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Do-it-yourself sewerage system in a private house. Do-it-yourself sewerage in a private house: scheme and rules for the location of the main structural elements

How to create a sewer in a private house. External and internal sewerage. The choice of materials and the location of the sewer. Installation of pipes and sewer drains.

When building a mansion, the sewerage scheme in a private house should play an important role. After all, the comfort of living and the availability of sewerage repair work in the future depend on the arrangement of the wastewater sewage system.

Stages of laying the sewer system. Materials for creating sewers. Internal and external sewerage, what are the differences in them. Choice of location. Arrangement options. Selection of the necessary pipes. Tips and tricks for a secure installation.

Types of waste systems

During the construction of a new building, sewerage is an integral part. With modern materials and the amount of useful information on the Internet, learning how to properly design a sewerage scheme in a private house with your own hands will not be a problem.

By following simple requirements, you can easily mount the waste system yourself, since you do not have to use outdated bulky materials.

Since the old grandfather's toilet has lost its relevance, especially in the cold season, three main types of waste systems are currently in operation:

A system connected to a collective or city collector;
Stationary waste collection point;
Sealed tank;
Stationary sewer well without a bottom;
Scheme of installation of bio-sewerage.

The principles of installing the pipe system in the house and up to the collector are almost the same for all types. It is convenient to carry out all the wiring around the house from PVC, and it is more rational to make a connection to the collection point with a HDPE pipe for technical purposes, since its length allows a seamless method. The main branch connected to the toilet is laid with a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, all other standard points of water intake (sink, washing machine, shower cabin) are connected to the common system with pipes of the 50th diameter.

The only requirement is a 2-3 degree angle on the horizontal sections to ensure optimum water flow.

PVC sewer pipes have their advantages and disadvantages when installing a waste system:

Easy way to connect. The whole circuit is assembled as a constructor, pipes and components are simply inserted into each other;
The materials are light in weight compared even to HDPE materials;
A simple way of fastening, including on a vertical surface;
The only drawback is the maximum length in free access of 6 m.

Do-it-yourself sewerage scheme in a private house

Do-it-yourself installation of a sewerage scheme in a private house is possible for all types of sewerage, except for biosewerage. To implement this option, it is recommended to contact specialists. All the rest can be mounted independently, but when connected to a central system, a package of permits is required.

Where to start

The first step is to select the collection point type. The most profitable is connecting to a common city branch. The user makes a one-time investment in the installation and required materials and pays a symbolic amount for the services monthly. This option is not always feasible for suburban construction, but there is an alternative.

Stationary sewerage scheme of a private house: the depth of the pipe to the tank

The tank can be made from different materials.

It could be:

Metal or plastic tank;
concrete structure;
Concrete rings mounted on a concrete base.

This method is acceptable even if there is a water well on the site, since liquid waste does not penetrate the soil with good waterproofing. The only drawback is the waste of money on the services of sewers. The septic tank, as a rule, is mounted to a depth of 1.5-2 m. The pipeline is strongly recommended to be laid below the level of soil freezing, which can be determined from a special map.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeny

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Depending on the number of points of water intake, the working volume of the tank is selected, but it should be borne in mind that the standard volume of a sewage truck is 3 m3, that is, the volume of your tank must be a multiple of this indicator.

For example, if the volume of the tank is 5 m3, you will either overpay for the services of the second machine, or 2 m3 of the working volume will be filled once and become useless.

In the case of a standard family of 4, with periodic washing, showering, washing dishes, a 3 m3 tank is filled on average in two weeks.

Option with leaky waste collection point

When implementing this type of sewerage, the location of the waste collection point is very important. The minimum distance from the house and outbuildings to the cesspool is 6-10 m. Otherwise, liquid drains wash out the soil and the sandy foundation pad.

Execution options:

Concrete rings installed on a drainage pad;
Brick version of the cesspool;
Metal or plastic barrels with holes connected in one system.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeny

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

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Note! When using barrels, the base is laid out with gravel, since the weight of the loose soil will press the container into loose soil.

When laying sewerage in a private house, it is recommended that the moat be made with a slope exceeding an angle of 2-3o for a more efficient process. The depth of the ditch for each case is different, depending on the size of the site and its location relative to the access roads.

