Asparagus beans at their summer cottage: when and how to plant this high-yielding crop. String beans - how to plant? Green beans - cultivation and care

Beans, peas, pasteri and beans belong to the legume family, but as garden crops they are very different. Beans - thermophilic, does not tolerate spring frosts, as well as a decrease in temperature, and peas survive everything sub-zero temperatures no visible loss.

Bean varieties are usually divided into three groups:

• with sugar beans;
• semi-sugar beans;
• with shelled beans.

Varieties with shelling beans are distinguished by the presence of a dense, rough parchment layer extending deep into the bean shells. These varieties are the least valuable for human consumption, grown mainly for grain. In semi-sugar layers, the parchment layer is less pronounced, or in some varieties it appears only at the later stages of development. There is no parchment layer in sugar varieties, this group includes the most delicious varieties beans. In the bean of these varieties, there will also be no coarse fibers, which are usually found in the seams of varieties of other types. Harvesting beans sugar varieties at the stage of technical ripeness, at this time they are already fully ripe and have grown to the length inherent in the variety, while the seeds inside the bean are still small, not fully ripe and therefore delicate in taste. However, if you do not harvest and let the seeds ripen to the end, then sugar seeds can also be used for grain.

The color of the beans (pods) upon reaching technical ripeness can be green, purple, and yellowish, have specks and stains. When ripe, they acquire a whitish, yellowish-brown tone, or remain green.

When and where to plant beans

Beans should be planted after the threat of night frosts, in June. From slight frosts, all bean leaves can freeze and turn black. Choose a sunny location for beans. The soil should be fertile and light. A bed for beans should be prepared in the fall. Dig up the soil with the addition organic fertilizers(compost or humus), and before planting beans, you need to feed the soil with wood ash. To give beans good harvest, follow the rules of the annual crop rotation and combination of garden crops in the garden.

How to plant beans

Beans are climbing plant(if it is not asparagus beans), in most cases it is planted near fences, but there is another long-known way of planting beans - under tiki (high and strong sticks). When a place is chosen, a tyka (stick) 3-5 meters high is firmly fixed, holes are made around it and 2 beans are thrown there.

Seeds are planted in moist soil to a depth of 3 cm, and between plants should be 10-20 cm, the distance between ticks should be at least 1 meter. The first shoots of our beans will appear in 14 days. In order for the beans to sprout faster, they need to be soaked for several days and wait for white tails - seed germination, then they will come down in 3-5 days.

Seed preparation

First you need to sort out the beans and remove the spoiled ones. Since bean seeds do not require germination, immediately before planting they are poured with hot (70 ° C) water and kept for no more than 10 minutes. This will allow the beans to swell a little and soak up moisture, which will lead to rapid germination. Some gardeners prefer to soak beans overnight, which is the equivalent of steaming them.

After any of these procedures, the seeds are disinfected in a similar solution of potassium permanganate or boric acid. This will protect future seedlings from pests.

soil for beans

Beans do not grow well clay soils, through which water slowly seeps, and too wet bean soil harms. She does not like beans and soils overloaded with nitrogen, since she herself is able to extract it from the air. It is best to choose sunny, wind-protected areas for beans with light, fertile, permeable soil, with a deep bedding. ground water and a pH of 6-7 units. If your garden has areas of depleted soil that have not been fertilized for a long time, plant beans there, because, like many legumes, they are an excellent green manure and a precursor to all vegetable crops.

Soil for beans is prepared in the fall: the site is dug up to the depth of a shovel bayonet, adding 4 kg of humus or compost, 2 tablespoons per m² dolomite flour, one spoon ammonium nitrate and double superphosphate, half a tablespoon of potassium chloride or potassium soda. Or: half a bucket of humus or compost, 30 g of superphosphate and 20 g wood ash per 1 m².

Then you can plant beans

Beans grow well after crops such as cabbage, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, peppers and cucumbers. It is undesirable to plant beans in areas where legumes grew (peas, lentils, soybeans, peanuts, beans and beans themselves) - after such predecessors, beans are planted on the site no earlier than three to four years later. good neighbors for beans, carrots, beets, onions, as well as tomatoes, cucumbers and cabbage.

How to plant beans outdoors

Bush bean varieties are sown to a depth of 5-6 cm with an interval of 20-25 cm between bushes and between rows up to 40 cm wide. Curly varieties are sown less often: after 25-30 cm between specimens and between rows about half a meter wide. 5-6 beans are placed in the hole. When shoots appear, leave only three strong seedlings in the bush, and transplant the rest. After planting, the bed is watered and the soil is compacted. reverse side rake. If you are concerned that night frosts may return, cover the crops with plastic wrap.

bean care

Bean care consists of weeding, watering in dry weather, loosening the soil and mulching.

