School landscaping project. Landscaping of school territories

Little Christina

The theater begins with the wardrobe, and the school with the school yard, because the yard is the face of the school.

Download:

Preview:

School scientific and practical conference

Landscaping

schools.

Work completed

Little Christina studying

9 b class MBOU secondary school Ust-Uda

Supervisor:

Malenkih Alexander Gennadievich, teacher of technology, drawing

year 2012

Research

Little Christina

Irkutsk region, Ust - Udinsky district

Municipal budgetary educational institution

average comprehensive school Ust-Uda

annotation

"The theater begins with the wardrobe, and the school with the school yard, because the yard is the face of the school." From this we concluded that the appearance of our school is not entirely aesthetic, and this is what instills in children a taste, a perception of beauty.

Working on the project, we hope to improve the appearance personal plot which helps to increase the interest of the villagers in school life. This is the first reason why we chose this topic. Secondly, original design at school site will cheer up students, teachers and school staff, which, in our opinion, should improve the quality of education, because the mood with which adults and children come to school depends on how they will work. And finally, thirdly, while working on the project, we hope to learn a lot of interesting and useful things that can be useful to us in the future for successful socialization in society.

The school is our common home, because most of the time we spend in the school that we love and want to see it beautiful not only from the inside, but also from the outside.

Having identified the relevance of this problem for the school, setting goals and objectives to be solved in the course of this project, then we decided to put our plans into practice. During the development of this stage, we not only analyzed the collected information, but also calculated how to get this problem off the ground. We outlined a program of action for ourselves.

2. Reconstruction of the sports ground - 1 - 2 years.

Research

"Improvement of the school territory"

Little Christina

Municipal budgetary educational institution

secondary school in Ust-Uda

Study plan

Problems that we saw during the study of the project:

1. The school yard is in poor condition.

2. The flower garden is practically not decorated.

3. The sports ground is in a deplorable state.

Project Goals - organizing and conducting events for the improvement of the territory of the yard for the purposes of aesthetic and practical school facade. Schoolchildren have a low level of environmental activity.

Project objectives:

• The formation of an active life position in children, to be indifferent to the fate of their small homeland.
• Attracting young people to participate in labor activities.
• To form an active civic position in the younger generation.
• To promote the moral, aesthetic and labor education of schoolchildren.
• Involve children in the search for mechanisms for solving urgent problems of the local community through the development and implementation of socially significant projects.
• To form a sense of personal responsibility for the state of the environment.
• Transform and improve the school grounds.

Research

"School landscaping"

Little Christina

Irkutsk region, Ust-Udinsky district

Municipal budgetary educational institution

secondary school in Ust-Uda

Research Article

Playground

Over the past decades, there has been a negative trend in the decline in the level of health of children, adolescents and young people in our country.

Increasing attention to the physical culture of schoolchildren has a positive effect not only on the physical, but also on the social health of the younger generation: the state of health improves, the level of fatigue and fatigue decreases, and the possibility of professional growth increases. Physical culture has the significance that motor needs have become a necessity that activates many other vital important needs students. Here, as in culture as a whole, the process of mastering new values ​​by the individual, developing attitudes, value orientations, and social needs on this basis is unfolding. And, as you know, it is the social needs of people that ultimately determine this or that way of life.

A decisive breakthrough in this regard is prevented by the poor material security of our school with sports equipment.

Reconstruction of the sports ground will be a good link in achieving sports results, will provide an opportunity to maintain health during the period of study at school, form necessary knowledge, skills in a healthy lifestyle, will enable schoolchildren and young people to realize their needs in their favorite sport at any time of the year.

After consulting with physical education teachers, and based on the territory, we took into account the minimum number of necessary sports facilities for physical education lessons and extracurricular sports activities, as well as for organizing leisure activities for school students. An integrated sports ground should include the following components:

• Volleyball Court;
• obstacle course;
• gymnastic town;
• basketball playground;
• football field

School grounds design

At the first stage of work on landscaping the school territory:

1. We study the places for the location of flower beds

2. We also study the level of illumination

3. We make the necessary measurements

Taking into account the specifics of the object, in order to develop students' aesthetic perception of nature, put into practice the acquired knowledge in biology, geography and other subjects, in the design landscape design school grounds to create flower beds.

When creating flower arrangements, you should strive to ensure that the plants bloom all the warm season.

To do this, you need to combine plants with different flowering periods, which will replace each other, or sow a flower garden with long flowering plants.

For a flower garden, plants are selected with approximately the same requirements for soil conditions, moisture and light conditions.

Well-marked, even underlined borders give a neat finished look to the flower garden. For this, a variety of techniques and materials can be used.

Traditionally, medium-sized natural stones are laid out along the edges, low, stone, ceramic, wooden or plastic borders, glass bottles or simply plastic ribbons specially designed for flower beds are set up.

The filling along the edge of a narrow strip of colored gravel looks good (river or small sea pebbles look better, crushed limestone or granite looks worse). You can simply trim the edges of the sod evenly.

Preparation for the implementation of the landscaping project includes competitions among school students for the best flower bed and the best decorative crafts to decorate the garden, making garden decorations, creating a flower garden design plan, collecting seeds and planting material from the population, growing seedlings.

Implementation of a landscaping project: creating flower beds and borders, planting seeds and seedlings of flowers, transplanting perennials, placing garden decorations on the site, caring for flowers during the summer.

The project for the decorated design of a flower garden is economically beneficial, since minimal costs are required for its implementation.

Research

"School landscaping"

Little Christina

Irkutsk region, Ust-Udinsky district

Municipal budgetary educational institution

secondary school in Ust-Uda

Rationale for the relevance of the project

It is not easy to teach a person to think not only about himself, but also about the world around him, this problem is especially relevant for teenagers in our school. Conservation and protection of nature allows teenagers to feel their importance, maturity, to feel their ability to do important, useful things, to really see the results of their activities, to bring joy to others, to create beauty.

We chose this problem because:

The school yard is in poor condition;

The school site is not landscaped enough;

There is no play area on the school site;

The sports ground is not up to the mark;

Schoolchildren have a low level of environmental activity.

We believe that the project will help students express themselves, gain confidence.

Thus, the project for the improvement of the school territory was born.

In order to correctly assess the situation, we examined it from different angles: ecological, biological, social.

One of negative factors are also the deterioration in the health of children, the growth bad habits, useless pastime of teenagers, which can lead to negative consequences.

There are social and environmental problems: dustiness, gas contamination air environment, a low level of environmental activity among schoolchildren and residents of the microdistrict, a low cultural level of communication with nature.

The project will help children express themselves, gain confidence in own forces, improve the school yard, take part in the life of the school. Therefore, the active life position of children is now important for the future, for successful socialization in society. The project serves to solve this problem.

Features of flower plants

You need to think about how the flower garden will be perceived from different points. Some flower arrangements are arranged in a vertical plane. The distance from the path to the flower bed should be twice the height of the largest plant. Other compositions are arranged in a horizontal plane. Here the most showy plants should be planted at a distance of 50-60 to 250 cm from the point of perception.

When creating flower arrangements, you should strive to ensure that the plants bloom all the warm season. To do this, you can combine plants with different flowering periods, which will replace each other, or plant a flower garden with long-flowering plants.

The most important information about biological features plants that we are going to use: relation to light and moisture, life span, time of flowering and preservation of green parts of the plant (vegetation period), maximum size in adulthood, biological compatibility with other plants, growth rate - avoid using aggressive plants, especially in relatively small flower beds. In any case, plants are selected for the flower garden with approximately the same requirements for soil conditions, moisture and lighting conditions.

