A mosaic appeared on the leaves of cucumbers. Mosaic of leaves in plants - how to deal

Powdery mildew.

Perhaps the most common disease is not only cucumbers, but also many other crops. And as a result, infection can be transmitted not only from cucumbers. This fungal disease appears on the leaves in the form of white spots, which are formed due to the surface mycelium of the fungus.

For the germination of mycelium, a low temperature of up to 15-16g is required. and high humidity for 3-4 days. It can be noticed that the disease appears within 2-3 days after or during cold prolonged rains. In sunny weather, abundant sporulation and spread of the disease occur.

From individual spots, the leaves are covered with an almost continuous white bloom, later moving to shoots, the leaves are deformed and dry out. Without taking preventive measures at the first stage of the development of the disease, the plant may die completely. Cucumbers are susceptible to disease during sudden temperature changes and low light. A lack of calcium and an excess of nitrogen also makes plants not resistant to powdery mildew.

Prevention and treatment of powdery mildew of cucumber. As a preventive measure against the disease, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for plants, avoiding high humidity or, on the contrary, drying out of the soil.

If possible, cover cucumbers at night and on rainy days. Watering is best done with warm water in moderation. But if the disease has already appeared, then you can try to stop it with old folk remedies, this is spraying plants with skim milk or whey left after cooking cottage cheese, diluted 1:10.

Infusions and decoctions of nettle with an admixture of silicate glue for sticking also have a depressing effect on the fungus. Of the chemicals, these are the preparations Quadris, Topaz, Jet. Spraying is carried out both on the upper and lower parts of the leaves and shoots.

Anthracnose or verdigris cucumber.

A very dangerous fungal disease of cucumbers, which affects not only the leaves, but also the fruits. It begins with the formation of different shades of brown uneven spots on the leaves of the plant, later the spots grow, become darker, up to black, dry out and fail, whether they are burnt . Later, the fungus infects the fruits, forming depressed brown spots on them, going deep into the cucumber up to 3-5 mm. The cause of the disease is mainly infected seeds collected from diseased fruits, the fungus also persists on plant debris and in the upper soil layer.

Prevention and treatment of cucumber anthracnose. Therefore, seed dressing and mandatory crop rotation or replacement of the upper fertile soil layer serve as a preventive measure against this disease. Spraying is used as a treatment at the initial stage, using sulfuric preparations, Bordeaux mixture or the Quadris preparation.

Cucumber mosaic or cucumber mosaic virus.

This is a viral disease that can infect many other crops, such as those important to us such as tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, as well as a wide variety of other garden plants. Infection of cucumbers with the virus can occur through transmission from other plants by aphids or infected weeds such as bindweed, sow thistle or wood lice, the virus can survive on the roots of these weeds during the winter. The first signs may appear even on seedlings of cucumbers, the leaves become covered with yellowish spots, both large leaves and young nascent ones begin to curl. With the further development of the disease, the stem of the plant cracks along its length.

It is better to remove such seedlings, there will be little sense from planting them. If the disease develops on an adult plant, then in addition to damaging the leaves and stems, it also affects the fruits, especially at low temperatures. They are bent, mosaic yellow spots appear on the green body of the fruit, sometimes the fruits dry out, become wrinkled, and the flowers do not develop.

Prevention and treatment of cucumber mosaic. As a preventive measure, try to observe crop rotation, prevent weeds from appearing on the bed, plant cucumbers in composted soil, and shelter from possible cold snaps. Prevent the appearance of aphids as carriers of the disease. You can slow down the disease or stop it with the help of drugs such as Aktara, Aktelikt.

Green speckled and white cucumber mosaic.

This viral disease, in comparison with the usual mosaic, can develop, and consequently infect only plants of the gourd family, and even then not all, this virus does not infect zucchini and pumpkins. But for cucumbers, it is no less dangerous than a regular mosaic, especially its more aggressive strain, which causes symptoms of a white mosaic. The signs of such a disease are the initial appearance of swollen tubercles on the leaves, and the appearance of white dry spots or entire areas already indicates the transition of the disease from green to white mosaic. The virus is very stable and easily transmitted from plant to plant, persists in seeds, plant debris, and can even live on garden tools. A frolicking virus also infects fruits, which are deformed and may become stained.

Prevention and treatment of green speckled and white cucumber mosaic. As preventive measures, planting seeds with a shelf life of more than two years, or their thermal disinfection at 70 degrees for three days, can be used. The spread of an already emerging disease can be slowed down by spraying, skimmed 10% milk.

Angular leaf spot.

Another bacterial disease of cucumber, the main focus of infection are seeds obtained from diseased plants. The disease mainly spreads in film greenhouses at high humidity with the formation of droplets covering the leaves of plants. The disease manifests itself as the formation of angular gray spots on the lower leaves of plants.

The spots have an oily patina, and on the underside of the leaf there is an accumulation of yellow drops in which bacteria accumulate. When these drops are washed away, the disease spreads to other leaves and conquers more and more space.

If you reduce the humidity, then the drops dry up, and the spots turn black and fail. The ingestion of bacteria on the fruit leads to the formation of small ulcers and curvature of cucumbers. Prevention and treatment of angular leaf spot.

The main method of prevention is the use of clean or treated seeds, crop rotation or renewal of the top layer of soil in the greenhouse. The disease itself can be stopped by spraying Bordeaux mixture in a 1% solution.

Downy mildew, or downy mildew.

This is a fungal disease of cucumber, which can arise from seeds or plant residues infected with the mycelium of the fungus. Moreover, the disease may not appear immediately, but already during the period of a developed plant.

All the time from the beginning of sowing, the disease develops inside the plant and moves up, right up to fruiting, and already at this time it can show visible symptoms of infection. This is the appearance of yellow pancake spots on the leaves, limited by veins.

A little later, a grayish coating appears on the back of the sheet. Then the spots grow, darken and the leaf dries up. The fungus can destroy the entire plant in a fairly short time. Prevention and treatment of downy mildew or peronosporosis.

As a preventive measure, it is necessary to observe crop rotation, warm up or dress the seeds and use disease-resistant varieties of cucumbers. At the first signs of the disease, spraying with Ridomil Gold, MC, Kuprosat is possible.

Olive spot or cladosporiosis.

The fungal disease of cucumber, which occurs as a result of sudden changes in temperature with high humidity, often manifests itself from irrigation by sprinkling with cold water. Infection with the fungus occurs as a result of mycelium entering plants from affected plant residues. This disease manifests itself first on leaves and cuttings, and then affects the fruits, forming Shrovetide spots are on them, turning into sores that penetrate inside the cucumber and change its color to a pale color. Prevention and treatment of olive blotch or cladosporiosis.

As preventive measures, they try to create favorable conditions, cover cucumbers during cold snaps and, on the contrary, ventilate them in good weather. Sow cucumbers or seedlings in clean compost beds. Apply disease-resistant varieties. When symptoms of the disease appear, spraying with a solution of Bordeaux mixture or copper oxychloride preparations is used up to 4 times during the season.