The basic principles of the sewer pipeline

Depending on the number of communication drain points, a diagram of the internal arrangement of pipes is drawn up. For convenience, the diagram is drawn on graph paper. In the case of building a two-story building, in order to save materials, it is recommended to locate sanitary facilities and secondary drain points as close as possible to the collector. The main collector is mounted along one vertical line on all planned floors, all subsequent parts of the system are connected in series to the main line.

The technology for assembling PVC materials is very simple, since any pipe can be shortened to the desired size. It is also recommended to equip each unit with a closed system with an emergency adapter, in case of a blockage, or an adapter with a larger diameter.

Units located in closed piers are recommended to be connected using a sealant. It is recommended to avoid 90° angles to reduce the risk of clogging.

The principle of operation of the water lock

The water valve prevents the penetration of unpleasant odors from the sewer into the room. His device has the same design, the differences are only in size. Water serves as a kind of plug.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeny

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

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Note! In the event of a long period of inactivity without operation, the water evaporates, and the water seal loses its functional qualities.

Vacuum valves and fan pipe

These two concepts are unknown to most people outside the plumbing profession. The purpose of these two elements is to prevent the discharge of air in the system when draining a large amount of water or during the operation of sewers, at the time of pumping out waste from the storage tank.

Undoubtedly, installing a sewer system is the easiest stage of construction compared to electricity or building walls, but there are many pitfalls in this stage.

Here is a list of some of them:

When buying pipes and accessories, check the presence of a rubber gasket in the socket. She is often lost;
It is strongly not recommended to connect the exhaust pipe to the ventilation system;
In the case of a standard set of water consumption points (one toilet bowl, two sinks, a washing machine, a shower cabin), it is not necessary to install a fan pipe, you can limit yourself to a vacuum valve;
When laying PVC pipes in a ditch, carefully monitor the joints, as the joints are unstable;
It is strongly recommended to install an emergency drain to clean the sewer. It is installed as close as possible to the place where the pipe enters the house, in an accessible place.

Compared to other stages of construction, sewerage is the easiest to install, with the exception of bio-sewerage. Consult with experts or select specialized literature, as rash actions can destroy the bacteria present in the storage tank. For example, from a bleach-based toilet bowl cleaner, the bacteria will recover in a week.

It is difficult to call a comfortable private house that is not equipped with a well-thought-out, well-functioning drainage system. It is as much a part of civilized existence as electricity, ventilation and heating. Such an important component of the home communications network is subject to environmental and efficiency requirements; The drainage system of a private house should be simple to arrange and easy to use.

Schematic diagram of sewerage in a private house Source projject.ru

One of the main issues of improvement is sewerage for a private house; how to design it correctly and what to focus on during installation, the rules verified by experience will help you figure it out.

Varieties of sewerage systems in a private house

All houses located in the private sector are conventionally divided into two categories:

Houses with the ability to connect to the city (central) network. In most cases, the best option, with a long service life and no maintenance problems, unplanned expenses and water quality control.
Houses where connection to a centralized system is not possible. The fact that the city network is unavailable is not a reason to give up comfort. Under such conditions, the sewage system in a private house is reduced to an autonomous option, where water treatment and waste disposal takes place in locally installed treatment facilities.

You can also combine the sewer and drainage systems Source sovet-ingenera.com

Autonomous sewerage system includes:

internal sewerage responsible for the collection of wastewater and their output to the outside. It includes internal wiring (piping system), as well as plumbing and household appliances.
External sewerage. Its elements are external piping and a water treatment device (septic tank or autonomous sewer installation).

The most suitable (in terms of performance) type of individual treatment equipment is selected, taking into account several factors:

seasonality of living in the house;
intensity of water use;
plot size, soil type and structure;
groundwater level;
climatic conditions of the region.

The first stage of sewerage installation is the development of a preliminary project scheme.

Rules for drawing up a sewerage scheme in a house

The sewerage scheme in a private house is tied to the plan of the house. It should contain the key elements of the system - a riser (if the building has more than one floor), pipe markings (internal wiring, corners and turns), water drainage points.

When designing, it is important to remember that an overly complicated circuit will cause problems during operation and repair in the future.