Rules for organizing a flower garden. Tall plants are planted in the background, lower ones in the foreground. A good flower garden should have at least three conditional rows and three levels. The tallest and largest plants are planted in two unequal groups along the diagonal of the flower bed at its opposite edges. The remaining free space in the foreground is filled with undersized or ground cover plants, in the background with taller ones that form the background. Early spring perennials are planted so that in summer they are not visible behind other, later growing flowers. In place of faded bulbs, you can plant seedlings of letniki.

Breakdown of a flower garden on the ground. The layout of the flower garden on the ground begins with the designation of its boundaries. To do this, pegs are hammered along the contour of the flower garden, and a cord is pulled over them, the sod inside the contour is removed, and the remaining roots are selected. The soil is dug up by about 30 cm, large clods are crushed.

If the soil is heavy clay, compost or good humus, sand, peat, a little ash or bone meal are added to it; if the soil is sandy or sandy, add peat, compost and, if necessary, loam. An earthen cushion is formed from the soil mixture, rising 10 cm above the level of the turf (a kind of bed). The soil mixture is leveled and compacted.

After the soil cushion is formed, they proceed to the breakdown of plantings. A sharp peg on the surface of the flower bed outlines the boundaries of the placement of a particular culture, the transitions between which should be smooth.

Borders. Well-marked, even underlined borders give a neat, finished look to the flower garden. For this, a variety of techniques and materials can be used. Traditionally, medium-sized natural stones are laid out along the edge, low stone, ceramic, wooden or plastic borders specially designed for flower beds, or simply plastic ribbons, are put up. The filling along the edge of a narrow strip of colored sand or gravel looks good (river or small sea pebbles look better, crushed limestone or granite looks worse).

Spring work on the school site, regardless of whether we are going to arrange flower beds on our own or with the help of specialists, you need to know some rules: the area reserved for flower beds should be thoroughly cleaned of debris. No burials; before processing the site, uproot unnecessary trees and shrubs, cure those that remain, fill the tree trunks with organic and mineral fertilizers

current care. Flower beds must be watered. You can verify the need for moisture by tasting the earth with a scoop. If the soil is dry at a depth of 5 cm, it needs watering. In autumn, leaves that have fallen on the flower garden are removed. Plants sensitive to low temperatures are covered with heat-insulating material for the winter.

Diagnostic survey among school students

1. Do you think that the reconstruction of the sports ground is necessary?

Yes - 91%

No - 0%

Don't know - 9%

1. Do you agree that the reconstruction of the sports ground will help improve your health?

Yes - 72%

No - 8%

Don't know - 20%

1. Would you like to transform the school yard?

Yes - 79%

No - 8%

Don't know - 13%

1. Would you like to participate in the transformation of the school yard?

Yes - 50%

No - 21%

Don't know - 29%

Questioning of students showed that the majority of schoolchildren consider it necessary to reconstruct the school sports ground on the territory of the school. Also, more than half of the students agree that the sports ground will help improve their health. More than seventy percent of schoolchildren would like to transform the school grounds and about fifty percent of students would like to participate directly in this.

findings

Having proposed an idea for the improvement of the school territory, we are striving to call on the school administration, together with students and teachers, to bring this project to life. Calculating the approximate cost of the project, its implementation will require at least 100 thousand rubles. The cost of a sports ground is on average from 60 to 80 thousand rubles, and the design of the school territory, as mentioned above, requires minimal material costs. Since it is planned to create flower beds and flower beds on the territory, the costs will be directed only to seedlings and seeds, and the design can be made from natural materials.

The purpose of the project Delimitation of zones of the school territory in order to create the most favorable environmental conditions and create conditions for rest and play for elementary school students.

The objectives of the project are to draw the attention of students to solving urgent problems of the school. - to form in students a sense of responsibility for the school, the ability to implement concrete steps to improve and improve the school and its territory.

To form in each participant of the pedagogical process an internal need for the protection and enhancement of natural resources, the creation and maintenance of beauty around him, the development of an aesthetic and emotional attitude to nature; - involvement of teachers, school students and parents in improving the aesthetic design of the school. - student education practical ways and methods of landscaping, the introduction of modern achievements in the field of landscape design;

Hypothesis To feel their importance, adulthood, their ability to do important, useful things, really see the results of their activities, bring joy to others, create beauty with their own hands, the work on the improvement of the territory of the school site will help the students of our school.

Do you think that the reconstruction of the school playground is necessary?

Do you agree that the sports ground will help improve your health?

Would you like to transform the school yard?

Would you like to participate in the transformation of the school grounds?

school plan

Thank you for your attention!

PROJECT

landscaping and beautification of the school territory

My small homeland

Over the past few years, activities have been launched in our country to create and implement various social projects. This is not only done by the authorities, but also public organizations and private individuals.

One of these projects is the improvement of the school territory "My small homeland", created in our school by the students themselves and their teachers. A creative approach to the idea is the most important aspect in such a project, therefore, when creating it, students and teachers showed all their invention, imagination and originality of thinking. Work on such a project affected not only the school building itself, but also the territory adjacent to it (sports ground, school yard, paths, school flower beds). In the process of working on the project, we realized that the improvement of the school territory is necessary both to create an attractive appearance and to maintain the reputation of the educational institution.

The main goal of the project for the improvement of our school territory is the division of the site into certain zones and the creation of certain boundaries. Visually, this became noticeable, because we gave them shape with the help of design solutions. For example, we divided the school annex and the educational and experimental site with the help of a curb and granotsow path.

Now there are many benches in the school yard, its territory is decorated beautiful flower beds. And on one of the zones there is an ecological path with many types of medicinal plants.

The sports field is main part school grounds where students spend a lot of time. Therefore, the compact placement of all objects on it (treadmills, volleyball or basketball courts, wall bars) is very important and necessary element in landscaping. In the plans for the implementation of this project, we have to improve the sports ground, create play areas on the territory of the school, which are a place of recreation and entertainment. In such areas, it is planned to install gazebos, slides, labyrinths.

Professionally performed work on the implementation of this project will lead to the fact that the school will become a modern and attractive educational institution. Taking care of the school territory requires constant attention and accuracy, so the school staff will make every effort to preserve all the beauty that they created themselves.

Selection and justification of the project topic

The territory of our school is vast and diverse. In addition to the school building, the building of the school gas boiler house, a warehouse, and a water heater are located here. The school grounds are adjacent to the school. In the kindergarten "Tulip" from the end there is a school canteen. Therefore, the zoning of the territory and the delimitation of zones, the improvement of these zones becomes especially relevant. The facade of the school overlooks the site.

The landscaping and landscaping campaign traditionally takes place at the school every year in four stages. It involves students in grades 1-9.

The first stage - February-March:

* students develop projects for the improvement of the school territory,

landscaping and rational use school area;

* student projects are defended.

The second stage - April-May:

* preparation of planting material - seeds of vegetables and flowers;

* growing seedlings;

* preparation of inventory;

*spring tillage;

* work on the improvement of the school territory and the area adjacent to it,

fence repair; pruning shrubs;

*spring planting (implementation of projects);

* laying experiments.

The third stage - June-August:

* care for plantings in the school area: watering, weeding;

*experimental work;

*systematic harvesting and its implementation.