White rot of cucumber or sclerotinia.

A dangerous fungal disease that affects all parts of the plant. It occurs, like most diseases, due to non-compliance with climatic and agrotechnical conditions. The beginning of the disease is the appearance of white fluffy mold on different parts of the plant, subsequently black dots form on it, the stem or other affected areas soften, and it is easier to rot and the higher part of the plant dies.

Prevention and treatment of white rot of cucumber or sclerotinia. The main preventive actions are the observance of sanitary measures before planting and during the growing period. This is the use of crop rotation or soil replacement in a greenhouse, watering with warm water without spraying, timely removal of dried leaves and affected areas. A biological product is used to suppress the disease. Fitosporin-M.

Root rot of cucumber.

Root rot can be both fungal and bacterial in origin. The source of infection can be affected seeds and soil containing pathogens. External factors that can weaken the resistance of plants are extremely low or high soil temperatures, and in conditions of hot, dry land, the disease develops faster.

Soil salinity can also be a negative factor. Signs of the disease are wilting of leaves during hot hours. The root darkens to brown, it becomes rotten and unable to provide normal plant growth.

Later, the root dies off completely and the plant dies. Prevention and treatment of cucumber root rot. Preventive actions should be as follows.

Using clean or treated seeds. Planting or sowing on plots with well-prepared composted beds, the use of crop rotation. Biopreparation Fitosporin-M. It can serve as both a preventive and a disease-stopping remedy.

Mosaic on cucumbers - how to fight

Mosaic is a viral disease that affects not only cucumbers, but also pumpkin, zucchini, squash, beans, beets, tomatoes, onions, garlic and other crops. The infection is transmitted through seeds, with the juice of diseased plants during seedling picking, when diseased and healthy plants come into contact. Viruses penetrate plants through damaged tissues, remain in the soil, plant debris, seeds, and inventory. In recent years, more and more often there is a defeat of cucumbers with a mosaic (white, green, speckled, etc.) in greenhouses. At the same time, changing the planting site and treating plants with fungicides bring little positive results. The fact is that the carriers of the virus are aphids and some other pests of the garden, and this infection accumulates and persists on various weeds and cultivated plants, including ours. favorite flowers - gladioli, dahlias, phlox, etc. The cucumber mosaic virus is also transmitted with seeds, and only after 2-3 years of storage, the level of infection in the seeds decreases significantly.

And the main infection of plants occurs mechanically in the process of care. Symptoms of white cucumber mosaic virus. This most harmful form at times spreads very strongly, while reducing the yield by half. The growth of cucumber lashes slows down sharply.

The first signs of the disease are the appearance of white or yellow star-shaped spots on young leaves, which subsequently merge with each other, and the leaves eventually become white with green veins. Few female flowers develop on such plants. The disease also manifests itself on fruits, on which numerous small hollows. In this case, the fruits become yellowish, with a denser pulp than in healthy plants.

The disease often manifests itself at air temperatures above 25 ° C and with sharp fluctuations in air and soil temperatures day and night. Signs of a green speckled mosaic. On the leaves along the veins of young plants, light areas and slight wrinkling are formed. Plants slow down growth, deformed fruits acquire the same mosaic color. The disease spreads very quickly in film greenhouses and greenhouses, especially with sharp temperature fluctuations and dense plantings.

Control measures for mosaic on cucumbers

• Systematically remove weeds - virus reserves; Use for sowing seeds only from healthy plants after their three-year storage or already prepared seeds purchased in specialized stores; Use varieties and hybrids that are relatively resistant to mosaics; Observe the alternation of the years of planting cucumbers and tomatoes in greenhouses; It should destroy all plant residues in the autumn; be sure to treat the place with bleach; Water the plants only with warm water, avoid sharp fluctuations in temperature in the greenhouse (optimal temperature: 22-28 ° C, maximum: during the day - no higher than 30 ° C, and at night - no lower than 17-18 “C); When a disease is detected, all inventory and containers should be disinfected in a solution ore of potassium permanganate or bleach; Cucumber beds should be located away from ornamental plants, there should not be any weeds around the cucumber greenhouse; And most importantly, it is necessary to prevent the reproduction of aphids - the main carrier of the mosaic virus.

AT16 Treatment of vegetable crops from bacterioses and fungal diseases with biological products

Below are other entries on the topic "Cottage and garden - with your own hands"

• Search+: Advanced search on the site "Garden,...

Diseases of cucumbers, as a rule, have two main causes - watering with cold water and sharp fluctuations between day and night temperatures. You need to follow several effective rules in order to prevent cucumber diseases, which means saving yourself from many problems. For warnings any disease of cucumbers, it is necessary: ​​- to carry out a crop rotation with the return of pumpkins to their original place no earlier than in 3-4 years; - choose disease-resistant varieties of cucumbers for growing in the country, - disinfect the seeds 1-2 weeks before sowing; - when harvesting, do not leave diseased fruits in the garden; - timely clean up and destroy post-harvest residues of plants. Diseases of cucumbers anthracnose and mosaic If, nevertheless, the disease of cucumbers could not be avoided, use our tips to help your plants. Anthracnose or verdigris is considered one of the most dangerous diseases of cucumbers in many European countries. Anthracnose is a fungal disease that manifests itself in the appearance of brown spots on leaves and stems.

Affected leaves dry up. Deep wet ulcers appear on the fruits, and therefore they lose their commercial value. The disease progresses with high humidity. Contribute to the spread of anthracnose dew and rain.

Measures to combat anthracnose In addition to the above general rules for the fight against anthracnose, it is necessary: ​​- to spray the crops with a 1% suspension of colloidal sulfur; - process with 0.5-1% Bordeaux mixture, following the instructions on the package. At the same time, it will be a prevention against powdery mildew; - the affected areas of the stem are treated with a 0.5% solution of copper sulphate, and then dusted with crushed coal, lime or chalk. Of the new drugs, professionals recommend 20-30g cineb per 10 liters of water and 30-40g cyram per bucket of water. Mosaic is a viral disease of cucumbers , characterized by the appearance of spots of different colors on young leaves (depending on the type of disease).

Leaves affected by the mosaic, especially young ones, become wrinkled and variegated in color. Due to the disruption of the normal operation of the leaves, the yield decreases. Small yellowish depressions form on the fruits, which reduces their nutritional and commercial value. Single diseased plants are best removed.

When the disease spreads in closed ground, it is necessary to ensure that the air temperature is not lower than 16-18 and not higher than 35-40 ° C. It is advisable to rejuvenate diseased plants, advanced agricultural technology should be used in plantings and to prevent the appearance of spider mites and aphids - carriers of viral diseases cucumbers. Cucumber Mosaic Control Measures Viral diseases are practically not subject to treatment. It is only in our power to contain their spread, this is: - culling of the first diseased plants; - timely fight against aphids and spider mites; - disinfection of seeds before sowing to destroy the surface infection in a solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate); - spraying the affected plants with a 10% solution of skimmed milk; - disinfection of working tools. These measures will help prevent cucumber diseases and resist anthracnose, as well as the spread of such a viral cucumber disease as mosaic.