Internal wiring is laid during the construction of the house. Its installation begins when the roof of the house and floors are installed, but the finishing work of the premises has not yet been carried out. External sewerage is mounted after the internal system is fully equipped. Below is a sewerage scheme for a private two-story house:

General scheme of internal sewerage in a two-story house Source strojdvor.ru

The order of drawing up the scheme:

All drawings are built to scale, the place of installation of the riser, pipe laying lines, the number of drain points (connection of plumbing and household appliances) are applied to the plan.
The size of the riser is determined, the total length of the pipeline is calculated (including the outlet), the exit point from the structure of the main riser.
In places of possible formation of blockages, cleaning and revisions are provided.
A separate drawing is built for each floor.
The size and location of the installation of the fan pipe is calculated (in large sewer systems, it prevents the occurrence of vacuum in the sewer pipe)
The scheme of external communications is built on the same principle.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of design and installation of sewerage and water supply. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Video description

About the sewerage scheme with a fan pipe on the video:

The choice of pipes for internal sewage

Building codes allow the following categories of pipes:

Cast iron. Traditional (until recently) solution. Cast iron products are strong, corrosion resistant and durable. The disadvantage is the weight and roughness of the inner surface. The latter quality contributes to the formation of deposits and the appearance of blockages. Pipes are ideal for laying in the ground.
Plastic. They are lighter and cheaper than cast iron counterparts, have a smooth surface, but are less durable. Pipes for intra-house wiring are gray; intended for external use are made of orange plastic. The most popular options include:

Pipes from PVC(polyvinyl chloride). Frost-resistant and wear-resistant, the main disadvantage is high hardness. They soften from heat and are mainly used in outdoor applications.
Pipes from PP(polypropylene). Elastic, lightweight and durable. Valued for their heat resistance (they soften only at 140 C°), they are therefore ideal for indoor use.

Plastic pipes for internal and external circuit Source cyberportal.ru

Less common are ceramic and asbestos-cement analogues.

In practice, the installation of sewerage in a private house in most cases is carried out using products made of polymeric materials (plastic). The choice is determined by the absence of corrosion (plastic is resistant to aggressive wastewater environments), and easy installation of structures.

How is sewer wiring done

The most time-consuming part of the work is considered to be the wiring of sewers for a private house; how to carry it out correctly is indicated in the design and installation rules.

Inside the house

Elements of the sewerage system for a private house are mounted parallel to the construction of the building. Holes for internal wiring are laid during the construction of walls, partitions and ceilings.

Sewer installation technology provides for several types of pipes:

Sewer riser, 100 mm in diameter.
Main (between riser and outlet); diameter 70 mm.
Branch (connected to the washbasin, bathroom, washing machine) - 50 mm.

Completed piping installation Source repair-pro.com.ua

The spillway system inside the house is gravity (non-pressure). To avoid blockages, pipes are mounted with a slope, the value of which is controlled by the level and depends on the diameter. A sewer pipe with a diameter of 40-50 mm is given a slope of 30 mm per linear meter, a diameter of 100 mm - 20 mm.

Completed ceiling wiring Source vodavdom.msk.ru

Horizontal wiring is performed using oblique tees and adapters (crosses) for connection. Turns are carried out using two knees with a smooth bend at an angle of 45 °; this arrangement reduces the risk of clogging. After each turn, revisions (cleanings) are provided. Right angles are allowed only in vertically arranged structures.

fan pipe

With a sharp entry into the sewer of a large amount of wastewater, the latter can completely fill the entire diameter of the pipe. At the same time, when the drains go down, an area of low atmospheric pressure (vacuum) is created behind them, into which water from the siphon and air from the room are sucked in with characteristic sounds.

When the pressure equalizes, then without a water plug, the smell from the sewer enters the room back through the siphons. To prevent the occurrence of vacuum, a fan pipe with an air valve is installed - they are responsible for maintaining atmospheric pressure in all parts of the sewer system.

Fan pipe features:

It is designed and displayed 50-70 cm above the roof.
It must not be combined with a chimney or ventilation.
It is not placed near windows or balconies.