The fourth stage - September-October:

* harvesting and its implementation; seed collection;

*autumn processing soil;

* autumn planting of bulbous;

* summarizing the experimental work, preparing reports;

* Harvest Festival, an exhibition of gifts of nature, flowers, handicrafts from natural materials

rial; Winner's reward ceremony.

Goals and objectives of the project:

creation of an aesthetically and environmentally attractive space near the school;

the most rational use of school territory in educational process and economic activities of the school;

improvement of the ecological situation in the school and on the territory adjacent to it due to green spaces and flowers;

education of diligence, love for one's school, respect for nature;

development of research activities of schoolchildren;

development creativity students;

formation of healthy lifestyle habits.

Every year the school prepares for a new academic year. In the summer of 2010, a partial improvement of the courtyard of the school was completed, a gazebo was built, partly a playground.

In 2010 - 11 academic years. It is planned to allocate several zones for the year:

1st zone- game

* aesthetic design of the school yard.
* a playground for schoolchildren to play volleyball, basketball.

2nd zone - flower corner(school yard);

3rd zone– green zone (the end of the school near the kindergarten "Tulip");

4th zone – educational and experienced(school area).

Sketch No. 1 Playroom "Landscaping and landscaping of the zone"

This site is located from the main entrance to the school. Along the perimeter of the site, old trees and shrubs were culled and cut down.

In 2010, it is planned here:

1. Arrangement of the playing area: sports ground and playground.

(Installation of basketball backboards, football goals, volleyball net posts, painting of the fence separating the playing area from the training and experimental area.)

2.Construction of small forms: gazebos, Alpine slide. 3. Planting shrubs and trees along the perimeter of the school along the fence (instead of those culled).

Expected results:

1.Improvement of the ecological situation in the school and in the territories adjacent to it.

2. There will be an opportunity to conduct physical education lessons at your own sports ground.

3. Conditions will be created for students to play and relax.

For the implementation of this part of the project, planting material will be required:

trees: maples (ash-trees, lindens) - 10 pieces;

ornamental shrubs: Japanese spirea or stone-leaved, mock orange, snowberry (rosehip) - 50 pcs.

Design solution for the design of the gazebo.
The gazebo is a romantic place to relax on the site. The atmosphere reigning in it can be transformed in an amazing way. In the circle of friends here is fun and noisy. In solitude, with a book - quietly and calmly. The gazebo is one of the most popular buildings on the site. It is pleasant to hide from the sun on a hot day, hide from the rain, enjoy the special, lyrical mood of nature. The gazebo is a place for children to play. And on our school site there is a place where you can install a gazebo. So several solutions were proposed, and we chose the most optimal, not expensive project. "Green" gazebo, woven from willow trunks. A beautiful panorama will open from the gazebo, and it will look advantageous, it will attract attention.

The gazebo becomes the main decorative and most functional element on the site.

Fence painting.

Sketch No. 2 Flower corner "Beautification of the zone"

The courtyard part of the school territory has an area of ​​more than 100 sq.m. To create coziness and improve the environmental situation in the school, zones with annual and perennial bright flowers will be arranged along the perimeter of the back of the building.

Expected results:

1. The sanitary and hygienic situation at the school and in the surrounding area will improve. The aesthetic appearance of the school yard will improve.

2. There will be an opportunity to conduct classes on the study of fauna and flora at biology lessons.

To complete this part of the project, planting and sowing material will be required:

pansies (viola) - 4 packages;

host - 1 package;

aster (undersized varieties "Baby", "Dwarf Royal") - 5 packages;

marigolds (undersized terry and non-terry varieties) - 5 packages;

Chinese cloves, Turkish cloves - 2 packets;

calendula (undersized varieties) - 4 packets;

nasturtium - 5 packages;

primrose (primrose) - 2 packets.

Sketch No. 3 "Landscaping and landscaping - green zone"

The green zone at the end of the school is a place of rest and games for children not only from our school, but also from nearby streets. The poplars near the school from the side of the Tulip kindergarten were planted many years ago, they have lost their aesthetic appearance, lost their attractiveness, they shade the windows of the school, as a result of which the light regime in the classrooms is disturbed. Therefore, we cut down some of them, and in spring and autumn of 2010-2011 we plan to plant ornamental shrubs in their place. A view of the school building will open, and the sanitary and hygienic situation in the classrooms will improve.

Expected results of the project:

1. Creation of the most favorable sanitary and hygienic conditions for education, games and recreation of children.

2. Improving the aesthetic appearance of the school grounds.

3. The use of shrubs and trees of the green zone as visual material for studying the flora of the native land.

4. Elimination of the focus of increased danger to the life and health of students.

To implement the project, you need:

decorative trees:

lindens, maples - 15 pieces;

coniferous (pine, larch) -5 pieces;

ornamental shrubs:

snowberry - 20 pieces;

spirea - 20 pieces;

rosehip - 10 pieces;

mock orange - 5 pieces.

Sketch No. 4 "Landscaping and landscaping of the zone - the school site"

The school educational and experimental site is the material base for teaching biology. It makes it possible to establish a connection between theory and practice and is intended for conducting theoretical and practical classes, organizing socially useful and productive labor, experimental, environmental work, and environmental education of students.

The educational and experimental site of the school with an area of ​​19 acres is a plot open ground divided into eight sectors. Each sector corresponds to a specific department: field, collection, flower and decorative, fruit and berry, vegetable, systematic, arboretum and elementary school department.

We plan to plant additional fruit trees and shrubs, lay out new flower beds and flower beds.

In 2010-11 it is planned:

1. Fence repair.

2. Development of abandoned and previously unused lands.

3. Re-planning of the site.

4. Establishment of a small production department for growing vegetables for the school canteen.

5. Planting additional trees and shrubs in the dendrological department, fruit trees and berry bushes.

6. Breakdown of flower beds, flower garden-pharmacy.

Expected results:

1. It will be possible to use large areas for organizing departments of the school site.

2. The most rational use of the area of ​​the site.

3. The ecological situation and the sanitary and hygienic condition of the school territory will improve.

4. It will be possible to use flora as a visual material in educational and extracurricular activities.

5. Flower beds and ornamental shrubs with early spring until late autumn will please the eye.

6. Protection of health and life of students.

To complete this part of the project, you will need:

for a flower garden-pharmacy: wild rose - 10 pcs.

badan -1 pack.

elecampane -1 pack.

young - 5 outlets

hyssop -2 pack.

yarrow-1 pack.

for super flower bed, mixborders:

Japanese quince - 5 pcs.

panicled phlox - 2 pack.

rudbeckia - 2 pack.

aquilegia -2 pack.

astilba - 1 pack.

Canadian goldenrod - 1 pack.

bought - 2 pack.

garden chamomile - 2 pack.

young - 5 outlets

nasturtium - 2 pack.

calendula - 7 pack.

balsam - 2 pack.

fragrant tobacco - 2 pack.

mattiola - 5 pack.

alyssum - 3 pack.

daisies - 3 pack.

morning glory - 4 pack.

decorative sunflower - 2 pack.

dendrological department:

larch - 5 pcs.

A fairly large area is allocated for the school site - up to 1-1.5 hectares. On the site, sports grounds for outdoor games, a site for experimental work with vegetables, grain (industrial) and flower crops should be provided. Often, an orchard is planted at the school. A small area should be set aside for the household yard. The rest of the area is allocated for landscaping.

When drawing up a landscaping project, the entire school site should look like a single whole. The layout project is usually drawn up under the guidance of a landscape architect, taking into account the characteristics of school life.