Watering: water the beans in hot and dry periods in the summer 2 times for 7 days. Excess water contributes to the growth of leaf mass and delays fruiting.

Mulching: the soil around the plants is covered with organic material (cut grass, hay, straw, wood shavings), the mulch layer should be from 5-15 cm. The mulch retards the growth of weeds and retains moisture.

To get a rich bean harvest, follow the rules of the annual crop rotation and part-time in the garden.

Harvesting beans

Taste like beans big influence has a harvesting time, so if you want to get delicious beans, do not miss the right time, and try to pick the pods in the morning while they are saturated with night moisture. Bean pods are cut with scissors or abruptly cut off, holding the stem with the other hand.

Harvesting of beans begins two weeks after the appearance of flowers and is carried out every two days until all the “shoulders” have matured. Here it is important to consider in what form you are going to use the beans? If you are interested in the pods along with the shells, pick them up while the shells look green and juicy, and their length does not exceed five centimeters. If you need the beans themselves for cooking, the beans are harvested during the milky maturity of the “shoulders”, when they reach their maximum size and best taste. Already blackened pods are harvested for seeds.

Important not only proper fit beans and timely harvesting - it is also necessary to properly prepare the beans for storage. To do this, the ripe beans are threshed and dried on paper, after which they are stored in containers with a tightly fitting lid so that the fruits do not turn out to be spoiled by insects.

Pests and diseases

For someone, in particular, for us, beans do not need such care, since there are simply no pests. But just in case.

Most often, beans are affected by slugs. As measures to prevent this "scourge" it is necessary to remove weeds in a timely manner, to monitor moderate soil moisture. If the slugs are already wound up, enough effective measure- their removal. They like to gather on pebbles and other objects. I even heard that some gardeners deliberately leave some household equipment so that the slugs climb on them, and it would be easier to collect them)).

Copper-containing preparations help well against fungal diseases and viruses.

Just boil and fry with onions. We like.

Beans are a plant of the legume family that produces fruits in the form of bean pods. Beans can be curly, and can grow in the form of a shrub. The color, size and shape of the seeds depends on the particular variety.

Beans are in the TOP 10 most useful products! So be sure to include it in your diet. What is its use? Beans contain about 20% protein, which energy value equates to meat. Vegetarians! This is definitely your product! =) In general, the composition of this product is so balanced that useful material received by almost all body systems.

Did I intrigue you a little? Then let's move on to the main thing.

planting beans

The first thing to think about is where to land. Beans do not like clay, where water does not seep well. Too much moisture is bad for her. The plant loves fertile and light soils. In addition, think in advance which area you have not fertilized for a long time, because beans -, that is, saturate the soil. Everything grows well after that.

When the seeds are prepared and the place is chosen, we prepare the bed. Curly beans can simply be planted, for example, along. We water the soil from and stick the beans in rows to a depth of 5 cm. In this case, the distance between plants should be at least 15 cm.

If the temperature has not yet settled, cover the bed at night to protect from frost. It is not recommended to plant beans at temperatures below +10 ... +15 degrees Celsius.

bean care

In order for the bean to be born, it is necessary to properly care for it. Care is in the soil, top dressing, watering, pest control.

Soil loosening

The soil must be loosened from the very emergence of shoots. Do this carefully so as not to damage root system and do not accidentally pull out the beans themselves. In the future, loosening between rows can be combined with weeding.

Loosening the soil is especially important if it tends to shrink and poorly pass water. Let me remind you that beans do not like waterlogging. If the water does not seep through, the crop will not be the best. Why weeding is needed, you, no doubt, know yourself.

top dressing

3-4 weeks after germination, the first feeding is carried out. Usually use full complex, but most of all at this stage the plant needs nitrogen. Ideally, it should receive atmospheric nitrogen, but in dry weather, the plant can acutely feel its shortage. For example, some use fermented beans for fertilizer. We have not fed beans at all this year, but in our weather this is not necessary.

After about 3 weeks, you can carry out a second top dressing - already for the formation of fruits. This time, magnesium and potassium are most important for the plant (all this is contained in the usual one).

Here is what we have grown (note that 21 days have passed between the first and second photo):

Watering

Beans require a lot of water, especially during the pod formation stage. Therefore, you need to ensure that the soil is moderately moist. It is difficult to specify the exact rate of watering - it directly depends on the weather and soil. The most best water for watering - rain. And it’s hard to overestimate the benefits of thunderstorms. The plant grows very strongly after a thunderstorm.

