Do-it-yourself carbon filter for water. DIY water filter - effective and inexpensive solutions

Currently, the issue of water purification is very acute. Every year you can observe the situation of increasing demand for treatment equipment. In particular, we are talking about household water filters. Moreover, if earlier only residents of cities needed it, today urban-type settlements and villages are also forced to use such equipment. Let's talk about how to make DIY water filters.

Why is filtration necessary?

It is hardly necessary to say once again that the water that comes from central water supply is not of particular quality. A large number of various inclusions, mechanical insoluble compounds, etc. harmful effect on our body. Someone may say that it is not needed for a well, and they will be completely wrong. The fact is that water from a well or a well is also not perfectly clean. Nitrates, pathogens, impurities that worsen taste qualities, - all this can be present in one way or another.

For example, pesticides used by farmers seep into the soil and underground rivers. As a result, such water ends up in our well. Corrosion on metal or wells contributes to the appearance of in any case, it is desirable to have at least a filter for coarse cleaning water.

Overview of suitable materials

As noted above, you can make water filters with your own hands, and sometimes you need to do it. So, paper, gauze or cotton filters are suitable as a temporary option. They are very effective, but since they are not very durable, they need to be changed often.

As for regular use, the best way - charcoal. It can be both bought and obtained by pyrolysis at home. But by itself it is useless. It is advisable to lay in layers, alternating it with sand, gravel or grass.

It would seem that the usual household filter for coarse water purification. For the city - yes, it is good decision. But its use in the country is not always advisable. This is due to the fact that for normal operation a certain amount of water pressure is required. Let's see how to make the simplest water filters with your own hands. To do this, we need a minimum of time and effort.

plastic bottle filter

If you do not want to constantly change cartridges, then it is ideal for you. homemade filter. To make it, we need plastic bottle. She needs to cut the bottom. After that, we take an ordinary plastic bucket with a lid. On it we cut out the corresponding hole for the neck of the bottle. After that, with the cap down, the bottle is inserted into a pre-prepared hole and filled with a filter element. In our case, this is charcoal and the most ordinary paper napkins.

In general, such a design can be modified indefinitely. Nobody forbids to increase the volume of containers. For example, instead of a bucket, take a 20-liter container and attach a faucet at its bottom through which purified water will be released. In general, do-it-yourself water filters are very easy to make and you don’t need to buy anything. Now let's delve into this topic in more detail.

Homemade carbon filter

It is charcoal that is most often used as the main filter element. Something like birch is ideal for making a filter. The main thing is not to use conifers. The process of making charcoal is quite simple. We take the workpiece, place it in a metal container, which is closed with a lid. We calcine for some time red-hot on fire and voila, the charcoal is ready. In principle, you can also use burnt-out black coals from under the fire. They should be medium in size, 1-3 cm.

After cooling, take the charcoal and tightly wrap it in gauze. Carefully place it in the funnel of the container where the water will be poured, so that all the liquid gets on the surface of the filter. This is the simplest and fast option which can be made in field conditions being far from civilization. But a home water filter should be somewhat more reliable and practical. Now let's talk about this.

Reliable water filter for cottages and homes

We will use the same charcoal as the main filter element. But this time it will take a little more effort. We take a container of 20 liters and cut a small hole for the faucet at its lowest point, then put a sealant and glue the whole thing. This container will be used as a recipient of purified water. A smaller container must be inserted into the neck of the receiver, in which the filter will be located.

For these purposes, a 10-liter container or even less is suitable. In the very simple version you can take an eggplant for 5-10 liters. In principle, the water filter for the house is almost ready, it remains to decide on the filter element. It is best to make a homemade filter cartridge. To do this, take a small piece plastic pipe suitable diameter. It should be placed at the junction of two containers, preferably with an interference fit, if necessary, it can be fixed. A piece of pipe is stuffed with crushed coal and covered with gauze, possibly with cotton wool.