Because there are different standard projects secondary school buildings, it is necessary to choose a suitable project for the organization and landscaping of the school site. In cases where the school territory has some deviations from the norm in the size and configuration of the site, the school management and the biology teacher have to take this into account when planning the school site and distributing the forces of students and teachers.

When drawing up a landscaping project, it is desirable to use various types of decoration - sculptures, garden benches, flower vases, retaining walls, stone stairs and fences, fountains and ponds, which in themselves adorn the landscaped area.

It should be remembered: it is not necessary to unnecessarily crush the landscaped area with many paths. Tracks must be functionally justified. Free-growing groups of trees, shrubs and flowers are combined with clipped rows of hedges, fences, paths and ponds. This combination of free and strict forms makes it possible to find interesting solution separate fragments area and give it a unique beauty.

Plants must be placed in a certain order so that their presence is architecturally justified. Random placement of trees, shrubs and flowers is undesirable. When choosing plants, it is necessary to imagine how they will change in the process of growth: the trees will take on their inherent shape, and the shrubs will grow to the sides.

Given these features, it is necessary to place them in groups.

On the school site, it is desirable to use beautifully flowering plants and species with decorative fruits and leaves. When placing plants, it is necessary to take into account their height, shape, color of flowers and leaves, and flowering time, selecting breeds so that some ornamental plants are replaced by others during the season. It is advisable to use some fruit breeds(apple trees of Nedzvedsky, Komsomolskaya Pravda, Siberian taiga, plum-leaved, Ussuri pear, etc.), which in spring delight with their abundant and colorful flowering, and in autumn with bright fruits.

Coniferous trees are decorative all year round. They are very beautiful near the walls of the school and in a solitary (single) landing on the lawn. Spruce, pine, it is advisable to plant in windbreaks on the north side of the site.

A hedge encloses the school from the side of the carriageway of the street, as well as the utility yard, sports grounds and experimental plots. Beautiful hedges of a natural form are obtained from flowering shrubs - lilac, mock orange (jasmine), wild rose, spirea, honeysuckle, hawthorn.

Do not overload areas with trees and shrubs. Much better when they are viewed against the green background of the lawn. Trees are placed in groups different sizes, shrubs - in the form of edges to trees, in groups and singly.

For vertical design school buildings, fences, arbors, pergolas and arches use a variety of decorative leafy and beautifully flowering climbing and climbing plants.

Flower beds are arranged in front of the school building, along the paths and in the form of groups of different sizes and shapes on the lawn. If the facade of the school is facing north, then the bulk of the flowers are placed on the south side of the building. It is recommended to introduce small groups of beautifully flowering shrubs or sheared garden forms of conifers (pyramidal, spherical, columnar) into perennial flower beds.

Usually, school sites are fenced off (wooden, stone, brick, metal mesh). In that part of the fence where the road adjoins the oncol, arrange hedge from trees and shrubs to trap dust and reduce noise. The remaining sides of the fence should not be planted tall trees, except for those cases when the site offers an unsightly view. If the school is located near landscaped areas of residential areas or urban landscaping, it is advisable to plant the fence with climbing plants or shrubs, without enclosing it with a solid green hedge.

Landscaping work begins with the vertical layout of the plots. In accordance with the given conditions, the territory is leveled and the starting points of the project are transferred to the area. The starting points can be geodetic benchmarks, corners of buildings, pillars or other permanent objects, from which the distances and directions to the main points of the green area plan are indicated. In case of complex planning of the landscaped area, the working drawings should include a grid of squares with sides from 2 to 10 m, which is tied to the main planning axis.

The most sensible, enterprising children who are interested in architectural and planning work should be involved in the planning of the school site. Teachers of geography, mathematics, as well as class teachers. This work should not be organized frontally, it should be entrusted to a pre-organized link, group or consolidated detachment.

Work on the creation of each of the landscaping objects begins with the construction of access roads, garden paths and playgrounds. Then they plant trees and shrubs, create lawns and plant flower plants. We will consider the creation and maintenance of each of these landscaping elements separately.

Introduction

1. Purpose of the object

6. Features of landscaping

7. Territory balance

8. Landing list

Conclusion

Introduction

In recent years, there has been a positive trend of an integrated approach to solving the landscape design of school institutions. The main task of landscape design is to organize the space in accordance with functional, environmental and aesthetic requirements, create its vivid artistic image and evoke it in the surrounding people. positive emotions.

In our country, for school educational institutions, equipment is produced developed by specialists in the physical development of children in collaboration with hygienists, teachers, engineers, designers and architects.

A lot of useful and original things can be seen today at educational institutions of various regions of our region and city. And this is a great merit of the city administration, which pays great attention to improving the improvement of both the city and the territories of educational institutions.

When solving the issues of planning and improvement of school institutions, much attention is paid to landscaping.

Green spaces affect the microclimate and are of great sanitary and hygienic importance, which is as follows:

they have a positive effect on temperature regime internal spaces;

directly protect the building of the school institution, gazebos, sheds and areas of the territory from excessive insolation;

protect from strong winds;

have a beneficial effect on the child's body as a whole and, in particular, on his nervous system;

make it possible to organize children's recreation directly on the territory of the school institution.

Vegetation can be used in architectural and planning solutions.

Using the example of a term paper, I would like to offer my options for landscaping and landscaping the territory of a school institution.

The purpose of this project is to develop a project for landscaping and beautification of the school territory in accordance with the design standards and rules, to meet the social and functional needs of children, their physical and mental development, while trying to preserve the landscape and natural integrity of the territory.

1. Purpose of the object

The object of improvement considered in this course work is the territory of a school located in the village of Maryina Roshcha, not far from Gelendzhik. The site is intended for physical education classes for students, conducting experiments in natural disciplines, holding school assemblies and events, as well as a place for students to relax during their free time from lessons. Therefore, on the site of the school, in addition to the main building, training and sports areas with appropriate equipment are usually placed. The list of structures and landscaping objects on the school site and their dimensions are given below:

In addition to the listed elements of the educational and sports zones on the school site, among ornamental plants place rest areas. In some cases, when the size of the school site is insufficient, some elements of the zones have to be excluded.

The area of ​​plots for schools corresponds to the capacity of the latter: if the school has a capacity of 640 places, it is allocated a plot of 2 hectares, 960 places - 2.8, 1280-3, 1600-3.4 hectares. In this course project, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe entire site is the school is 1.8 hectares, the projected fragment of the territory is 7700 m 2

One of decisive factors landscaping are natural and climatic. These conditions determine the specifics of landscaping and special requirements for creating comfortable conditions for people's life.

According to climatic characteristics, Gelendzhik belongs to the zone of dry subtropics of the Mediterranean type. It is characterized by dry, hot summers and warm, wet winters. Since ancient times, the climate of the area was determined by the magnitude of the slope of the sun's rays above the earth's surface (clima in Greek means slope). In this regard, Gelendzhik is located in favorable conditions - between 44 and 45 degrees northern latitude. The Caucasus Mountains protect it from the northern cold air masses. The Black Sea softens the summer heat, and in winter, on the contrary, gives off the heat accumulated over the summer to the coast.

The average annual air temperature in Gelendzhik is +13.7, Kabardinka +12.9, on Thin Cape +13.3 degrees Celsius. On the plain, negative temperatures in winter occur most often at night and during the northeast. And temperatures below 10 degrees are extremely rare. Table 1 shows the average monthly temperatures (in degrees Celsius) in some settlements.