Conclusion of the exhaust (fan) pipe through the roof Source zen.yandex.ru

outdoor part

Installation of the outer part of the sewer system begins after determining the location of the septic tank.

The outlet (the connecting link between the external and internal sewerage at the boundary of the room) is laid at the base of the house below the freezing point of the soil and is thermally insulated. If it was not provided during the laying of the foundation, it is necessary to drill a hole for the protective sleeve, 200-250 mm wider than the pipe diameter. Its edge should protrude from each side of the foundation by 15 cm. The space between the sleeve and the outlet pipe is filled with foam.

Laying of external communications Source mastez.ru

It is reasonable to place wet rooms (kitchen, bathroom) side by side and at the same time as close as possible to the central riser. This will help to reduce the length of sewer communications to the riser, which will facilitate installation and further maintenance.
A voluminous project (pool, bath, sauna), additional plumbing means a large amount of waste. A carefully designed water supply and drainage scheme, additional risers and septic tanks, and a pump connection will be required.
Sewer pipes in a private house can be placed under the floor, in the walls or laid on top. Near the sink, in the shower and in the toilet, a water seal is arranged, thanks to which extraneous odors cannot enter the premises.
It is unacceptable to arbitrarily change the slope. Its increase will lead to a deterioration in the self-cleaning of the system and the appearance of strong noise. When the slope decreases, the flow of water slows down, which is fraught with blockage.

Slope control when laying sewers Source remontik.org

The complex topography of the site creates additional problems for laying a pipeline with a slope. In this case, an axonometric diagram is built that allows you to determine the position of the sewer elements in space. If difficult places cannot be bypassed, the solution will be to install a pump.

Video description

Clearly about some of the nuances of sewerage in the video:

Conclusion

A well-designed and organized sewerage system will help create the necessary minimum comfort for the inhabitants of the house. The achievement of this worthy goal is facilitated by the involvement of specialized specialists. And it does not matter whether it is a wooden house or a brick one - the principles of the system are the same everywhere.

If earlier a toilet on the street was considered a common thing for a suburban area, now even in summer cottages where they come to relax on weekends, homeowners strive to create comfortable conditions. And a lot depends on whether the sewerage system was chosen, designed and installed correctly. Which treatment plant to choose, how to make a septic tank on your own, when it is better to install one VOC for several houses, how to sewer, what pipes to use and how to properly lay in a house and in a plot - we discuss these and other issues on organizing sewerage outside the city in this week's topic .

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It is unlikely that a modern person can imagine his existence without comfort and the usual benefits of existence, therefore, when arranging a frequency house or summer house, first of all, it is necessary to properly equip the water supply system, and of course the sewer system in compliance with all sanitary and hygienic standards.

The arrangement of the sewerage system allows not only to use the bathroom, but also to connect sinks, a dishwasher or a washing machine and bring life in a suburban area closer to living in a city apartment.

The installation of a sewer system is a laborious process and requires a serious approach, moreover, it is best to design a sewer at the initial stage of construction of private buildings.

Before starting work, it is necessary to carry out water supply and only then carry out the installation of the sewerage system, adhering to a strict sequence.

The main types of sewer systems

The modern sewer system is classified into three main types:

Internal, where all communications are located inside the house.
Outdoor, in which communications are located outside the house, which include cesspools, treatment stations, cesspools, septic tanks.
The most important step is to carry out the sewer system into the house, since all the main elements and wiring to the main highways will be located inside the building. At this stage, proper arrangement is very important, which will ensure the performance and smooth functioning of the entire system.

Materials that will be needed when arranging the sewer system

The basis of any type of sewer system is a common riser, into which wastewater flows. Everything that passes through the riser enters the laid external sewer system and merges into the sump, which is located on the site.

Necessary materials:

Pipes, the number of which must be calculated in advance.
Branches for the sewer system, the size of which must correspond to the diameter of the pipes.
Tees of the desired style, which are necessary for branching the system.
Reducers and adapters for connecting pipes of various diameters.
Audits to control the functioning of the sewer system and access to clean it in case of blockage.
Plugs for bells, which cover unused holes.
Special fasteners for fixing sewer pipes.
Sealant - plumbing silicone in pipes and a gun that is needed to apply it.