About filter performance

After all the structural elements have been prepared, you can proceed directly to testing. To do this, fill the first batch of water. You will surely notice that it will contain the smallest particles of coal. But it's not scary at all. Such a liquid can be drunk with confidence, but if you do not want to do this, then simply drain it. As for how productive such a water filter for a summer house or home will be, this largely depends directly on the cartridge.

The thicker it is, the longer it takes, the longer water will pass through it, therefore, the performance will be lower, but the cleaning quality will be higher. The optimal indicator is 2-3 liters per hour. We can say that this is quite enough to get drunk for a large family. Moreover, under the filter you will have a 20-liter container installed, which will fill up over time.

Carbon filters for water purification: reviews

It is worth noting that this kind of construction, considered by us, has been used for quite a long time. During this time, homemade filters have become extremely popular and in demand. They are cheap and yet just as effective as store-bought ones. And the thing is that the purchased cleaning element has the same filter material. Sometimes, of course, coconut shells are used that have undergone pyrolysis, but this does not change the essence.

Those who use carbon filters daily write that they allow you to purify water well from various impurities. In addition, the material for them can be made independently, so there is no need to spend your own money. Of course, performance is not always pleasing, but within reasonable limits it can be increased. Carbon filters for water purification, reviews of which we have just reviewed, are effective and convenient.

Water filter

You can make a full-fledged three-flask filter for cold water supplied by a water supply system under a certain pressure. To do this, we need to purchase three identical flasks. They must be connected in series using a ¼ inch adapter nipple. Each nipple has a corresponding designation (In / out), which indicates the direction of movement of the carrier. These designations must be adhered to. In order to avoid leaks, it is desirable to seal the joints additionally. Using a straight adapter, the outer openings of the flasks are connected to a ¼ inch tube.

Filter for tap water such a plan should be connected to the system with a tee. With regard to which the flasks are filled, it can be used the most diverse. For guard heating equipment a charcoal filter is suitable for limescale.

A few important details

It is worth paying your attention to the fact that the water filter scheme may differ depending on the installation location. For example, it is not recommended to connect low-performance filters to well pumps. If this is done, then their performance must be consistent with the performance. Only there can the efficient and coordinated operation of the equipment be achieved.

If the water will flow by gravity, then it is better to use a home-made multilayer filter. The bottom line is that crushed charcoal is laid, then thin layer sand, again coal, etc. But you need to understand that with each new layer, the permeability of water worsens to the point that it will barely drip. That is why any filter for cold water must be done wisely.

Conclusion

Expensive filter units from renowned companies in many cases do not make any sense. Of course, this does not mean that they are useless. The point here is rather that there is nothing special about them. A standard filter element is used with only a few modifications. If you have no desire to do something yourself and, most importantly, if you are not sure about the effectiveness of homemade filters, then it is better to buy one. But it is unlikely that such an acquisition, especially a high-performance and really good one, will cost you cheap. In general, for a summer residence or country house You can make your own filter. You will always find materials for it at hand. At the same time, you will definitely be satisfied with the quality of water and its purity. But for this you need to strictly follow the instructions.

To always have a glass of clean drinking water, for example, in the country, you must either buy it, which will entail costs, or resort to using filters.

Filtering equipment can be made by hand using simple materials.

As a filter layer self-manufacturing can be used:

• paper napkins;
• cotton wool;
• gauze;
• cotton fabric;
• grass;
• sand;
• charcoal (crushed);

Conventionally, all of the above components can be divided into 2 types:

1. With short term services: napkins, cloth, cotton wool, gauze and other similar materials (available at a store or pharmacy).
2. Able to reliably filter water for a long time: coal, sand and grass (to create charcoal, you need to ignite the collected pieces of wood in a metal bowl, and you can pick up the sand yourself and clean it with a sieve or buy it in building materials).

They are alternated in layers to have a greater degree of purification.