A viral disease of mosaic plants is more common than others in garden plots. This is due to the fact that mosaicism is caused by a large group of viruses that infect a huge number of cultivated and weed plants.

Mosaic appears as light (white or yellow) spots on the leaves. Sometimes the pattern may be the same as in variegated plants. But over time, it becomes noticeable that the variegated leaves are stunted, deformed and dry out. Some types of mosaic appear as dark green "streaks".

The reason lies in the changes occurring in chlorophyll-bearing tissues. There is a decay of plastids, the content of chlorophyll decreases, as a result of which photosynthesis slows down and individual cells and tissues die off.

Fruits also suffer from the mosaic virus. It leads to a decrease in the yield of pumpkin crops and tomatoes by 40-50%. Fruits that do grow on infected plants are not marketable. Damaged cucumber fruits are speckled, with a bitter taste, deformed shape, underdeveloped seeds. Light, dense spots appear on tomatoes.

Mosaic diversity

The fight against mosaic is complicated by the fact that almost all cultures suffer from it. A situation is often observed when symptoms of infection by several types of virus can be detected on one plant.

Potatoes can be affected by mottled and wrinkled potato mosaic.

Tomatoes are attacked by Tobacco Mosaic Virus (ToMV) and sometimes Green Spotted (English).

Cucumber common mosaic virus (CMV) and speckled mosaic virus (CGMMV) destroy cucumber crops. Ordinary mosaic, in addition to cucumbers, can develop on pepper, parsley, cabbage, peas, and lettuce. Speckled can be called "highly specialized", as it affects only watermelons, melons, cucumbers from the pumpkin family and some types of nightshade.

In addition to the listed diseases in the garden, you can encounter the mosaic virus of beets, cabbage, and legumes.

Mosaic is also found on fruit trees and shrubs, ornamental grasses and tuberous flowers (tulips, lilies, daffodils, hyacinths, dahlias).

Distribution routes

The mosaic virus is resistant to negative factors. It does not die at extremely high and low temperatures. Successfully winters in the garden on plant residues in the soil, on host plants, retains its activity in the collected seeds.

If the source is seeds, then signs of infection appear in the early stages of seedling development. If it all started during landing, then external signs appear within a month.

Ordinary cucumber mosaic actively develops with a sharp drop in temperature, while speckled and tomato mosaic, on the contrary, “bloom” at an ambient temperature of 30 ° C and above.

A healthy plant can be infected during a dive, pinching or grafting. In this case, the virus is transmitted through garden tools and tools.

Sucking pests (aphids, mites) also become the cause of the spread of the disease on the site. It is known that mosaic vectors are 70 species of aphids. After the virus enters the body of an insect, it goes through an incubation period (reproduces) and at the next “meal” is transmitted to the tissues of a healthy plant.

The rate of propagation is affected by the age of the plant and growing conditions. Young seedlings experiencing various types of stress (high or low air and soil temperatures, lack of moisture or nutrients) are more prone to diseases than others.

Mosaic Defense Plan

It must be understood that it is almost impossible to cure an infected plant. Therefore, the main task is to prevent the spread of the virus in the area.

Despite the variety of viruses that cause spotting, they all have the same distribution routes. And accordingly, the methods of prevention and protection for different cultures are similar.

To prevent infection, you must adhere to the following scheme of actions:

• carry out pre-sowing treatment of seeds;
• disinfect the soil before planting crops susceptible to the disease;
• treat the garden with insecticides and acaricides that act on sucking insects (disease vectors);
• treat with preventive fungicides.

Choosing drugs

To destroy the virus contained in the seed material, before sowing, the seeds are soaked for at least 50 minutes in a 15% solution of trisodium phosphate or potassium permanganate. After chemical treatment, the seeds are shed with hot water.

At a temperature of 60-70 ° C, an ordinary cucumber mosaic dies in 10 minutes, and heat treatment is not effective for speckled and tomato virus.

For dressing seeds, you can use the fungicide Maxim or Lamador. These drugs not only fight viruses and bacteria, but also increase the immunity of plants.

Soil disinfection can be carried out with any fungicide with a wide spectrum of action. If the virus was found on plants of protected ground, then a fertile layer 10 cm thick is removed. Then the entire greenhouse (racks, walls, soil) is treated with a 0.5% solution of trisodium phosphate.

Upon detection of the first affected plants, it is urgent to treat all plantings with Aktara or Actellik. Insecticides will quickly kill insects and it is hoped that infection of neighboring plants will not occur.

Iodine to help us

If the mosaic in the garden is extremely rare, then you can try more gentle preparations.

For example, it has long been known that iodine has a beneficial effect on the soil, improves plant immunity, helps in the fight against infectious diseases and reduces the number of harmful insects.

On the basis of iodine, you can independently prepare a solution or purchase a ready-made factory preparation. Farmayod is produced in liquid form from 10% iodine and surfactant. It is diluted with water and used for:

• soil disinfection;
• disinfection of greenhouses;
• seed treatment;
• spraying plants.

A solution for preventive spraying of beds with tomatoes and cucumbers is prepared from 7-10 ml per 10 liters of water. Fruits are suitable for consumption 3 days after processing.

If the cucumber bed is 20-40% infected, then you can save the crop with skim milk. For spraying, 1 liter of milk is diluted in 10 liters of water. To increase efficiency, add 0.1% iodine solution.

Prevention is better than control

You can avoid fighting mosaic if you follow the agrotechnical rules. You need to sow only healthy seeds and be sure to carry out pre-sowing treatment. It is better to take pumpkin ones that have lain for 2-3 years. Germination during this time is not lost, and the virus practically dies.

Flower tubers should be heat treated or soaked in Maxim before planting. If, after the germination of the tubers, a motley pattern is noticeable on the leaves, they must be dug up and burned. It is also necessary to subject the budding material to heat treatment.

After any operation in the garden, the tool must be disinfected. If pruning is carried out, then after each tree the pruner and saw are washed in a solution of potassium permanganate.

It is necessary to constantly monitor the condition of plants. Sick specimens must be uprooted and destroyed.

Weeds and sucking insects are the main enemies of any site. It is necessary to wage a constant struggle with them, preventing their spread.

For cultivation, it is desirable to choose hybrids resistant to the virus. For example, Anyuta, Semko-99, Madison, Yvon tomatoes are resistant to ToMV. To CMV resistant hybrids of cucumbers Zozulya, Arina, Lord.

Now many are discussing the dangers of hybrid plants. The mosaic virus is not harmful to humans, but the problem is that a diseased plant does not produce a full-fledged crop with excellent taste.

Settling for some harvest, but from proven varieties or getting a good harvest from hybrids? Everyone decides for himself.