Table 1 - Average monthly temperature (in degrees Celsius

mesyatsyZaIIIIIIShIIVIVVVIVVIIVVShIIHHHHHIHHIIgodAnapa12,116,250,410,115,620,023,423,217,212,572,431,411,9Kabardinka33,127,750,410,115,720,224,323,519,515,395,851,812,6Tonky mys32,948,060,810,816,020,224,023,819,915,195,461,113,3Gelendzhik55,245,870,611,717,219,924,124,019,315,485,871,013,7Tuapse44,347,670,611,316,220,123,023,419,615,610,261,613,5Sochi-tsentr68,064,080,011,516,120,122,923,119,815,911,881,414,1

The duration of sunshine in Gelendzhik is 2374 hours per year with a maximum in July and August. On average there are 250 sunny days. Cloudiness is small. In summer it is 30%.

The amount of precipitation in Gelendzhik does not exceed 796 mm per year, and on its northwestern outskirts, on Thin Cape - 598. In the coastal strip, with advancement to the southeast, the amount of precipitation increases to 1000 mm (Arkhipo-Osipovka). Moreover, precipitation everywhere falls unevenly throughout the year. Their maximum falls on November-February. Moreover, this precipitation falls mainly in the form of rain. Snow on the plain is rare and does not last long - from 1-2 hours to 2-3 days. In the summer, precipitation falls extremely irregularly and their duration is short. In some years, there may be no rain at all for several months. The average relative humidity reaches its highest value - 75% in May, in the summer months - only 62-69% (compare: in Sochi - 78%). This is an important element of the climate. The lower the relative humidity of the air, the easier the summer heat is tolerated. The spur of the Siberian anticyclone creates stable northeast winds over the Black Sea - the famous Black Sea north-east winds. They are strongest in winter. During the north-east, the wind speed can reach 40 m/sec, and the air temperature sometimes drops to 15 degrees below zero.

On the sea coasts, where there are river valleys, gorges, foehns are formed - warm, dry winds blowing from the mountains. Such winds usually operate in spring, sometimes in autumn and winter.

The soil on the territory of the projected object is sand and gravel.

More than half of the sandy soil consists of sand particles smaller than 5 mm in size, the shape of which is close to spherical. The space between individual grains of sand is called pores, they are filled with water and air. Unlike clay<#"center">2. Rationale for the choice of the designed solution

The main trend in the development of areas of secondary schools in the near future is a significant improvement in planning, equipping with universal types of lightweight modern equipment, landscaping and territory design.

The main requirement in creating the aesthetic appearance of the site is not an increase in objects, but a comprehensive design, i.e. creation of uniform equipment in style, aesthetic integrity of the environment.

When deciding on the architectural planning of the zone of a school educational institution, I chose mixed style landscape design based on a combination of regular and landscape styles.

Of all the styles of landscaping, regular is rightfully considered the most conservative. The basic principle of a regular style in landscape design is order and regularity in everything. All lines are geometrically correct, its paths are usually straight, and if not, then the lines of their bends are drawn on the plan using a compass. This style is used where they want to emphasize the impact of man on nature, to bring a sense of order, rigor and solemnity into the composition.

As for the layout itself, it must be strictly geometric, where the building is the axis of symmetry. The main feature is its isolation from the surrounding nature, so the random arrangement of garden elements is unacceptable.

It is difficult to imagine a regular style of landscape design without topiary figures. Many trees and shrubs (both deciduous and coniferous) lend themselves to topiary haircuts; Topiaries are given a variety of shapes (ball, cube, pyramid, cone, spiral).

From plants for regular gardens choose evergreen species that remain decorative throughout the year. Arches often twine lianas and climbing plants <#"justify">landscaping microclimate school planting

3. Description of the road and path network

One of the most important elements of improvement is the covering of paths and grounds, as they play an important role in decorative design landscaped area.

In this regard, when choosing the type of coating, in addition to taking into account such indicators as reliability in operation, ease of installation and sanitary and hygienic characteristics, it is necessary to pay attention to decorative properties road clothes.

The road and path network in school institutions is basically not much different from the rest of the coverage of urban areas. The exception is children's playgrounds and sports facilities, where it is desirable to use a green lawn or new modern soft and environmentally friendly surfaces.

In this work, I used the following paving methods:

Paving on concrete. These are the most durable paths and platforms. This type of paving is used on the pavement around buildings and recreation areas, as well as on the site for school-wide events;

synthetic coatings used on sports fields;

Gravel paths and platforms are usually arranged in places of recreation and walks. Such paving needs periodic repairs, adding gravel or screenings, however, due to the contrast of textures, gravel paths give the park a special charm. So that gravel or screenings do not crumble to the sides, do not fall on the lawn, in flower beds, in a pond, curbs can be installed.

The installation of borders gives the paving more strength, prevents the edges from breaking off. Large stones, special concrete curbs, wood. You can install curbs flush with the paving or higher. In the first case, they usually strive to give more strength to the edge, and in the second, to prevent the loose material from spilling.

The installation of borders is carried out before the start of paving.

Tiled coverings also provide the most interesting decorative solutions. Slabs can be concrete, cement, silicate, ceramic, natural stone and decorative mosaics. Tiled coatings are quite durable and easy to use. They make it easy to replace damaged slabs, shift them in case of subsidence of the base or repair of communications laid under the tracks. The device of such coatings is very simple, not laborious and does not require expensive machines and equipment.

Gravel paths are arranged using granite cuttings (granite chips).

Sports grounds. The most promising are synthetic coatings, among which the most widespread are polymers - polyurethanes in the form of monoliths - recortan, tartan, sportan - and coatings based on solid rubbers in the form of plates - armand, discord.

These coatings are primarily elastic, have the properties of elastic oscillation, allow the runner to achieve great results with the same expended energy and at the same time have high performance properties: they react poorly to climatic conditions, are easily removed by mechanisms, and are not sensitive to the type of sports shoes.

This project uses tartan - a gray-green or brown coating, laid on an asphalt concrete base 10-12 cm thick.

4. Description of the small architectural form

Small architectural forms - in landscape design, it is customary to call small structures installed in gardens and parks for functional and aesthetic purposes. These include gazebos, trellises, pergolas, arches, benches, sculptures, bridges, lamps, fountains, flowerpots, etc. In this project, a bench is considered as a small architectural form.

Benches are used for short-term (without backrests) and long-term (with backrests) rest for visitors to the facility. They come in a wide variety of shapes and are made from various materials(metal, concrete, wood and stone). Benches used on the territory of the school site are benches for long rest.

Benches tend to do:

with one span 1.2 - 2 m long;

with two spans 3.5 - 4 m long.

The height of the benches is 40 cm. Wood is the most available material, easy to process and has high thermal conductivity. With antiseptic and drying, the tree can be used for a long time and, most importantly, it is easily replaced in case of breakage.

For the backs and seats, wooden slats with rounded top edges and a convex surface are used, which contributes to the rapid discharge of atmospheric precipitation from the slats and the drying of the surface of the backs and seats. Wide boards and half-beams retain moisture on their surface longer and dry out more slowly.

Small architectural forms for recreation areas, gaming purposes - benches, tables, swings, carousels, booms, climbing walls, sandboxes, pyramids, creepers, rolling hills, etc. - are mass-produced.

5. Description of equipment used

When designing the landscaping of the yard area, we used the following types site equipment.

Garden furniture.

Canopies for adults , are installed at meeting points with children on the playground in different compositions - a line, a semicircle, a square, etc.

