Planting marigolds in open ground with seeds. Growing marigolds from seeds

These flowers are truly "folk". You can see them in almost every area. Tall and very small, red, yellow and orange "suns" unusually decorate the flower garden. And growing marigolds is not difficult at all.

So, marigolds - planting and care in open field.

Today, flower growers can purchase dozens of varieties of marigolds.

According to the structure of the inflorescences, they are divided into simple, semi-double and terry varieties.

But more often, marigolds for planting are chosen according to their size:

1. Giant - up to 130 cm.
2. High - up to 90 cm.
3. Medium - up to 50 cm.
4. Undersized - up to 40 cm.
5. Dwarf - up to 15 cm.

Fans stop at one or another variety, depending on where they intend to grow flowers. For example, only undersized and dwarf ones are suitable for balconies. And the giant marigolds planted in the middle of the flower bed will become its pride and main decoration.

Marigolds are also divided into erect, deviated and thin-leaved.

Erect - annuals, can grow more than 1 m in height, flowers - plain, from yellow to orange. Most famous variety- Kilimanjaro.

Rejected - got their name because of their escapes. Lush bushes, with small flowers. The most favorite variety of summer residents is Antoshka marigolds.

Thin-leaved - rarely higher than 40 cm, the flowers resemble daisies, the decoration is thin carved leaves. A popular variety is "Gnome".

How to breed marigolds?

Most often, summer residents buy bags of seeds of certain varieties. Rarely use seeds collected independently.

Sowing seeds in the ground

If you live in a fairly warm area where frost will not threaten seedlings at the end of spring, marigolds can be planted from April 20 to May 15. Then in about two months you will admire their flowering.

Preparing for planting, it is desirable to germinate the seeds. They take a separate saucer for each variety, put a clean rag there, pour the seeds on it and pour some water. room temperature. Each saucer is placed in plastic bag and put in a warm place - for example, on a windowsill near the battery. After 3-4 days, the seeds can be planted.

It must be remembered that each seed will turn into a bush, so when planting, you must observe the desired distance between future flowers.

Then the ground in the garden is leveled and watered. When shoots appear - see if they are too close to each other. Thin out the sprouts if necessary.

Planting seeds for seedlings

Since the warm season in Russia is relatively short, it is preferable to grow marigold seedlings. Usually flower growers who do this buy ready-made soil in Priroda stores. But you can make it yourself. To do this, take the land, you can forest, peat and some river sand. In this case, in order to disinfect, the soil is calcined in a stove on a baking sheet or watered with a solution of potassium permanganate.

Soil is poured on top, grooves are made - if there are no special tools, you can use a stick, a pencil. Seeds are planted at a distance of about 3 cm from each other.

The soil should be moist, watering should be done carefully so as not to wash the seeds out of the ground. Place the container in a well-lit place, but not in drafts.

A few days later, when shoots appear, the box is periodically turned to the window, first one side, then the other. They do this so that the plants do not stretch in one direction towards the light, do not bend.

Seedlings dive when 3 leaves appear. It is recommended to plant in the garden in the last decade of May.

Planting marigolds in open ground

This is the most crucial moment in growing flowers. Need to define appropriate place, prepare a garden bed, grow or purchase strong healthy seedlings.

Selection of planting material

If you are going to grow seedlings yourself, remember that you need to sow seeds in different time. Tall marigolds are planted first of all - in March, in April, the turn of undersized varieties comes.

When buying marigold seedlings in a store or on the market, carefully inspect it - are the plants healthy, do they look strong? It is better when each plant is planted in a separate container - there is less risk of injuring the roots during planting.

Soil preparation and site selection

It is advisable to enrich the soil before planting - dig up a bed, introducing peat, humus, river sand, mineral fertilizers there.

The distance between seedlings will depend on the type of marigold. Tall ones need space: plants should be separated from each other by 40 cm, for dwarf marigolds this distance is halved.

It is advisable to put a little drainage at the bottom of the holes, and then plant the plants. After planting for a couple of weeks, marigolds need regular watering.

Care for marigolds in the open field

These flowers are easy to care for. It consists in watering, loosening, weeding and periodic top dressing.

Watering and feeding

During the growth period, marigolds need regular watering, with the onset of flowering, watering can be less frequent.

It is advisable to use not a hose, but a watering can, and to defend the water in advance in a container so that it warms up. The best time to water is in the evening when the sun is about to set.

If the summer is rainy, drainage will help prevent root rot.

In the case when the bed is prepared according to all the rules, additional dressings may not be entered. Do you want to pamper the plant, achieve lush flowering? Use any fertilizer other than manure. Top dressing is applied 2-3 times before flowering, that is, during the period active growth plants. The best option- use complex fertilizers.

Loosening and pruning

Marigolds hate it when the earth is pulled together with a crust. It is necessary to provide air access to the roots. This can be achieved with regular loosening. This must be done carefully so as not to damage the root system. It is also important to remove weeds.

To make the bushes look more beautiful, fading marigold flowers are periodically cut off. Then new buds will appear, the overall flowering will intensify.

How to collect seeds?

Most often this situation occurs. You have purchased marigold seeds of a certain variety. In summer, the plants bloomed, and you really liked it. I would like to decorate the flower bed with such flowers next year.

There is nothing easier. Wait for the marigolds to bloom and collect the seeds. You can store them throughout the winter in paper bags.

But since most marigolds are hybrids, the flowers that bloom next summer may be somewhat different from the mother plants.

Diseases and pests of marigolds

Marigolds are strong and healthy plants largely due to their smell.

The most commonly threatened flowers are:

1. Slugs. There are especially many of them if the summer is rainy. At a small amount pests can be harvested by hand. If the attack is massive, a drug such as Thunderstorm will help.
2. Spider mite. To combat it, you can purchase special preparations in the Nature store. According to folk recipes - they use onions, yarrow - they prepare solutions and spray flowers.
3. Gray rot. Occurs when watering rules are violated. It is better to immediately remove the affected plant from the garden - otherwise other flowers will get sick and die.