Mosaic of plants - the cause of the lag in growth and development. How to diagnose a disease and cure a tree, a bush. How to determine. How to prevent infection (10+)

Mosaic plant diseases

The material is an explanation and addition to the article:
Viral infections
How to identify viral plant diseases. Leaves turn yellow, turn white, curl, flowers change color, spots appear. How to cure a plant. How to determine. How to prevent infection

Viral diseases of plants are very diverse, and it is difficult to correctly determine which virus a plant is sick with. As a rule, the nature of the disease is determined by the external changes in the plant. The leaves change color, spots or stripes of a different color appear on them. One of the most common groups of viral infections are mosaic diseases.

mosaic diseases that affect plants are viral diseases that manifest themselves as a mosaic coloring of the affected parts of the plant. In most cases, leaves and fruits are affected. Spots of various shapes and sizes appear, usually green or white of varying intensity. A diseased plant begins to lag behind in growth, the shape of the leaf blades changes. There are various ways of transmitting the disease. The disease is transmitted by the seeds and juice of a diseased plant when picking seedlings, pinching, when parts of diseased and healthy plants, especially injured ones, come into contact. The carriers of the disease are insect pests, such as aphids, bedbugs, mites, soil nematodes.

Viral infection penetrates plants through damaged areas, through soil, seeds. There are many mosaic diseases, the most common and harmful of them are mosaic diseases of shrubs, ornamental and fruit plants, mosaic of tobacco and tomato, cabbage, beets, peas, soybeans, beans, speckled and wrinkled mosaic of potatoes, white mosaic and green mosaic of cucumber.

tobacco mosaic has been a disaster for tobacco growers in many countries. It first affected one bush, and then spread very quickly throughout the plantation. The leaves were covered with bright green spots, and then swelled, lost their juiciness. As a result, they became completely unsuitable. The only way to combat the disease that tobacco growers could use was the timely identification and destruction of infected plants. In 1886, scientists from Holland described this disease in detail. And the Russian scientist, D. I. Ivanovsky, in 1892, after a series of different experiments, having researched by Dutch scientists, discovered the existence of viruses.

The whole complexity of the situation is that there are no effective ways to combat viral diseases of plants. The only possible means of control is the prevention of the virus, the breeding of new varieties resistant to the virus. At the initial stage of the disease of the plant, it is possible to remove the infected parts of the plant, but if the virus progresses, it is necessary to destroy the plant completely.

white mosaic. This virus is capable of infecting more than 300 plant species and can spread along with the green mosaic virus. The causative agent is Cucumis virus 2A.

Spreading

Distributed everywhere, but prefers warm climates.

Symptoms

Signs of the disease are light spots along the veins on the leaves of young plants. Star-shaped spots and light yellow rings also appear. With the development of the virus, the entire leaf begins to turn white or yellow. On diseased plants, the foliage becomes small, and the plant itself is oppressed. A temperature of 30 degrees is the most suitable for the intensive development of the virus. Also, the development of the disease contributes to the thickening of the plant. The most common mode of transmission of the virus is through sap when caring for plants. The virus remains directly on the inventory, persists in the soil, seeds and plant debris.

Disease prevention

For the prevention of viral infection, the thermal regime and density of plants should be observed. The virus is affected by temperature fluctuations. The distributors of viral infection are pests, so it is worth monitoring and destroying them in a timely manner. If, nevertheless, the disease manifested itself, it is necessary to isolate the infected plant, process the entire inventory. In case of complete death of the plant, it is necessary to destroy it, throw away the soil, disinfect the pot with special care.

Ways to fight

It is very difficult to identify a specific viral disease. It is not possible to destroy the virus directly with chemical preparations, therefore, in order to avoid infection, it is necessary to carry out the correct prevention of the disease. Sucking pests, which are among the first carriers of infection, should be dealt with. The most common are aphids and thrips. It often happens that the virus is transmitted through damaged areas of roots and stems. If infected areas are identified, they should be removed, washed thoroughly with soap and water, and the equipment used should be treated with alcohol. When choosing cuttings, you should pay attention to the fact that the plant is healthy. Since the virus spreads at high temperatures, the plant should be shaded and sprayed more often.

Unfortunately, errors occur periodically in articles, they are corrected, articles are supplemented, developed, new ones are being prepared. Subscribe to the news to stay informed.

Ficus. Growing. Planting, propagation, watering, care, top dressing, convenient...
How to plant and grow ficus. How to propagate, water, feed, fertilize ...

Let's make a green milkshake. Ingredients, composition. Ku...
Preparing a green milkshake. How to work with young...

Knitting. Openwork assorted. Drawings. Pattern schemes...
How to knit the following patterns: Openwork assorted. Detailed instructions with explanations...

Growing artichoke. Planting, fertilizing, fertilizing, watering. Annual...
How to plant and grow an artichoke. How to insulate for the winter with a long-term method you ...

Causes of diseases on cucumbers

• plant remains from the previous year. It is necessary to observe crop rotation or steam the soil of the greenhouse;
• wild weeds that are vectors. They must be destroyed;
• infection inside and on the surface of seeds. It is necessary to warm the seeds and treat with fungicides before sowing;
• rains containing spores of a pathogenic disease, therefore it is better to grow in a film or glass greenhouse;
• nearby infected seedlings. They must be removed immediately and the soil disinfected.

Having studied the causes of diseases, let's move on to their description and control measures.

Virus diseases of cucumbers

A feature of these diseases is the presence of a living host-carrier. Viruses do not live very long outdoors, but they are easily transferred during harvest or juicing. It differs from other diseases in that the color of the leaves of individual sections changes in the form of a mosaic. At the same time, the leaf is deformed, wrinkled, and the manifestation is asymmetrical, which distinguishes them from signs of an overabundance of the use of growth stimulants, which appear almost the same, but symmetrically. Consider the manifestation of the most common viral diseases.

Viral diseases are often seed-borne. The virus can be neutralized by heating dry seeds before sowing at a temperature of + 50 degrees for three days, and then a day at +70 degrees. If a plant with a virus is noticed, then it is immediately uprooted, and the soil is watered with boiling water. To exclude infection from weeds, they are destroyed around the cucumber planting at a distance of at least 10 m.

Bacterial diseases of cucumbers

Angular leaf spot. It is caused by bacteria that penetrate through the stomata of the leaves or damage to the integumentary tissues. Other plants of the pumpkin family are also affected, which can be reserves of infection. The main source of infection are seeds, in which bacteria can survive for about 2 years, and they quickly die in the soil. The incubation period is up to 10 days. Bacteria are carried by air masses and hands, when caring for the beds. The manifestation of the disease begins with the lower leaves, angular brown spots are formed on the leaves of cucumbers from the upper part and an oily yellowish coating from the lower part of the leaf. Affected fruits have small round sores. The leaves gradually dry out, the planting completely dies.

To combat a bacterial disease, the use of antibiotics is necessary, but there are no drugs developed specifically for this. Perhaps a single use of penicillin at a concentration of 1 million units. per 10 liters of water when the first signs of the disease appear.

