Installation of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet. Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet - types and requirements

A bathroom is a place where water flows every now and then, a bathtub fills up, a hot shower soars, wet laundry dries. Therefore, ventilation here should work not only no worse, but even better than in any other room. Otherwise, the whole house will “suffer”.

Here are 10 facts about bathroom ventilation:

Fact 1: Mold, tile decay and rust are often the result of poor ventilation.

The bathroom is the most damp and humid, so it is necessary that the ventilation here works properly. Otherwise, avoid:

Musty air, unpleasant odors, condensation and, as a result, the occurrence of fungus, mold (unsafe for human health),
- the appearance of rust on metal surfaces,
- destruction of finishing materials (including darkening and cracking of inter-tile grout, and then chipping off of the tile itself),
- "swelling" of furniture coverings (even from moisture resistant materials).

If you notice mold, do not rush to buy dehumidifiers or special anti-fungal coatings. First, check the ventilation!

Fact 2. You can't block the vent in the bathroom!

This is common knowledge and undeniable. Complete overlap of the exhaust ducts is justified only if forced supply and exhaust ventilation is installed in the house or apartment.

Fact 3. Condensation on mirrors and walls is the first sign of poor ventilation.

If, after water procedures, the mirrors in the bathroom “fog”, and droplets of moisture remain on the walls for a long time, this is the first sign indicating that there are problems with the exhaust or inflow.

Do you open the doors and the condensation quickly disappears? So the duct is working properly. Widen the gap between the door leaf and the floor, order special doors with ventilation holes, or simply leave the entrance to the bathroom open more often to ensure air flow.

Humidity persists even with the doors wide open? Natural ventilation must be checked.

Fact 4. You can find out if the hood works by experimenting with a napkin. At the same time, checking natural ventilation in the summer is pointless.

There is a common way to check ventilation. We open the door to the bathroom and bring a napkin to the ventilation grill. If it is attracted, the ventilation works. If not, open all windows and doors and try again. Is the napkin drawn in? So the problem is with insufficient inflow (for sure, you have sealed plastic windows installed).

Does the napkin fall even with the windows open? Extraction problems. Perhaps the mine is clogged, it is worth contacting the management company.

Fact 5. The cause of poor draft can be exhaust devices installed on the lower floors.

Another reason that the air is not drawn out of the apartment may be fans or exhaust devices installed at the neighbors below. The fast flow in the ventilation shaft, created by forced devices, prevents natural ventilation from other apartments.

In addition, on the upper floors, due to the pressure difference, ventilation works worse without any interference than on the lower ones.

In this case, the exhaust fan is able to adjust the hood. But under one condition, which is described below.

Fact 6. Neither an exhaust duct nor a fan will provide full ventilation without an inflow.

For intensive air exchange, a balanced amount of both supply air and exhaust air is required. Therefore, we conduct the experiment with a napkin with open doors and windows!

The reason for insufficient inflow is often plastic double-glazed windows, sealed front doors, and insulated walls. They block the flow of fresh air. And the exhaust moist air from the bathroom is not drawn out, even with a working hood or when an exhaust fan is installed.

In order to establish the work of natural ventilation or to help forced ventilation, it is necessary to install in the living rooms supply devices .

Fact 7. A warm floor without ventilation will not get rid of the fungus in the bathroom.

Sometimes, in order to get rid of high humidity and mold in the bathroom, the owners install underfloor heating and change heated towel rails.

This can speed up the process of drying moisture and renewing air masses in the cold season. However, it will not help to completely get rid of the fungus in case of problems with ventilation.

Productivity is calculated according to the following formula: the volume of the room (length, width and height), multiplied by the air exchange rate (for a bathroom, from about 4 to 8). For example, for a bathroom with an area of ​​​​2x2.5 m and a ceiling height of 2.7 m, the volume of the room is 13.5 cubic meters. We multiply by 4 and by 8. Find out the minimum and maximum power of the exhaust fan (54-108 cubic meters / h).

At the same time, according to SNIP, air exchange in the bathroom or toilet should be at least 25 m3 / h, in a combined bathroom - up to 50 m3 / h.