With proper care, marigolds, as a rule, do not get sick.

The use of marigolds in landscape design

Bright unpretentious marigolds will decorate any site and will delight the owners with abundant flowering for a long time.

Marigolds are planted depending on their size. For example, high ones can be placed in the center of a flower garden, and undersized ones will be an excellent frame for a flower bed or garden path.

Another option is to take a place for marigolds right on garden beds. First, vegetable beds will start to look much prettier. Secondly, the smell of these flowers repels many pests. So, without the use of chemicals, you will protect the future crop.

Dwarf and undersized marigolds can be planted in containers on balconies.

Marigolds are good because they will never disappoint the grower. Almost any soil, minimal care - and all the same, colorful elegant flowers will bloom, pleasing to the eye.

Agrotechnics of marigolds is so simple that even a novice florist can handle it. Flowers are unpretentious, so you will almost always get the expected result. You can plant flowers by sowing seeds directly into the ground, or you can pre-grow them. What is the difference between these two methods and what are the advantages of each, we will explain further.

Growing marigolds through seedlings

One of the most reliable ways to decorate your garden with lush bushes is to grow seedlings. Then you can land them on the site in the planned number.

The best time to sow seeds for seedlings

Marigolds are not particularly demanding on conditions environment, so the time for disembarkation is selected mainly for the time when you need to get flowering bushes. You can sow them for seedlings even early.

Important! There are many varieties of marigolds, and many of them have different preparation times for flowering. So, upright marigolds require more time for, and small-leaved and undersized - less. Accordingly, there are different dates planting marigolds. If the first ones are planted in mid-March, and the rest in early April, then by June they will give a friendly flowering.

The seedling method helps to get earlier flowering. Having planted the seeds in seedling boxes or separate pots, you will receive planting material in a month and a half, and a month after planting in open ground - flowering plants.

The composition of the soil mixture

The plant is undemanding and to, but for seedlings it is still worth providing suitable soil so that she grows strong and viable. To do this, prepare a mixture of equal parts turf, and, in addition, half of the sand is mixed into it.
her in without fail it is necessary to disinfect with a solution of potassium permanganate or. After that, you can make any except for fresh manure. Then about three centimeters of drainage are poured into the seedling box: expanded clay, sand, crushed stone.

How to prepare and properly plant seeds

Seeds can be planted unprepared, but some flower growers still prefer to germinate them in advance. To do this, they are soaked in water at room temperature for 10 minutes, and then laid out in a flat saucer, covered with a damp cloth, wrapped plastic wrap. The saucer is removed in a warm place.

Often experienced flower growers planting marigolds with the help of germinated seeds is practiced. To do this, they need to be laid out on a plate and covered with a damp cloth, then wrapped in a plastic bag and placed in a warm place. They usually take three days to germinate.

Did you know? Today scientifically confirmed healing properties marigolds, which were known to our ancestors. For example, they contain a lot of lutein, which is an excellent prophylactic against cataracts. Folk healers treated inflammation of the pancreas with marigolds, diabetes. Tincture treats colds, bronchitis, asthma, stomatitis, purifies the blood.

There are two ways to plant seeds. The most common is sowing in pre-harvested grooves. They are made at a distance of 1.5 - 2 cm from each other and the seeds are poured out. If they have not been previously germinated, it is convenient to take a sheet of paper folded in half, place the seeds on it and pour it out through the fold formed.
If planting is carried out with germinated seeds, it is better to use pots with a diameter of no more than 4 cm. One or two grains are placed in them. It can also be planted in boxes, maintaining a distance between the sowing material of 2 x 2 cm. The seeds are sprinkled with soil and the planting site is sprayed with a spray bottle.

Conditions for seed germination

In order for the seeds to germinate, the box with the planting material planted in it must be put in a lighted place. The ambient temperature should be 22 - 25°C. Then the first shoots will appear in five days. When they appear, the air temperature can be reduced to 18 - 20 ° C.

Marigold seedling care

So, after the appearance of the first sprouts, the seedling boxes are removed to a cooler, but no less lit place. Then the question arises: is it necessary to dive marigolds. Many flower growers recommend carrying out this procedure after a couple of true leaves appear on the sprouts. Then it must be seated at a distance of 7x7 cm. This will provide better lighting, and therefore the sprouts will not stretch too much.

Important! Marigolds without consequences endure not only a dive, but also a transplant. Moreover, they can be transplanted even during flowering.

Seedling care is not difficult. It should be regularly watered with settled water, maintained at a temperature of about 20 ° C and periodically ventilated.
While the sprouts are small and fragile, it is advisable to water with a spray bottle so that the water does not wash away the soil near the roots.
Two weeks after the dive, marigolds can be planted in the country in open ground.

Planting marigold seedlings in open ground

Marigolds easily tolerate transplants, but still this process requires certain rules to be followed.

When seedlings are planted

plant flowers on permanent place preferably at the end, when the threat of frost on the ground has passed. Still, this is a plant that came from warm lands, so it experiences frosts badly. Make sure that each planted seedling has at least three leaves and a strong root system.

Important! Most of the marigold varieties that are used in gardens today are. This means that if such marigolds are propagated by seeds, they can be very different from the mother plant. But far from the worst side. Sometimes you can get amazingly beautiful specimens.

Selecting a landing site

When choosing where to plant marigold seedlings, stop in a well-lit area. They can grow both in partial shade and in the shade, but there the marigolds will not be so lush and bright.

Likewise with the soil. It can be any, but on neutral loams with a good level of fertility, they will be thick and give abundant flowering. In the first half of summer, the soil must be well watered, and if it is infertile, then during the summer it must be fertilized two or three times.