Rest benches are an integral part of landscape design. Used mainly in the design of walking areas, they have metal base. The seats for the benches are various coniferous woods. The wooden parts of benches and benches are subjected to antiseptic treatment and tinted. After that, the benches are covered with several layers of a special varnish that is resistant to various mechanical and atmospheric influences.

Children's play complexes, playgrounds, various sports facilities - all this contributes to the proper development of children and health promotion.

All equipment is made of metal and has all the necessary certificates and conclusions. The special coating of sports gaming complexes provides an attractive appearance and resistance to mechanical and atmospheric influences.

Fireproof bins - principle of operation: The lid of the bin acts as a guaranteed high quality fire extinguisher, shutting off air in the event of a fire, thereby eliminating the flame. This reduces the risk of emergencies at the school site.

Flower girls, vases and various forms are grouped into picturesque compositions or located on the site strictly functionally.

street lighting

Street lighting is necessary for the full life of any settlements. And it is used not only for security purposes, but also for decorating individual architectural objects, as well as parks and squares. . The installation of lighting poles allows you to increase visibility on the roads at night. In addition, lighting poles form a peculiar appearance of the settlement, and also provide required level the safety of both pedestrians and road traffic. Lighting poles can be turned on in the evening either from the control room or manually.

As street lighting, special street lamps and lamps are installed. Street lamps are called lighting poles, made in the form of one form or another, on which light sources are placed. And street lamps are called special lighting devices that are used to illuminate roads, parks, squares, as well as special illumination of various landscape and architectural objects.

One of the most common types of lighting poles are street lamps, which are mounted in a special way on lighting poles or lighting poles. This type lamps are considered one of the most reliable and efficient due to the fact that in this case the light comes from a certain height. And this means that it is able to cover a large area and is less prone to various mechanical damage. Lighting poles include a wide variety of street lighting poles, including metal lighting poles, polyhedral poles, and others. Lighting poles are made of steel sheets with a thickness of three millimeters. The lighting column has a conical shape, which has six or eight faces. The height of lighting poles can reach four, six, eight and ten meters. At the bottom of the lighting column there is a special hatch with a lid, which allows you to install and operate the electrical switching device. In addition, at the bottom of the lighting pole there is always a flange with a diameter of 200 millimeters, which is designed for installation and fastening on a concrete foundation, as well as on similar devices and an underground part.

At the top, the outdoor lighting pole has a diameter of 62 mm. This part is designed to install brackets with fixtures. Steel structures street lamps are hot-dip galvanized. These brackets are made from metal pipe with a wall thickness of 3 mm. Outside diameter such pipes - 48 millimeters.

Sports ground equipment.

Sports grounds include: a football field, volleyball, basketball, tennis, camps, gymnastics grounds.

The composition of the equipment of sports grounds depends on the facilities available for team sports. Thus, the equipment of a basketball court consists of racks (wooden or metal) with transparent boards made of hardboard measuring 1.8x1.2 m, on which metal rings with a diameter of 450 mm are fixed at a height of 3.05 m from the surface of the site. Shields should move away from the supports: for schoolchildren - by I.1.2 m; for adults - by 1.6.2.2 m. Metal or wooden supports are painted in White color.

The volleyball court is equipped with two metal or wooden poles round section with a diameter of 100.120 mm with a rope and a net tightly stretched between them at a height of 2.1 m - for children; 2.2 m - for women: 2.5 m - for men. In addition, the site has a mobile judges' tower, a table for judges-informers and benches for participants.

Tennis court equipment includes:

-low supports made of pipes with a diameter of 100.120 mm, sunk into the ground (in glasses for cement mortar):

-"a mesh 12.8 m long, fixed on a rope stretched between supports at a height of 1.07 m - at the ends; 0.91 m - in the middle;

-a training wooden wall 3.2-3.5 m high and of any width.

To tension the rope, a “shoe” with a hook is installed in the center of the site, for which the mesh regulator is attached.

The football field will be equipped with goals with an internal dimension of 7.32x2.44 m, made of round posts with a diameter of 120 mm and painted white. At the corners of the field, corner flags-limiters are installed.

The gymnastic ground is equipped with a gymnastic town or an installation for hanging apparatus.

A fence that separates the site from neighboring ones and protects the site from wind and noise.

For the construction of such fences, durable materials are used: brick, concrete blocks, a rock. The minimum height of the fence is 1.5 m. To protect against precipitation, stone and concrete fences are covered with cornices from above. Massive fences will become a little more elegant if they are supplemented with arches and niches for flowers. From the side of the courtyard, benches of the same material are sometimes attached to the fences. Balls, flowerpots, containers with flowers or slabs, the ends of which hang from all sides of the pole, can be used as decoration for supporting posts.

Drinking fountains.

The fountain is designed for installation in standard water supply systems of schools and multi-stage purification of drinking water through a filtration system and disinfection using an ozonator. After cleaning with ozone, the water is not inferior to spring water in taste and quality. Even if the permissible concentration of microorganisms that are usually harmful and hazardous to health is repeatedly exceeded, the system returns the water to its original purity, while all useful minerals are preserved in ozonized water, which is very convenient for installing and using such fountains in the school yard.

6. Features of landscaping

Proper landscaping of a general education school site is a factor in the aesthetic, mental, moral and physical education of children and adolescents.

When choosing plants, they take into account not only artistic, but also practical goals. So, alley (ordinary) plantings sometimes serve as protection from noise, wind, dust, snow, which will undoubtedly affect the selection of plant forms.

It has been established that when creating a green protective zone along the fence of a school institution, the wind speed is reduced by more than half, and the air temperature in the green zone is set below the city by 8-10 °.

Experts say that phytoncides (volatile protective substances) secreted by plants are able to kill pathogenic bacteria and purify the air (up to 70%) from dust.

A variety of trees and shrubs, the beauty of shapes, density and color of the crown allow you to create expressive landscaping compositions. Plantings: group, alley, single, bay window, row, chess, enclosing, labyrinth, etc. - enliven the site, allow you to better use the expressive qualities of trunks, crowns, foliage.

But planting trees and shrubs should not interfere with the insolation of the room (sunlight), and depending on the nature of the crown and the degree of foliage fall, they are planted at a distance of 5-10 m from the building. Before drawing up a landing drawing (dendroplan), you also need to find out where the electric and telephone cables, heating pipes and other communications pass. So, planting trees closer than 1.5 m from the water supply and sewerage and 2 m from other networks is not allowed. Shrubs are planted no closer than 2 m from the gas pipeline, 1 m from the heating system and 0.5 m from the electric cable.

Trees and shrubs such as maple, birch, linden, spruce, pine, poplar, ash, elm, bird cherry, larch, alder, chestnut, mountain ash, lilac, jasmine, spirea, cotoneaster, etc. In places where children play for a long time, it is recommended to plant trees with a dense crown - linden, maple, elm, etc.

In early spring and late autumn, it is necessary to clean the landscaping. Maple, linden, poplar, elm, hawthorn, hornbeam, apple, willow, ash tolerate circumcision well, chestnut, birch, and walnut are bad.

When designing tree and shrub plantations, I observed the norms of planting between trees and from trees to the walls of buildings, structures, etc. The standards are given in table 2.