Gray rot. Caused by bacteria, under cool conditions. All aerial parts are affected, brown areas and a thick gray coating appear on cucumbers. The disease will spread quite quickly. The period from infection to the onset of symptoms is 3-5 days.

To cope with the disease, stop watering, ventilate the greenhouse well, lubricate the affected parts with a pasty mass prepared from Rovral or Euparen multi.

Fungal diseases of cucumbers and their treatment

The most common and harmful diseases are caused by spore-bearing imperfect fungi. Cucumber has very delicate integumentary tissues, therefore it is easily affected by various types of this infection. To prevent infection from plant residues, cucumber should not be grown two years in a row in the same place.

root rot. Cause fungi that are everywhere in the soil, feeding on inanimate plant debris, healthy seedlings are not affected. They arise only at the moment of weakening of plants, mainly due to low soil temperatures below +16 degrees. The root loses living root hairs, becomes covered with a brown coating, leaves and stem wither.

When buying seeds, you can see that some of them have already been processed and painted in a bright signal color. This is done to kill some of the infection on the surface of the seeds, and give a noticeable color, which makes it easier to sow, as they become more visible. Usually coated with the fungicide thiram, which inhibits fungi that cause root rot.

If the disease began to manifest itself, then it is necessary to raise the temperature of the soil by pouring warm water with the addition of potassium permanganate to a slightly pink color. The stems, lowering from the support, are laid on the ground and sprinkled with soil to form additional roots.

White rot or sclerotinia. A highly infectious dangerous disease that manifests itself in the form of white flakes with black dots on all parts of the plant. Mucous soft spots appear on them. Above-ground parts wither and die within 3-5 days. Effective drugs currently do not exist. When this disease of cucumbers appears in the greenhouse, it is closed for quarantine with the destruction of all plant residues and the treatment of the soil with steam or its replacement.

Anthracnose. Ascochitosis. Cladosporiosis. These fungal diseases have similar symptoms, mainly brown spots appear on cucumbers. The affected leaf tissue crumbles and holes appear. The affected areas of brown color appear on the fruits. The plant eventually loses leaves and dies. The spores of these fungi overwinter on plant debris and are carried from infected plants to healthy ones by the wind. These diseases have an incubation period and begin to appear on the 3-7th day from the moment of infection.

To combat diseases, it is necessary to carry out preventive treatments with one of the copper preparations: 1% Bordeaux mixture, abiga-peak, copper oxychloride. Stop using these fungicides 30 days before harvest.

True powdery mildew. A fungal disease that manifests itself at high humidity, often after prolonged precipitation. The disease manifests itself 3-5 days after infection with spores. A white coating appears on cucumbers only on the upper part of the leaves. They gradually shrivel and then dry out, the seedlings stop growing and die.

To combat this disease, drugs containing sulfur are used, for example, Quadris or Colloidal sulfur. Processing is carried out prophylactically every 2 weeks and stopped 14 days before harvest.

Peronosporosis or downy mildew of cucumbers. The most harmful disease, since the defeat is lightning fast and there are no sufficiently effective means of control. The spores of this fungus have flagella that pierce even thin aluminum foil. For infection, drip-liquid moisture is needed. Optimal infection conditions +18 degrees and 100% relative humidity. Cucumber downy mildew appears as a whitish bloom with a purple tint on both sides of the leaf, which is a hallmark of powdery mildew. The fruits become incompletely colored and tasteless. Leaves turn brown quickly, crops die completely.

Until recently, it was only possible to grow early-ripening cucumbers. Currently, the cultivation of resistant or tolerant varieties allows you to get a crop even in open ground. In greenhouses, cucumbers are less susceptible to disease during preventive treatment with copper preparations and alternation of preparations of various chemical groups, for example, Strobi, Ridomil Gold, Bravo. Processing stops 30 days before harvest.

We hope that the information presented in the article will help to avoid many diseases of cucumbers and get a high yield.

grounde.ru

Save cucumbers: diseases and their treatment

Many cultivated plants are susceptible to various diseases, including cucumbers. Diseases (and their treatment in the future) are best prevented. Otherwise, you can lose, if not the entire crop, then most of it. To prevent this from happening, you must take preventive measures and, at the first symptoms, take immediate measures to eliminate them, then the fight against cucumber diseases will be effective.

Classification of diseases

All diseases of cucumbers (you can see the photo here) are divided into three groups:

1. Fungal.
2. Viral.
3. Bacterial.

fungal diseases

1. Powdery mildew is the most common disease in this group. It looks like this: white spots appear on the leaves, which eventually affect the entire leaf and move to neighboring ones. This fungus takes all the nutrients from the plant, thereby reducing the yield. The disease can appear if the air humidity is too high or the rate of application of nitrogen fertilizers is exceeded. For prevention and treatment:

• change the cucumber planting site annually;
• in the greenhouse the temperature should be 23-25 ​​degrees;
• water the plant with warm water;
• monitor the soil moisture (so that it is not very wet, but not dry), every 10 days after the first signs of the disease appear, spray the plant with infusion of mullein or colloidal sulfur;
• in case of severe damage, cut off diseased leaves.

2. Olive blotch appears as round spots on olive-colored leaves and fruits. Because of these spots, the appearance and taste of cucumbers deteriorate. The source of infection is fungus spores left over from last year. For prevention and treatment, ventilate the greenhouse and treat the sores with foundationazole.

Among fungal diseases, there are also brown olive spot, white rot, gray rot, root rot and others that infect cucumbers. Diseases (and their treatment) can drag on for a long time, so it’s better to prevent them, for this, observe the temperature and watering regimen.

Viral diseases

In this group, diseases that affect the cucumbers themselves are most common, and their treatment consists in replacing the earth infected with viruses.

1. Green speckled mosaic is characterized by yellowing of the leaves and the appearance of mosaic warts on the fruit. It is necessary to disinfect the seeds before sowing with potassium permanganate or subject to heat treatment.

2. White mosaic appears as white or yellow spots on the leaves and the same stripes on the cucumbers themselves. Control measures are the same as with the previous disease.

Bacterial diseases

Bacteriosis is the most common and most dangerous disease of this group. Curves with brown ulcers are observed fruits, leaves with holes, and their treatment is carried out with a solution of lime and copper sulphate. If the disease is running, then it is better to remove diseased leaves and fruits and bury them. Bacteria are spread by insects or plant debris.

Other diseases that affect cucumbers are also known, and their treatment is also complicated by pests, which not only spread the infection, but also cause considerable damage to the crop. Most ailments can be prevented, because many of them are associated with improper watering, temperature changes and contaminated soil.

fb.ru

Powdery mildew on cucumbers

Signs of powdery mildew on cucumbers (see photo) are small brown spots covered with white bloom (also called mycelium). At first, a small area is affected, but over time, the disease captures the entire leaf. It gradually becomes dull and dries completely. Cucumber seedlings affected by this disease do not develop, and educated young shoots no longer grow.