How to plant seedlings of marigolds on the site

Having taken up the cultivation of marigolds, it is important to know not only how to grow seedlings, but also how to properly plant them in open ground. The scheme for planting marigolds depends on which varieties are planted in the garden. So, undersized varieties planted at a distance of 20 cm from each other, medium-sized - 30 cm, and high according to the scheme 40 x 40 cm.

Plant one plant per hole. As a rule, after a dive, the seedlings quickly grow stronger and form a powerful root system. Therefore, when planted in open ground, the plant takes root quickly. It is only important to water the seedlings well and continue abundant watering until they get stronger. In general, marigolds also withstand drought, but the bushes grow low, sparse, feeble, releasing small inflorescences.

Growing marigolds from seeds in open ground

Sowing marigolds in open ground should be carried out only with fresh seeds. They remain viable for up to two years, but fresh ones have a high germination rate. Pre-germinated seeds give good sowing density. To do this, they are soaked in water at room temperature for a couple of days. But dry sowing is also allowed.

Did you know? In South America, the local population has used marigolds as a spice since ancient times. In the Caucasus, they are added to pastries, marinades, used to make sauces, soups, main courses. They even received the second name "Imereti saffron". In France they are grown in industrial scale specifically for culinary use.

When to sow seeds in the ground

Marigolds, when grown from seeds in open ground, are sown in May, when there is confidence that there will be no more frosts on the ground. In the northern regions, after sowing, it is recommended to cover the place for two weeks. nonwoven fabric to protect crops from frost. The first shoots should appear in a couple of weeks.

Preparation and planting of marigold seeds in the ground

Flower growers who know everything about marigolds recommend sowing germinated seeds. How to do this, we talked above when we talked about preparing seeds for sowing for seedlings. If it is decided to sow them dry in open ground, grooves are made about 5 cm deep in the selected area. The trench is moistened with water and seeds are poured into it at a distance of 5 cm from each other. Then the furrow is sprinkled with soil or peat and watered again.

Seedling Care

Germination rate depends on environmental conditions. In warm regions, flowers will germinate faster than in cold ones. But in any case, when 2-3 true leaves are formed on the sprouts, the seedlings must be thinned out or it is possible to swoop down the extra sprouts. There should be a distance of about 20 cm between plants, and if we are talking about tall plants, then all 40 cm.
Seedlings should be watered regularly, preventing the soil from drying out. While the sprouts are weak, they require regular weeding.

How to care for marigolds in the process of growing

Now we should dwell in more detail on how to care for marigolds growing on the garden.

How to water

Caring for marigolds involves regular watering. However, it is important that the moisture in the soil does not stagnate, otherwise the plants begin to rot due to the lack of air access to the roots. Before flowering, watering is recommended to be somewhat reduced - excess moisture leads to rotting of the inflorescences. If, nevertheless, this happened, the damaged baskets must be immediately cut off and destroyed outside the site.

Weeding and loosening row spacings

A flower bed with marigolds should be loosened regularly, as the roots of these flowers love air. During loosening, be sure to weed, especially when the sprouts are young and fragile. Over time, they themselves will drown out some, but loosening the soil must be carried out constantly.

How to feed

As already mentioned, marigolds are not demanding on the soil and do not require special dressings. However, additional nutrients positively affect their growth and appearance. If the flowers are planted on sandy or poor soil, fertilizing is more relevant.
The first dressing can be carried out when the flowers reach 10 cm in height, the second - when the buds are forming, and the third right before flowering. For this, complex fertilizers are used. You can add dried or beveled, rotted weed and other organic matter except fresh manure.

Pruning inflorescences

Few people know, but in order for marigolds to bloom better and thicker, faded inflorescences should be removed. You can also periodically prune bushes, especially tall varieties. This will help form lush bushes.

The combination of marigolds with other plants

Marigolds are actively used when planting carpet flower beds. In this case, they look great in company with, and similar plants. Chernobrivtsy save a young garden, where there are still many areas that are not planted with plants. They are planted on the site of faded bulbs or places where other plants wintered.

These flowers look great in flowerbeds and flower beds, where there are not enough bright and catchy flowers. These can be places for planting conifers with a gray or blue color, purple or bright blue asters.
Played in the flower beds and various varieties marigolds. So, for example, in the middle of a flower garden with a venidium, large-flowered Chernobrivtsy are planted. If the flower garden is formed from medium-sized plants (,), varieties of medium height are used, respectively. Undersized marigolds are planted along the edge of the flower beds, along with, for framing.

Collection and storage of marigold seeds

Usually decorative varieties of marigolds are annual plants, respectively, in the fall, the bushes are removed from the beds. But if you want to get the same flowers next year, you need to collect seeds from them.

Did you know? Do not rush to throw away marigold bushes after uprooting. If you add them to compost pit, you will drive away midges from it. One bucket of wilted Chernobrivtsy is enough to get rid of the annoying ones.

Marigolds have two types of inflorescences: female and bisexual. In the first, the petals are located on the periphery, these are the so-called velvet flowers. In the second, they are located around the center of the flower. It is the bisexuals who give more seeds because they self-pollinate. But terry and velvety is transmitted only through female inflorescences. Therefore, for ornamental flowers, it is desirable to collect seeds from female flowers.

From the moment the flower blooms to the formation of full-fledged seeds, at least 40 days pass. You can remove them when the inflorescences turn yellow and completely dry, and the stems turn brown. Carefully cutting off the inflorescence, the seeds are poured into cardboard box or paper bag so that they do not deteriorate during storage.

Important! Seeds can fully ripen only in sunny weather. It is also recommended to collect them only in dry and warm times.