Fact 9. When installing an exhaust fan, it is necessary to place it as far as possible from the entrance and above.

It is better to install a fan (or diffusers of general ventilation) before finishing work,
to hide the wiring. Place - as high as possible, under the ceiling (or on the ceiling), ideally - on the opposite wall from the entrance, so that the supply air has time to pass through the entire room before entering the exhaust hood.

Fact 10. A non-return valve without proper ventilation can exacerbate the situation.

The non-return valve is installed in the ventilation duct, prevents the appearance of reverse draft (air movement from the street into the room), the ingress of odors, pollution, cold. But its installation is justified only if there is a working hood and an established inflow. Otherwise, the check valve will simply block the channel (the cross section will become even smaller, the air will not be able to be drawn out)!

So, in order to establish ventilation in the bathroom, you must:

- arrange flow
- adjust the hood,
- and ensure the free movement of air between rooms.

All this can be done either on your own (using appropriate ventilation equipment), or by ordering work from specialists.

Do you have any questions? Call. Our company performs ventilation design, supply of devices and components, installation. We work in Yekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk. We provide warranties for both labor and equipment.

High-quality ventilation in the premises is probably one of the most important points that should be discussed in preparation for the repair. A bathroom in an apartment is a delicate place both in its purpose and in its functionality.

High-quality ventilation of the bathroom and toilet will provide a comfortable microclimate throughout the apartment, since the exhaust ventilation duct is located either in the combined bathroom or in the toilet. Faulty ventilation in the toilet and bathroom can harm not only fresh repairs and finishing materials, but also your health.

Types of bathroom ventilation

There are three types of ventilation in an apartment according to its purpose:

• exhaust(carries out the exhaust air through the ventilation shaft);
• supply(provides fresh air from the street to the room);
• mixed(organizes the movement of air in the room due to the exhaust and supply type).

As a rule, in the bathroom they organize only exhaust ventilation. Air flow is easiest to organize in living rooms.

By design ventilation in the bathroom is divided into channelless and ducted. Ventilation of the first type occurs due to a hole in the wall through which the exhaust air enters the common ventilation duct of a residential multi-apartment building. Duct ventilation is a complex of ventilation equipment, most often in the form of pipes stretching under the ceiling. Suitable for maintenance of large premises: office buildings, shopping malls, etc.

By organization system air circulation in the bathroom ventilation is natural and forced.

At natural(or gravitational) ventilation system, fresh air is supplied through windows and doorways, and the ventilation efficiency depends on the difference in temperature and pressure in the street and in the room - the greater the difference, the better the air exchange occurs. Simply put, fresh air enters the apartment through the window, and exits through the exhaust ventilation duct.

However, natural ventilation in the bathroom does not always cope with its task.

Here are a few reasons why the apartment is not ventilated:

• accumulation of debris in the ventilation duct;
• tightly closed windows and interior doors.

Checking the tightness of the doors in the bathroom is simple - there should be a gap under the door through which the newspaper will pass. If the presence of cracks does not suit you, put a door with a ventilation grill.

Blocking the movement of air masses leads to increased humidity - a favorable environment for the active life of bacteria that can cause allergic reactions and respiratory problems. Moist air in the bathroom also contributes to the formation of mold and fungal stains. Finishing materials will begin to collapse, pipes will rust, the service life of furniture in the bathroom and plumbing will be significantly reduced, the strength of the supporting structures of the house will decrease. All this is fraught with the cost of another repair.

The toilet in the apartment also needs high-quality ventilation so that unpleasant odors do not stagnate and do not cause discomfort to your household and guests.

Diagnosis of ventilation status

To check the ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, you must:

• open a window in any nearby room and a door to the bathroom;
• attach a piece of paper or a napkin to the opening of the ventilation shaft.

The air flow, which is not hindered by anything, should draw a sheet of paper to the duct grate. If this does not happen or the sheet is weak, then the natural ventilation system is broken.