Table 2 - Distance from objects to plant axes

ObjectMinimum distance to the axis of a plant, mtree of shrubsExternal walls of buildings and structures51.5 Curb of sidewalks and garden paths0.70.5Edge of the carriageway, edges of reinforced lanes of roadsides or edges of ditches21Masts of lighting network supports, trams, columns, galleries and overpasses41Fences up to 2 m high21 Fences more than 2 m high 41 Soles of slopes, terraces, etc. 10.5 Soles or internal edges of retaining walls 31 Underground utilities: gas pipelines, sewerage 1.51 Heating networks (from the walls of the channel) 21 Water pipelines, drainage 2-Power cables and communication cables (from the outer wall of the pipe) 20, 7From underground utility networks protected by pipes (from the wall) 10.3

Small flower beds are also laid out on the site, but in such a way that the flowering of plants does not coincide. For example, tulips and daffodils begin to bloom in spring, peonies, carnations and delphiniums in early summer, then phloxes, gladiolus, dahlias, and until late autumn chrysanthemums, perennial asters, etc. These plants are perennial and require only top dressing, tillage and weed removal. The flowers on the school lawn are also selected for their continuous blooming.

First sown lawn grasses, then flowering plants are planted. Perennials require cutting.

Color design is simply necessary when landscaping school institutions, but even here it is necessary to approach the selection with all caution.

Lawn coverings of group and sports grounds, sown with stable grass mixtures in combination with annual and perennial plants in a common flower garden, in flower beds and rabatka group sites, play an important role in landscaping the site.

The aesthetic appearance of the lawn is maintained by periodically mowing the grass, but it is also good to leave islands of tall-grass landscaping with field vegetation. The most widely used various kinds lawn gardening, combined with flower beds, rabatka, oases with water, sand, pebbles, etc.

The floral and woody design of the school site is fully consistent with the style I have chosen.

Planting is carried out in the morning. With a scoop, they dig holes of the right size so that the roots of the plants do not bend during planting, and the seedlings are planted a little deeper than the root neck. The distance between plants depends on their size. Flower beds are watered in the evening after 17 hours or in the morning. Flower beds from carpet plants are watered more often, up to 40-50 times per season. In dry and hot weather in the evening between waterings, a refreshing watering or spraying is carried out. To create a rose garden, a rose of two types is used. Californian on the sides, because it has almost no thorns, the flowers are not large, color pink. Far Eastern in the middle, it is more prickly with large red flowers.

Tulip - varieties from the group of Darwin hybrids are especially good for decorating gardens and parks. They look elegant against the background of a lawn or shrubs, in flower beds.

For planting, it is better to take the bulbs of the first and second parsing, blooming the next year.

The most attractive are small groups of the same variety. Since the varieties bloom non-simultaneously, the height of the plants and the color of their flowers are different, it is not advisable to mix them.

In flower beds, tulips are grown in one place for 2-3 years. So that the site does not lose its decorative appearance after flowering, annual and perennials grown in pots.

Viola (violet, pansy) is a member of the violet family. A plant 20 - 25 cm high with large flowers of different shapes and colors. Varieties of large-flowered garden viola are complex hybrids.

So, tricolor violet (viola tricolor) appeared as a result of many years breeding work professionals and amateur florists.

It is believed that simple pansies came to the garden from England. Their progenitors are wild violets (viola tricolor and lutea). Although flower growers have long known these wild flowers well, the first serious attempts to cultivate them were made only at the beginning.

Caring for plants in a flower arrangement consists in regular watering, weeding and loosening the soil. In order not to develop fruits, all faded flowers are removed, otherwise flowering will stop.

For viola allocate sunny places. In partial shade, it blooms longer, but the flowers are smaller and paler. In summer, after flowering, it is replaced by other annual plants. In our country, the following varieties are most often grown: Forbote (flowers white and blue), Zurich See (blue), Bergwacht (dark purple), Himmels Koenige (light blue), Gold Crown, Abendglut (reddish brown). These varieties bloom early in spring.

Brief description of climatic subregions. Trees and shrubs. Lawns and flower beds. Spring plantingAutumn plantingBeginning of sowingEnd of sowingClimatic subregion with an average monthly temperature of January - 15 0C and above July from +25 0C and above. MarchOctober - November1st decade of March1st decade of November

7. Territory balance

Since school grounds are restricted areas, and since these areas occupy a significant part of the territory of the microdistrict, they are of great importance in common system landscaping of the neighborhood.

Zoning of the territory of the school site provides for the organization of group and sports grounds, a meteorological site, a utility yard, etc.

On the basis of the master plan, calculations were made, on the basis of which the balance of the territory was compiled, presented in Table 4.

Table 4 - Balance of the territory of the site

Name of elementsAreaNumber of elements per 1 ha. landscaping Note. m 2%of the total area Buildings and structures203026,42030School building and workshopCarriageways, m. ) paving made of concrete, slabs 25*25 cm. a) bench - 810b) urn - 68Area under plantations, m 2including: 3773.750-10000 a) under trees145018.8-1883-b) under bushes2353.1_305-c) under flower beds87.51.1_113-d) under lawns2001.226_2598-And that: 7700100---

Thus, the percentage of landscaping of the site is 50%, which is slightly lower than the norm of landscaping for the southern region, therefore, in the future, it is planned to increase the area of ​​landscaping through the use of stationary garden flowerpots on recreation areas and on the site for events. Plantations with paths, areas for recreation and games occupy more than 70 % total area. Since it is reasonable specific gravity plantings, equal to 75% of the total area of ​​the site., and in this project it is 74%, then the distribution of the territory complies with the standards.

8. Landing list

The planting list of plants used in the design is presented in table 5.

Table 5 - Landing List

Changing the breed and species of spaces from the TRAST, Poll., Square1Clene ostolist107s Komom 1.3x1,3х0.65 M2BERES Warf 1035С Komom 1.3x1,3х0.65 M3lip Meltsolite 1030s Komom 1.3x1,3х0.65 M4SPA Krymskaya1075Sashit Common 338Sholes6Shis m8Viola-345With a clod 0.1x0.1x0.15 m9Petunia hybrid-560With a clod 0.1x0.1x0.15 m10Lawn - sowing

Conclusion

Designing a general education school site is a long and painstaking work. In my course project, I tried to take into account all the goals and objectives of creating a green zone, taking into account the natural and climatic conditions, the needs of the population, the functionality and diversity of the object, as well as aesthetic appeal. Wherein Special attention focusing on the conservation of the existing landscape and vegetation.

In my opinion, the main task of a landscape architect is to harmoniously combine nature with the activities of human hands. Without destroying the green island she has already created, to be able to transform it into something beautiful, capable of serving the good and pleasing to the eye, but the issue of gardening must be approached very seriously.

The appearance of the school site should be thought out to the smallest detail even before the completion of the project of the building itself, based on the experience and mistakes of previous layouts and is largely determined by its relationship with the building, the surrounding landscape, but most importantly - the layout and appearance architectural structures, small forms and landscaping.

Having learned a lot about the design and improvement of a school institution, I realized how important it is for the health of our children, our future, for their physical and mental development.

Architects must create a beautiful and durable house, and the task of landscapers is to enclose and create comfort, to create as many corners of nature as possible.

I am very pleased that now the administration of Novorossiysk pays great attention to landscaping and improvement of streets, courtyards, school territories and city parks.

Bibliography

1.GOST 21.204-93* SPDS. Conditional graphic symbols and images of elements of master plans and transport facilities

2.GOST 21.508-93* SPDS. Rules for the implementation of working drawings of master plans for enterprises, structures and civil housing facilities

.GOST 21.101-97* SPDS. Basic requirements for design and working documentation

.SNiP 23-01-99* Building climatology

.SNiP 2.07.01-89* Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements

.Garnisonenko T.S. Handbook of the modern landscape designer. - Rn / D: Phoenix, 2005. - 315 p.