If the summer is damp or wet days are prolonged, it is not recommended to leave the seeds to ripen in such conditions, otherwise they will become damp and rot. To prevent this from happening, in the next sunny hours, the inflorescences are cut off along with the stems, tied in bunches and hung to dry in a dry and ventilated place.
The bundles are placed heads down, and paper is spread under them. As the seeds dry, they will crumble onto a paper sheet, from which they can then be easily collected. They will not differ in any way from those that were collected in the usual way.

How to store marigold seeds? They are folded into a paper bag and kept in a dry, dark place. On average, seeds remain viable for up to two years, but sometimes they can germinate after four years.

Resistance of marigolds to diseases and pests

Marigolds are known for their resistance to fungal diseases. Specific volatile substances, which give them a special aroma, protect the flower from harmful fungi. Moreover, the plant is able to protect other plants from them, so marigolds are often planted for prevention next to crops that are prone to such diseases,
Sometimes in a damp summer, the leaves and stems of the plant may appear gray rot. Then the affected bushes must be removed and destroyed outside the site. In conditions high humidity marigold bushes can attack and Growing marigolds in your garden is simple and always profitable. In 99% of cases, your efforts and costs will be fully justified, as these are unpretentious and very showy flowers. Vibrant blooms and unusual shape flowers, they will enliven any corner of the garden. Depending on the variety, you can choose tall, medium or undersized plants. They are not very susceptible to diseases, and in addition they serve as an excellent prevention against diseases for other plants.

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Among the easy-to-grow flowers, the popularity of marigolds is admired for its permanence. Flowers look attractive anywhere, tolerate drought well, quickly adapt to open ground, are used for cultivation in containers and on sites with minimal access to direct sunlight. On the household plots, as part of the landscaping of territories, annual and perennials with excellent decorative properties can be seen in border format or as an excellent substitute for seasonal flowers. Marigolds: planting and caring for plants in the open field is the topic of this article.

Bright, fragrant marigolds, surprisingly attractive in their diversity, belong to the Astrov family. Despite the "American" origin, flowers are popular with flower growers around the world. They are used for landscaping large and small cities in Russia.

In the expanses of the central and South America even today you can find wild specimens of herbaceous plants.

More than three dozen species of marigolds are known. The flower has a Latin name -Tagetes. In the common people there is the name Chernobrivtsy.

The characteristic features of the plant are called:

• straight or branched strong stems;
• bush height, depending on the variety, 20-100 cm;
• the leaves are green, the color is dark;
• the color of the inflorescences, which can be single or complex, bright, yellow, red, brown or variegated;
• flowering period from June to September-October, depending on the region and the time of the onset of frost.

The main feature of varieties is the structure of inflorescences:

Terry marigolds, variety "Terry Giant"

• carnations;
• chrysanthemum;
• terry;
• semi-double;
• simple.

Chernobrivtsy are characterized by unpretentiousness, fast growth, a positive response to the abundance of light and heat. Young plants grow well at 18-20 °C. When the temperature drops by 8-10 ° C, the growth of flowers stops, and when frosts fall to -2 ° C, they die.

Marigolds: types and varieties

In spite of species diversity, only three are recognized as the most famous and in demand: traditionally high marigolds upright, low-growing varieties of Chernobrivtsev rejected and quite rare in Russia and the CIS countries, thin-leaved marigolds.

Marigolds erect

Marigolds erect variety "Moonstruck Lemon Yellow"

View of Tagetes erecta, African or upright. Representatives of this species are characterized by:

• various heights, depending on the variety reaching up to 1 meter;
• large inflorescences, up to 15 cm in diameter;
• buds terry or plain.

Popular varieties

Vanilla, Kilimanjaro, Antigua, Gold Dollar, Sonnenstein, Tsigronenprinz.

The color scheme of inflorescences and their shape is striking in variety: bright yellow, orange, two-color: red and orange, golden and yellow, lemon, as well as hemispherical, clove-colored, chrysanthemum-shaped, densely double, etc.

Marigolds are undersized

Undersized marigolds have found their application in the creation of borders

View Tagetes patula L., French, marigolds stunted, rejected. The maximum height of a strongly branched flower bush can reach 40 cm. The stems are straight.

inflorescences different varieties can be terry, as well as simple, reaching a size of 7 cm.

The color of the flowers varies: yellow, orange, brownish-brown and dark red.

All varieties of undersized marigolds are divided by experts into several groups that differ in the degree of elevation above the ground: high, medium, low, very low.

Popular varieties

Gold Ball, Queen Sophia, Bonanza Orange, Feuerbal, Carmen, Bonanza Bolero, Mandarin, etc.

Marigolds thin-leaved

Marigolds thin-leaved

Type Tagetes tenuifolia Art., Mexican, thin-leaved marigolds. It is distinguished by miniature, compact, densely branched.

Ordinary for Mexican marigolds called a height of 20 cm, flowers in diameter yes 2 cm, have a yellow-orange color, are characterized by abundant flowering.

Scientists have bred about seven dozen hybrid varieties among which the most popular are:

Popular varieties

Gnome, Lemon Jam, Golden Ring, Ursula, Paprika

Techniques for growing lush marigold bushes in the open field

For unpretentious marigolds, it is characteristic easy landing and easy care. Already formed bushes are often planted in open ground, which are easy to take root in new conditions and bestow lush flowering on flower growers.

Marigolds: landing

Difficulties with planting marigolds do not arise even for beginner gardeners. To grow flowers, you only need to purchase seeds once. The secret is that after completing the flowering period, marigolds are able to give caring hosts a huge amount of seeds, which must be collected directly from the bush and only when the inflorescences are completely dry. Dried and stored seeds are sown in the soil for seedlings in spring.

It must be remembered that Chernobrivtsy are hybrid plants, which affects the degree of preservation of the characteristics and characteristics of the species in seedlings. Every fourth of the flowers has differences, inheriting the characteristics of one of the mother plants.