We make a filter from a plastic bottle

We need: a bottle, cloth, coal.

To create not complex structure filter device from a plastic bottle, you must first rinse it thoroughly.

1. bottle cap unscrewed and left aside, and part of the bottom is cut off evenly with a suitable object, such as a knife.
2. In a bottle upside down a repeatedly folded cotton cloth is placed. It must be pressed very tightly against the neck of the bottle (in our case, the bottom). To understand how much material is optimal, divide the bottle by 5 equal parts, regardless of the narrowing. One of them should be for fabric.
3. The cover needs to be drilled. The hole should be small.
4. Charcoal, securely wrapped in gauze and folded in several rows so that the sides are not visible, and the black color is slightly visible from below and from above, is placed inside the bottle with twisting movements, pressing down as hard as possible to the bottom. Since it is necessary for the filter that this part of the structure cannot pass any contaminants past itself, it must be dense, and this method rooms are comfortable.

The filter is ready, but before you start using it, you need to check it for quality. To do this, you can take a liter of water mixed with sand and carefully pour it into a bottle securely fixed to the surface, for example, by placing the neck in glass jar right size. The outlet water should be clear and clean. It will need to be boiled.

The container can be taken in any size, depending on the purpose of collecting water: from 1 liter or 5-20 liters. And in order for the filter bottle to fit snugly against a vessel with clean water, you must either treat the surfaces with sandpaper or use rubber seals.

As a filler for the filter, various combinations of materials can be made. For example, gauze or cotton wool is placed first, the middle layer can be made from charcoal wrapped in cloth, and the top layer from river sand.

If there are no tissues or napkins at hand, then fresh grass is placed as the first layer, and river sand is already on top.

Today there is a large number of carbon filters, among which stand out: cartridge, desktop, automatic and jug. Here we consider more convenient option which you can make yourself.

How to make a cartridge carbon filter at home?

It is necessary to prepare a fairly large container into which purified water will drain. Well suited, for example, a clean canister of 20 liters. At the bottom, on one of the sides, a small hole is cut out for the faucet, which is glued there with hot glue.

The tap can be bought separately or cut out of the wine bag:

1. For water that will need to be filtered, you can use a plastic bottle of the same volume as for purified water or a little less, for example 10 liters. The neck should fit comfortably into the food bowl. At the bottom, you need to cut a hole to fill it with water.
2. Take about 4 cm in diameter and up to 30 cm long. For the bottom, use a suitable plastic bottle, for example, from medicines, at the bottom of which several small holes are drilled. Several paper napkins are placed inside. The edges should be sealed with hot glue.
3. The tube is completely clogged with charcoal. A few napkins are placed on top so that it does not float. They are also fixed with hot glue to the neck of the top bottle.
4. The upper vessel with the filter is inserted into the lower one. If the design turned out to be sufficiently tight, then no further action is required. If there is a fairly large gap, then it must be sealed or rubber liners of a suitable size should be used.

To check and put the filter into operation, you need to pour 5 liters of water into upper part. The first filtered water is drained. This operation is necessary so that small particles of coal are washed out.

Plumbing filters

If necessary, you can create a filter for the water supply. At the same time, the structure will consist of 3 parts: a layer of gravel is placed on the lower tier, cloth and charcoal on 2, cloth and sand on the third, upper tier. The second option would be a similar system, only other fillers are used: 1 - grass, 2 - ash, stones, 3 - sand.

So, using 3 bottles of the same size, in which the bottom is cut, you can create your own filter. Fillers are laid out alternately inside: grass, ash / stones, sand or a layer of gravel, then charcoal wrapped in cloth and sand wrapped in cloth.

The bottles themselves are placed one inside the other in the course of filling. To prevent water from leaking from the side surface, it will need to be sealed with adhesive construction tape, which has increased moisture resistance.

The resulting device is attached to the plumbing system using a tee. And the water itself is supplied with a small pressure power so that the filter has time to cope with its task.