Here are a few more factors that will help you understand that the ventilation is faulty:

• the mirror fogs up a lot after taking a bath or shower;
• heavy, humid air is felt;
• moisture accumulates on walls and furniture;
• appeared or other types of mold;
• bad odors don't go away.

You might think that it is enough to clean the channels of natural ventilation and it will become much easier to breathe, unpleasant odors will go away, and dampness in the bathroom and toilet will stop spoiling your expensive finishes and plumbing. However, this is not always enough.

A common myth from the world of ventilation is that natural exhaust is productive all year round. Even if you do not observe on the walls and the mirror surfaces do not fog up, it should be understood that the natural ventilation hood works when the air temperature outside the window is significantly lower than the temperature readings inside the room. The rest of the time it doesn't work.

The principle of operation of the gravitational (natural) ventilation system is the difference in air density. The warm air is displaced by the cold stream, as it is lighter, and is discharged through the exhaust ducts. This means that it will be possible to get rid of dampness in the bathroom only in the cold season, provided the window is open (or in the ventilation mode), which is not always suitable for our frosty winters. Moreover, you will have to keep the doors open both in the bathroom and in the toilet.

Therefore, forced ventilation of the bathroom will come to your aid here.

Forced ventilation

Forced ventilation of the bathroom and toilet is a reasonable alternative to the classic one. This method of ventilation involves the installation of a fan that will purify the air from unpleasant odors, including foreign odors from neighboring apartments, the entrance and the street.

Types of exhaust fans

Household fans that you can install in your bathroom include:

• channel;
• wall.

The wall fan is fixed at the inlet of the exhaust opening, the duct fan is fixed inside the air duct. Both types will ensure the removal of stale air and high-quality circulation.

According to the type of design, fans are divided into:

• Axial(aka axial). Advanced view. Available in price and installation. The case of an axial fan has the shape of a cylinder, inside there is a wheel with blades, most often with a check valve. Rotating, the blades "capture" the air and take it out of the room. The device is mounted at the entrance to the ventilation duct.
• Radial. A radial fan consists of a motor, a spinning wheel with blades, and is enclosed in a metal case. It has a spiral shape, visually resembles a "snail".

The fan may have the following set of devices and functions:

• timer,
• humidity and motion sensors,
• operation from a light switch,
• separate switch.

The first two options are quite expensive and have their inconveniences when using. The motion sensor is most often mounted on the door, which requires additional investment and time. Minus the fan with a timer - if you linger in the toilet, the fan will stop working earlier than you expected. The motion sensor is inconvenient because under similar conditions (not enough time) you have to open the door slightly for the sensor to work. This can put you in an awkward position, especially if you have guests in your apartment.

Basic requirements for the organization of forced ventilation in the bathroom and toilet

To choose a suitable fan, you must first familiarize yourself with the requirements of SNiP (Building Norms and Rules) in sections SP 60.13330.2012 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" (updated version of SNiP 41-01-2003) and SP 54.13330.2016 "Residential buildings apartment buildings” (updated edition of SNiP 31-01-2003). According to the standards of these sections, the volume of exhaust air in sanitary premises should be 25 m 3 / h.

Concerning noise level, modern fans are distinguished by their low noise. In individual cases, noise-absorbing materials can be used by installing them inside the duct directly before the fan installation. You can also purchase an almost silent fan, but you have to spend money.

Installation of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet

Even with ready-made air ducts, it is better to entrust the installation of the fan to specialists.

• The higher the hood is located in the room, the better: warm air is displaced by cool fresh air rises.
• When organizing the ventilation of a bathroom in a private house, please note that the fan should be located opposite the source of fresh air (opposite the door or in the opposite corner) and further from the water source.
• Before starting installation, clean the ventilation duct with a brush. If the ventilation shaft is littered with large debris, call a specialist from the housing office to clean the ventilation ducts.
• If the bathroom is separate, a fan should also be installed in the ventilation box in the toilet (bathroom), but provided that there is no ventilation window between the bathroom and the toilet.

One of the main functions of the window between the bathroom and the toilet is natural ventilation. Such windows were popular in "Khrushchev".