Experienced flower growers often practice planting flowers with already germinated seeds. To do this, they are laid out in shallow containers, covered with a damp "breathing" rag, placed in a plastic bag and sent to a warm windowsill or balcony with direct sunlight. When correct organized conditions seeds begin to germinate in three days.

Video "Is it possible to sow marigolds with your own seeds"

Marigolds: growing from seeds

For seedlings, it is necessary to plant seeds in early spring. Timely landing- pledge early flowering. Plants different types require their time of disembarkation. The very first - in March, must be sown upright marigolds. Low-growing varieties should be paid attention not earlier than mid-spring.

Guaranteed viable seedlings can be obtained in film greenhouses, equipped in early May. If this is not possible, then it is worth using seedling boxes, sowing flowers in them at the very beginning of spring, or taking a chance and planting them directly in open ground, but at the very end of spring.

If there is a significant free space, the seeds can be immediately placed in cups in order to avoid the process of diving young plants. If this is not possible, any container will come to the rescue, from which the seedlings can be planted in more convenient containers.

To grow strong seedlings from seeds, you should take care of a light, moisture-intensive and nutritious soil mixture, consisting of 1 part of humus, peat and sod, as well as half a serving of sand.

Mandatory disinfection of the soil mixture carried out disinfectant solution. For this, fungicides or a solution of manganese in a dark pink concentration are suitable. Another option for disinfecting the soil mixture can be done in advance: the land exposed to frost for half a month is quite suitable for spring sowing of seeds.

The container reserved for seeds must have good drainage at least 3 cm high, made of expanded clay, crushed stone or sand. Do not interfere and organic fertilizers, of which only humus should be excluded. With good germination of seeds, you should not sow them thickly and cover them with a thick layer of earth. But regular moistening of the soil by spraying will ensure the most acceptable conditions for germination.

The distance between the seeds should not be less than 2 cm. Planting is recommended to be done in grooves made 2 cm apart. Watering must be carried out with care, not allowing the seeds to be washed out of the soil. The most favorable temperature for germination is 25 °C. A necessary condition is moist, but not wet soil. Optimal time emergence of sprouts - 7 days. After that, the container is moved closer to the light and the temperature of the content is lowered to 18 ° C.

Video "We sow marigolds"

Landing in open ground

Marigolds, whose seedlings have gained strength, are planted in the ground in the spring and only after the end of the season of night frosts. Before the sprouts move into the open ground (not earlier than the end of May), they must become the owners of a strong root system and 3 leaves.

The success of growing flowers largely depends on the choice of a place for planting. The land is chosen fertile, loamy, neutral and moist. To enrich the soil layer depleted by plants, and for the healthy growth of marigolds, it is necessary to take care of regular plant nutrition during the growing season.

The distance of landing in the ground is determined by the species and varietal characteristics of seedlings. Tall marigolds should be 40 cm apart. Row spacing should be the same. Medium and low-growing varieties require much less space for correct formation bush and abundant flowering, you can stop at the numbers of 30 and 20 cm.

It is important to pay attention to frequent and regular watering of seedlings. Young plants planted in open ground, for the formation of a strong root system, require mandatory regular watering.

About proper care

In order for the garden to be fragrant and pleasing to the eye, it is necessary to organize flowers proper care. We offer several mandatory conditions, subject to the latest flowers, marigolds will receive the best care, which will be reflected in abundant and long flowering.

• Good lighting.

In the presence of the latter, the flowers will delight with rich flowering and brightness of the inflorescences. Flowers grow in completely shaded places and in areas that are in the shade for most of the day. But in such conditions, they may have small inflorescences and more faded colors.

• Watering.

Compliance with the regularity and abundance of watering before the flowering period - necessary condition proper flowering development. However, with the beginning of the flowering period, watering should be reduced so as not to harm the roots and stems.

• Top dressing.

Fertilizing flowers is an optional process, but perceived by plants with gratitude. It is recommended to use complex fertilizers and plan activities only three times during the growing season. The first top dressing should be carried out with a seedling growing at 10 cm. The second - at the stage of bud formation. The third - during the beginning of flowering.

• Weeding.

The components of successful care for Chernobrivtsy are the processes of weeding and loosening.

• Pruning.

An overgrown flower bush can be made neater or given the necessary decorative forms by properly pruning the plant. It is worth watching the flowers, freeing them from dried inflorescences. Only under such conditions will the plant be able to delight with constant and bright flowering.

Video "Growing marigolds in the open field"

Pests and diseases

Rainy summer creates unfavorable conditions for the development of marigolds. Dampness is a factor influencing the active process of development and appearance of snails and slugs. To protect flowers from pests, it is worth installing containers with bleach in the flower garden, the smell of which will stop the mollusks.

Dry summer is a season during which flowers also require careful care. During this period, marigolds can be affected by a spider mite, which is helped by tinctures created from three ingredients: onion, hot red pepper and yarrow. Frequent spraying of plants and an artificial increase in air humidity will help get rid of the tick.

Gray rot. If traces of the harmful effects of rot are visible on several flowers, then it is time to take serious measures to save most plants. Plants affected by rot are mercilessly removed and, preferably, burned.

Marigolds are not only bright and surprisingly attractive flowers, they are a source of unique antifungal properties. Thanks to these properties, plants serve as protection for their neighbors. Flowers are also useful for humans. They are able to improve vision, restore the pancreas, heal the liver and relieve psoriasis.

Chernobrivtsy are unique, despite their unpretentiousness, plants that fascinate with their diversity and beauty. Give yourself the joy of growing, caring for and enjoying the result of a simple process. The results of care will delight everyone: lush bloom and a comfortable neighborhood will certainly give its results.