Blitz tips:

1. To prevent small particles from escaping with water, it must be remembered that for each layer it is better to use a cloth, gauze or napkins. They need to be folded in several layers for reliability.
2. After installation, always check the filter device for proper operation. If the water comes out cloudy, then the filter is not built correctly. Therefore, it will be necessary to disassemble and reassemble it, paying special attention to fine sand or ashes, which should be better wrapped in cloth.

Any person quickly gets used to everything good, so the members modern society it is quite difficult to do without all the benefits of civilization. Most residents of city apartments prefer to purify drinking water using special filters that are installed right under the sink. Unfortunately, residents of private houses and summer cottages are less lucky, since they do not have the opportunity to connect to central system water supply and enjoy all the benefits of treatment facilities. In principle, you can purchase an ordinary filter jug ​​for water purification. But what to do if it is not enough and you need to purify water not only for drinking, but also economic needs. Today we will get acquainted with the most popular ways to make water filters with your own hands for use in a city apartment and in the private sector.

Production of filters for an apartment

There are two options for how to make a water filter at home, which are very popular among urban residents. Actually, we will consider them further.

How to recycle an old water filter?

Perhaps, once you have already used a special filter, but the cartridge responsible for water purification has already become unusable and is not able to perform its function. Do not rush to buy a new one, because it can be restored.

To do this, you will need the following materials:

• Housing from an old filter element.
• Activated or charcoal.
• Cotton pad.

Making such homemade water filters with your own hands is very simple:

1. Carefully cut out the top piece, set aside as you won't need it anymore. Leave only the upper clamping ring.
2. Remove the spent contents of the filter, and rinse the housing itself thoroughly with water.
3. Divide a cotton pad in half, lay one half on the bottom of the case.
4. Fill the case with crushed coal.
5. Cover it with the second half of a cotton pad, secure with a ring.

Important! There are some models of cartridges in which the clamping ring is not fixed in the body. In this case, you can fix it with a sealant, just a couple of drops will be enough, the main thing is that it be non-toxic and waterproof.

How to make a filter from improvised materials?

To make a homemade water filter, you will need:

• An empty plastic bottle with a screw cap.
• A piece of cotton fabric.
• Charcoal.

Now let's take a step-by-step look at how to make a water filter with your own hands from a bottle:

1. The first step is to activate the charcoal:
   • It must first be crushed into groats so that the particle diameter is at least 4-6 mm. Coal is needed so that it is enough to fill the bottle by two-thirds.
   • Then pour it into a container of water, bring to a boil and leave to simmer for another five minutes over low heat.
   • After that, use a metal sieve or colander to drain the water. But note that the water should still be hot.
   • Let the charcoal cool completely.
2. At the second stage, make several holes in the bottle cap with a diameter of 3-3.5 mm.
3. At the third stage, it is necessary to cut off the bottom from the bottle.
4. At the fourth stage, place cotton fabric in the neck of the bottle.
5. The fifth stage is the pouring of activated carbon into the container.

Important! This filter will last you a long time. And when you feel that the water has changed in taste again, then simply rinse the used coal, boil it again, replace the cloth and continue to use it calmly.

How to make a well filter?

Living in the private sector or in the country, people also want to have some kind of device for filtering water, even if it comes from a clean well. Why do it? The fact is that pesticides and nitrates, which are used during the processing of the garden and garden, can seep into the ground and get from groundwater right into the wells. There is a way out - you can make water filters with your own hands from natural materials and set it to the bottom.

But first you need to decide which bottom is in your well:

• If it is clay with gushing springs, then it is better to install a coarse filtration system in water intake structures. The bottom device in such a situation can only harm and block the outlet of spring water.
• If the bottom consists of soft clay and is eroded by water, then it is advisable to lay a layer of large gravel 15-20 cm thick.
• But the sandy bottom, through which water seeps freely, needs a bottom filter. If this is not done, then when the bucket hits the bottom or water, the sand will erode and create a cloudy sediment.