The fan is mounted in the hole of the hood, fixing the structure with self-tapping screws, dowels or building glue. If necessary, the exhaust opening can be expanded to a suitable diameter. Connect all the wires and hide them in a special box to protect against moisture.

When connecting the fan to the lighting system, you should study the instructions in detail, turn off the electricity in the apartment, and only after that start installing the equipment.

A forced fan in your bathroom and toilet will keep the air clean and extend the life of your furniture and fixtures. Do not forget to maintain the fan by dusting the device periodically, washing the plastic parts once a year and lubricating the mechanism motor.

Anton Tsugunov

Reading time: 3 minutes

Proper air exchange in the room plays no less a role in ensuring comfort than temperature and light. If the air stagnates, then an unfavorable microclimate will be created in the room: a person will feel stuffy, dampness and odors will accumulate, and the oxygen content will decrease. These shortcomings are especially noticeable in small and damp rooms, so ventilation in the bathroom must be good. How to achieve this?

Different countries have their own SNiPs. They also specify the requirements for ventilation of the room. In accordance with these documents, for a private bathroom, an air flow of 25 cubic meters is considered the norm. m / h, for a combined bathroom with a toilet - 2 times more. However, ventilation ducts in houses do not always cope with this task. If the room is constantly damp, there is no air exchange, then, most likely, forced ventilation will be required.

Varieties of ventilation

There are 2 main types of ventilation: natural and artificial. In the first case, air exchange occurs due to the pressure difference between the room and the street. Natural ventilation is provided by windows, vents, doors, and various slots. That is, no devices are used for air circulation.

Forced (or artificial) ventilation in the bathroom is provided by the operation of a special device that sets air currents in motion. The principle of its operation is simple: the fan draws air outside, and air enters the room from the street or from other rooms.

By appointment, the following types are distinguished:

• exhaust ventilation, i.e., removing polluted air;
• supply, aimed at the supply of additional volumes of air from the outside;
• mixed, i.e., performing the functions of both of the above types.

How to check if ventilation is working

In old houses, the operation of ventilation shafts is often disrupted: over time, they become clogged and cease to perform their functions. So you need to first. If it is clogged with something, the efficiency of not only natural, but also forced ventilation will decrease.

You can conduct another test, it is also very simple and indicative:

• also open windows and doors;
• light a candle and bring it to the exit of the mine;
• if the light leans towards the hole, then there is thrust; if it burns without moving, then the air stands still.

Then the experiments should be repeated with closed windows and doors. If in this case the light is deflected or the leaf sticks to the hole, then the traction is good, strong. In this case, it is unlikely that there will be a need to install forced ventilation. If there is no draft, then it will not hurt to install an additional fan.

The main reason for the lack of traction is channel clogging. In this case, it is necessary, if necessary, to contact the management company. It happens that the residents of the upper floors wall up the ventilation, which also interferes with air circulation. This issue will also have to be resolved through the Criminal Code.

Fan selection

The fan must meet a number of requirements:

• Security. The device will be connected to electricity, and installed in a damp room, so moisture protection must be provided, and the fan must also be resistant to steam.
• Low noise level. This parameter during operation of the device should not exceed 35 dB. Otherwise, a constant hum will annoy residents, and in some cases neighbors. You will have to spend money on soundproofing.
• Fan throughput. It should be enough to provide a change of air in the room 5-8 times per hour.

Fan power calculation

The fan power level should provide optimal air circulation, at least at the level of SNiPs. If he cannot drive enough volume through himself, then there is no point in installing it. Therefore, it is important to correctly calculate the required minimum. There are different calculation formulas.

• By area of ​​the room. Multiply the area of ​​the room by 5 and add 20%. This is the required minimum fan power that will be needed to provide fresh air to a room of a given size. However, it is recommended to buy a more powerful device.
• Taking into account the number of people - 6V or 8V. In this case, the volume of the bathroom (V) is calculated and multiplied by a factor. If the premises are used by 2 or fewer people, then a coefficient of 6 is taken, if 3 or more - a coefficient of 8.