How to deal with powdery mildew on cucumbers? Protection is carried out by preparing a solution of weeds. To do this, you need the following material: plantain, coltsfoot, nettle, dandelion, wood lice, Ivan tea. All plants are crushed, placed in a bucket (usually the capacity is 10 liters) and filled with hot water. Next, add one teaspoon of urea, manganese powder, liquid soap and mix everything. And if the question arises - how to treat cucumbers from powdery mildew and other diseases, then the resulting solution is the best option for protecting plants.

In addition to a natural herbal cocktail for powdery mildew on cucumbers, folk remedies are used - whey and a mixture of mullein and urea in a proportion of 10 liters. water / 1 kg of cow manure with the addition of 1 tbsp. spoons of urea.

As a prevention of powdery mildew on cucumbers, fine sulfur powder is used (the soil is pollinated through a three-layer gauze and covered with a film for 3 hours). Also, in the fight against powdery mildew on cucumbers, a decoction of horsetail is used.

Preparation of tincture: 100 gr. dried or 1 kg of fresh horsetail is infused for about a day in 10 liters of water, then boiled for about 2 hours. After boiling, the broth should be cooled and diluted with water in a ratio of 1:5.

Thus, it is possible to significantly improve the process of growing cucumbers. Diseases are eradicated, and the soil becomes quite suitable for the safe growth and fruiting of plants.

Advice! In order to prevent the disease, diseased leaves and shoots should be burned immediately. Throwing them to the edge of the garden or garden is not recommended.

How to deal with downy mildew (downy mildew)?

The main sign of downy mildew on cucumbers (see photo) are yellow-green spots that cover most of the leaf. They are also mistaken for traces of acid rain. A purple-gray coating appears from the bottom of the leaf, as a result of which it dries completely and crumbles. Downy mildew of cucumbers affects plants regardless of age. It is typical in most cases when growing cucumbers in open ground.

Prerequisites for the emergence and development of peronosporosis are high humidity and air temperature up to 16-180C. The disease develops from small droplets on a leaf.

Spores are able to maintain their dangerous activity in the soil for a long time, so it is very difficult to deal with them. If peronosporosis or downy mildew appears on cucumbers, then control measures should include the use of certain preparations containing copper (Bordeaux liquid, Ridomil Gold, Oxyhom). These funds are effective as a prophylactic agent.

If cucumbers are affected by downy mildew, then the treatment is carried out with the drug "Rizoplan". It is based on living cells of some bacteria. They are absolutely harmless to humans, but fatal to downy mildew spores. The drug also does not accumulate in the soil, but decomposes immediately.

In addition to traditional preparations, you can apply from downy mildew on cucumbers and a folk remedy - whey. Leaves are sprayed with it.

How does olive blotch (cladosporiosis) appear on cucumbers?

The occurrence of olive spotting of cucumbers (see photo) should be observed in the second half of summer, when the cucumbers have already fully formed a bush. Olive blotch appears on fruits in the form of olive (brown) color spots with bloom. The disease spreads rapidly and if not treated, you can lose the entire crop.

This type of disease is more typical for greenhouse conditions. Cladosporiosis spores are resistant to the greenhouse microclimate, so the fight against this disease should be started immediately.

If olive spotting of cucumbers is observed, then control measures should include thorough wiping of all surfaces of the greenhouse with a disinfectant that does not contain chlorine. In no case do not water the cucumbers with cold water, and at the first detection of the disease, you should generally stop watering the plant for 3-4 days.

Treatment of cucumber disease in the open field is carried out through the use of solutions that contain copper - Bordeaux liquid with the addition of liquid soap.

In order to prevent the occurrence of olive blotch, a change of crops in the affected areas should be carried out.

What is an ordinary cucumber field mosaic?

Ordinary cucumber mosaic (see photo) most often develops in open soil. Signs of the disease are yellow-green spots in the form of a mosaic. With the development of the disease, the leaves of cucumbers curl, fade, dry out and crumble. The fruits become very pimply. Under the influence of the disease, the immunity of the plant is so weakened that with a sharp decrease in air temperature, the bush simply stops growing and soon dies.

The danger of this disease lies in its resistance to cold. Spores of an ordinary field mosaic easily survive winter and cold in the root systems of reserve plants (thistle, quinoa, wood lice, bindweed, wheatgrass). These are hard-to-remove weeds, so it is very difficult to fight this virus. You can apply the method of growing cucumbers in plastic bottles. It is absolutely not complicated and plants are not affected by field mosaic in 94% of cases.

How to spray cucumbers from the disease? With an ordinary cucumber mosaic, the treatment consists in spraying the bushes with whey. In especially severe cases, this is done with a concentrated substance, and in preventive measures and in the initial stages of the disease, serum should be diluted with water in proportions of 1: 2. Treatment of cucumbers for diseases with folk remedies very often gives a positive and lasting result.

Green and white mottled mosaic

Green and white cucumber mosaic (speckled) is one of the most common infections. Signs of the disease are wrinkled leaves with blown out places, and areas with a green or white color also appear. Spots become white in a progressive stage. In this case, it is very difficult to fight the disease.

At the advanced stage, cucumber bushes dull their growth. Leaves weaken and begin to fade in places. The fruits, accordingly, become very soft, and their taste qualities deteriorate. An outbreak of the disease can be provoked by a sharp increase in temperature from 220C to 300C.

This dangerous viral disease is transmitted through an untreated tool, plant remains, and simply persists in the soil. To combat this disease, summer residents choose varieties that are resistant to the disease (mainly hybrids for open or closed ground).

The best measure to get rid of this disease of cucumbers is care. It is necessary to remove the affected shoots and leaves in time and burn them immediately. Also, for prevention, you can spray the bushes with a light solution of whey.

How to deal with gray cucumber rot?

Gray rot on cucumbers (see photo) is a type of viral disease that manifests itself during their active fruiting. A gray coating may appear on leaves, stems and fruits, especially in internodes. The most favorable environment for its development is a densely planted area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe garden or garden.

The fact is that cucumbers that grow in close proximity to each other begin to rot due to the inability to develop in close quarters.

How to deal with gray mold on cucumbers? The therapeutic measure is the timely removal of diseased leaves and entire sections of the stem. In some cases, it is necessary to remove the entire hive. The fight against gray rot on cucumbers also consists in applying to the wounds of the removed sheets of a specially prepared substance (chalk with potassium permanganate). The consistency of such a remedy should be viscous and have a light pink tone.

Root rot of cucumbers

The danger of cucumber root rot (see photo) is that the signs of the disease are not immediately visible, since it affects the root system of the plant. The first sign of this disease is a sharp wilting of the bushes. In this case, you can not start watering the plant, this will harm it even more.

How to save cucumbers from root rot? In the early stages of the manifestation of the disease, the root system should be slightly exposed (for this you need to slightly loosen the soil around it). Treatment of root rot of cucumbers consists in sprinkling the affected parts with a specially prepared composition (charcoal, chalk and ash). A solution of copper sulfate and copper oxychloride can also help with root rot of cucumbers.