Important! Pumps are inappropriate here, because they will be heavily clogged with sand and break.

• If the bottom is covered with sand, which is highly saturated with groundwater, then in addition to the bottom filter, you can also install a protective bottom with a wooden shield from erosion.

What materials can be used for the bottom filter?

At your discretion, you can use the following natural materials:

• Quartz coarse sand. It consists of grains up to 1 mm in size, so it must be washed before being laid in the well.
• Gravel. It is a loose porous sedimentary rock, with gravel grains ranging in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters.
• River pebble. These are round stones. different size and colors.
• Rubble. These stones are mined mechanically, so they can have irregular shape and different size.

Important! To make a filter using gravel, it is better to use neutral minerals, such as jadeite. Construction and granite rubble are not suitable for this.

• Zeolite. This mineral is most often used to purify water, because it withstands the attacks of any microbes, bacteria and viruses.
• Shungite or petrified oil. It is often used in alternative medicine, and it effectively purifies water from dioxides, radicals. This is a unique bactericidal agent.

Bottom filter installation

If you need to make a shield for a well, then it is better to make it from tree species such as oak or aspen. It is they who are capable long time persist in water. The arrangement of the structure is as follows:

• First you need to put together a shield from the boards, cut it out according to the dimensions of the well shaft, drill holes of 1-1.5 mm, wrap it with geotextile and lower it to the bottom. Lay a layer of large stone on top of the shield.
• Next, you need to decide on the option of the filter to be installed, which can be direct or reverse. If the bottom of the well is covered with soft clay or a bottom shield from floaters, then it is better to use a direct filter, that is, laying from the largest fractions to the smallest. Each layer should be 15-20 cm thick. It is recommended to make at least three layers: the first one will consist of crushed stone or stones 5-6 cm in size, the second one will be made of small river pebbles, gravel or shungite, and the third one will be of washed river sand.

Important! Return filters are used in wells with a sandy bottom, as they do not allow grains of sand to rise up and protect the bottom from large debris. They are laid in the reverse order, that is, the small fraction comes first, and then the large one.

• This is followed by direct laying, depending on the type of filter chosen.
• During operation, the devices become clogged with small particles of sand and clay, so they need to be cleaned every year. To do this, the sand is completely replaced, and the stones are simply taken out and thoroughly washed under running water. The filter is put back in the same sequence.

Manufacture of filters for wells

In wells, water is also purified using filters. Summer residents and owners of private houses most often use perforated perforated systems for this. Such devices are quite effective and simple.

Before you make a home water filter of this type, you need to prepare the following materials and tools:

• Plastic pipe from environmentally friendly pure material or metal, which does not rust. Its length is determined depending on the depth of the well, but should not be more than 5 meters, and its diameter should be less than the diameter of the well.
• Fine-mesh stainless or brass mesh.
• Drill with a drill.
• A plug in the form of a wooden cork.

Step by step production cleaning system looks like that.

Water purification is required not only when using plumbing, but also when taking fluid from other sources. It could be a well, a river or a lake. In such water, inclusions are often found that are not useful to humans. In addition to mechanical suspension, which makes the water cloudy, but usually harmless, there are also more dangerous components. Among them are bacteria, dissolved salts, including nitrates, heavy metals and much more. To use such water, it must be purified. However most of modern filters are designed for the presence of a water pipe with a certain pressure of water. In a dacha or outdoor recreation, plumbing is not always the case. In this case, filter jugs or homemade devices are suitable. Let's take a closer look at how to make a water filter with your own hands.

To assemble a homemade water filter, you need to pick up two main parts. Container for laying the filter material and a container for collecting purified water.

A plastic bottle is suitable for laying the filter material. Its volume is selected depending on required performance. The best options would be five, ten or twenty liters.