Fan installation

In most cases, there are no problems with . There are several general rules for placing the hood in the room:

• It should be at the highest possible height, as close to the ceiling as possible, this will increase the volume of air being cleaned.
• Keep away from water and plumbing fixtures as moisture can cause a short circuit.
• At the maximum distance from the windows, doors and other natural sources of fresh air, otherwise the ventilation will not cover the entire volume of the room. Air masses that have just entered the room will immediately be removed through the shaft, while the rest of the air will stagnate.

In most cases, the bathroom does not need additional complex air duct structures: the cooler is mounted directly into the opening of the ventilation shaft.

You can connect the device to electricity in different ways:

• make a separate switch, i.e. the device will only work when someone presses the button (the switch can be both outside and inside the room);
• connect to the bathroom switch, in this case the fan will work when the light in the room is on.

HELPFUL INFORMATION: Repair in the bathroom with your own hands: the sequence of work

Here everyone is free to choose the option that he considers more convenient for himself.

We are used to monitoring the quality of the food we eat and the water we drink. However, few people pay enough attention to the air we breathe. Meanwhile, clean air is as important for our body as water and food. With the constantly deteriorating ecology and the widespread gas contamination of large cities, banal ventilation of the premises will not work. In such conditions, the best way out will be the installation of ventilation.

Air purity and the absence of harmful impurities in it are needed to prevent headaches, drowsiness, dizziness, and also to prevent allergic reactions.

The need for ventilation in the bathroom

In the bathroom, ventilation is just as important as in other rooms, and perhaps even more so. The fact is that steam and moist air constantly accumulate in the bathroom, and it is the humidity that most contributes to the appearance of mold.

Mold can settle in the lungs and lead to serious respiratory diseases, causing asthma, allergies, etc. It is harmful not only to the human body, but also gradually destroys all objects and materials, but which is formed, up to concrete. Therefore, the installation of a normally functioning ventilation system is not a whim, but a necessity.

Requirements and norms

All requirements and norms for ventilation of premises are prescribed in the section "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" SNiP 41-01-2003.

According to this document, artificial ventilation is required in the premises if, due to polluted air or natural conditions, the required sanitary standards are not observed due to the lack of natural ventilation or if simple ventilation is not enough.

The permissible level of dust and harmful substances in the air is prescribed in the sanitary and epidemiological rules. Thus, with regard to carbon dioxide, the maximum allowable amount of carbon dioxide in rural areas is 650 mg/m3, in small towns - 800 mg/m3, and in large cities - 1,000 mg/m3. At the same time, the rate of air exchange per person is 28 m3/h. Excess carbon dioxide can cause shortness of breath, dry cough, runny nose and other negative effects on the body.

Types of ventilation systems

Most often, types of ventilation are distinguished depending on its purpose. So, allocate:

• exhaust ventilation, which removes the exhaust air through the exhaust ducts. Such ventilation is convenient to use when it is possible to combine natural and mechanical ventilation.
• Forced ventilation, which, due to the intake of fresh air, creates additional pressure, displacing the exhaust air.
• Mixed ventilation which combines both principles of operation.

In addition, there is ventilation often divided into natural and forced.

• natural ventilation- the ventilation that is initially designed and installed during the construction of the premises. The most typical ventilation scheme for a bathroom and toilet in apartments and residential buildings is such a scheme in which the bath is connected to the toilet using a ventilation window, and air is already removed from the toilet to the common ventilation duct of the house.
• Forced ventilation- this is ventilation that is installed by the owner of the home at will and which involves the use of an extractor fan or a fan.

Health check

Checking the correct operation of your ventilation system is much easier than you think. You won't need any additional tools. Just light and hold a burning match or a small piece of paper to the ventilation grill. If the flame fluctuates, the ventilation works.

Another way to check the operation of ventilation is that you will need to arrange a draft in the room by slightly opening the window and door in the bathroom, and attach a piece of thin paper or, for example, a napkin to the ventilation grill. The napkin must also either stick to the grate if the ventilation is normally drawing in air, or it must be blown off the grate by the air flow coming from the ventilation duct. If the napkin just falls down - it's time to change the ventilation.