After therapeutic measures, the roots and part of the stem should be sprinkled with clean, dry and unaffected soil. Watering can be started at the first sign of improvement in plant growth.

main-dacha.ru

Diseases of cucumbers and their treatment

When the time comes for planting, we all dream about the future harvest. We imagine a lot of mouth-watering and tasty vegetables, which we will provide ourselves and all our relatives with. Alas, sometimes plans fall apart, and our plants begin to suffer from some kind of disease. But if you quickly notice signs of trouble and understand what kind of attack the cucumbers have overcome, you can help them. We will tell you about all the common diseases of cucumbers and their treatment.

Why are cucumbers sick?

As you know, healthy plants that have everything they need are rarely affected by fungi or microbes. Insect pests also prefer weakened plants. In what cases do cucumbers weaken so much that they can get sick? There are three main reasons:

• Since cucumbers are among the heat-loving species, they do not like cold weather. And sharp fluctuations in temperature at night and during the day are even more detrimental.
• For the same reason, it is highly recommended not to water cucumbers with cold water. First you need to let it warm up in a sunny place.
• Sometimes vegetables suffer from a lack of the nutrients they need. Do not forget about top dressing, and it is better if they are suitable organic fertilizers.

There are other important factors that we will look at next.

What diseases most often affect cucumbers

Diseases of cucumbers are spread due to fungal pathogens, bacteria or viruses. These pathogens usually pose a threat to other vegetables as well. Consider the most common diseases of cucumbers and their treatment.

powdery mildew

This is one of the most common cucumber diseases. It is caused by a widespread fungus that winters well on abandoned tops, fruit bushes and weeds. And in spring and summer, we notice brown spots with a white coating on young leaves (this is a mycelium). As a result, the leaf dries completely. The shoots of the affected plant develop poorly. If fruits have appeared, they may also be affected. The disease is most pronounced during cold snaps with rain. With an excess of nitrogen in the soil, greens grow, which are especially susceptible to powdery mildew.

If no action is taken, then the diseased vegetable may well die. Therefore, you need to fight the disease as soon as you notice it. Leaves with signs of powdery mildew should be removed immediately to prevent the fungus from spreading. Do not throw them in the compost, it is better to burn them. The store will offer drugs "Jet", "Topaz" and "Kvadris" to fight the fungus. Against him, some of the folk remedies are excellent help.

• Spray all cucumber leaves with whey on both sides. If there is not enough serum, it can be diluted with water.
• Garlic helps fight many diseases, including powdery mildew. It is enough to chop 50 g of garlic and stir in a liter of water. After a day, pour the contents of the jar into a bucket of water and spray the plants.
• Moisten the leaves and shoots of cucumbers, then powder them with ash through gauze.

Peronosporosis, or downy mildew

Peronosporosis occurs even more often than the previously described disease. With it, the foliage is covered with greenish-yellow spots and dries. The plant looks like it has been exposed to acid rain. The fungus is very tenacious and aggressive. It remains in the soil for more than 5 years and can appear even on young shoots. But more often the disease becomes noticeable only in August, when the fruits are already ripening. Outbreaks occur after cold water hits cucumbers. This can happen during cold rain, cold water irrigation, or dew due to a strong temperature difference.

Controlling downy mildew is not easy. Therefore, effective measures should be taken at the first signs of the disease or even for prevention. Most often, copper-based products are used. This is the well-known Bordeaux liquid, Oxyhom, Ridomil Gold, Kuprosat and much more. Whey also helps, but it is better to add copper sulfate to it. A teaspoon of poison and three liters of serum per bucket of solution is enough. After such treatments, you can harvest no earlier than two to three weeks later.

In order not to water vegetables with chemicals, it is better to try to avoid the spread of the disease. To do this, choose peronosporosis-resistant varieties. Suitable and varieties with early ripening. From them you will have time to harvest before the main outbreak in August. There is also a safe but effective remedy - the Rizoplan biological product. It well suppresses the pathogenic fungus, and after it you can eat cucumbers in two days.

Ordinary, or field mosaic

This is a viral disease that affects many other crops besides cucumbers. With it, the leaves and even the fruits are covered with spots of light green, dark green and yellow, while becoming corrugated. In the end, such leaves dry up, and the plant dies. Sometimes the disease manifests itself even at the seedling stage. Such seedlings, of course, cannot be used. The disease usually develops with a cold snap.
The mosaic virus, fortunately, is not one of the most tenacious. In the compost heap, it dies within two months, and it is usually not transmitted through seeds. The pathogen overwinters on the roots of many common weeds. These are quinoa, bindweed, sow thistle and others. The mosaic is also carried by aphids. Accordingly, to prevent the disease, it is necessary to fight weeds, prevent the appearance of aphids and use only well-rotted compost. There are varieties of cucumbers that are resistant to the mosaic virus.
If you notice signs of damage, then use whey. In this case, it also helps a lot. There are also special tools. These are, for example, "Aktara" and "Aktelikt".

White and green mosaic

These are different strains of the same virus, which is dangerous only for cucumbers and some other vegetables of the pumpkin family. When the disease leaves become wrinkled and covered with spots of different shades of green. If the spots gradually lighten to white, this indicates the transition of the disease to a more severe stage. Fruits are tied less often and are strongly bent. These diseases, unlike ordinary mosaics, spread at elevated temperatures (more than 30º C).
The white and green mosaic virus persists in soil and plant debris. It is easily transmitted through seeds, on which it remains active for up to two years. Therefore, new seeds for prevention must be disinfected. Damaged parts of diseased vegetables should be removed and burned. Treat diseased plants themselves with whey or ash solution.

Cladosporiosis, or olive spot

This viral disease affects the fruits of cucumbers. They become covered with olive ulcers and change their color. Of course, you can't eat them anymore. Leaves with shoots may also be affected. The causative agent is stored in the soil, on the remains of plants and various surfaces such as greenhouse film. Represents a threat for three years. The disease spreads quickly, so it can destroy an entire crop in just a week.
The main causes of cladosporiosis are the same as with downy mildew. This is a cold snap, drops of cold water on plants, drafts. At the first sign of this disease, it is necessary to stop watering and dry the plants. To do this, on a warm day, they must be well ventilated if cucumbers grow in a greenhouse. In cold weather, on the contrary, the plants must be covered. Of the drugs, copper-based products are effective (Bordeaux mixture, etc.). Try to grow varieties that are resistant to olive blotch.

root rot

An unpleasant feature of this disease is that the reasons for the withering of cucumbers are not visible. If the plants have managed to develop and set fruits, not everyone will guess to check their roots. Moreover, the main feature is the wilted top and foliage. In some cases, it is noticeable that the base of the roots has turned yellow and cracked. The leaves closest to the base of the stem are covered with spots. The disease can appear due to cold, overheated or saline soil. Cold watering and planting too deep can also lead to such consequences. Root rot is caused by various microbes and fungi. They accumulate in the soil and are transmitted with seeds.
If you notice the cause of the disease at an early stage, then you can try to save the cucumbers. To do this, the upper part of the roots must be bare and dried. Next, the root should be powdered with ash or crushed coal. Drugs such as Hom and the safer Fitosporin-M help. You can try pinning the bottom of the cucumber stem to the ground so that the adventitious roots grow. If the disease has developed so much that all the roots have become rotten, then the plants must be destroyed, and the bed should be disinfected with copper sulfate.