Important! For the riser, you will need a pipe of a sufficiently large diameter (from 100 mm), since this pipe diameter is used to drain waste from the toilet. Install a riser in the very corner of the bathroom or in a pre-equipped shaft.

In addition, it is important to prepare all the tools and materials necessary for the work so that everything is at hand during the work.

The drain pipe must be well fixed. It is also necessary to align future places, joints, which will include outlet pipes from sinks, toilet bowls, bathtubs.

To ensure better sealing of pipe joints and avoid leakage, the joints are lubricated with grease or silicone.

Since plastic pipes are most often used in the arrangement of the sewer system, it is necessary to ensure their reliable fixation. the more reliable the fastening, the less likely the deformation of the sewer pipes, since the mass of filled pipes is much greater than empty ones.

Self-assembly of the sewer system

Do-it-yourself sewerage is quite simple, even without certain skills and experience. The main thing is to follow the sequence of work, purchase high-quality materials, and prepare the tool you need for the job.

Important! If you are still unsure of your abilities, you can always invite professional craftsmen who will carry out all the sewer installation work quickly and efficiently. However, in the process of their work, you can monitor the progress of the work, gaining experience and at the same time controlling the quality.

It is very important that the drain pipes coming from the toilet or bathtub exit at an angle to prevent clogging and ensure a normal level of system performance. The angle of inclination per meter should be between 2 and 4 degrees.

You should not purchase corrugated pipes for arranging the sewerage system - it is better to give preference to pipes with an ugly inner surface. It is recommended to fix the pipes immediately after connection and docking. To do this, it is necessary to build a box or gutter of drywall or other waterproof material. This design will achieve reliable fixation and get a rigid system that will be resistant to mechanical damage and water displacement.

Important! When installing the transition from a vertical to a horizontal drain, it is advisable to install a connecting element with an angle of 90 degrees in this place. This will help to significantly reduce the load on the nodes and pipes from pressure when draining water.

To install the transition node, you need to dig a deep hole of the appropriate diameter. This is also convenient because, if necessary, you can install an inspection sleeve, which will allow you to clean the system in case of clogging.

At the next stage, the drain line is taken out of the house. in the foundation, a hole of the required size is made and a corner is cut out at an angle of 15 degrees, and then a constant level of inclination of the drain pipe is set, inclusive, until it enters the drain pit, no more than 2-3 degrees.

Do not make a smaller slope or, on the contrary, tilt the pipe too much. A small slope will slow down the flow of drains, and with a strong slope, the sewage will pass too quickly through the sewer pipes, leaving solid fragments on the walls, which will soon lead to clogging and disruption of the sewer system.

Important! If the location is too close, the foundation may be damaged over time, and too large a distance can cause stagnation in the system, especially if it has many joints and turns.

At the final stage, it is necessary to dig a trench for laying the pipe, the depth of which depends on the climatic and weather conditions in your area. If winters are harsh and cold, the trench must be deep enough to prevent freezing and damage to the integrity of the pipes. For greater safety, you can insulate the pipes with insulation before the final backfilling of the soil.

It is equally important to install several small manholes along the entire length of the sewer pipes, which will allow an audit of the sewer system in case of blockages. Immediately before laying the sewer pipes, it is recommended to concrete the trench. The bottom of the trench should be as dewy as possible without elevation changes.

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Owning your own home is the dream of many people. There is nothing better than your own corner, provided with all amenities. However, everyone wants to surround themselves with comfort, and the outdoor toilet, along with the need to carry water from the well, is a thing of the past. In this regard, the question became relevant: “How is a sewerage scheme created in a private house with your own hands?”.

Creating a sewer for a private house is not as difficult as it seems

Before starting construction, it is necessary to determine the type of sewerage scheme in a private house. With your own hands, you can create several varieties that will have their pros and cons.