Pest control

For someone, in particular, for us, beans do not need such care, since there are simply no pests. But just in case...

Most often, beans are affected. As measures to prevent this "scourge", it is necessary to remove it in a timely manner, to monitor the moderate soil moisture. If the slugs are already wound up, a fairly effective measure is to remove them. They like to gather on pebbles and other objects. I even heard that some gardeners deliberately leave some household equipment so that the slugs climb on them, and it would be easier to collect them)).

Copper-containing preparations help well against fungal diseases and viruses.

Harvesting

It all depends on the type of beans and the needs for which you want to direct it, so to speak)). asparagus beans do not keep until dry, otherwise its value will be lost. Asparagus beans are beans that are consumed whole, in their green form! That is, pods with seeds are subject to preparation, and not just seeds. Inside it is not only seeds, but also the pulp that fills the cavity. Why asparagus? Well, supposedly, when cooked, it looks like asparagus ... Although I didn’t notice such a resemblance)). But try it, it's delicious.

Beans need to be harvested earlier than usual. If you want to stock up on beans for the winter, wait until the pods turn yellow and begin to open. The main thing is not to miss this moment, otherwise you will have to collect beans from the ground. But it is best to harvest the bean pods when they are ripe, but still slightly green (not completely dry, plump). To determine maturity, you need to break the pod in half. There should be no fibers along the edges, the fracture should be even.

Many people harvest beans all at once - this is wrong: the pods can ripen as the plant grows. Therefore, we collect gradually. Constant monitoring of maturity!))

By the way, if there are a lot of beans and you don’t feel like sorting through each pod, you can beat it with a stick. Everything is simple. A part of the beans is laid on the bedspread, covered with another blanket on top and gently tapping on it with a stick. Part of the beans will definitely come out of the "houses". It remains only to get the rest =)

Varieties and types of beans

The main species are curly and bush beans. If you have small plot, and you want to plant a whole plantation of beans, feel free to plant curly beans. In other cases, in my opinion, bush is better.

So, the first grade is Saksa beans, early ripe, asparagus, without fiber. I tried this variety in winter salads - very tasty.

Beans "Pink" - mid-season high-yielding curly beans.

Beans "White flat" - a variety of curly early ripe high-yielding beans.

Beans "Fiery red". It is called so, I think, by the color of the flowers. This is a loach that is often planted even just for decorative purposes.

Also especially popular are such hybrids as "Yubileynaya 287", "Pervomayskaya", "Kharkov white seed D-45", "Dokuchaevskaya" and others.

Perhaps that's all. I hope this information was of interest to you. And even if it is useful, then I will be delighted =)) Do you like beans?

Beans - very useful culture, and not only as a food product. Even on the small area you can find a place to plant it, especially since beans have so many positive qualities:

• like the entire legume family, beans during growth and ripening enrich the soil with nitrogen, which is so necessary for other crops, so beans are often planted between other beds;
• it is compatible with almost all horticultural crops with the exception of bulbous and their "relatives", so it is quite possible to plant it as a thickener or in the aisles of early spring greens;
• modern varieties of beans are quite resistant to possible night cold snaps and can recover after slight frost damage;
• beans do not take up much space - depending on the variety, these can be either compact, low bushes or graceful lashes wrapping around fences. In addition, curly beans during flowering are very decorative, so they can also be used as a site decoration;
• at favorable conditions growth, beans are rarely susceptible to diseases, and for most pests it is not very attractive.

So, having decided that this culture has a place to be in your garden, you need to find a suitable place for it. When choosing places for sowing beans, several criteria should be taken into account: illumination, predecessors, type of soil and its degree of moisture.

Beans are a warm and sun-loving crop, so a place for beds is chosen on the south or southeast side of the site. Before planting beans, you need to remember what grew in this place last year? Root vegetables, potatoes, cabbage and pumpkin are considered ideal predecessors. These are perhaps the most common crops in our gardens, so select suitable site it won't be difficult.

The next step is to analyze the condition of the soil. Beans feel great in light, fertile areas, so if the soil is viscous and clayey, it should be drained beforehand by adding sand to half a bucket or a little more. square meter beds. As for fertilizers, any organic matter can be taken for beans, whether it be rotted manure, compost, humus or ready-made humate concentrates. The soil with the applied fertilizers is dug up or loosened and thoroughly leveled with a rake. The order of rows and holes for planting beans depends on the characteristics of the selected variety - bush or weaving.