Gray rot

With this disease, a wet gray coating appears on the stems and at the base of the leaves. Gray rot can appear due to a cold snap or improper watering, but the most common reason is an overly dense planting of a cucumber. When thickened, this plant forms many barren flowers. When they die, they rot and can infect the stem. Therefore, vegetables should not be planted too closely, and it is better to remove wilted male flowers by hand.
For treatment, damaged areas must be cleaned and sprinkled with ashes. A slurry of chalk and a pink solution of potassium permanganate also helps well. Another option for a healing mixture: mix chalk and ash (one glass each) and add a teaspoon of copper sulfate.

Sclerotinia, or white rot

With this disease, cucumber foliage is covered with whitish flakes, and then with black dots. The leaves rot and after a while the leaves die off. The plant usually dies when the stem is damaged and rots. To prevent disease, do not allow vegetables to become cold and water them properly. Remove dry plant parts immediately. If the disease manifests itself, the same remedies will help as with root rot. These are ash, crushed coal, preparations "Khom" and "Fitosporin-M".

Anthracnose, or copperhead

With this fungal disease, the leaves and fruits of cucumbers are covered with blurry brown and brownish spots. As they spread, the foliage dries up, and the fruits become unfit for food. The causative agent of the disease is well preserved in the soil, on the remains of plants, on the materials of the greenhouse. Copperhead is also transmitted through seeds. Therefore, for prevention, they must be disinfected, and in the beds, observe crop rotation and remove tops. Affected plants are treated with Hom, Colloidal Sulfur, Quadris or Bordeaux mixture.

1. Always observe crop rotation, otherwise pathogens will accumulate in the soil with each season.
2. If crop rotation is not possible in the greenhouse, then replace the soil layer and disinfect. It is necessary to process not only the soil, but also all materials.
3. Try to notice diseases of cucumbers as early as possible, and do not postpone their treatment for later. In the early stages, most infections are easily overcome. And if nothing is done, you can lose the entire crop and infect other vegetables.
4. Cucumbers should be protected from the cold and watered with warm water only. Moreover, it is desirable to avoid excessive wetting of the stems and leaves.
5. Always decontaminate purchased seeds. With them, a variety of diseases can get into your garden. Processing before planting will not take time and save you a lot of trouble in the future.
6. Do not plant cucumbers too closely, they should be ventilated.
7. Keep weeds out of the way as many of them spread viruses and flex.

And the last tip: noticing the disease on vegetables, do not despair. In the early stages of cucumber disease and their treatment is not so terrible. The main thing is to understand the cause of their appearance and eliminate it as soon as possible. Then in the future you will have healthy cucumbers that will bring an excellent harvest!

Mosaic- one of the most harmful diseases caused by viruses that infect plants through mechanical damage, soil and seeds. It is not easy to identify which virus the plant is infected with, however, a common feature for all types of mosaic is the alternation of white or green spots of varying intensity, shapes and sizes on the affected organs of the plant. For the first time, mosaic symptoms were discovered in the 19th century on tobacco plantations: bright marks suddenly appeared on the leaves, the plant's organs began to lose shape, and the diseased bush eventually died. Following him, neighboring plants fell ill, and soon the entire plantation became unsuitable for growing tobacco. The disease was called "tobacco mosaic", or "tobacco mosaic".

Mosaic disease - description

Mosaic affects plant tissues at the cellular level, resulting in a partial destruction of chlorophyll, a decrease in the level of carbohydrates and the death of tissue areas. How to recognize mosaic on plants? The first signs of damage are:

• irregularly shaped spots of different sizes and colors that deform the structure of the leaf plate: light yellow, whitish, bright green;
• slowdown in the development of the plant, a violation of its water metabolism, as a result of which the leaves, young shoots and stems begin to dry;
• the appearance of brown marks on the fruits, they rot and become unfit for food.

Infection with the virus can occur by contact with an already affected plant or by mechanical damage, for example, during picking seedlings. A viral infection also spreads with the help of sucking pests: bedbugs, aphids or ticks. Carriers of the mosaic pathogen can be birds and animals, as well as wind or raindrops that carry the smallest particles of diseased plants.

In the photo: Viral mosaic on pumpkin leaves

A hotbed of infection is the soil in the root area, since it may contain the remains of fallen leaves of a diseased plant. The virus progresses in conditions of high humidity at an air temperature of 20-25 ºC.

Mosaic can affect not only tobacco, but also tomatoes, cucumbers, beets, cabbages, soybeans, peas, beans, potatoes, fruit, berry and ornamental plants.

Mosaic fight

Mosaic Control Measures

Unfortunately, there are still no effective ways to deal with mosaic viruses. If the lesion is superficial, you can try to cut out the diseased parts with a sterile instrument, capturing healthy tissue, then all plants should be treated by leaves with a solution of 75 g of Karbofos in 10 liters of water: this measure will help protect at least neighboring healthy plants from the disease. However, with a strong infection, diseased specimens must be removed and burned - the virus must be destroyed for sure.

When working with infected plants, be careful: be sure to boil the clothes that you were wearing while working with infected plants with detergent, as the mosaic virus can persist for several years.

Mosaic disease - prevention

The fight against mosaics is carried out only by preventive and agrotechnical measures. Here is an approximate list of measures to protect plants from mosaic pathogens:

• cultivation of the most resistant to viral diseases plant varieties;
• use only healthy and disinfected seed and planting material;
• planting seedlings according to a scheme developed by specialists, so that each plant has access to air;
• timely destruction of pests and weeds on which harmful insects settle;
• disinfection of garden tools for half an hour in a solution of 4 tablespoons of copper sulfate or 2 tablespoons of potassium permanganate in a liter of water;
• destruction of diseased plants along with a clod of earth and disinfection of the soil area on which they grew with a strong solution of potassium permanganate;
• the use for agriculture of the site on which the mosaic was found, not earlier than quarantine stipulates.

Mosaic on plants

Mosaics on plants can be caused by various viruses. In order to destroy diseased specimens and save healthy ones, it is necessary to know what signs accompany the infection of plants with mosaic.

Mosaic on fruit trees

Fruit trees are most often affected by subcutaneous spotted mosaic, manifested by the following symptoms:

• cracks appear on the bark of the main branches;
• a mosaic pattern is formed on the leaves of trees;
• the fruits are deformed, dense areas appear in them, the pulp darkens;
• the yield of the tree is drastically reduced.

Mosaic on flowers

A mosaic of rose bushes can appear in this way:

• yellow strokes and arrows appear on leaves and young shoots;
• the flowers become smaller, become lethargic, green appears on them, most of the flowers fall off;
• flowering time is reduced;
• the disease quickly spreads to neighboring bushes.