Marigolds belong to the Asteraceae or Asteraceae family and are either annual plants. Latin name sounds like Tagétes and was given by Carl Liney back in 1753. The name was given in honor of the Etruscan deity Tages. Natural original growth was in Argentina, Arizona to New Mexico. It was transported from America to Spain by conquistadors in the 16th century. From this country, the flower spread throughout Asia Minor, Russia and Europe.

A photo

How beautiful it is to plant marigolds in a flower bed can be seen in the photos below.

Soil preparation

Marigolds are transplanted most often when seedlings ripen to required size. To do this, you should first prepare in the ground, previously fertilized with humus and peat, as well as dug up. It is also possible to apply inorganic fertilizers, for example, superphosphate granules. Will be useful for flowers ammonium nitrate in aqueous solution: in a bucket (10 l) of water, 1 tbsp is diluted. l. substances.

If the transplant is early, then recesses are made under the bushes no deeper than 3 cm and not less than 1.5 cm. late boarding the soil is already moderately moist and holes are dug up to 7 cm deep.

Can it be transplanted during the flowering period?

When can a plant be transplanted outdoors and should it be done during flowering? Marigolds are transplanted when the temperature of the environment is not lower than + 10 ° C. This will ensure stable growth and protect against potential damage and subsequent wilting. Also, the development of flowers will not slow down or stop. Therefore, if the seedlings are already beginning to color, and the conditions on the street do not allow transplanting, you should still hold the plant until the onset of heat.

seed germination

1. Fill with substrate (loose and light) and prepare boxes.
2. Make grooves in the soil mixture every 4 cm to 1 cm deep.
3. Sprinkle with sand and garden soil planted seeds. As a rule, sprouts will appear within a week.
4. The first sprouts should be in a temperature regime of + 22 ° C - + 25 ° C.
5. The grown seedlings are able to develop at a temperature of + 18 ° С - + 20 ° С.
6. Seedlings dive with the appearance of the first two leaves.

A young grown plant is transferred to open growth conditions, depending on the temperature (not lower than + 10 ° C), as well as the weather. This one falls a favorable period for transplanting marigolds is from the second half of April to the first part of May.

The planting site of the planted variety of flowers is determined in advance, since the plants need room for growth.

• High varieties are placed in holes 40x40 cm.
• Medium-sized flowers are planted in 30x30 cm holes.
• For undersized, a recess of 20x20 cm is enough.

From the video you will learn how to sow marigolds for seedlings:

Competent transplant

The main rule of transplantation is the observance of temperature and weather conditions, since marigolds are whimsical during this period as people from warm countries. Each bush is examined for the presence of a well-developed rhizome and the presence of three leaves or more.

Many of the modern varieties of this plant used are hybrids, this greatly affects the subsequent and reproduction in this way. Subsequent generations may differ from the mother plant.

Important conditions for the growth of Chernobrivtsy

Requirements that will allow you to get the best samples plants:

• The place should be well lit, penumbra or full shade will limit the splendor of plants and the brightness of the petals.
• Neutral loams - the best way soil for marigolds.
• Regular watering of flowers is needed in the first half of summer.
• Produced about once a month throughout the summer.

How to relocate to the site?

1. Follow the pattern for the height of the varieties and keep the distance between the specimens.
2. One plant occupies a single hole.
3. Immediately after planting, seedlings need abundant watering.
4. The duration of watering is until the stem is strengthened and the marigolds are engrafted.

Sowing directly in the flower bed

, which are sown directly into the ground after the end of frost. After growth, the bushes are thinned out or seated less frequently so that there is enough space for each plant to develop.

The interval to the first sunrise from the moment the seed is placed in the soil is 40-50 days. For specific varieties, this time is different. Thus, April is the most preferred period for sowing.

Marigolds give strong stems only in fertile and loose soil. To do this, plow and add the following composition to the ground:

• Humus or compost - 1 part.
• Peat - 2 parts.
• Washed sand from the river - 0.5 parts.

In August

Is it possible to plant them in August and how best to do it? Sowing of the plant is carried out in any warm period and depends on the timing of the first shoots and flowering. Usually, most varieties produce flowers after one and a half or two and a half months. Therefore, in mid-September, the first buds will bloom in the flowerbed or in October. The first frost or temperature drop occurs already during this period. Therefore, marigolds should be planted at such a time in greenhouses or greenhouses.

Under the winter

Is it possible to sow these flowers before winter?

February is considered the best month for sowing a plant, since by the spring strong seedling sprouts will be obtained.

If this period is missed, plants are planted in a greenhouse in March. However, when late disembarkation, flowering plants are expected no earlier than June.

Reproduction by seeds in open ground

For planting Chernobrivtsev in open soil, calculations are performed in the following format:

• It will take 1 week for the first shoots to appear.
• Flowering will be after 1.5-2.5 months.
• The favorable period with the right temperature is usually starting from mid-April.

Therefore, planting should be from mid-late April to May. This will allow you to get flowering areas and developed plants by the summer.

What rules must be followed?

Sowing directly into the open ground is better suited for the southern regions, since there is less chance of a drop in the spring temperature at night below +7 ° C.

Seeds are planted taking into account such features:

• the soil is well loosened and fertilized;
• immediately before sowing, the seeds germinate;
• grooves or pits for germinated seeds will be shallow, no more than 5 cm;
• keep free space between individual plants depending on the selected plant variety;
• mandatory watering after planting and sprinkling garden soil abundant;
• diseased or weak plants are removed as soon as they are noticed.

Seeds are germinated by keeping them in a damp cloth for 2-3 days under sunlight in a warm place, such as a windowsill.

Seedlings are planted according to other rules:

1. For seedlings, it is important to observe temperature regime in the first week or two after transplantation, so this should not be allowed to work until the onset of stable warm weather.
2. The depth of the hole for a seedling is 3-4 cm, if it goes deep into it by 2-3 cm.
3. The smallest distance between the bushes is 20 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm (determined by the selected variety and its subsequent branching).
4. Laying a drainage layer at the bottom of the recess will help to avoid stagnant water at the roots.
5. After carefully placing the seedling in the hole, you need to sprinkle it with soil.
6. Provide plants with optimal care.