The most popular are the following varieties:

Drain well. Simply put, an ordinary pit that accumulates all waste and sewage. Such a structure is inexpensive, does not take much time during construction. The sequence of actions is simple - dig a hole at a distance of twenty meters from the house. The calculation of its volume is based on indicators of 0.7 cubic meters per person. To strengthen the walls, it is recommended to use brickwork or concrete rings. After that, for additional sealing, the seams are coated with bitumen. The bottom of the pit can be filled with concrete so that the wastewater does not poison the soil. Upon completion of construction, install a hatch for the subsequent removal of liquid. This is the simplest sewerage scheme in private houses, created by the owner with his own hands. However, such an arrangement is relevant, rather, for country houses than for a full-fledged living space;

An equally well-known method is the instillation of a closed container. This structure functions on the same principle as the drain pit. A special tank is buried in the ground, the volume of which is calculated according to the number of people living. The main waste lines are brought to the hatch of the tank. Drain water accumulates in the tank without polluting the surrounding area. A significant disadvantage of this method can be considered the need for constant cleaning.

A septic tank is difficult to build, but at the same time the most reliable sewerage system in a private house, the scheme, laying depth and components of which can guarantee efficient operation for many years. During construction, it is necessary to choose a suitable place for the future well. Distance from the house should not be less than twenty meters. Further, the walls of the pit are securely reinforced with bricks, the recommended thickness of the masonry is twenty-five centimeters. We carefully concrete the bottom, after which we proceed to laying the drain. Position it above the water. Do not forget to provide a hole through which the liquid will be removed.

Helpful information! Deciding which option to choose should be based on the funds that you expect to spend during construction. The above examples differ both in the high cost of the elements and in the time costs.

In addition, do-it-yourself sewerage in a private house depends on the layout of the dwelling and the number of people who regularly live in it. Experts recommend placing rooms such as a kitchen, bathroom and toilet nearby. This configuration makes it possible to allocate a single collector for their service, through which the waste liquid will flow into a septic tank or sewage pit.

If the house turns out to be too large, and its layout provides for a significant removal of the kitchen from other rooms with drainage, it will be required. It is necessary to take care of separate drainage, as well as provide for the possibility for pumping out drain water. Owners should take care to install risers to provide water to the upper rooms.

Related article:

In the article, we will consider options for a drainage device, how to make a reliable system with your own hands, the average cost of the work of specialists.

The components that make up the sewer for private houses with their own hands

The drainage system consists of basic elements, each of which performs its own functions. The first place in the list is occupied by the communications of the premises. Pipes and hoses located in rooms and performing the function of drainage. Laid in rooms with plumbing, at the exit they are combined by a collector, through which the waste liquid leaves.

Further, the main functions are taken over by external communications. The pipeline installed on the street is most often dug into the ground or protected by a casing. Separate drains from utility rooms can be connected to it, for example,. The main task of this node is the delivery of wastewater to the receiving device.

The final stage in the chain is the storage tank, the main function of which is to store water and other waste. Depending on the complexity of the system, the receiving device can either simply be filled with water or filter sewage.

Do-it-yourself sewerage laying in private houses: video tips and more

At the first stage, the soil layer should be carefully examined for special characteristics. When looking for a site for a drain well, you need to pay attention to:

Slopes, potholes and other natural depressions on your site;
Free access to vehicles for cleaning the storage tank;
Remoteness from economic constructions and fences.

In most cases, country houses are used seasonally and do not live there regularly. Therefore, do-it-yourself sewerage in private houses can do with a small receiving capacity.

Helpful information! If you adhere to sanitary and building codes, the sewage pit must be located at a distance of at least five meters from other buildings. Experienced builders recommend increasing this distance as much as possible to isolate the house from unpleasant odors.

It is best to dig the hole in a low-lying area to provide a natural slope for runoff. Try to avoid such an arrangement in order to prevent accidents.

This video will help you understand how to draw up a diagram and plan for a drainage system:

Selection of parts and fittings for sewerage

The next step in construction is the selection of components. The quality of the fittings and other parts you choose will determine the durability and quality of the entire system.

Going to a specialized store, you need to know that the pipeline is divided into external and internal. The first combines high conductivity, resistance to high and low temperatures, as well as chemical and biological substances. These communications must freely pass water and be hermetically connected to the outlet manifold.

The external pipeline has the same qualities, with the addition of specific features. Its surface can withstand the load of the earth, because such communications are buried to a depth of two meters. In addition, these pipes are absolutely hermetic and pass according to international technical parameters.

When choosing communications, pay attention to the material from which they are made. There are the following types: