What trees are suitable for the school site. Gardening of kindergartens

Flowers have been decorating human life for a long time, captivating him with their beauty and aroma. Communication with flowers always ennobles a person, teaches him to understand and appreciate beauty. Love for flowers, instilled from childhood, remains for life. The use of flowers in landscaping and landscape design is a real art. It has existed since ancient times, and it has developed its own forms and laws. According to these laws, gardens, parks, squares are created.

landscaping- a complex of interrelated works on the aesthetic and environmental improvement of places of recreation and human life.

Landscaping is the most commonly used and equally misunderstood term. The complex of works, hidden under the term landscaping, includes a huge list of ongoing, and often simply necessary, activities aimed at giving the original landscape a logically and aesthetically complete form.

Here is a non-exhaustive list of activities that you need to pay attention to when carrying out work on landscaping areas:

• Territory planning
• Development and arrangement of the drainage system
• Soil composition and measures to improve it
• Irrigation system

Landscaping of the school territory first of all, it should serve the purposes of aesthetic education of students. Lawns, flower beds with flower plants should be located in front of the school building, in the foreground of the school site, along the main paths, near the green classroom.

For correct use and the placement of ornamental plants, first of all, you need to constantly remember about the features of the site - its moisture content and illumination. When selecting plants for flowers, it is necessary to take into account their height, the structure of the shoots, the color of the leaves, the color and size of the flowers.

Plants should be in harmony with the environment - the building, the path around which they will grow.

The layout of flowers can be regular and landscape.

The flower beds of a regular composition include:

• flowerbeds
• Rabatki
• borders
• Tapeworms
• landscape compositions:
• Mixborders
• Groups
• Arrays
• rocky areas

All these compositions should be placed in front of the building, in the foreground of the site, along the main paths, near the green class.

Flowerbeds. These are small flower beds of various geometric shapes. They can be round, oval, square, triangular or polygonal.

They arrange flower beds on a lawn, paved or any other hard surface area. Flower beds are made in front of the building, in the squares near the monuments. The surface of the flower beds is usually made flat, flush with the lawn, or slightly raised in the center so that water does not stagnate there. Small flower beds are more often flat, large ones, more than 5m2, are somewhat raised towards the center.

More often, flower beds are decorated with annual flowering and decorative leafy plants, although such biennials and perennials can be used. The pattern of the arrangement of plants in small flower beds is usually simple, they are usually planted with 1 - 3 species or varieties of the same plant species. In the flower beds large sizes plants are planted according to a pattern, which can sometimes be complex and is made up of a large set of species and varieties.

Rabatki

This is the name of flower beds, which are relatively narrow strips of flowers. Their width is usually from 40 - 50 to 150 cm, the length is arbitrary, the surface is even and only occasionally, only on wide borders, it is made slightly convex in the center in order to avoid stagnant water. Rabatki are unilateral and bilateral, asymmetric and symmetrical. In one-sided ridges, low plants are in the foreground, and tall plants are in the background.

In bilateral discounts for more than tall plants in the center in the background, the same undersized plants should be placed as in the foreground. It is recommended to plant plants with flowers of the following colors on bilateral borders: white and red (pink, blue-blue), blue and yellow, blue and orange, purple and yellow, orange and purple. One-sided ridges are placed along the walls of buildings, along fences, sometimes along paths; bilateral on school sites and on the territory of kindergartens. In narrow and long ridges, numerous varieties of calendula (marigolds) look beautiful with yellow and orange flowers in inflorescences - baskets.

borders

These are narrow continuous strips from 10 to 40 cm wide, bordering lawns, flowerbeds, flower beds, platforms or individual details of the flower garden. The border is made up of one type of undersized plants. Plants are selected compact so that the strip looks neat. For such plantings, large plants with a beautiful bush shape are suitable, with beautiful leaves, or with large flowers or inflorescences, for example, amaranth, castor bean, spurge or measure.

Partners

These are complex flower beds, including lawns, flower beds, ridges, borders, as well as fountains, sculptures, and a pool in the composition.

Walkways are provided in large stalls. The length of the parterre can be equal to the length of a building, for example, a school, and the width is 3-4 times less. One of the most important parts of the parterre, as a rule, are carpet flower beds made of short and dwarf summer plants. Begonia varieties with white, pink and red flowers and green or purple leaves are especially suitable for this purpose. Very decorative low-growing varieties of ageratum with blue, blue, white and pink flowers. In the front flower beds, flowerbeds and flowerbeds of dwarf aster, undersized marigolds, begonias, and fire salvia are very elegant.

Mixborders, or mixed borders

This is mixed landings beautifully flowering and decorative - deciduous plants. They are placed in groups in several rows on an elongated strip of land in the form of a rabatka with fuzzy contours. An indispensable condition for creating a mixborder is the continuous flowering of one or the other of its sections from early spring to frost.

Most often, mixborders look like a picturesque strip of regular or irregular shape. Its width ranges from 1.5 to 4 m. They break the mixborder along the path, hedge, building wall or freely growing shrubs. In mixborders, successively flowering plants are most often planted. Bulbous and bulbous perennials bloom in spring, then they are replaced by perennials or flowering plants in pots.

Groups

This is the name of the planting of free, picturesque outlines, consisting of several specimens of plants. AT large groups there can be up to a hundred plants on an area from 3 - 5 m2 to 40 - 50 m2. The groups can decorate the lawn, they are very beautiful in combination with sculptures, fountains, decorative stones. A group can have plants of only one species or variety, then it looks like a single colorful spot. For such groups, astilba, aster, marigolds, peony, phlox, chrysanthemum are very good. It is much more difficult to create a group of several species or varieties. In this case, you need to take into account their height, flowering time, color. Combinations can be very diverse. However, no more than five plant species should be used in a group.

Bands and Solitaires

Under group and single (tapeworms) plantings, they mean, mainly, plantings for the most part from tall, both flowering and decorative - deciduous plants. big practical value in this case have perennials, although widely used for this purpose and annual plants.

Suitable for group formation following plants: aconitum, bocconia, dahlias, delphinium, cannes, lupine, mallow, poppy, peon, peretrum (chamomile), rhubarb, tobacco, etc. Good groups of perennials that differ in shape and color, for example: irises bordered by primroses, red geyhera - snow-white bells, blue delphiniums - bright red phlox, yellow rudbeckia - purple asters.

When creating one or another form of flower plantings, the correct selection of plants is of great importance. However, in addition to knowledge biological features and agricultural technology of plants, one must also have an artistic taste.

Arrays- these are flower beds with an area of ​​​​500 - 1000 m2 or more, which are created in large glades and edges of groves, at some distance from the roads. With their device, perennials are usually used.

Rockery, or rocky garden

Rocky gardens can be placed in areas that are not very suitable for other types of flower beds, such as slopes, slopes, terraces, stairs. Rockery can be quite small, 1 - 3 m2.

In order to create this unusual flower garden, you need to stock up on stones or flagstone. beautiful shape, colors, sizes can be different - from small pebbles to solid blocks or boulders. Stones and tiles are placed on the site, trying to create a beautiful composition, including paths paved with these stones, so as not to disturb the plants when you need to walk through the rockery.

In stony gardens, perennials are planted mainly, stunted and medium in height, and only occasionally, like tapeworms, tall. On the southern slopes or terraces, light-loving and drought-resistant plants are preferred, on the northern and northwestern slopes - shade-tolerant and relatively moisture-loving.

Bulbous or bulbous plants are often grown in rockeries so that flowering begins in the earliest spring. Then some of them can be replaced with flyers. If desired, you can make a decorative slide in the garden. To do this, fill a mound and strengthen its slopes with limestone, laying out small terraces. Various perennial plants are planted on the terraces. This work will require a lot of effort and time, but the slide looks even more beautiful than rockeries on a flat surface.

Plants to create rocky garden need a little. An overloaded rockery is not so interesting, since stones are not visible under the plants, and they serve as the most important elements of decorating this flower garden.

Water

First, using a cord, a watering hose or just a trickle of sand, a contour of a reservoir is applied to the surface of the earth, the outlines of which can be chosen to your liking. After that, they dig a pit and form zones where aquatic vegetation will later be located. It is necessary to remove all sharp objects from the surface of the pit - stones, remnants of roots, etc., in order to protect the film from possible damage. Then, a layer of sand 5 cm thick is poured onto the foundation pit. For additional safety, the sand is covered with burlap or some other nonwoven fabric. Now the film is laid, pressing it tightly against all the bends of the pit, and poured with water to the level of the wetland. In this case, the wrinkles remaining on the film can be straightened. Since this can straighten the wrinkles remaining on the film. Since the elastic coating will still sag under the weight of water for some time, the design of the banks can be postponed for a day or two.

The main rule when gardening a small pond is a careful selection of plants. About fast-growing species, such as, for example, reeds, cattails, long-leaved ranunculus (Ranunculus lingua), will have to be, otherwise within a couple of years they will literally fill the entire reservoir.

The range of weakly growing plants for different depths is quite wide: plantain chastuha (Alisma plantagoaquatica), river gravel

(Geum rivale), water mint (Lysimachia nummularia), marsh forget-me-not (Myosotis palustris). Calamus calamus (Acorus calamus) feels good at a depth of 10-40 cm. The deepest places in the reservoir belong to water lilies (Nymphaea). Among them, you should also choose only dwarf, slow-growing species and varieties, for example, fragrant water lily (Nymphaea odorata) or snow water lily (N. candida), which are planted to a depth of 50 cm.

rock garden

The rock garden must be placed so that it organically fits into its environment. For rock gardens, as a rule, they choose a sunny place with sufficiently aerated soil in a site that is clearly visible from a short distance. If possible, try to arrange the rock garden so that it faces east or southeast. In these expositions, it is possible to create conditions that are most typical for the habitats of most mountain plants. In southern exposures, conditions will be favorable for a limited number of plants that tolerate direct sunlight well. The slopes of the northern direction are less suitable for rock garden, for which careful selection of plants is necessary.

A well-trimmed lawn can become a good frame for a rock garden, on which two or three large stones and some discreet plant, coniferous or deciduous tree or high herbaceous plant. It is also important to create an appropriate the background say a wall of dark green conifers trees. The most spectacular rock garden is built on a slope, however, even on level ground it is quite possible to create a spectacular garden. Finally, if there is no natural mound, one can be made by bringing earth or by digging a sloping depression. A combination of these methods is also possible: it should be borne in mind that even without a mound, a rock garden can look natural.

Material for rock garden

Having chosen a place for a rock garden, it is necessary to prepare the appropriate materials for its equipment - stones, gravel, crushed stone, sand, peat, earth.

Usually, local rock types are used, choosing mossy stones to make the garden look natural. One breed is enough not to turn the rock garden into a geological exhibition. In a large rock garden, or rock garden, as it is also called, equipped with granite and gneiss, you can arrange a separate area using limestone tuff - travertine. Mixing it with another breed in the same area is not recommended. Tuff is porous, it gives an alkaline pH reaction, at which saxifrages grow and develop well - one of the most beautiful alpines, as well as different kinds edryanthus. Sandstone is also porous, it retains water for a long time and is itself able to take it from the soil. In addition, it can give not only an alkaline, but also an acidic reaction. It depends on the content of minerals in it. However, it is very difficult to arrange a rock garden from tuff or sandstone.

Crushed stone - limestone, granite, gneiss, etc., is necessary for drainage, wrapping the necks of some plants in order to protect them from waterlogging, and also to create rock scree.

In the construction of the rock garden, sand is used, preferably river sand: it is washed, it does not contain silt impurities. It is added to dense silty soil to loosen it. Sand is also needed for plants that require sandy soil (for example, grains).

The main type of land for rock garden is turf and humus. Peat and sand are used as additives. Plants are planted in turf, after mixing it with a certain amount of additives in accordance with the requirements of plants. For example, rhododendron requires a lot of peat and coarse pine bedding, venus slippers require beech leaf compost, and gentian requires crushed peat. But all this does not mean that alpine plants are so demanding that fertilizers are applied to the ground. By nature, they are very modest, and it is better not to do this. There are, however, exceptions - plants that are helped by dry cow dung or its solution, but artificial fertilizers are used extremely rarely and very carefully. They feed only bulbous and tuberous plants to strengthen their underground organs capable of flowering. Construction of a rock garden. It begins with the planning and layout of the site. Then it is cleared, the sod is removed and weeded to remove all weeds. After clearing, a layer of construction waste, slag or gravel is applied. It turns out a water-permeable layer that does not allow water to linger - after all, most mountain plants do not tolerate the constant presence of moisture. If the soil in the garden is silty, dense, and water stagnates on it, then the drainage layer should be thicker, at least half a meter. This layer is created by backfilling with garden soil without fertilizers, best of all with turf compost with the addition of sand, peat and humus. Over-enriching the land leads to exactly the opposite results: plants grow too tall, form loose thickets, or do not appear at all. Most alpine plants are ascetics, as Nature has created them.

Getting to the device of a large rock garden, it is necessary to pre-mark the paths, steps, transitions. The relief should be modeled on the model of a natural landscape, which means that it is necessary to mark “valleys”, “plateaus”, “tops” and “cliffs”, create zones of different illumination: a zone of full illumination, a zone with a slope away from the sun , shadow. Such conditions dictate the requirements of plants, their ecology.

Flower decoration of sites near the monument and school sites.

If this is a monument to a warrior or a hero, then you should choose bright, fiery, solemn flowers. These are salvias, red begonias, red tulips and phloxes.

The shape of the flower garden will depend on where the monument is installed. If it stands on a stone platform and there is no free land around, you can put one or more boxes or containers next to it and arrange flowers in them. If there is land near the monument, you can set up a flower garden. It can be a flower bed, in the center of which there will be a monument. The monument may not be in the center, but at the base of the flower bed. The shape of the flower bed should be in harmony with the sculpture. Instead of a flower bed, you can strike green lawn and plant a beautiful flower bed of 2 - 3 types of flowers along the edge of it. And you can - only a border from one type. Both annuals and perennials are suitable here.

Another task is to arrange a school site. Many schools, especially rural ones, have a large plot area, often containing an orchard and a vegetable garden. In cities, the sites are often small. To decorate school yards, it is more convenient to break rabatki. Rabatki are located near the school building, along the road leading to the building. If the school yard is paved, boxes and containers with flowers have to be used. On school plots, the assortment of plants must be selected so that flowering begins already in early spring (crocuses, muscari, narcissus, blueberries). There should also be many annuals on the school site, especially long-blooming and late ones. These are aster, marigolds, dimorphoteka, petunia, Drummond's phlox, annual chrysanthemums and many other species. Then in September, after the holidays, the school yard will be in full bloom.

If the school plot is large and there is a lot of land, you can make flower beds, flower parterres, and build rockeries. The lawn can be decorated with a single large stone of a beautiful shape, next to which a fern or a small group of flowers is planted.

Bulbs are very good in the garden, they are placed in groups between low perennials or along the edge of the lawn. In the spring, letniki are sown between them: Iberis, calendula, escholcia. They gradually grow up and cover the dying bulbs with their foliage.

Along the roads along the edge of the lawn, it is desirable to break up separate summer beds.

Flower ridges can be beautifully decorated and experimental plots where young naturalists study vegetable or grain plants.

Selection of plants by height

If there is no monument or other architectural structure in the flower bed, then a tall, spectacular plant (agave, palm tree, etc.) is planted, plants of lower height are placed to the periphery and the edges of the flower bed are completed with the shortest ones.

Such flower beds, not even poured, but only convex, look very decorative.

To design the foreground of the object, plants are selected that are undersized, with a not very bright color, and for planting medium and further plans, larger, intensely colored plants are used.

Selection of plants by flowering time

When solving this issue, they tend to use plants with an earlier onset of flowering and a longer flowering period. The assortment, if possible, is selected in such a way that two weeks after planting the plants in flower beds or in other forms of flower planting, they will bloom.

Plants that quickly lose their decorative effect after flowering are planted in small groups closer to shrubs or between species that bloom after them.

Selection of plants by color of flowers or leaves

The color of flowers or leaves of different species and varieties is diverse, not to mention the change in color throughout the year - in spring, summer, autumn. Color combination selected so that it is the most beautiful.

When choosing colors by color, you can be guided by the following laws:

LAW OF CONTRAST COLOR. Sunlight passing through a prism is decomposed into primary colors: red - orange - yellow - green - blue - violet.

The most beautiful combinations: red with green, orange with blue, yellow with purple. This corresponds to the law of color contrasts. At the same time, it is believed that red, orange is the warmest, the hottest. It is very attractive and attracts attention, creates a feeling of warmth. Green, blue, purple - colors are passive, cold, of which blue is the coldest. These tones give the flower garden severity. To soften the very abrupt transition, plants of neutral tones are sometimes planted between contrasting troupes.

All dark colors (dark red, dark blue, dark purple) are placed closer to the audience, as in the distance they disappear, get lost, go unnoticed.

With a huge variety of plants, there are a lot of shades, and various deviations from classic combinations, but when creating a flower garden, you should, if possible, be guided by the indicated patterns.

THE LAW OF HARMONY OF COLOR. This law means a gradual increase or decrease in the intensity of the color of a particular tone. Guided by these laws, it is possible to use any color scheme when planting plants in a flower bed or on the entire flower garden, but with its different intensity. If the color intensity increases from the edge to the middle of the flower bed, for example, from light pink to pink, light red, bright red in the center, then the flower bed looks more colorful than when the color intensity decreases.

VALUE OF NEUTRAL COLORS. Neutral colors are white and black. They are of great use. However, plants with black color in nature practically do not exist (viola, coleus have almost black color), and there are a lot of white plants.

White and other light colors are clearly visible from a distance, they are usually very smart. They are often used to soften harsh combinations. White color smoothes the dissonance of colors, destroys disharmony. The combination of red and purple is perceived hard, it seems rude, and if you separate it from white, it softens significantly. White color smoothes, softens the contrast or hue, and black enhances, emphasizes the brightness of the color.

Literature.

decorative landscaping school grounds: Guidelines. Belgorod, 2003 - 20 p.

Directory of a florist (floral and ornamental plants of open ground) / I. E. Botyanovsky, E. A. Burova and others /; Ed. A. T. Fedoruk. - Minsk.: Urajay, 1985. - 208 p., ill., 16 p. Il.

Kudryavets D. B., Petrenko N. A. How to grow flowers: Book. For students. - M.: Enlightenment, 1993. - 176 p.: ill.

Magazine "My beautiful garden" No. 6, 2002.

This project was developed for an integrated approach to the implementation of activities for the improvement of the school area in order to create conditions for the educational process, as well as improve the external and aesthetic appearance of the school area. The project allows, through the involvement of students and teaching staff joint socially significant activities for the improvement of the territory school yard solve in unity the tasks of forming a civil, creatively active, physically healthy personality, labor and environmental education students.

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SOCIAL PROJECT RELATED TO THE TOPIC:

"IMPROVEMENT OF THE SCHOOL TERRITORY".

Project business card
FULL NAME.		Gaitanova Inna Anatolyevna Shchedrina Inga Vladimirovna
City, region		Tula region, Novomoskovsk, md. Sokolniki
Educational institution		Municipal state educational institution "Secondary general education school number 3"
Project Information
Project name	Project "Improvement of the school territory"
Project type	Social, creative, research, ecological.

ANNOTATION

School is an amazing and native place for every person. Here the child should be comfortable - both psychologically and physically. Undoubtedly, the main part of the childhood and youth of each person passes at school. Dozens of songs, poems have been created about this time, because school years- the beginning of our conscious life. Best friends, first love, the joys of victories and the sorrows of defeats are known to us here, within the walls of our native school, at lessons and breaks, in the school yard.

This project was developed for an integrated approach to the implementation of activities for the improvement of the school area in order to create conditions for the educational process, as well as improve the external and aesthetic appearance of the school area. The project allows, through the involvement of students and teachers, joint socially significant activities to improve the territory of the school yard, to solve in unity the tasks of forming a civil, creatively active, physically healthy personality, labor and environmental education of students.

RELEVANCE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT

The school yard is the planet of childhood, this is the place where we spend most of our time. And we are not indifferent to what our schoolyard looks like. Seeing daily well-groomed beautiful, always blooming flower beds, we will not only receive positive emotions, but also learn to protect beauty, create it with our own hands.

On the school territory there is a school building, outbuildings, a sports ground, a small garden and flower beds. The state of the school territory is always in the field of view of schoolchildren, parents and teachers.

The school yard is not only a part of the educational environment in which the process of socialization, upbringing and development of the child's personality takes place. It is also a place where students spend their free time. Therefore, the appearance of the school territory is very important for us.

“Beauty will save the world,” said the great humanists. A beautiful personality can be brought up only when everything around it is beautiful. A person feels comfortable when he is surrounded by beautiful alleys, flowering lawns and brightly decorated flower beds. Improvement of the school territory is necessary both to create an attractive appearance and to maintain the reputation educational institution. Therefore, each educational institution should have its own “face”, its own image. But how to harmonize the surrounding area? Why has this problem become relevant at this time? Such questions arose before us when developing a project for the improvement of the school territory.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

Goals:

• creation of an aesthetically and environmentally attractive space near the school;
• improvement of the ecological situation in the school and on the territory adjacent to it by planting seedlings of trees, bushes and flowers;
• education of diligence, love for one's school, respect for nature;
• development of creative abilities of students;
• formation of healthy lifestyle habits.

Tasks:

• draw students' attention to solving urgent problems of the school;
• to form in students a sense of responsibility for the school, the ability to implement concrete steps to improve and improve the school and its territory;
• involve teachers, school students and the parent community in improving the aesthetic design of the school.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

During the work on the project, it was decided:

1. To delimit the zones of the school territory in order to create the most favorable environment:

1. Sports zone (football field, basketball, volleyball and tennis courts).
2. The play area of ​​the school (a playground for primary school students, a playground for quiet games).
3. Ceremonial zone (platform for holding rulers).
4. Transport zone (platform for studying the rules of the road).
5. Specialized area for shooting lessons.
6. Specialized zone for long jumps.
7. Green recreation area (creation of an alley of graduates and medalists of the school).

1. Equip recreation areas with benches and litter bins.
2. Update flower beds, create a mini garden.
3. Cut down the overgrowth, remove the dried branches of shrubs and trees.

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLANS

Work on the improvement of the school territory consists in cutting down old trees and planting new ones, forming lawns, flower beds and a mini garden, creating an alley of graduates and medalists of the school. We have to carry out these tasks on our own, with the help of parents and school staff. An important goal of the school yard improvement project is the installation of comfortable benches or benches, as well as the creation of mini lawns or flower beds.

The sports field is main part school grounds where students spend a lot of time. Therefore, the compact placement of all objects on it (a football field; basketball, volleyball and tennis courts; a specialized area for shooting classes; a specialized area for long jumps; a platform for studying traffic rules) is a very important and necessary element in the improvement. Benches and rubbish bins are required. Sports grounds should be convenient not only for physical education lessons, but also for students to relax during breaks, where they will have the opportunity to run around, work out on various simulators. Active recreation is very important for students, since they spend most of their time sitting at their desks and computers.

Schedule for the implementation of planned activities with the obligatory indication of dates:

	Event	the date	Responsible	Supposed participant coverage
	Distribution of the school territory between classes	April		5-11 grades
	Cleaning of the school territory (cleaning the territory of garbage, cleaning dry grass and branches)	April	Classroom teachers	3-8 grades
	Cutting down old trees and bushes	April	Class teachers, technology teachers	9-11 grades
	Acquisition of tree seedlings and seedlings of flowers and vegetables	May	manager
	Tree planting	May	Biology teacher	8-10 grades
	Creation of flower beds and lawns	May	technology teacher	5-8 grades
	Creating a mini garden	May	technology teacher	5-8 grades
	Installing trash bins	April	technology teacher	Grade 10
	Installing benches or benches	May	building maintenance worker
	Creating an alley of graduates and medalists of the school	May	Project organizers	Grade 10
	Coverage of activities on the school website	April May	Project organizers
	Delimitation of sports zones (football field; basketball, volleyball and tennis courts; a specialized area for shooting lessons; a specialized area for long jumps)	May	Physical education teachers	9-11 grades
	Creation of a platform for studying the rules of the road	May	OBJ teacher	9-11 grades

EXPECTED RESULTS

Quantitative indicators:

1. 20 school employees, 420 students to involve as participants in the improvement of the school area.
2. Number of new techniques:

• collective mass realization;
• research environmental activities with a practical focus.

Qualitative indicators:

• creation of the most favorable sanitary and hygienic conditions for education, games and recreation of children;
• creating an atmosphere of cooperation between all project participants;
• manifestation of fantasy, creativity, initiative and diligence in children and adults;
• improving the appearance of the school territory;
• landscaped yard and original flower gardens.

RESULTS ASSESSMENT MECHANISM

• Evaluation of the results of the project by the leaders of local and departmental government.
• Conducting outdoor sporting events.
• Successful "engraftment" of plants.
• Involvement of medalists and graduates of 11th grade students to work on the alley.

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT

An indicator of the further development of the project will be the inclusion of events related to sports competitions, the opening of a summer school camp, the successful operation of the alley in the summer.

PROJECT'S BUDGET

No. p / p	Name	Qty	Price per one. (rub.)	Total cost (rub.)
	Tree seedlings (cherry)			3000
	Seedling of flowers and vegetables for flower beds and mini-garden			1000
	Dye		6000	6000
	Football goal net		2500	5000

Landscaping of school and children's areas preschool institutions

Creation and improvement of a comfortable and environmentally friendly environment. When choosing sites for the placement of schools and preschool institutions, it is important to ensure their convenient pedestrian accessibility in relation to the places of residence of the population: preschool institutions and primary schools or classes should be located at a distance of up to 500 m, basic schools (excluding primary schools, classes) - up to 750 m, interschool educational complexes - no more than 30 minutes of transport accessibility.

Types of institutions	Calculation unit		Area per calculation unit
General education schools with capacity, seats: up to 500 inclusive over 500 to 600 inclusive over 600		Student	60 sq. m 50 sq. m 35-45 sq. m
Children's preschool institutions with a capacity, places: up to 100 inclusive over 100		Place	40 sq. m 30-35 sq. m

Recommended area indicators for specialized schools accepted: sports and boarding schools 2.2.5 hectares per facility, musical, artistic - 15 sq. m per place.

For schools and preschool institutions, dry and ventilated areas are selected (the groundwater level on the site must be at least 0.7 m below the level of the planned surface of the territory).

Lots must be planned. Entrances and entrances to sites, driveways, paths to outbuildings, approaches to buildings at least 100 m away must have a hard surface.

When improving parking lots near schools and preschool institutions, the distance from them to the boundaries of the plots of schools and preschool institutions should be taken at least as given in Table. 2.

The boundaries of the areas to which the distance is determined	Distance from the boundaries of open parking lots, garage walls, with the number of cars
	10 or less	11-50	51-100	101-300	Over 301
Borders of plots of schools and preschool institutions	15 m	25 m

*Determined in agreement with the sanitary supervision authorities

Features of improvement of sites of schools, gymnasiums, lyceums. On the territory of the school site, taking into account the peculiarities of the educational process, functional zones are allocated for the improvement of the territory: physical culture and sports, educational and experimental, cultural events, recreation, economic. The composition and areas of functional zones are calculated based on the capacity of the educational institution, the number of parallel classes, and the specialization of the institution. All zones must be connected to the building and to each other.

For school activities other urban areas may be used. For example, parks are used for sports and recreation activities, biology classes. Urban landscaped open spaces recommended for use by schoolchildren include those that are directly adjacent to school sites or located no further than a 15-minute pedestrian walk. availability from them. At the same time, the intersection of pedestrian paths used by schoolchildren with highways with heavy traffic of motor vehicles is undesirable.

When moving a physical culture and sports zone to nearby city park areas, the size of the school site can be reduced by 25-30%, when taking out a recreation area - by 10% (excluding the recreation area of ​​0 classes).

The open spaces of schools can be used during non-school hours by residents of neighboring territories. Therefore, it is important that school open spaces integrate the qualities of an environment for children and a public environment.

Physical culture and sports zone makes up approximately 30% of the total area of ​​the school site (including building area). It is recommended to place the physical culture and sports zone on the side of the gym.

The main element of the physical culture and sports zone is the sports and gaming complex, which includes:

Minifootball field;

A platform for gymnastics and sports equipment;

treadmill;

Playground for younger students.

It should be possible to use the football field in winter period for skating.

Physical culture and sports grounds intended for sports games are recommended to be oriented with the longitudinal axes in the north-south direction. The rest of the sites can be oriented arbitrarily.

A sports and game complex can be created for 2-3 schools located within 5-7 minutes walking distance.

Training and experimental zone includes areas for practical classes in biology, ecology, geography, a meteorological platform, areas for observing plants.

Zone of cultural events designed to carry out solemn gatherings, rulers, holidays and other events. Its main element of landscaping is a platform for mass gatherings, which can be used by high school students for recreation during breaks, meetings with peers after school.

The improvement of such a territory requires individual planning and architectural and landscape techniques, landscaped by the specifics of the urban and landscape situation, for example, the creation of an amphitheater on relief, placement of decorative water devices, tree and shrub landscape compositions.

Rest zone makes up about 16% of the area of ​​the school site. For primary school students, a separate recreation area with playgrounds intended for outdoor games should be allocated. Their area should be designed for 100% of students in this age group.

Rest areas for students in grades 5-9 should be divided into areas for outdoor games based on 50% coverage of students in this age group and into areas for a relaxing holiday the rest of the students, who should be located away from the sports grounds.

The site of psychological unloading can be combined with a quiet rest area. The architectural and landscape organization of the site should contribute to the formation of positive emotions in children, the development of fantasy, initiative thinking. The main principle of organizing space is the creation of emotionally expressive micro-landscapes: a rock garden, sculptural compositions, artificial relief, decorative paving, picturesque shrub and flower compositions.

Recreation areas in boarding schools should have a convenient connection with the dormitory building.

Playgrounds located near the school building should be sown with low, trample-resistant grass.

Economic zone should be located on the side of the entrance to industrial premises or in a catering unit and have a separate entrance from the street.

Garbage bins should be placed in the utility area and installed on a concreted area at a distance of at least 25 m from the windows of the building and the entrance to the catering unit. Containers for garbage and waste must be tightly closed covers.

Features of arrangement of sites of specialized schools. Schools of the natural science profile are represented by several biases: biological, ecological, geographical. The general requirements for the spatial organization of areas of natural science schools include an increase in the area of ​​the educational and experimental area and the organization of specialized sites on its territory.

For schools of biological and ecological profile it is necessary to provide plots of field and vegetable crops, plots of flower and ornamental plants, plots of collection and selection work. It is desirable to arrange greenhouses or greenhouses, zoological, ecological sites.

For schools of geographical and ecological profile envisaged location of the meteorological site. Part of the classes in specialized subjects, field practices, excursions are held outside the school site.

Features of arrangement of sites of preschool institutions. Plots of preschool institutions should be taken at the rate of 700-800 square meters. m per group.

Placement of preschool institutions directly near the main streets and roads is not allowed. The distance from the buildings of the nursery gardens to the red line should be at least 25 m.

Open spaces of nurseries-kindergartens should be formed in relation to group work with kids. On the site are placed: group sites with canopies from rain and sun; intergroup recreational area (as a rule, with a stable lawn cover and small architectural forms); sports ground; a platform for learning the rules of the road; zoo corner; business platform.

Playgrounds for children of different ages may be blocked. This makes it possible to use intergroup territories more rationally, enlarge them and allocate, for example, a place for a roller coaster on artificial terrain, for a bicycle and scooter path.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….………..…..3

GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND RELEVANCE OF THE PROJECT ……………….……........3-5

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN …………………......................…………….…....6

PREPARATORY STAGE OF WORK ……………………...……….….7-8

INVESTIGATION AND SELECTION OF FLOWER CROPS ..............................................................9-14

INVESTIGATION AND INVESTIGATION OF THE SITE....................................................15 -eighteen

SOWING SEEDS FOR SEEDLING………………………………….………........19

SEEDLING DIVING…………………………………………….……......20

PLANTING SEEDLINGS AND SOWING SEEDS OF FLOWER PLANTS IN OPEN GROUND ............................................................ ................................................. ...21

CONCLUSION……………………………………………………...………….22

USED ​​LITERATURE…………………………..………….…23

INTRODUCTION

Love for flowers has been characteristic of all peoples since ancient times. Bright, diverse shapes, with a pleasant aroma, they have always attracted the attention of adults and children. For life, a person has a love for flowers, instilled from childhood, and wherever he lives, they will breed everywhere and everywhere.

Why did you choose this topic for the project? Most We spend our time at school. And so the school should be beautiful not only from the inside, but also from the outside. Choosing the topic of our project, we decided to please not only ourselves, but also those around us with the result of our work, and also try our hand at design, learning a lot of new things. For our flowerbed, we chose the shape of a circle, which symbolizes solidarity and friendship.

GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND RELEVANCE OF THE PROJECT

In winter, looking out the window, you see a monotonous picture: white snow, bare trees, gray sky. Every student is waiting for the long-awaited summer vacation and imagines how the buds on the trees will blossom outside the window, the warm sun will sparkle with light, the beautiful flowers. But you can bring this time closer if you start preparing for it in advance. You can explore the variety of flower varieties, you can pick up different color solutions flower beds, you can think over the geometry of plantings. In order for the flowering time to be earlier and longer, you need to start growing flower seedlings on the window in winter.

Hypothesis: if a project is developed and implemented to improve the school flowerbed, and in the future, to plant greenery around the entire school site, this will improve the recreation conditions for all "residents" of the school, and teach them to take care of nature.

The object of our study: flower plants, annuals and perennials;

Subject of study: how you can change the ecosystem of the school territory on your own to improve its environmental situation.

Objective of the project – cultivation flower seedling for the design of a school flower bed, taking into account the economical operation of the territory and its rational use of natural resources.

To achieve this goal, you need to do the followingtasks:

study the literature on landscape design and on the basis of the studied, develop your own project for landscaping the school site;

pick up an assortment of flower crops for decorating a school plot;

to ennoble the school flower bed;

determine the agrotechnical methods of growing the proposed plants.

Project type: long term.

The relevance of this project :

Instilling aesthetic and artistic taste in students,

Education of diligence, skills of caring for flower plants.

For our project, we used:

Literature on this subject;

Possibilities of the Internet;

Landscape projects of other schools;

Photo and audio equipment.

Expected results:

Blooming flower bed in different periods of time;

development of practical skills in growing plants;

obtaining knowledge about ornamental plants;

formation of the skill of research activity.

Description of project stages:

• collection and study of literature;

  study design options flower beds;

  study of the species composition of flower and ornamental plants;

  drawing up a work plan;

  soil analysis;

  sowing seeds;

  growing seedlings;

  breakdown of flower beds;

  planting seedlings in open ground;

  organization of care for flower beds during the summer months;

  analysis of the work performed;

  creating a presentation report.

1. Project Implementation Plan

Stage

Completed work

Term

Organizational

Drawing up a work plan

January February

Research

Exploring options for decorating flower beds.

Studying the types of flower beds

February

Practical activities

Buying flower seeds

February March.

Soil preparation

March, April.

Growing seedlings

March, April.

picking

April.

Digging the soil in the flower bed

April.

Breakdown of flower beds

April.

Planting seedlings, sowing seeds

April May.

Work on the school site during the entire summer period (summer labor practice)

May-August.

Care and observation of flowering plants.

May-October.

Final 1 stage

Analysis of the work performed

October 2016

2. PREPARATORY STAGE OF WORK

Before starting work on the design of flower beds, we conducted a small study - we studied the literature on this topic, learned the types of design of flower beds, the flowers used, and the methods of color design.

Depending on the shape of the flower beds, there are oval, round, square, rectangular, rhombic, triangular, etc. They also differ in size - from 1 to 8-10 m or more in diameter.

Flower beds are planted with one or more types of flowering plants. The internal drawing of a flower bed can be very diverse. Flowerbeds can be low or elevated (protruding above the surface), depending on the range of plants. The flowerbeds of salvia, petunia, annual asters, begonias, marigolds, etc. are very beautiful. flowering plants etc. Creating composite flower beds from several types of flowering plants requires great skill, skill and taste from the gardener.

In modern landscaping, flower beds are made low, flush with the lawn and only in special cases bulk, but not higher than 5-8 cm. The size of the flower bed depends on the size of the flower garden. When designing, it is necessary to take into account the duration of flowering of planted plants.

The artistic decorative value of a flower garden depends on the selection of plants in a combination of colors of deciduous and flowering plants, proportionality separate parts flower garden, clarity and clarity of the picture, the content of the picture, the presence of a good background of the lawn, the provision of care. Successful selection of plants according to the color of leaves or flowers is essential. In this case, the rules of harmonic combination of colors among themselves provide significant assistance. The main or main colors are considered yellow, red and blue. The derivative colors will be green, which is obtained by mixing yellow with blue, orange - from yellow with red, purple from blue with red. The brighter colors yellow, orange and red are called active and the less bright colors purple, green and blue are called passive.

A pleasant impression is made by such a combination when the main color is located next to such a derivative in which this main color is absent. Plants of the same culture are combined with each other in color, especially in the presence of varieties.

Parts of the flower garden should be harmonious, pleasing to the eye. The rules of proportion help solve this.

Mostly annual plants are used to decorate flower beds. And they choose mainly letniki, which bloom for a long time and profusely, differing in the decorativeness of the leaves. Widely used in flowerbeds, flowerbeds and parterres of summer flowering.

What requirements should a flower garden meet?

Continuous flowering throughout the growing season.

Available planting material.

Plant care is easy.

A harmonious combination of plants in terms of height, structure of shoots, color and size of flowers and leaves should be suitable for decorating a recreation corner in the school yard.

3. STUDY AND SELECTION OF FLOWER CROPS.

Based on the literature studied, we identified the most common flower crops in our area and compiled a table based on their main characteristics.

Project estimate:

70*10=700 rub

10*20=200 rub.

fertilizers

Seedling

Total

900 rub

4. Study and study of the site

In February, work began on the flower bed itself, it was necessary to study the site, the composition of the soil in the proposed flower bed, and determine its physical and chemical properties. Dig up the site, clear the grass cover and roots, select stones, loosen.

1) Site marking.

The area of ​​88.21 square meters, round, is located in the southern part of the school yard. The study of soils begins with the determination of its physical and chemical properties: structure, color, humidity, density, acidity, fertility.

2) Soil description plan:

Point (school yard);

General relief (flat);

Vegetation (weed).

3) Plan for studying the soil section:

Schematic section of the soil section (1:10);

Coloring;

Structure, the ability to break up into separate parts;

Mechanical composition;

Inclusions;

Density;

soil moisture;

Acidity;

4) Soil composition analysis.

1. Physical analysis of the studied soil.

For description physical properties we investigated the soil profile, mechanical and mineral composition, structure, moisture capacity, water permeability and air content in the soil sample.

Experience No. 1 "Research of the soil profile."

From the scheme of the soil profile (Appendix No. 1) it can be seen that the sod and humus layers are weakly expressed.

Experience No. 2 "Determination of the mechanical and mineral composition of the soil."

They took some soil, slightly moistened it and rolled it up in the palms of their hands. The soil rolls into a thick sausage that breaks when bent. From which we concluded that the soil is light loamy. And it is not significantly dominated by alumina.

Experience No. 3 "Determining the structure of the soil."

They took some soil, laid it out in a thin layer on a saucer and examined it. The soil broke up into lumps. When water was added, a continuous viscous mass was not formed. After analyzing the results, we concluded that the soil has a structure.

Experience No. 4 "Determining the moisture capacity of the soil."

They took some soil, placed it on a metal tray and weighed it. Soil massm 1 = 100g 700mg. They placed a tray with soil for a day in the oven at a temperature of about 100 degrees Celsius. The dried soil was weighed. The mass of the soil has becomem 2 =48g 200mg. The percentage of water was calculated using the formula:

{( m1- m2)*100%}: m1=(100700-48200)*100%:100700=52%

It was concluded that the soil under study contained sufficient moisture.

Experience No. 5 "Determining the water permeability of the soil"

A cylindrical soil sample was taken. For this, a plastic jar was prepared (the bottom was removed in it) and a soil sample was cut out with this cylinder. Approximately 100 ml of water was poured into a wide vessel and the selected sample was placed in it. We noted the time during which the water was completely absorbed into the soil - 19 min 28 s. Since the studied soil is dry, structural, the water quickly absorbed into it. We concluded that the soil has high water permeability.

Based on the results of physical analysis (Appendix 2) of the test sample, we found:

a) pronounced structure, mineral composition of the soil, its high water permeability and good aeration should promote plant growth .;

b) but a weakly expressed humus horizon indicates an insufficient content of organic matter in the soil.

2. Chemical analysis of the studied soil.

As options for chemical analysis the following were used: assessment of soil acidity, determination of soil salinity, determination of the presence of heavy metals (see Annex 3).

Experience No. 1 "Determining the pH of soil extract."

Usingsalt soil extract, determined the pH in two ways: a) with a universal indicator solution, adding 3-5 drops of the indicator solution to the first test tube; b)pH- indicator paper, lowering the end of the paper strip with tweezers into the second test tube.

Both tests showed that the pH of the studied soil ranged from 7-8. From which we concluded that the soil environment is slightly alkaline.

Experience No. 2 "Study of soil salinity."

A) Detection of carbonate ions: hydrochloric acid was added to the test tube with the soil under study. We observed the "boiling" of the soil (non-intensive release of bubbles). This indicates the presence of carbonate ions in the soil.

2H + + CO 3 2- = H 2 O + CO 2

B) Discoverysulfate ions: a barium salt solution was added dropwise to a test tube with a soil solution. A small suspension of barium sulfate was observed, which indicates the presence of sulfate ions in the soil.

C) Detection of sulfite ions: an alcohol solution of iodine was added dropwise to a test tube with a soil solution.

D) Detection of chloride ion: a solution of silver nitrate was added dropwise to a test tube with a soil solution. No visible changes were found.

From the experiments carried out, it was concluded that the soil was slightly salinized.

Experience No. 3 "Detection of heavy metals in the soil."

A) Detection of copper ions: a soil solution was poured into a test tube to 1/4 of its height, 2-3 ml (excess) of ammonia solution was poured into it, the contents of the test tube were mixed.No visible changes were found.

B) Detection of iron ions: 3-4 ml of potassium thiocyanate was poured into a test tube with a soil solution with a pipette.No visible changes were found.

Based on the experiments performed, we made sure that the studied soil sample is not contaminated with heavy metals.

3. Research results.

Thus, in the course of a series of experiments, we found out:

1. Remoteness of the school site of the school from various sources anthropogenic pollution has a beneficial effect on the preservation of the fertility of its soil.

2. Such physical properties as structure, mineral composition, high water permeability and good aeration of the soil should contribute to obtaining good growth plants in the school yard.

3. Also, the presence of sulfate ions negatively affects the growth of plants in the school area.

4. The main problem of the soil in the educational and experimental area of ​​the school is the insufficient content of organic matter and the excess content of carbonate ions, which causes a slightly alkaline environment of the soil solution and reduces productivity.

The identified problems showed that the main task is to increase the content of organic matter in the soil and reducepH soil. In order for humus to form in the soil, all kinds of organic residues must be added to it. But very often the use of organic fertilizers is associated with high financial costs.Sowe proposed methods for increasing soil fertility in the school area without much financial effort. Applicationorganic waste.It is best to compost organic waste directly in the garden or on the paths. In this case, the maximum restoration of soil fertility is ensured with minimal labor costs. Best to have 2-3 compost heaps. In one, organic residues are introduced, in another they are already rotting, in the third, the compost is already ready and is applied to the beds.

The following organic residues are used for composting:
1. Household trash organic origin.
2. Fresh manure and bird droppings.
3. Wood ash.

And finally, to neutralize the acidity of the soil, it is recommended to add wood ash to the soil. Since the majority garden plants and beneficial soil microorganisms develop well with soil acidity ph = 6.5-7.0 - slightly acidic or neutral soil reaction.

5. SOWING SEEDS FOR SEEDLINGS

seedling method growing plants allows you to get earlier flowering.Required tools:

Scoop

Seeding tank

Glass or polyethylene film

Ingredients:

earth mixture

Flower seeds

Water

The depth of sowing seeds is determined by their size. The basic rule is that the seeds need to create conditions for easier germination. For example, the smaller the seeds, the smaller the sowing depth they need, the heavier the soil, the closer to the surface they need to be embedded, the drier the soil, the greater the sowing depth, and so on.

FIRST SHOOTS

The first shoots of asters appeared within a week, but the dahlias were covered with plastic wrap for a long time and the shoots were rare, single. We regularly groomed our seedlings, carefully watering the sprouts using a spray bottle.

6. DIVING SEEDLINGS

Our aster sprouts pulled up together and they became cramped. Need a pick! What is a "dive"?

picking is the planting of seedlings in order to ensure larger area their nutrition. Picked plants will develop better and faster. Therefore, picking is very important for their life.

Seedling picking determines the further growth of the seedling, therefore it must be carried out correctly: seedlings must be watered abundantly before picking - this will facilitate the extraction of plants from the ground and protect the roots from mechanical damage. A special peg (pike) is made in the prepared substrate, where the root and part of the stem (up to the cotyledon leaves) of the seedling are lowered. At the same time, make sure that the roots do not bend. For better branching, the central root of the seedling can be pinched back by 1/3 (this will make the plant stronger and more resilient). When picking, you need to hold the plant not by the fragile stem, but by the cotyledon leaves. The recess is covered with earth, the quality of the pick is checked by lightly pulling the seedling up by the cotyledon leaves. Injury to plants during picking leads to a delay in the growth of seedlings. During picking, diseased and twisted plants are culled. It should be remembered that picking delays the development of any culture for 5-7 days.

The picking ends with watering the transplanted plants from a shallow watering can or abundant spraying. The critical period lasts 3-4 days. At this time, you need to maintain a temperature of 23-25 0 C, keep plants in diffused light conditions and protect from wind and drafts.

OUR SEEDLINGS

Continuing to take care of the seedlings, we watered and loosened them, kept diaries of flower observations. Every day the seedlings were pulled up, we changed the boxes, turned one side, then the other towards the light. There were many asters, but dahlias - only single plants.

7. Planting seedlings and sowing seeds of flower plants in open ground.

In mid-April, strengthened and healthy seedlings was planted in open ground, and sowing of seeds of flower and ornamental plants was also carried out.

CONCLUSION

Initial work on the design, selection seed material, soil research, sowing and planting of seed material and seedlings of flower plants is completed.

Next stage design work includes planning and organizing the care of a flower bed in the summer.

Bibliography.

Mansurova S.E., Kokueva G.N. We follow environment of our city: 9-11 cells: School workshop. - M.: Center VLADOS, 2001

Soil quality control methods: Educational and methodological manual for universities. - Voronezh, 2007

N. G. Fedorets, M. V. Medvedeva teaching aid for students and graduate students of ecological and biological specialties). - Petrozavodsk, 2009

http://en.wikipedia.org

3. A2 - washout horizon; he is not very fertile and has light shade due to intensive washing out of humus particles - 17-20 cm;

4.A3-washout horizon. Substances from overlying horizons are washed out and accumulated in it.




Appendix 2

Table number 1. Studies of the physical properties of the soil.

Appendix 3

Table number 2. The results of the study of the chemical properties of the soil.

Appendix 4

Table number 3. Conclusions on the results of the study.

1. Remoteness of the training and experimental site from various sources of anthropogenic pollution.

2. Structure of the soil, the presence of large pores.

3. High water permeability.

4. Good aeration

5. Mineral composition

6. Absence of heavy metal ions and soil salinity

1. Insufficient content of organic matter

2. Weak expression of the humus layer

3. Excess content of carbonate ions and sulfate ions.

4. Slightly alkaline soil solution

Municipal State Educational Institution Nizhnechumanskaya Secondary School of the Baevsky District of the Altai Territory

Ignatenko Svetlana Vladimirovna

MKOU "Nizhnechumanskaya secondary school"

head teacher

with. Nizhnechumanka

2012

Relevance. The priority of environmental education today is recognized by the entire world community. Therefore, at present, people have begun to pay more and more attention to the condition of the territories adjacent to their home, place of work, educational institutions and other objects of social significance. And many of these areas often require significant improvement.

"The theater begins with a hanger," and the school from the school yard. The building of Nizhnechumanskaya high school was built in 1967. The problem of improving the school territory has become relevant from the first years of its existence. This problem remains relevant for us at the present time, which contributes to the education of aesthetic taste in children, the formation of a sense of responsibility for their school and the desire to change the face of the school for the better. The school yard becomes an effective means of forming the aesthetic and ecological culture of students, the formation of their new civic consciousness.

The need to form the image of the school is determined by the following reasons:

the demographic situation intensifies competition among educational institutions of the same territory;

a positive image will facilitate the access of an educational institution to new resources from the possible ones: financial, informational, human;

having a formed positive image, an educational institution, other things being equal, becomes more attractive to staff.

The formed positive image of the school will allow to solve a number of tasks:

Increase the attractiveness of the school for parents and students.

To increase the effectiveness of measures to inform the population about new educational services.

Raise the level of organizational culture of the school.

Contribute to the improvement of the socio-psychological microclimate in the school community.

The result of the work of our school on the formation of an attractive image will be a well-maintained school territory.

In the 2010 academic year, the school administration came to the understanding that it is necessary to change the attitude of the school to the issues of improvement. A plan was developed. Thus, our project for landscaping and landscaping the school territory was born.

Any undertaking, if you apply creative possibilities, fantasies and activity, can be completed successfully. We are sure that our school celebrated its anniversary (September 2012) in an updated form, which pleased both the owners of the school and all the guests.

Target: organizing and conducting activities to improve the school grounds and the school building itself.

Project objectives:

- draw the attention of students to solving urgent problems of the school;

- conduct a sociological survey among students, school employees, and the local population to identify proposals for the improvement of the school yard;

- develop and implement a plan for planting greenery in the school and landscaping the territory of the school yard;

- develop a creative interest in practical activities in the field of landscape design;

To instill skills in environmental behavior, fostering love for nature;

To form a positive image of the school in society.

The initiators and organizers of the project are the administration and the teaching staff, the Governing Council of the school

Project implementation period: 3 years (2010-2012)

Practical significance: public involvement in the significance of the project; improving the surrounding landscape of the school yard; aesthetic correspondence between the school and the created cultural landscape.

After analyzing information from various sources, we can come to the following conclusions:

1. The problem of improvement and gardening of the school territory is relevant not only for students, but also for the public as a whole.

2. Landscaping and landscaping of the school area plays an important sanitary, hygienic and educational role.

3. In addition to the aesthetic function, the practical function is very important. The modern school is focused on ensuring that the child receives not only theoretical knowledge, but also direct practical skills. Therefore, what the student learns during the design and implementation will be useful to him in life.

4. Opportunity appearsto involve students in active environmental research, to cultivate an ecological culture, respect for nature.

5. The landscaped area of ​​any school is admired by guests, and students and teachers will feel comfortable and harmonious.

Stages of project implementation
"School landscaping"

Stage name

Responsible

period of execution

Preparatory

Motivation, goal setting of the project.

March 2010

Design

Construction of an indicative scheme of activities

March - May 2010

Practical

Project implementation

May-September 2011,2012;

Final

Comparison of actual and desired results of work.

October November
2012

Expected results, their social significance.

Estimated result

Organization of socially significant social activities of schoolchildren.

A complex approach to education of citizenship, patriotism, ecological culture, labor education.

Generalization of knowledge about the decorative design and improvement of the school territory;

Creation of conditions for the possible organization of the process of joint pastime, contributing to the spiritual rapprochement of children and adults, the birth of common interests and hobbies;

Introduction to a healthy lifestyle as an important component of ecological culture;

Creation of a humanistic developing environment for the life of students, presentation to them additional features for self-development, self-affirmation, self-expression;

Creation of a place of rest and communication for schoolchildren in their free time from lessons;

Improving the aesthetic appearance of the school yard, creating a favorable environmental environment;

Improving the competitiveness of the school by creating an image of a beautiful cozy home, the beauty of which is created by the initiative and work of children and teachers.

In order to correctly assess the situation, we examined it from different angles: ecological, biological, social, medical. In with. Nizhnechumanka environmental and social situations are not the most favorable. The territory of two-story buildings adjacent to the school is in poor condition, which has a negative impact on the appearance of the school yard.

There are social and environmental problems: dustiness of the air environment due to the proximity federal highway"Barnaul - Slavgorod", insufficient landscaping of the school area and areas near courtyards, low level of environmental activity among schoolchildren and villagers, low cultural level of communication with nature.

This project will help children express themselves, gain confidence in own forces, improve the school yard, take part in the life of the school. environmental education at present stage development of human civilization is priority development of the entire system of education and upbringing, a systematizing factor in education, therefore, in our opinion, the period has come in the organization of environmental education, when an increase in its effectiveness can only be achieved by a comprehensive, systematic approach - the greening of the entire educational institution, all components of the educational process at school . Improvement of the territory of the school yard acts as one of the mechanisms for the formation of a positive image of the school.

Our work began in March, when the preparation plan for the new academic year was considered at a meeting with the director.

The project "Improvement of the school territory" was developed

Municipal State Educational Institution Nizhnechumanskaya Secondary School of the Baevsky District of the Altai Territory

project manager: Ignatenko Svetlana Vladimirovna

head teacher

photographer: Zaitseva Tatyana Nikolaevna

primary school teacher

with. Nizhnechumanka

2011

school sign

Lighting

"Green class"

Playground

Rest places

pavement economic zone

Aesthetic design

The project "Improvement of the school territory" was developed

During the implementation of the project "Improvement of the school territory in the 2010-2011 academic year" following works:
Joint activities of students, parents, teachers were organized to implement the main activities of the project (creative groups were formed to different directions activities, on preparatory stage a landscape organization of the school territory was carried out, plants for landscaping were selected; information was collected and teachers were interviewed;

dead trees and shrubs uprooted;
cleaning of the school territory from household waste was carried out (school-wide subbotniks were organized);
a sketch of the landscape design of the school site was drawn up;
on the territory of the school site there are flower beds;
landscaping of the territory;
explanatory work was carried out among students;

a competition for the best sketch of flower beds was held;
seedlings were collected for planting perennial flowers together with their parents

brought land for planting flowers

painted sports facilities on school grounds;
old poplars were cut down in the amount of 68 pcs.

new toilets built;

moved trash box;

work plan was drawn up.

At the same time, there are problems that are planned to be solved in the process of project implementation:
lack of good soil on school grounds;
renovation of the facade of the school building is required;

Work plan:

APPROVE:

director of educational institution Nizhnechumanskaya MSOS

S.V. Ignatenko

educational institution: "Nizhnechumanskaya Municipal Secondary School of Baevsky District of Altai Territory"

№p/p

type of work

responsible

timing

result

head teacher

S. V. Ignatenko

April

head teacher

S. V. Ignatenko

April

head teacher

April-beginning of May

Earth

class teachers

May June

flower beds

Zaitseva T.N. class head of the 2nd class

May June

blooming flower bed

Galtsova L.V., 3rd grade

May June

blooming flower bed

G.V. Kiryushkina, 4th grade

May June

blooming flower bed

pipe design (portable containers); (flowerbeds from wheels)

Golub E.V., 5th grade

May June

heat pipe decoration

Creating a flower bed (near the gazebo)

Popova E.Yu., 6th grade

May June

blooming flower bed

N.I. Slyusar, Grade 7

May June

T.P. Naydenova, 8th grade; Yu.I. Borovikova, Grade 9

May June

flower bed

E.N. Chervonnaya, 10th grade

May June

flower bed

May

MT

June August

competition for the best figure from improvised materials

class teachers

May June

Relocation of toilets

head teacher

May-August

new toilets

garden care

MT

June August

well-kept garden

O.A. Masliy, N.A. Topchieva

May June

"corner"

All landscaping work has begun in early spring from the school Saturday .

2nd grade students

Grade 11 Grade 1 and class leader

This is what the school grounds looked like after Saturday

Each class performed its own element of uniform design.

"School territory"

August 2011 flowerbed 2 classes

3rd grade parents work

As a result of the work appeared:

"alpine hills"

flowerbed 4 classes

Grade 5 flowerbed: design of a heat pipe

Flowerbed 6 class

Flowerbed 7 class

Flowerbeds 8-9 classes

"Rural corner near the boiler room"

Irrigation tank "Lake with swans"

"Keeper of the school yard", made on a poplar saw cut

school garden

Practical work

2011-2012 academic year

APPROVE:

director of MKOU "Nizhnechumanskaya secondary school"

S.V. Ignatenko

reviewed on _________________

Project No. ______ dated ____________ 2012

Work plan for the improvement and landscaping of the school territory

MKOU "Nizhnechumanskaya Secondary School of the Baevsky District of the Altai Territory"

№p/p

type of work

responsible

timing

result

Organizing and holding subbotniks.

head teacher

S. V. Ignatenko

April

Clean area of ​​the school yard

Studying the opinion of the teaching staff

head teacher

S. V. Ignatenko

April for a meeting with the director

landscaping project

Appeal to parents for assistance in the delivery of land for planting flowers and vegetables

head teacher

April-beginning of May

Earth

Creation of flower beds on the school grounds

class teachers

May June

flower beds

Creation of a flower bed and its landscaping (“triangular” at the first entrance of 2 buildings)

Zaitseva T.N. class head of the 3rd grade

May June

blooming flower bed

Creating a flower bed "alpine hill" at the gazebo

L.G. Nikolaenko, 2nd grade

May June

blooming flower bed

Creation of a flower bed ("long" near the wall of the school)

E.V. Golub

May June

blooming flower bed

pipe decoration

Golub E.V., 6th grade

May June

heat pipe decoration

Creating a flower bed (near the gazebo), planting a loach near the gazebo

Yu.I. Borovikova, 10th grade

May June

blooming flower bed

planting flowers in a flower bed (opposite the boiler room)

N.I. Slyusar, Grade 8

May June

blooming flower bed

flowerbed design (large near the second building)

T.P. Naydenova, 9th grade; O.A. Masliy, 7th grade

May June

flower bed

Breaking down a flower bed (to the left of the entrance to the school)

E.N. Chervonnaya, 4th grade

May June

flower bed

Planting flowers on a flower bed "sun" and in 3 wheels

L.A. Sorokina, 5th grade

May June

flower bed blooming

uprooting shrubs, pruning trees

supply manager S.A. Pavlenko, worker A.V. Slyusar

May

Watering and care in June, July and August. Creating a decorative design

MT

June August

Well maintained arboretum, flower garden and vegetable garden.

competition for the best flower bed class

class teachers

May-August

decorating the school grounds

Summing up the results of the competition "Original Flowerbed"

Administration, members of the CC, MOP

Aug. Sept

garden care

MT

June August

well-kept garden

Creation of a "rural corner" near the boiler house

N.I. Slyusar

May June

"corner"

Saturday in the spring of 2012

The result was blooming flower beds

flowerbed grade 5 Collective work grades 8, 10

11th grade design 7th grade design

Passing through a heat pipe

Flowerbed 4 classes

Training and experimental site

school garden

Quantitative and qualitative analysis

Arboretum - a site where in open field various types of trees and shrubs are cultivated. When creating the arboretum, we made sure that its arrangement was rational, comfortable, contributed to the development of aesthetic taste in students, and helped in the study of biology and other disciplines. The arboretum in our school was created in 2009, it is located in front of the school and performs a decorative function. Seedlings of various trees and shrubs were used to decorate the school territory. The seedlings were presented by AKDEC. Young mountain ash, elderberry were planted in such a way that they looked attractive in April - June, in autumn period attracted by the color of the leaves.

To date, the arboretum presents trees and shrubs of the local fauna:

Ussuri pear

Siberian apple tree

Apple tree varietal

Willow brittle

Manchurian walnut

Pedunculate oak

Siberian rowan

Lilac Hungarian

Sea ​​buckthorn

Elder

Cherry shrub

Honeysuckle

Sea ​​buckthorn

Chubushnik broad-leaved

Currant

Snowberry

The arboretum is dominated by trees of the 1st class of vitality (healthy trees) - 97%, 2nd class of vitality (weakened, damaged) - 3%.

A beautiful dress starts with a pattern, and beautiful site from a sketch drawn on a piece of paper. Particular attention is paid to the design of flower beds. Plants are selected in such a way that flowering continues throughout the summer and autumn. Our flower garden presents a collection of annual and perennial flower - ornamental plants. In our flower garden grow: aukaria, daylily, petunia, purslane, nasturtium, aster, valerian, chamomile, cornflower, girlish grapes, fragrant morning glory, viola, iberis, pelargonium, tailed ageratum, amaryllis, annual dahlia, tagetes low, ornamental cabbage, calendula , red lenok, white lenok, lavatera, zinnia, euphorbia, oxalis, phlox, godetia, antirhynium, decorative chamomile, mallow, ciniraria, comb cellosia.

Work to maintain the sanitary condition of the arboretum and flower garden is carried out at technology lessons, subbotniks and summer work practice. At the lessons of technology, autumn and spring loosening of the soil, harrowing, spring pruning. Students maintain a general order, take care of the vegetation, observe the condition of the plants. The main activity of students in the flower garden is growing seedlings, laying out flower beds, planting seedlings and sowing seeds. In the autumn period - the collection of seeds, their drying and sorting.

Conclusion

To create a single complex where one could realize all one's abilities, requests, interests, an ideal model of a small world of flowers - that was the intention of the author of this work. The yard for us is a world where everyone feels comfortable, has ample opportunities for self-realization for the benefit of themselves and others, gaining experience of creative success in life. Thus, our school yard is a universal tool that simultaneously performs a number of functions: cognitive, developing, spiritual and moral, the function of social hardening, civic development of the personality, the function of designing one's own activity. A holistic perception of nature, namely such a perception is developed by the school territory, opens the way to a new worldview, awareness of the role and place of one's "I".

The School Yard Improvement project is one of the effective mechanisms for creating a positive image of the school. Many graduates of our school left kind words dedicated to the school:

Issue of 1977

Mashinets Sergey, Barnaul: “School! Dear! Hello! I returned to youth, youth! Thank you! Good luck, perseverance, wisdom! Thanks!"

Bondarenko S.V., Balashikha: “I am very, very happy for the school! We must continue to go on!”

Issue of 1991

Dvornikova Zoya (Fanina), p. Underhuman: " Thanks a lot for innovation!

Issue of 1976

Anisimova GV., Barnaul: "Further prosperity!"

An image cannot be bought, it can only be created, and then the image will work for the school.

Literature:

1. Danilenko L.V. Image of an educational institution // Handbook of the head of an educational institution, No. 1, 2003.

   Piskunov M.S. Image of an educational institution: structure and mechanisms of formation // Monitoring and standards in education, No. 5, 1999.

   Pocheptsov G.G. Imageology. Moscow: Refl-book, 2002.