Caring for "Turkish cloves"

In summer, marigold bushes can be cut to make them look more well-groomed and elegant. So new buds can form faster, and flowering can become more abundant.

Conclusion

This is a common and unpretentious plant in our country. It is necessary to produce the correct, or sprouts in the open field, to ensure the right fertilizer and maintenance, as well as to constantly maintain the beauty of plantings.

These flowers grow in the shade, on poor soil without any care. However, then these are meager flowers on thin and uneven stems, which are radically different from the picture on the packaging of even the most beautiful sample.

Marigolds with their bright flowering not only decorate the garden, but also create a festive atmosphere and a cheerful mood. And in order to grow such an amazing flower in your flower garden in the open field, you do not need large material costs or special skills to care for it. For those who want to know more about marigolds, an article has been written. Everything about this flower is here: historical references, planting features, useful properties and much more.

Description, origin and types

Marigolds belong to the Asteraceae family. They come from America, where they can be found in the wild from the southern states of the United States to Argentina. This flower, brought to Europe by the Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century, gained popularity among flower growers for its catchy beauty and unpretentiousness, and soon spread throughout the mainland.

Marigolds are a flowering crop known to landscape designers around the world.

The culture is so unpretentious that it can grow everywhere except the Far North. In England, the golden heads of inflorescences are called "Mary's Gold", in Ukraine this flower, sung in songs, is called "chernobryvets", in Germany it is called "Turkish carnation", in Belarus and Poland - aksamytki. In Russia, marigolds got their name due to the delicate velvet petals.

It is noteworthy that Carl von Linnaeus, a Swedish naturalist, was delighted with the beauty of the flower and in 1753 gave him the name Tages (Tages) in honor of the grandson of the ancient Roman god Jupiter, and the young Tages was famous for his exquisite beauty.

Marigolds will actively bloom until the first frost.

The tages plant has a very attractive appearance. Upright branched herbaceous stems form a neat compact or sprawling bush. The juicy greenery of pinnately dissected leaves is a worthy frame for inflorescences. different shades yellow, orange and scarlet color, but bright sunny petals with brown strokes look especially impressive. Chernobrivtsy bloom profusely from June to autumn frosts.

Species and varieties

About thirty species of perennial and annual marigolds are known, which differ in the size of bushes and inflorescences.

By type of inflorescence tages are divided into:

• anemone-shaped - their center of inflorescences is formed by tubular large flowers, framed by one to three circles of reed marginal flowers;
• clove-colored - outwardly resemble a strict terry carnation. Consist of reed petals, cut along the edge;

Anemone marigolds

• terry - their inflorescences are filled with many rows of reed or large tubular flowers;
• semi-double - inflorescences consist of 2-4 rows of reed flowers;
• simple - their inflorescence, this is one circle of reed marginal flowers and a tubular middle;
• chrysanthemum-like - similar to chrysanthemum, and are composed of large tubular flowers.

Terry marigolds

Hybrid types of tages differ and height:

• dwarf - does not exceed 20 cm;
• undersized - height 20-40 cm;
• medium - height about 50 cm;
• tall - grow in height up to 60 cm;
• giants - reach a meter height.

Undersized marigolds

Types of hybrid Chernobrovtsy

upright

This species is distinguished by bushes with strong strong stems. Plant height - 0.4 - 1 m. Large (9-15 cm), spectacular terry inflorescences, with a wide range of colors: from bright yellow to rich orange. Popular varieties and their photos:

1. Gelber Stein is a tall variety, which is decorated with large, chrysanthemum-like inflorescences, 7-8 cm in diameter, of various yellow shades.
2. Amber is a medium-sized variety with highly branched compact bushes and densely double amber-colored inflorescences.

Grade Gelber Stein

Rejected

Chernobryvtsy of this species grow no more than 40-60 cm. Their inflorescences are medium-sized - 4-7 cm - with different structure flower: from double to simple. The color range is quite wide range: from light yellow to chocolate scarlet. Very often there are varieties with two-color inflorescences.

1. Gold Ball is a sprawling plant with numerous branches, about 50 cm high. The inflorescences are small, 4-5 cm in diameter, simple or semi-double. It is noteworthy that both species can bloom simultaneously on the same bush. The color of the velvety petals is very spectacular - scarlet-brown, and the middle is made up of yellow tubular flowers.
2. Orange flamme is a short, compact bush with dense foliage and small (4-4.5 cm) chrysanthemum-shaped inflorescences. Very beautiful color: a row of red-brown velvet flowers border the core of a rich orange color with scarlet splashes.

Variety Orange flame

Marigolds thin-leaved

This group includes varieties with low bushes and with openwork thinly cut leaves on the branches and small inflorescences, only 2-3 cm in size. There are varieties in which the flowers are very small - 1 cm in diameter. Inflorescences are non-double red, orange or lemon color.

Important! Marigolds of this species are quite thermophilic and do not tolerate frost, so they need to be planted in the ground when warm weather is fully established.

1. The red gem is a neat branched bush of spherical shape and about 30 cm high. The plant is densely strewn with dark red inflorescences with a yellow center, thanks to which it got its name.
2. Lemon Gem is a neat spherical low (25-30 cm) plant, the inflorescences of which resemble a carnation, the flowers are bright lemon in color.

In order to admire these lovely plants not in the photo, but in your flower garden, you need to familiarize yourself in detail with the following topic: marigold planting and care in the open field.