Try to solve the problem of poor ventilation by widening the gap between the door and the floor. This will create the necessary thrust for the normal operation of ventilation. You can also try mounting an additional ventilation grille in the door or wall.

The principle of operation of the ventilation system in the bathroom and toilet

In private residential buildings, separate ventilation ducts are usually designed for each room separately: for the kitchen, bathroom and toilet. With the help of the hood, the exhaust air is discharged through such channels to the roof.

In apartment buildings, a typical ventilation system is usually used, in which all ventilation ducts are combined into one common duct that goes to the roof. Ventilation is based on traction arising from temperature differences.

If we are talking about forced ventilation, then special ventilation systems are installed with sensitive elements that open and close dampers as needed.

Causes of poor performance of the ventilation system

There may be several reasons why your ventilation system may not work properly:

• Errors in planning the ventilation system of the entire building: both during calculations and directly during installation.
• Accumulation of various debris in the ventilation ducts.
• Damage to the ventilation system of neighboring apartments, for example, during repairs, which caused a violation of the movement of air flows in the ventilation.

Before installing a new ventilation, try to deal with the old one. Perhaps your problem can be solved by simply cleaning the air duct.

Fan Requirements

As a rule, when installing a fan, it is necessary to pay attention to the following parameters:

• Low noise level when the fan is running (no more than 30 dB);
• Sufficient distance from electric heaters;
• High-quality insulation of electrical wires in conditions of high humidity;
• The power of the fan used must be selected taking into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and the number of people living in the apartment;
• A complete change of air in the room should occur at least five times per hour.

Types of fans

Main types of fans:

• connected to the switch and work when the light is on in the bathroom or toilet;
• equipped with special sensors, and turn on automatically when the permissible level of humidity in the room is exceeded;
• equipped with a timer, in which you can independently set the time of its operation.

In addition, fans differ in design features:

1. Axial is the simplest model. They are also called propellers.
2. Radial- provide high pressure in the room. They can have straight, backward, curved backward and curved forward blades.
3. Diagonal– mixture of axial and radial fans.
4. diametral fans can work with large volumes of air due to the fact that air flows pass around the entire perimeter of the impeller.

Determine the location where your fan will be placed. The best location for the fan is the wall opposite the door.

Mount the fan in the opening of the ventilation duct, widening the opening to the required diameter if necessary.

Carefully route the electrical wires from the fan so that they are minimally exposed to moisture and not visible.

Connect the fan to the switch.

Fix the fan itself and its grill either with liquid nails or self-tapping screws.

To reduce the noise produced by a running fan, place an additional layer of sealant between the fan and the wall when mounting the fan.

Ventilation options: through the bathroom to the toilet or through the toilet to the bathroom

As a rule, the air vent is located in the toilet. There are two ways to organize ventilation between the toilet and the bathroom: either lay a separate ventilation pipe from the bathroom to the air outlet channel in the ceiling space, for example, or install two separate fans: one in the wall between the bathroom and the toilet, and the other in the toilet, to the air outlet channel .

All bathrooms in apartments and private houses are characterized by high humidity with constant temperature changes. If the ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is calculated or done incorrectly, then mold will appear in them. And often natural air exchange for these rooms is not enough. Then you have to install a forced-type ventilation system with various fans. Otherwise, without additional ventilation, the walls in such rooms risk quickly turning into a fungal farm.

The main types of ventilation

Ventilation in the bathroom can be:

• natural;
• forced.

The first works due to ordinary air convection. Heated air masses naturally rise to the ceiling of the bathroom. Moreover, if there is a vent in the upper part of the bathroom or toilet with access to the ventilation duct, then the air goes further up. And instead of its departed volumes, new ones are drawn in through the door, which creates a natural draft in the room. As a result, there is a constant air exchange.

Air circulation with natural ventilation

The second works thanks to the presence of a fan that draws in or supplies additional air to the bathroom. Forced ventilation is arranged where the natural analogue cannot cope with the proper volumes of air exchange. At the same time, such systems are energy-dependent. It is recommended to choose them for installation in a home bathroom only as a last resort.