.Kaznov S.D. Kaznov S.S. Improvement of residential areas of urban areas. - M.: Izd-vo ASV, 2009. - 216 p.

Relevance of the topic

The priority of moral education today is recognized by our civil society.

Everything in the school should be permeated with the desire for beauty, therefore, at present, much attention is paid to the improvement of cities and villages, territories adjacent to educational institutions. We need to learn to feel, understand, appreciate and, most importantly, create beauty. Everything must be done so that the very premises of the school, its territory are attractive, somewhat magical.

Landscaping and landscaping of the school area plays an important sanitary-hygienic and educational role.

The implementation of this project helped to solve an important problem: the lack of a single, compositionally built, aesthetically designed space of the school territory.

The school is a cultural center. The child spends half of his day at school. Naturally, what surrounds him is important for his further personal development. Seeing daily well-groomed beautiful, always blooming flower beds, the child will not only receive positive emotions, but also learn to protect beauty, create it with his own hands.

In addition to the aesthetic function, the practical function is very important. modern school It is focused on ensuring that the child receives not only theoretical knowledge, but also direct practical skills. Therefore, what the student learns during the design and implementation will be useful to him in the future.

The peculiarity of the location of our educational institution is that it is located in the center of the village. Therefore, the condition of the school territory is always in the field of view of fellow villagers. This imposes on the team a great responsibility to educate students, their parents and villagers in respect for the wealth of the region, aesthetic taste and the ability to appreciate beauty. In the municipal educational institution "Laptevskaya NOSH" a system of moral education of students has developed, an important part of which is instilling in students a love for nature and work. The system allows successfully solving the problems of teaching schoolchildren various labor skills and abilities, enriching them with new knowledge about plants and the technology of their cultivation.

The action of improvement and gardening traditionally takes place at the school every year in four stages from February to October. It involves teachers and students in grades 1-4.

The first stage - February-March:

* development of projects for the improvement of the school territory, landscaping and rational use of the school grounds;

The second stage - April - May:

* preparation of planting material - flower seeds;

* growing seedlings;

* preparation of inventory;

*spring tillage;

* work on the improvement of the school territory and the area adjacent to it, the repair of the fence; pruning shrubs;

*spring planting (implementation of projects);

Third stage - June - August:

* care for plantings in the school area: watering, weeding;

The fourth stage - September-October:

* collection of seeds;

* autumn tillage;

* autumn plantings of bulbs;

* Summing up the work, preparing reports;
Problem

Poor motivation among students of the school to form the moral and labor qualities of the individual.

Labor, collective creative activity is one of the real ways of forming these qualities.

Hypothesis

In the process of working on the project, there will be an integration of educational and work activities, which, in our opinion, will increase the motivation for learning and, as a result, the quality of student learning will improve. Awareness by the project participants of responsibility for the common cause will improve the moral and psychological climate in the educational institution.

Object of study- Ecology of the village Laptevka.

Subject of study- environmental situation around the municipal educational institution "Laptev primary general education school"

Objective of the project - creation of an aesthetically and environmentally attractive space near the school, improvement of the environmental situation in the area adjacent to the school due to green spaces and flowers in order to cultivate hard work, love for one's school, respect for nature, development of creative abilities of students, formation of healthy lifestyle skills and implementation of the principle of practice-oriented learning.

Tasks:
Combining the efforts of teachers, students, parents, the general public, aimed at the improvement, aesthetic design and landscaping of the school, the creation of a single spiritual environment, through participation in a common cause, common interests, desires.
landscape ecological design of the environment of your village on the example of a school site
delimitation of zones of the school territory in order to create the most favorable environmental situation, improve the sanitary and hygienic regime on the territory of the school.
creation of conditions for recreation for school students, as well as for everyone living in the village.
the widest use of the school territory in the educational process and extracurricular activities.

Project type

Practice-oriented, research, informational, interdisciplinary.

Project Manager:

Head of the school - Pisarenko Irina Vladimirovna

Project participants:

Plan

Implementation of the project "Landscaping the school area"

PLAN

events MOU "Laptevskaya NOSH"

for the autumn two-month landscaping

September to October 2012

To implement the project, it was necessary to create "green building facilities": a complex of flower beds, borders, paths that bring aesthetic pleasure, joy to all participants in the school-wide project and local residents.

In 2012, the landscaping of the school yard was completed. Several design objects have been identified:

1st object – Rock garden (main entrance):

* backfilling hills with soil, laying boulders

* laying a path to the rock garden

2nd object – Complex of flower beds;

3rd object - Central alley of ornamental shrubs and rowan alley.

Among the many design options, one of the most magnificent means of landscape design was chosen - the creation of an alpine slide. erection alpine garden implied the creation of a plant composition, the main role in which was given to plants and stones, reminiscent of a high-mountainous alpine climatic zone. Such a decision gave our garden a special mood and charm.

Next year it is planned to enrich the territory of the hill. It will smoothly move into the adjacent pond with artificial flowers. Such an alpine slide device will be very in a good way connect it into a single whole with other elements of the territory. A very good background for an alpine slide is also flower lawn. When arranging the lawn, our teachers selected the plants so that they would harmonize with the rest of the plants growing on our site in terms of their height, flowering time, color of flowers, leaves and picturesqueness. It attracts with many colors in spring, summer and autumn. Nearby successfully combined: daffodils, tulips, irises, peonies, Turkish cloves different colors and shades, chamomile, viola, asters, nasturtium, etc. A path of flowers seems to be running towards the hill. In spring, these are daffodils, and from mid-summer to the end of autumn - marigolds.

The construction of the alpine slide has become a creative process, which is comparable in its significance to the work of a sculptor and an artist, and therefore requires knowledge and experience. Our teachers are constantly improving, finding new solutions.
The school rock garden is a very popular place. Adults and children come here to admire, dream, relax, take a break from daily worries ...

Flowers are an ideal and versatile tool in landscape design. They gave our schoolyard a unique charm. Flower beds have become decorative elements of the school area, serve as a wonderful decoration for it.

In winter, we calculate the number and type of plants that are needed for planting, grow seedlings and plant them according to the pattern and color scheme. We design flower beds in such a way as to ensure the extraordinary in its splendor, as well as the long-term flowering of our garden. Each year, flower beds have different sizes, shapes, compositional solutions, combinations of ornamental plants. Their features are taken into account - the height and diameter of the bush, flowering time, compatibility with other species, environmental parameters (tolerance of light and shade) and many other aspects. Beauty is fleeting, most flower gardens look completely different in a month. However, our plantings are well planned and attractive throughout the year and are truly works of art. We admire salvias, annuals and perennial phlox, ageratum, petunias, marigolds, zinnias, annual dahlias of various colors.

The next object of landscape design is to make a recreation area for children located next to the school building. This is an area overgrown with grass and nothing pleasing to the eye. We want to make this corner our next attraction.

In order to create a holistic aesthetic picture of the school grounds and exciting memories of the road leading to the school threshold, we wanted to improve the design of the central alley. Diversify the species composition of flower beds.

Municipal educational institution

MOU "Laptev primary school"

Landscape gardening and design

Completed:

4th grade student

Golodnev Daniel

Supervisor:

Pisarenko I. V.,

Primary teacher

classes