The bottom of such a bottle is cut off, holes are made in the cork or a mesh is installed instead. Filler is placed inside the bottle.

Such a filter is fixed above a bucket or tank to collect water. It is convenient to use a container with a lid in which a hole is made for the neck of the bottle. Such an installation can effectively purify quite large volumes of water.

Filter media options

The principle of operation of any filter is simple. Water passes through the filter material, which traps contaminants. There are several options for filter media. For homemade filters, it is convenient to use the following:

• Fibrous - fabrics, gauze, cotton wool, non-woven material, for example, lutraxil. They effectively trap mechanical impurities, but are short-lived, quickly become contaminated. They are hard to clean and much easier to replace. Most comfortable nonwovens which are more durable and easier to clean.
• Sand and gravel - sand and gravel backfill also effectively retains mechanical inclusions. Bacteria that absorb nitrogen compounds and dissolved organic matter settle on their surface.

• Activated or charcoal is an effective natural absorbent. In its pores, coal retains substances that cause bad smell and the taste of water, eliminates color, makes the liquid transparent. Coal retains a significant amount of dissolved salts. To fill the filter, you can use both ready-made granular filler and prepared yourself. Making charcoal for the filter is not difficult. wood hardwood placed on a metal sheet, close to restrict the flow of air and heat.

• Zeolite is a mineral absorbent that retains iron, pesticides, nitrates and other contaminants well.

DIY carbon filter

Charcoal is the optimal filter material. It is efficient and affordable. If necessary, the filler can always be made independently by calcining the logs deciduous tree in a metal container. Those coals that remain in a fire or stove are also suitable. Their size should not exceed three centimeters and be at least one centimeter.

The cooled coal is wrapped in gauze and placed in a container in which water will be filtered. This filter option is easy to make in field conditions.

For home use, for example, in a country house or in a private house, you can make a more complex design. It is better to choose a large container, the volume of which is at least twenty liters. A hole is cut from below, used to install the crane. To prevent the tap from leaking, a sealant is used and all seams are carefully glued.

A smaller container with a laid filter material is installed in the neck. For such a purpose suitable container ten liters or less.

The filter material is placed in a homemade cartridge. For him, they take a piece of plastic pipe, which is suitable for the necks of the vessels with a diameter. Usually plastic bottles are used. Coal wrapped in gauze is tightly packed into the pipe. The resulting filter element is installed at the junction of two containers. Water should not seep past it, but only through the coal.

There may be charcoal in the first portion of the filtered water. There is nothing wrong with that. The first water is drained, and in the future only pure liquid will pass.

Pros and cons of homemade filters

Do-it-yourself filters have a number of positive characteristics and some negative points. These devices are convenient and functional. They are made from improvised materials, so the cost is minimal. You can get by with virtually no cost. The efficiency of homemade filters is high, and due to the large volume of filter material, they are productive.

However, we should not forget that a self-made filter according to technical specifications and durability will be somewhat worse than factory-made models. They are more reliable and last much longer.

The disadvantages of homemade filtering devices are the following features.

1. A relatively short service life is more of a temporary option for the summer season. Periodically, a new design will have to be made.
2. The resource of the filler is small. Filter media require frequent replacement, otherwise bacteria, microorganisms and algae settle in them, which pollute the water even more.
3. Getting a filter takes time and effort. Some options can be quite laborious to execute.

Homemade filter convenient solution but only for temporary use. For permanent use, it is better to choose a factory-made device that is optimal in terms of characteristics.

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The filter for purifying polluted water is one of the best technical solutions both for autonomous and public water supply. Especially critical is the situation with the city pipeline, in which old pipes have been in operation for years.

No matter what preliminary cleaning and disinfection the water utilities carry out, it is still not possible to achieve absolute purity of water. This is due to the mentioned deterioration of communications. Rust, particles of sealants, lime inclusions - all these are constant companions of public water supply. However, you don't have to put up with them.