of the walls.

The size of the oven brick according to GOST

On a brick specifically for furnaces no separate document, there is only GOST 8426-75, which specifies the size and shape of clay bricks for chimneys. According to the established standard, there are 2 sizes of ordinary straight bricks, as shown below:

• single - dimensions 250 × 120 × 65 mm;
• thickened - dimensions 250 × 120 × 88 mm.

Also, according to GOST 8426–75, wedge-shaped bricks of 2 types are produced.

1. Radial-longitudinal. There are also single (dimensions 120 (70)x250×65; 120 (100)x250×65) and thickened (dimensions 120 (70)x250×88; 120 (100)x250×88).
2. Radially transverse. Single size is available in 2 sizes: 250 (200)x120×65; 250(225)x120x65. And the thickened standard size, instead of 65 mm, has a size of 88 mm.

Brick for the construction of fireclay furnaces, existing shapes and sizes

For ease of laying the furnace, they produce products that differ in configuration and size parameters This can be seen from the table below.

The standard size of the oven brick has a breech. It, like direct views, is made in the form of a parallelepiped. The largest face is called a bed, the middle one is called a spoon, and the smallest is called a poke. A poke is narrowed in the end wedge, and a spoon is narrowed in the rib wedge. These two varieties are used for curly masonry. In addition to standard products, fireclay plates can be found on sale- their dimensions correspond to the dimensions of the firebox, which they need to cover. The most common are bars of such dimensions - 460 × 230 × 75 millimeters, there is also a dimension of 600 × 230 × 90 millimeters.

Due to the ability to accumulate heat well, fireclay bricks can be recommended not only for the construction of furnaces, but also for the entire design of the furnace as a whole. Such a solution will be interesting in terms of decoration, because the straw-golden color of clay products will create a visual effect of warmth in the room. The many shapes and sizes that fireclay kiln bricks have make it possible to lay out not only standard straight lines, but also vaulted ones, trapezoidal surfaces are also possible.

According to GOST, spoons, poke, bed are the names of the planes that form the sides of the brick. This building material has a long history. It was used in their work by ancient masons. Years passed, production technologies improved, new types of bricks appeared, but their traditional sizes remained practically unchanged.

The aspect ratio of this material is 1:1/2:1/4. Its proportional dimensions make it possible to provide the necessary strength of the masonry, and is also important. The dimensions of the bricks tied to the standards make it easy to calculate their number for the construction of a particular structure.

Brick dimensions according to GOST - height, length and width

Modern construction does not stand still. With the growth of requirements for the construction of houses, the range of brick sizes has also expanded:

• Single- 250x120x65 mm (fixed by GOST 530-2007). According to the European marking, they have the designation RF.
• Double- 250x120x138 mm.
• One and a half- 250x120x88 mm.
• Modular- 280x130x80 mm.
• Euro bricks h - 250x85x65 mm.

The most popular bricks in Europe are NF (normal) - 240x115x71 and DF (thin) - 240x115x52, less common sizes - 250x85x65 mm and 200x100x50 (65). Today you can buy material up to 500 mm long. Every year the choice of standard sizes grows.

By shape, bricks are divided into:

• corpulent,
• hollow (slit)

However, in addition to the basic dimensions, such as height, length and width, permits for deviations from the norm (defects) are also used. Their size depends on the type of building material - building or facing. More stringent requirements are imposed on the latter, since the aesthetics of the building depend on its characteristics.

For building solid bricks it is allowed:

• The presence of dullness and chips of ribs and corners no more than 2 and no more than 1.5 cm in size along the length of the rib;
• Curvature of faces and edges up to 0.3 cm;
• On the side longitudinal (spoon) faces, a crack up to 3 cm long along the width of the brick is allowed.

For the building hollow option, it is allowed:

• No more than 2 bruises at the corners or ribs 1-1.5 cm long, provided that they do not reach the voids;
• Full thickness cracks on the bed. In width, they can reach the first row of voids;
• One crack each on bonder and spoon (transverse side) faces.

For facing bricks it is not allowed:

• Chipped corners, the depth of which exceeds 1.5 cm;
• The presence of cracks;
• Broken ribs, the width of which is more than 0.3 cm, and the length exceeds 1.5 cm.

In this case, a facing material is considered suitable for work, having:

• No more than 1 broken corners up to 1.5 cm deep;
• Department of handwriting, which in total does not exceed the length of 4 cm;
• No more than 1 broken ribs, in depth - not exceeding 3 cm, and in length - not more than 1.5 cm.

Architectural design often involves the use of different textures and colors. Modern choice of building materials is almost limitless. If desired, artificially aged, colorful and textural options can be combined in masonry without compromising the durability of the house.

One and a half and double bricks are produced mainly hollow. This reduces the weight of the structure.

The most popular in modern construction are porous large-sized blocks. Ceramic brick is lighter and warmer than the usual building option. Its use allows you to simplify and speed up construction, while reducing the consumption of masonry composition.

For laying 1 m 3, 512 single-type bricks will be required, and one-and-a-half bricks are 26% more - 378 pieces.

Red, silicate and facing bricks - dimensions and purpose

According to the type of material are divided into:

• Red (ceramic).

This type of building materials is obtained by firing briquettes from pressed clay. This is a versatile material. It is widely used in the construction of foundations, wall structures, partitions, fences, laying furnaces. Solid red brick comes in the following grades - 300, 250, 200, 150, 120, 100, 75. The grade indicates how much pressure the brick can withstand (kg / cm 2). The weight of 1 cubic meter of this material is 1700 kg (480 pieces).

• White (silicate).

It is produced on a silicate basis. Compared to red brick, it is a softer and lighter material with lower strength than its red counterpart. In addition, the silicate version is inferior to the red one in versatility. It can only be used in the construction of walls and partitions. It is not recommended to use white brick as a material for the foundation and plinth, for laying fireplaces and stoves.

By appointment:

• Private.

A brick that provides the performance characteristics of the masonry.

• Clinker.

It is characterized by low water absorption and high strength, which ensures proper masonry performance even in highly aggressive environments. Clinker brick perfectly copes with the functions of a decorative material.

• Chamotte (refractory).

For domestic purposes, the refractory fireclay version is most often used, which is marked "Sh". For example, W-5 has dimensions of 230x114x65 mm, W-6 - 230x115x40 mm, W-8 - 250x124x65 mm.

• Facing.

Facing brick can be chopped, smooth, imitating wild camel. Below are the main dimensions:

• 290x140x85 mm;
• 250x85x65 mm;
• 250x120x88 mm;
• 250x80x65 mm;
• 250x60x65 mm;
• 250x120x65 mm.

In addition to rectangular bricks, they can be wedge-shaped. This type of building materials is used in the laying of vaults and semicircular arches of different curvature radii. End wedge Sh-22 has dimensions of 230x114x65/55 mm, and for example end wedge Sh-45 - 230x114xx65/45 mm.

The use of decorative (facing) bricks allows you to perform flawless laying of external walls, as well as to produce interior decoration. When using facing bricks for interior walls, special attention should be paid to stitching seams.

To build a house, it is impossible to do without bricks. It began to be used decades ago. During this time, many types of this material appeared, the dimensions of which were standardized. The choice of standard sizes of facing bricks takes into account building experience, material production technology.

The sizes of imported bricks differ from Russian ones. In our country, there is a special GOST that sets certain parameters.

Varieties and brands

Different bricks are used for different areas of construction. It is divided into several groups, which differ in their technological characteristics, as well as in the material of manufacture.

Zabutovochny

The basis of the ceramic backing product is ordinary clay. Material processing is carried out by semi-dry pressing. This type of brick received a second name - ordinary. It is characterized by high strength and low cost.

Ceramic backing products have several positive qualities:

• strength;
• fire safety;
• frost resistance;
• long period of operation.

These products differ in their shape:

• corpulent;
• hollow.

There are no voids in a solid ordinary brick, only 13% of the total volume falls. The material has a high thermal conductivity.

During the construction of a residential building from such bricks, special masonry mortars are prepared, and additional insulation is laid.

"Loaf"

It differs in its appearance, on which the formation of various defects occurred:

• rough surface;
• chips;
• oblique edges.

Thanks to the relief pattern, the "loaf" perfectly adheres to concrete.

The main advantages of this type of brick are:

• high density;
• not afraid of mechanical influences;
• meets modern environmental requirements;
• does not lose its properties during temperature changes.

Hollow

Among the many advantages of such a brick, the following stand out:

• the value of thermal conductivity is much less than a similar solid block;
• creates excellent sound insulation;
• low density;
• small mass;
• economy.

Burnt

The current GOST does not recommend the use of burnt brick during construction, since its heat treatment was done incorrectly. In principle, burnt material can be called marriage. Such a brick is distinguished by its melted appearance, dark shade, violation of geometry. The product has a high density, perfectly conducts heat.

Since the technology was violated during its manufacture, the material is fragile and with a short service life. He is afraid of moisture, unstable at sub-zero temperatures.

M100

One square centimeter of this material freely withstands a pressure of 100 kg. The density of a brick is directly dependent on the material of manufacture.

Brick has several subgroups:

• ceramic;
• one and a half;
• hyperpressed;
• single;
• full-bodied;
• hollow.

M150

The block maintains pressure of 150 kg. The material is used for the construction of any buildings.

Basically, residential and utility rooms are built from it.

ShB-5

Refractory brick that was developed for the construction of structures where there is a constantly high temperature (for example, a furnace).

For individual construction, they mainly use direct SB. From it spread the casing of furnaces, in which the temperature can exceed 1400 degrees.

Technical characteristics of the product comply with the requirements of GOST 390 - 96.

1-NF

This is a single brick having a standard format. The material is available in different strengths. Popular brands of this variety include M100 and M200.

Thickened

The material differs from analogues in its height. It is larger by 13 mm. The difference in dimensions does not affect its use.

This brick has no fundamental differences from others, so it is used for various building purposes, especially in the construction of facade walls.

Facial

Such bricks are used to decorate the facade of walls made of any material. If necessary, they are covered with an additional insulating layer.

The advantages of facing finishing bricks include:

• strength;
• environmental friendliness;
• durability;
• different texture.

Clay

This product was used hundreds of years ago. However, even today the artificially made clay block has not lost its relevance. A different shape, a lot of various shades make it possible to create architectural masterpieces. This environmentally friendly material remains the most popular and in demand among the population.

High strength made it possible to lay out external walls from clay blocks, which are plastered and then faced. To create a beautiful design, a geometric pattern is made on the surface, which strengthens the hitch.

The disadvantage of a clay product is considered to be low frost resistance, as well as the inability to work in high humidity.

Yellow

Differs from analogs in a yellow shade. The composition of the brick includes:

• limestone;
• cement;
• iron oxide.

The mixture of these elements gives the brick a yellow tint. The product belongs to the silicate group. These blocks are mainly used for the construction of large yellow buildings. For the production of clinker products, clay is used, which never melts. It turns out the building material is bright yellow. This refractory material has found wide application in the construction of country houses, as it is highly frost-resistant. Fireclay bricks have a rough surface, yellow color and various shapes.

Parameters

Russian legislation has established a special standard for the technological characteristics and overall dimensions of blocks of various types.

single brick

Must have dimensions:

• length - 250 mm;
• width - 120 mm;
• height - 65 mm.

The dimensions of the double ordinary silicate block are slightly different:

• length - 250 mm;
• width - 120 mm;
• height - 138 mm.

One and a half thickened brick of different colors

Must have dimensions specified in the standard:

• length - 250 mm;
• width - 120 mm;
• height - 88 mm.

Special modular block

Overall dimensions differ from the standard (usual):

• length - 280 mm;
• width - 130 mm;
• height - 80 mm.

Eurobrick

Today, this original brick with dimensions has become very popular and in demand:

• length - 250 mm;
• width - 85 mm;
• height - 65 mm.

Calculation of building materials

Today, there are many special online calculators that will very accurately calculate the amount of material required to build a house.

A simple calculation is based on the standard parameters of a conventional ceramic block (250x120x65 mm). One cubic meter includes 512.82 pieces. If we take into account the masonry joints with a size of about 10 mm, the number will decrease by 118 bricks.

To determine the number of bricks that fit in 1 square. meter, builders use special tables.

Consumption rate

During the construction of any building, it is very important to adhere to the developed standards regarding the consumption of standard bricks with dimensions of 250x120x65 mm. Special tables help to accurately calculate the material consumption rate. This takes into account intermediate seams per cubic meter, the type of masonry, as well as the installation scheme for brick blocks:

• 2.5 items.

For a more accurate calculation, the thickness of the masonry in 1-2 bricks is also taken into account.

A huge variety of brick products allows you to choose the right type of blocks for individual and industrial construction. Different colors of bricks give designers the opportunity to realize their fantasies. Facilitate the work of calculating the required amount of material standardized dimensions.

You will find all brick sizes in the following video.

As a building material, brick has firmly occupied its niche since ancient times. This is explained by high rates of strength properties, stability when exposed to temperature, moisture, frost.

There are many variations of bricks on the market, some of which are universal in functionality, and some are used for special purposes. The operational differences of decorative, silicate or red bricks can be successfully used for a variety of building projects.

When choosing a material for its intended purpose, take into account such an indicator as its size. The most commonly used single stone, also called standard, normal or working.

Appearance, characteristics and purpose of the material

According to the technical requirements in modern construction, bricks are used, the dimensions of which correspond to the following parameters (in mm):

• single - length 250 (with a tolerance of +/-5 mm), width 120 (with a tolerance of +/-4 mm), height 65 (with a tolerance of +/-3 mm);
• one and a half - length 250, width 120, height 88;
• double - length 250, width 120, height 138.

The dimensions of red brick or sand-lime brick are standard, in other words, the material from which they are made does not determine its parameters, so normal stones have a standard height of 65 mm.

Dimensions are determined not so much by the convenience for the worker (it is easy to hold a stone weighing approximately 3.4 kg in your hand), but by the features of the masonry.

For example, the use of a working brick is effective when alternating transverse and longitudinal stones: there are 13 rows of bricks for each meter of masonry length. The geometric dimensions make it possible to carry out the laying rationally, taking into account the need for dressing.

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Dimensions of facing bricks

The dimensions of standard single facing bricks are the same as for ordinary ones, but variations are possible. So, clinker stones with a length of 250 mm and a height of 65 mm can have a width of 120, and 90, and 60. Hyper-pressed decorative blocks are characterized by the same dimensions as clinker ones. But the dimensions of ceramic plates are non-standard: length - 188, width - 88, and height - 63 mm.

The above parameters are the European standard, allowing the designer to create an original look for buildings, which is more than relevant in the conditions of Soviet and post-Soviet typification.

According to the American standard, the width of the material is somewhat less than that of the domestic one. Instead of the usual 120, it is customary to produce blocks with a width of 78 mm. These parameters allow you to save significantly in the process of transporting the material, during its laying. In construction, when using American material, it is possible to achieve a lower load on the foundation, and during restoration, a smaller thickness of the walls.

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Established norms

In accordance with the standards, a number of requirements are imposed on a single brick.

Instances that do not comply with the norm are unsuitable for construction work.

Attention should be paid to the fact that the indicator of the maximum volume of voids of a hollow ordinary stone does not exceed 13%. At the same time, the norm of volumetric weight fluctuates between 1700-1900 kg / m, the norm of the coefficient of thermal conductivity does not exceed 0.7 kcal / m, and the norm of water absorption starts at 8%.

The weight of a red solid single brick averages 3.5 kg, hollow - 2.4 kg, facing - 1.45 kg.

It is clear that the mass depends on the density of the material, while the weight of the sand-lime brick is the largest by standards. Some manufacturers deviate from the standard and, guided by specifications, produce blocks weighing 5 kg.

Reliability of adhesion and a decrease in thermal conductivity is ensured by a porous structure that excludes components such as stones and lime. According to the standards, the presence of cracks in the structure is not allowed.

With standard dimensions, the working stone has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped with straight and even edges, ribs, and corners. In hollow single blocks, according to the standards, different types of holes are provided - oval, round. The most durable are those bricks that have square holes.

To establish deviations from the norm, material from one batch is measured, which makes it possible to identify discrepancies in size, the presence of curvature, damage to corners or ribs.

The use of stone, the dimensions of which do not meet the standards, leads to masonry defects, which later affects the performance of the building as a whole.