Marigold breeding and planting

Marigolds can be grown in flowerbeds, balconies and even in flower pots. These plants love nutritious loamy loose and sufficiently moist soil, but with good drainage. If the land on the site is not too suitable, it does not matter, the plants will just need to be fed with fertilizers 3-4 times. You should also know that culture is very fond of bright sun, therefore, for its landing, you should choose well-lit places. Of course, in shaded places it will also bloom, but, unfortunately, not so abundantly.

marigold seeds

Reproduction and planting of marigolds is carried out by several methods:

• seeds
• germinated seeds;
• seedlings;
• ready bushes.

Sowing marigold seeds

Most varieties of marigolds, both annuals and perennials, can be sown directly in open ground. In more southerly areas the best time for this - the middle of April, and for the conditions middle lane- the first decade of May.

Sowing marigold seeds

Even a novice florist can cope with this work. It is necessary for each seed to dig a small hole (about 4-5 cm deep), throw a seed into it, sprinkle it with earth and water it, but not too abundantly. And you can make a groove of the desired length and sow, trying to maintain the required distance between the seeds. When the seedlings grow up, they will need to be thinned out, removing excess sprouts. The plant can simply be transplanted to another place.

Advice! In order for the plants to develop well, they should not be planted too closely. Tall Chernobrovtsy are planted so that the distance between the bushes and rows is approximately 40 cm from each other, that is, according to the 40 x 40 pattern. Medium-sized ones are planted, maintaining the 30 x 30 pattern, and undersized and dwarf ones - 20 x 20.

In order for the seeds to sprout faster, they can first be soaked so that they hatch, and then sown in open ground. To do this, the seed must be placed in any shallow dish, covered with damp cotton or linen cloth, place in a plastic bag and wrap it around. When the seeds hatch, and this happens, as a rule, on the third day, you can sow them in the ground.

Growing and planting seedlings

In order to get flowering marigold bushes as early as possible, it is better to use the seedling planting method, which requires compliance with certain rules.

First, you need to prepare soil mix, which should consist of humus, peat, turf and sand (proportions 1:1:1:0.5).

Marigold seedlings

Second, do good drainage so that the seedlings do not rot due to stagnation of moisture. To do this, expanded clay, fine gravel or sand should be placed at the bottom of the box and only then filled with soil mixture.

Next, you need to plant the seeds in the grooves, to a depth of approximately 2-3 cm and at a distance of 2 cm between them. Sprinkle with soil and water gently so as not to wash the crop. Some flower growers advise disinfecting the seeds with a solution of potassium permanganate or a fungicide before planting.

Important! It is necessary to sow seeds for seedlings in early spring, observing their own planting time for each species. For high grades- this is the beginning of March, and for undersized - mid-April.

Sowing care is very simple: the temperature regime in the room is +25 degrees, watering is moderate, but regular. Seedlings appear on about 3-4 days, and from that moment on, the seedling box should be kept in a well-lit place, but without direct sunlight.

Plants need plenty of sun to thrive.

To strengthen the root system, after the appearance of the third leaflet, it is advisable to dive the plants and transplant them into separate flowerpots, deepening the sprouts into the ground to the cotyledons. After a couple of weeks, seedlings can already be planted in a permanent place in open ground. auspicious time for this - the middle or end of May, when there is no longer a threat of frost.

Important! For good rooting and growth at the beginning of the growing season, marigolds need moisture, which means they need to be watered regularly.

And finally, the easiest way to land: buy at flower shop ready seedlings or a bush of marigolds and plant it in a flower bed. And, of course, do not forget to water it, for good rooting.

Marigold Care

Marigolds, both perennial and annual, are very picky plants. Although they need regular watering, they can safely do without it for a while. True, this is very harmful during the growth of plants and adversely affects their appearance, so it is better to take care of moistening the soil under them. But during the flowering period, watering should be reduced - stagnation of moisture can lead to rotting of the roots, as a result of which the entire plant will die.

Regularly loosen the soil under the marigold bushes

Regular loosening of the soil is very useful for marigolds. This ensures air access to the roots and removal of weeds. You need to carry out weeding with a hoe, manual cultivator or with a spatula.

Most hybrid marigolds are annuals and can simply be dug up after flowering is complete in the fall. And in order to plant them next year - just pick the dried inflorescences and collect seeds from them.

Pests

Marigolds have a specific aroma, due to which pests do not annoy the plant too much. But during the period heavy rains Slugs and snails can settle on Chernobrovtsy. To scare them away, it is enough to place containers with bleach around the perimeter of the flower garden.

Trap for snails and slugs

During a drought, another misfortune can happen to marigolds - an attack spider mite. In order to prevent its occurrence, you need to regularly moisten the flower bed and the air above it. But if, nevertheless, this pest appeared: you need to spray the plant with infusions of hot pepper or yarrow.

Marigolds in landscape design

Marigolds look very picturesque in groups in mono-flower beds (tapeworm), as a spectacular decoration of a lawn or lawn. Low varieties of Chernobrivtsy can be used for picturesque borders.

Landscape composition with marigolds

If it is supposed to plant several of their species in the flower garden, then low-growing varieties should be placed along the edges of the flower bed, and high ones in the center. You can create a composition of one color, but an extravaganza of marigolds of all colors will look much more colorful.

Also, marigolds can be used for flower beds, combining them with other plants, for example, with zinnias, matthiola, escholcia, dahlias or phlox.

Useful properties of marigolds

Marigold inflorescences not only delight the eye with their beauty, but are also used in cooking and traditional medicine. Tinctures and decoctions relieve stress, reduce blood sugar, improve eyesight - and this is not a complete list of their healing properties.

Marigolds are widely used in folk medicine and cosmetology.

In cooking, dry flowers of Chernobrivtsy have found application as a spice for pickles and cooking. And dried and crushed inflorescences are used in the East as a seasoning, which is called Imereti saffron.

Unpretentious marigolds: video

Varieties of marigolds: photo