Variety selection and seed preparation

In order for the beans to ripen well, it is necessary to select varieties of a certain ripening period. If climatic conditions please long and warm summer, then it is possible to successfully grow varieties of medium (75-85 days) and late (about 100 days) ripening period. And in those regions where the sun is rather stingy, there is nothing better than planting early beans, which in a couple of months will please you with the first harvest. By taste, bean varieties are divided into: sugar, semi-sugar and shelling. The first two can be used along with the pods, especially when the beans are not fully ripe. But the shells of shelling beans are unsuitable for food, but they are easily and quickly cleaned after drying.

The most popular varieties: Saxa 615, golden mountain, Sugar 116, Cinderella, Lika, Rachel, Firefly - sugar, asparagus type. Due to the fact that the beans of such beans do not dry out for a long time and do not “age”, they are ideal for freezing. Peeling varieties such as Moscow White, Sakfit, Greenstring 556, Creole,Gribovskaya 92 and others give excellent quality grains used for cooking, homemade preparations or for storage for the winter.

To speed up the germination of beans and increase the percentage of germination, it is recommended to soak the beans before planting. If this is carried out on the day of planting, then the seeds are poured hot water, about 60-70 degrees and leave for a couple of hours to swell. But you can put the beans in a container of water and leave overnight.

You can get an earlier harvest by planting beans through seedlings. In this case, it is possible to calculate the sowing time based on the characteristics of the climate and the ripening time of the variety. Seedlings grown in pots are not whimsical and in the phase of two true leaves quite easily transfer transplantation to permanent place. The main thing in this case is not to take out the seedlings before the frost threat blows.

Planting beans in open ground

To get young beans throughout the summer, it is sown in several stages with a break of 15-20 days. The first planting of beans in the spring is done when the soil warms up to 10-12 degrees. Depending on the region, this period can begin from the second half of May to mid-June.

Plantings are placed so that a distance of 30-45 centimeters is left between rows, and 20 centimeters between plants. Every three rows, it is recommended to leave a small passage for ease of watering and caring for plantings.

Bush beans are planted in rows or holes in a checkerboard pattern. But for climbing varieties it is worth providing for the establishment of supports or planting it along fences or buildings where twine or netting could be fixed.

Landing is carried out as follows:

• holes or furrows are made with a depth of 5-6 centimeters;
• if soaked seeds are sown, then it is recommended to shed the recesses with settled water, and if the seeds are dry, then this is not done;
• 2-3 seeds are laid out in each hole, and when sowing in a furrow between crops, distances of 15-20 centimeters are left;
• cover the seeds with earth;
• if the beans are curly, planting and care require the mandatory establishment of a support with a height of at least 2.5 meters;
• the next step is not mandatory, but recommended - cover the crops with a layer of mulch, which increases the temperature at the roots, retains moisture better, and prevents weeds from germinating.

Experienced gardeners advise covering any crops at first with agrofiber. Indeed, such a shelter creates the necessary microclimate in which seed germination occurs much faster and more amicably. In addition, during unforeseen cold snaps at night, tender shoots will be protected from frost, and during the day - from the burning rays of the spring sun. And such a shelter will prevent the soil from drying out, which means reducing the amount of watering.

The first shoots of beans begin to appear as early as 3-5 days, depending on weather conditions and the degree of seed penetration. After that, for a few more days, the covering material can be left in the garden, and when the leaves begin to bloom, it is better to release the beans and remove the agrofiber. Stretched stems are recommended to be slightly spud to increase their stability, otherwise the plantings may lie down after rain or watering.

After a few months, the planted beans will delight you with strong and juicy young pods.

" Beans

Beans are in the top ten most healthy vegetables, therefore, when choosing crops for growing in her garden, she always has a place. To be rewarded for the time and money spent bountiful harvest, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the basic rules of agricultural technology, planting and care for cultivation in open ground.

Bean planting is planned for May month. You should focus on weather and correct temperature regime in the soil, which is indicated by indicators 12-15 degrees(at a depth of up to 10 cm). By folk calendar this period coincides with the flowering of chestnut trees.

The first to be planted are erect varieties, and after a week you can take on curly varieties. Bush type of legumes plan to plant at the beginning of July. This can be done on beds from which early ripe vegetables have already been harvested.

Experienced gardeners perform landing work in several stages: from mid-May to early July with an interval of at least 10 days.

Are beans susceptible to frost?

Beans are a heat-loving crop, so planting is best done in the spring. in the second half of May when the danger of frost has passed. Young shoots are even afraid of cold winds, which is why many gardeners find its place under apple trees or along the fence.

The minimum temperature that bean seedlings can withstand does not exceed the mark -3-4 degrees. If the frosts were short, the beans will survive, but their development will be slowed down and yields will be reduced.

Agrotextiles or film, which are used for construction, will help to change the situation. temporary shelter.

The most popular varieties for planting

Varietal diversity complicates the choice. If there are difficulties in determining the range, it is recommended to give preference to proven varieties that are adapted to the climate and weather conditions of the region.

The best varieties for the Moscow region, Ukraine and Belarus

Plant mid-early ripening period, from sowing to harvesting 100 days. The bush is formed in a height of only 25 cm, the fruits have a parchment layer, but very thin. The culture is unpretentious, resistant to humid environment and drought.

Nomad

climbing variety mid-early maturation. The egg-shaped bean has an ocher color with a pale purple pattern. The fruit is without a parchment layer and fibers, which makes the structure tender and soft. The plant is tolerant to anthracnose, gray rot.

For the Urals and the middle lane

Oran

She R - early ripe mature beans 80-90 days, recommended to plant in the country in middle lane Russia. The height of the bushes is from 35 to 56 cm, the fruits are distinguished by high taste.

Productivity from 1 m2 within 200 grams.

Harvest starts in 65-85 days after seed germination. The climbing bush reaches a height of up to 3 m, so it needs support.

Marble pink beans do not contain parchment layer and fibers, which gives them a delicate structure. Purple stains and strokes are visible on the fruits. The application is universal, in any form, the beans retain a unique taste.

For Siberia

Culture is different high yield and nutritional qualities of fruits. The length of the pods is about 30 cm, the beans are large. Cold resistance and strong immunity make it possible to cultivate and grow a plant in Siberia.

Feature: lashes with beautiful fiery red flowers can be used as an ornamental hedge.

Bush type of beans with a ripening period 1.5 months. Delicate and pleasant taste of tubular fruits will not leave indifferent any gourmet. The length of the pod is about 25 cm. The use of the crop is universal: dry harvesting, freezing, canning.

Planting rules and agrotechnics for growing in the open field

Seed preparation

To get quick shoots and protect young shoots from diseases, seeds should be prepared before planting.

Do a soak first in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for about 20 minutes. After the procedure, the beans are washed clean water and again you need to soak in wood ash infusion for 2 hours.

At night before sowing, pea beans are wrapped in a damp cloth for sprouting at home. And 5 minutes before sowing into the soil, they are lowered into a solution of boric acid. This will protect the plant from diseases and pests.

Soil preparation and site selection

For planting a crop is selected well lit place, but without drafts and strong wind blowing, planting through seedlings is practically not used. The type of soil does not play a big role, but experienced gardeners noted that beans develop worst of all, they can germinate poorly and bear fruit on clay soils. This is due to the poor permeability of moisture, due to which the seeds and roots rot.

In general, the preparatory process for the formation of the beds consists in digging the soil to the depth of a shovel bayonet. At the same time, fertilizers are introduced: 4 kg of humus or compost are added per 1 m2, 2 tbsp. l. dolomite flour, 1 tbsp. l. ammonium nitrate and 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate.

Another option for enriching the soil with nutrients involves the use of ½ compost (humus), 30 gr. superphosphate, 20 gr. wood ash per 1 m2.

When determining a place for planting beans, those crops that were grown on it last season are taken into account.

Ideal predecessors are: potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, cucumber, peppers, eggplant.

Scheme and planting depth

Bush varieties of culture are planted according to the scheme:

• depth of laying seeds - somewhere 5-6 cm;
• distance between holes in a row - 20-25 cm;
• aisle - 40 cm.

Curly varieties are planted a little differently:

• seed placement depth 5-6 cm;
• interval between holes in a row - 25-30 cm;
• aisle - 45-50 cm.

5-6 seeds are immersed in each well. After the formation of one leaf on shoots, only 3 seedlings should be left, the rest should be removed or carefully transplanted.

According to lunar calendar for 2018 planting beans is recommended:

• March - 20-23 numbers;
• April - 6-9, 19, 20, 23-26;
• May - 7-10, 19-24 numbers;
• June - 4-7 numbers.

Post disembarkation care

Unpretentious beans do not require much attention, but they still need the basic rules of agricultural technology.

Sprouting bean seeds

Bean seeds start to germinate later 7-10 days after landing. If the air and soil temperatures are below the recommended values, then the first shoots will germinate after 5-7 days.

You can speed up the germination process if you soak the seed in growth promoters Houses. It also contributes to the shelter of the beds with a film.

Young shoots must be spudded to give them stability.

Rules and conditions for watering

The plant loves water, so you should not violate the watering regime. It is especially important to moisten the soil during the formation of pods.

The rate of water per bush is determined by eye, procedures should be carried out 1 time per week The main thing is not to let the soil dry out. most best liquid rainfall is considered for irrigation. Experienced gardeners use settled water, the temperature of which not lower than 18 degrees.

What top dressing to use in the garden

The culture is responsive to fertilizers. After preparing the soil for planting, you will need to make at least 3 dressings.

The first procedure is performed 3-4 weeks after germination. Ideal to take advantage complex fertilizer rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. Superphosphate is also suitable at the rate of 30-40 grams per 1 m2.

After 3 weeks, you need to feed a second time, this is necessary for the formation of fruits (10-15 grams of potassium salt per 1 m2). Third time nutrients introduced after 3 weeks.

You should not overdo it with fertilizers, you can provoke the growth of tops and reduce the ovaries of the pods.

Pests and prevention

Beans are one of the few crops that not attacked by pests. Only slugs may appear.

Harvest time depends on varieties and types culture. Asparagus beans should not be overexposed in the beds; when dried, the product loses its value.

If it is planned to preserve the legume crop, then any unripe fruits can be used. But for winter preparations it is better to wait for the pods to dry. The main thing is not to be late, so as not to collect the beans from the ground later.

You should not pick all the pods at the same time in one day, if among them there are completely dry and greenish ones. In the shadow of their own tops, some ovaries could develop weaker, it is better to leave them to ripen.

To quickly extract the beans from their "houses" it is not at all necessary to sort through each manually. The stick will do the job, which you can knock out the harvested crop.

To do this, exclusively dried pods are laid out on the bedspread, along which you need to walk with a simple tool with moderate effort. It remains only to remove the dry part from the beans. The selected beans are still being dried and only after sorting are sent for storage.

Agrotechnics of beans is simple, even a novice gardener can sow and grow it in the Moscow region, in Ukraine, the Urals or Belarus. By performing all the procedures in a timely manner, preparations for the winter are provided with an incredibly useful and nutritious product, which also diversifies the menu.

Beans are successfully and without problems grown in open and protected ground. At the same time, crops of open ground are not inferior to greenhouse ones, except that they please summer residents a little later. Therefore, if the task is not to obtain a guaranteed bountiful harvest beans for sale, without fear it can be planted in open ground. This culture is unpretentious, feels good both along the fence and in joint plantings. At the same time, it even helps other vegetables grow and develop, while it saturates the soil with useful nitrogen from nodule bacteria.

Conditions for growing beans

In general, beans are unpretentious in care, but still differ in some special requirements for growing conditions. Due to the fact that the bean is an exceptionally thermophilic culture, most varieties are very badly damaged by late frosts. One time is enough to freeze, then all spring labors will go to waste. At the same time, beans can tolerate short-term cooling down to -1°C.

The optimal conditions for the growth and development of this is considered to be a temperature of 20-25 ° C. Fruits begin to form already at 15°C. Too cold weather, winds and rains provoke the fall of flowers and the appearance of fungal diseases. A significant increase in temperature, like a cold snap, is also undesirable for beans. In hot and dry air at 30 ° C, the flowers fall off and the fruits are not tied.

soil for beans

Beans grow well on limed light soil; they do not tolerate acidic, heavy, damp, over-compacted soils. Indicators for beans are recommended within pH 6.5-7.0. Sandy loams and light loams with a deep location of groundwater are suitable.

The soil on the site should be cultivated and heated, fertile, but without excess nitrogen. In view of the fact that the nodule bacteria of the bean themselves take nitrogen from the air and saturate the soil with it, excess mineral nitrogen fertilizer can lead to the development of a powerful green mass to the detriment of the fruits. Therefore, when enriching the soil, it is worth considering and thinking, first of all, about the introduction of potassium.

planting beans

When planting beans for high-quality seed germination, it is necessary to take into account the temperature of the soil and the surrounding air, calculate the timing and choose a place for planting, properly prepare and soak the seeds, following the sowing scheme and technology.

Planting dates for beans

To correctly determine the timing of planting beans, you need to take into account the period of the expected last frost and plant seeds no earlier than a week before a possible cold snap. Therefore, in a particular climatic region, the time for planting beans is calculated individually. At the same time, in the southern warm area, where the summer is long, warm and sunny, the bean crop can be obtained several times per season.