The principle of operation of forced ventilation

Forced ventilation is divided into three types:

1. Supply.
2. Exhaust.
3. Combined (supply and exhaust).

In the first case, air is supplied to the room from the ventilation duct through a running fan. In the second, it is forced, on the contrary, to be pulled out (sucked out) from the toilet and bathroom into the ventilation shaft. The third option is a combination of the first two ventilations.

Scheme of installation of wall and ceiling ventilation in the bathroom and toilet

Ventilation and equipment of ventilation systems

Conventional ventilation in the bathroom and toilet includes a ventilation duct to a common shaft (riser) and a grate on the wall. Plus, in addition to this, filters are often placed in the duct. But if the ventilation system is forced, then it must have a fan. A control unit and other automation are already being added to this equipment.

If exhaust or supply ventilation is selected for installation, then one ventilation duct is enough. However, for a combined supply and exhaust variant of separate air ducts between the bathroom and the street, two are required. One will be the influx of air, and the other will be its exhaust.

Design options with axial or duct fan

Duct fans for forced ventilation systems are:

• axial - air movement occurs along the axis of the electric motor;
• radial - the air flow inside is created with an inclination to the axis by special working blades bent forward or backward;
• centrifugal - air flow is formed by creating a pressure difference inside the housing.

The easiest way is to mount an axial fan, which often comes in a single kit with a ventilation grill. It is also the easiest to maintain during the further operation of ventilation. The radial version is usually placed inside the duct at a certain distance from the grate, so there is less noise from it.

Types of axial fans for forced ventilation

The centrifugal analogue differs from them in increased efficiency and low power consumption. If you want to make ventilation in the bathroom of a large area (more than 15 squares), then it is better to install this particular fan.

The supply system is also equipped with an electric heater or a heat exchanger. She takes air for supply from the street, where it is initially cold. Therefore, in order not to have to add heating power, these air masses are preheated a little in the ventilation duct.

Installation of forced ventilation in the bathroom and toilet of the apartment is most often carried out in the exhaust version. To do this, a small axial fan of the required power is placed in the existing ventilation duct and fixed there. Air ducts already exist, it is impossible to expand or completely replace them with new ones. If necessary, it remains only to install an exhaust fan in them.

Scheme of installation of forced ventilation with a common ventilation shaft

For the cottage, you can choose any type of ventilation in the bathroom. But even here, if the house has already been built, then in most cases a system with a conventional channel hood is installed. It is easier and cheaper than others to do it yourself. This is not water supply from a well, for the device of which you need to invite installers with special equipment. Here you can do it yourself.

Fan wiring diagram

If the bathroom already has natural ventilation, then it is not difficult to supplement it with an electric fan to increase efficiency. It is only necessary to correctly calculate its power.

To install an axial duct fan, you must:

1. Remove ventilation grille.
2. Clean the air duct from dust and dirt.
3. Spread the fan housing with polymer glue and put it in place in the channel.
4. Connect the electrical wiring to this device.
5. Install mosquito net and front cover.

Electrical diagram of a bathroom with forced ventilation

If there are no ventilation ducts in the room, then you will have to punch them. However, first you need to correctly calculate their size and location. In such a situation, it is better to entrust the design of ventilation for the bathroom to a professional. Here it will be necessary to take into account the air exchange throughout the house, and not just in the bathroom. Without proper knowledge, it is unlikely that it will be possible to make calculations correctly and accurately.

Ventilation system mounting options

If you have to do everything yourself, then you can achieve maximum traction in the ventilation duct if you place the grate under the ceiling opposite the front door. This is how ventilation in toilets is most often equipped.

Ventilation should be built so that the air ducts have a minimum of bends inside. The fan installed inside must exactly fit the ventilation duct in size so that it does not create unnecessary noise and works with maximum efficiency.

Structural elements for ventilation installation

Also, do not place ventilation equipment near heating devices. The fan itself heats up during operation, additional heat from other devices is contraindicated for it.