Beans are planted in open ground starting from April, in colder regions (Urals, Siberia, Far East) - not earlier than May 15-20. When determining the timing of planting, it is best to focus on the temperature of the soil. Bean seeds begin to germinate at a soil temperature of at least +10 °C. If you plant beans in cold, unheated soil, it decreases sharply. They can rot even at the stage of swelling, in the seedling phase. In warm soil, there is no such danger, so plant beans when the soil at a depth of 5 cm warms up to 12-14 ° C. It is necessary to calculate the planting time so that shoots appear when the threat passes. return frosts. Beans germinate just 7-8 days after sowing.

Planting site for beans

When choosing a place for planting beans, it is worth considering it biological features. bean - plant short day but light-loving. Therefore, she needs sunny areas, because. lack of lighting leads to stretching of plants and a decrease in yield. Therefore, it is recommended to plant it in an open place where the sun shines all day, and away from tall crops that can shade it.

Cultivated areas with a southern slope are suitable for beans, which warm up well and are protected from the wind. For better warming of the soil, especially in lowlands, places, it is better to make beds for beans higher. Beans can be planted along the fence in one row, and the harvest will be enough.

Beans in joint plantings

Curly and semi-curly varieties of beans are often used as a compactor for other plants, planted along the edges of the garden or ridges. Beans enrich the soil with nitrogen due to nodule bacteria, so it is useful to use it in mixed landings. Compatible cultures are , .

Seed disinfection

Most plant diseases are transmitted through planting material therefore it is recommended . They are placed in a solution of potassium permanganate for 30 minutes, after which they must be washed and allowed to dry. Also, to disinfect seeds, they can be treated with fungicides immediately before sowing. To protect against nodule weevil, bean beans can be briefly dipped in water before planting. warm solution mixtures of ammonium and boric acid.

seed germination

To accelerate the germination of seeds, they are soaked the night before planting in clean (can be melted) water for 15 hours. Also, to improve the germination of bean seeds, they should be warmed up. Seeds can be poured into a thermos with hot water (temperature not more than 45 ° C), screw the lid tightly and leave for 10-12 hours. Under the influence of high temperature, the seeds will swell, and the beans will germinate faster and more amicably.

seed hardening

The procedure is very useful for beans, it allows you to get seedlings earlier. Soaked bean seeds are placed in the refrigerator on a shelf with a temperature of 2 ° C and kept there for 5-7 days, preventing the seeds from drying out. You can also carry out contrast hardening. Bring the seeds to swelling at a temperature of 18-20 ° C, while making sure that they do not have time to germinate. Then again place in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2-3 ° C for 6 hours and repeat this procedure several times.

Bean Planting Scheme

Beans are planted in rows so that the distance between them is 50-60 cm, and between plants is about 25 cm. When planting with a square-nest method, holes are made at a distance of 45 cm from each other. The sowing rate of bean seeds depends on the weight of the seeds and. On wet soils, seeds are planted to a depth of 3-4 cm, on dry soils - 5-6 cm. After sowing the beans, the surface is compacted to improve seed germination and retain moisture. The soil can also be mulched with a layer of 3-4 cm.

The thickening of crops is equivalent to their shading, so it is better to sow beans less often. If thickening still occurs, then it is better to thin out the beans so that each plant receives enough light.

Planting beans through seedlings

To get a bean harvest 2 weeks earlier, it is recommended. Then, from the end of April, in the phase of two true leaves, the seedlings are planted in open ground and with polyethylene to protect them from low temperatures.

bean care

General care for beans includes the same basic principles as care for other legumes: for,. When leaving Special attention it is worth giving watering - beans love water, but in moderation. Be sure to plant beans, loosen the upper layers of the soil, feed and disinfect the plants in time.

Beanpole

Undersized bush varieties do not need a garter at all. For taller varieties, support may be required. For climbing bean varieties, supports are set before sowing and planting holes are made next to them. The supports will support the plants and promote normal growth and development.

Loosening and hilling beans

When caring for bean crops, it is important to prevent the formation of a crust. Therefore, during the growing season, do not forget to loosen the soil and break the crusts, otherwise the seedlings, making their way to the surface, will break. Bean seeds are buried in the soil when planting shallowly, so plantings need hilling. Thanks to this procedure, the plants receive support, stand more stably and do not lie down after rain and wind. For the first time, the beans are spudded to the base of the first leaf, the second time - slightly higher.

Bean dressing

Beans are an unpretentious crop; most often, fertilizers applied during planting are sufficient. Manure for beans is not applied; nitrogen fertilizers add 20 g / m², phosphorus and potassium - 30 g / m² each. With weak growth, fertilizing is possible.

Beans take up nitrogen on their own. environment by root nodule bacteria. It does not need special feeding, but it will be grateful for the introduction of mineral trace elements. When fertilizing, be careful not to burn the plant. Make sure that dry fertilizers or solutions do not get on the bean leaves - even if you quickly wash off the residue with clean water, this will not prevent a burn. Dry fertilizers lay out at the very surface of the soil, liquid fertilizers water in the aisles through the narrow spout of the watering can.

Watering beans

Excess and lack of moisture in the soil equally leads to inhibition of growth and loss of yield. The greatest demand for water is during the fruiting period. Although beans thrive at higher temperatures than other grains, legumes, it does not tolerate heat and drought. At high temperature her buds, flowers and even young ovaries are showered. The same thing happens with a lack of moisture during flowering and bean setting. Therefore, watering in hot dry weather is required.

Diseases and pests of beans

In order not to lose the crop, you need to carefully monitor the pests and diseases that affect the beans. First of all, weeds should be carefully removed, especially spurge, in the rhizomes of which the rust pathogen can overwinter. If signs of this disease are found during the growing season, the plant can be sprayed with a solution of 1% Bordeaux mixture.

The main diseases of beans are bacterioses - any bacterial disease, which is distributed throughout the body of the bean. Often there are various spots, rot. This mainly occurs when grown in greenhouses and greenhouses. Since beans are a heat-loving crop, many summer residents try not to freeze them and put them under cover for the whole season. This is not very correct, because as a result, the beans are poorly ventilated and are very quickly affected by bacterioses.

sprout fly

One of the most notorious bean pests is the sprout fly. She gnaws at the base of young shoots, they begin to dry quickly, and you can lose all crops. As a preventive measure, it is necessary to observe crop rotation, do not plant beans after beans, since the pest accumulates in the soil in the form of laid eggs and wintering larvae. It is not recommended to make fresh humus compost, since it contains a lot of sprout flies.

bean weevil

Prevention of this pest is to harvest the beans before they crack. The harvested grains are placed in a refrigerator for 15-17 hours or in an oven at a temperature of 60-70 ° C for the same time.

Pea codling moth

Prevention of the fight against pea codling moth is the observance of crop rotation and joint landings. You should not plant beans in the place where other legumes grew and next to them.

Harvesting beans

In beans, both immature shoulder beans (green pods) and grains are eaten, so two periods of collection can be distinguished. If you are picking beans for a shoulder blade (immature fruits), then start from July 25 to August 10, and if for grain - from September 10 to 20. Beans are plucked selectively at several times at intervals of 4-8 days as mature beans form, so that they do not age and coarsen on the bushes. It is impossible to be late with the collection, because when the leaves dry, they peel off and the seeds spill out.

How do you know when it's time to harvest beans? It is believed that green beans are ready to eat when the seeds inside the bean are just starting to grow and reach a length of 3-4 mm - no more than a grain of wheat. You can pick green pods earlier - then the taste and texture of the beans are more tender. If you break the crop in a later phase, when the seeds are almost ripe, then not pods, but dense bean grains are eaten.

If rainy weather is expected by the time the beans are harvested, it is necessary to cut not the beans, but the entire bushes at the very surface of the soil. Bundled plants should be hung in a dry place with good ventilation, wait for the seeds to dry completely and peel them. When harvesting, bean plants should not be pulled out, but carefully cut off at the base so that the roots with nodule bacteria left in the ground - so they will serve good fertilizer. When they rot, the soil is saturated with nitrogen. Plants planted after beans will not need additional nitrogen fertilization.

To obtain bean seeds, you need to wait for the pods and grains to fully ripen - they are removed in a state of biological maturity. Seeds are collected, without additional processing placed in well-ventilated loose canvas bags, then hung up.

Bean storage

Freshly cut green beans are not stored for a long time, as the beans use up moisture very quickly and become unsuitable for food and processing. To save taste qualities beans should be stored in a refrigerator with a relative humidity of 85-90%. Green pods lend themselves well to freezing, canning.

Cut bean bushes can be stored in special vegetable stores, simply hanging in whole bunches right with the stems to the ceiling. So the mice will not get to them, the beans will be very well ventilated, and there will be less chance of infecting them with harmful disease-causing pathogens.