Perennial marigolds: planting and care, seed breeding. Marigolds erect or African - Tagetes erecta

Flowers decorate any home and garden. They create a festive atmosphere around us, give a spring mood and a pleasant aroma. Perennial marigolds are no exception, planting and caring for which do not require special time and material costs. went from their velvet ebb. In some countries they are also called Chernobrivtsy.

Pros and cons of marigolds

Like any other plant, this flower has its positive and negative sides. Let's start with the fact that not everyone loves it because of the specific smell. The aroma is very pronounced, with notes of astringency, which is why some people prefer roses or carnations, which no doubt smell better. But it is this strange aroma that repels various pests that spoil the plant and cause diseases in it. Of course, this is one of the advantages that marigolds have. Because of this, growing, planting and caring for them takes little time and does not require many resources, as a result, flowers become just a godsend for lazy gardeners.

In addition, Chernobrivtsy are not afraid of drought, and this is also appreciated by gardeners. By planting these flowers, you can not worry about frequent watering. In summer, the whole family has the opportunity to go to the sea for several weeks without worrying that the plant will die. Returning home, you will find all the same brightly flowering perennial marigolds, planting and caring for which will be only a pleasure for you, and not a universal problem.

How to plant

When you decide that you want to acquire this particular plant, then hurry to the store for seeds. Choose them so that they are all the same size, without any damage, not wet or dry. When they germinate, instead of a bare flower bed outside the window, we will have a whole flower planet. Marigolds, planting and caring for which will be a real pleasure, will be able to bring an atmosphere of joy and lightness to any home.

Seeds are planted in small holes, the distance between which should be about 2 centimeters. From above they are sprinkled with earth (a layer of no more than a centimeter), after which they are watered. By the way, there should not be much water. It is necessary to withstand moderate watering until the first shoots appear.

When the appearance of pioneer leaves is noticeable, we transplant the flowers to a new place. If these were pots, now they are open ground. At the same time Chernobrivtsy should not be very close to each other. It is better to plant them in even beautiful rows or geometric shapes. You can choose your version of the pattern in special publications, which describe in detail the planting, varieties and properties of marigolds.

How to get seeds for replanting

Of course, when you once see the fruit of your efforts - a whole field of flowers outside the window, you will want to plant marigolds next year. Planting a plant variety will become a real hobby that will completely capture you already. in early spring. It is during this period that the plant can be planted in a warm room. With the advent of April-May, they can be transplanted into open ground, or you can do it right away, but not before the frost and cold recede.

If you want to plant marigolds next year, then leave a few flowers in the flower bed until they dry completely. Then the seeds should be carefully removed from the cup, dried a little and set aside until next spring. Just be aware that Chernobrivts obtained in this way will not always be similar to last year's. They may differ in shape and color, as the most popular varieties are usually hybrids. Their hereditary traits sometimes appear after several generations of plants. Professionals usually advise planting seeds that are no more than two years old, because older varieties lose their ability to germinate and bloom quickly.

What land do marigolds love

As we already understood, these flowers can be grown in two ways: in the form of seedlings and directly in open ground. Each gardener chooses the method that suits him best. In any case, the earth should be as loose as possible. It is better when you keep the proportions of humus, peat, turf and sand. The last component must be taken half as much as the other components. Flowers also need good drainage. This is easy to achieve by sprinkling three centimeters of soil with a mixture of crushed stone, sand and expanded clay. Before planting, fertilizers can be applied to the soil, but not fresh manure.

If you planted marigolds in open ground, they will sprout in a week, and bloom in 2-3 months. With this method, we throw the seeds into specially prepared grooves, the depth of which is one and a half to two centimeters. If you choose a seedling method, then the seeds need to be planted in boxes. The first shoots should appear in about 10 days.

Features of care

When the first leaves appear on the site, there is no limit to joy. But now you have new worries - this is the care and transplantation of plants. As already mentioned, they are unpretentious, but still avoid excessive moisture and shade (this does not work very well for young shoots). Ideal for the growth of flowers is the air temperature in the region of + 23-25 ​​degrees Celsius. From the cold wind, the plant should be protected with special partitions with a transparent film. Marigolds need to be fertilized once a month. This is enough so that they not only grow quickly, but also do not water the plant much, otherwise stagnant moisture can cause rotting of the sprouts.

Feeding is carried out according to the following schedule:

1. Shoots reached a height of 10 centimeters.
2. The first buds have appeared.
3. Beginning of flowering.

In addition, the flowers need to be weeded periodically to ensure normal air circulation in the soil. If you want the bushes to have nice shape cut them off sometimes. Dried leaves and flowers must be removed.

How to deal with pests and avoid diseases

Usually this is not difficult. Endowed with a specific smell, marigolds repel harmful insects, protect themselves from fungi and nematodes. Moreover, gardeners plant them along the edges of the plot so that they become a shield for other plants that are inside. And this is rational, since marigolds, sowing, care, varieties of which have an unpretentious nature, are at the same time very aggressive to external stimuli. The Colorado potato beetle bypasses them, other insects also do not really like to bask in the leaves of this plant.

If a spider mite is wound up on the flowers during a drought, then it is easy to get rid of it by spraying and watering. At the same time, excessive rains threaten the flowers with the appearance of fungi and rot. We fight this by drying the earth and providing access to the bushes with a large amount of sunlight. This plant usually affects gray rot She is easily recognizable by her dark brown spots. Sick marigolds should be removed quickly.

Varieties

No matter how simple and uniform this plant may seem, there are 60 varieties of it. Most of them are hybrids, grown by crossing and during experiments. The most popular species are erect, thin-leaved and deviated marigolds. Description of the variety, growing conditions, care, use of fertilizers for all of them usually do not differ much.

But there are varieties that are not like others. For example, a variety of flowers grown in Latin America helps with constipation, and it is also an excellent emetic and diuretic. The seasoning, known in the world as Imeretian saffron, is also made from this plant.

There are clove-flowered, terry, semi-double and other varieties of marigolds. Usually they have a yellow or orange color, but there are also varieties of plants with white and burgundy buds. Any perennial marigolds, planting and caring for which are not too expensive, are a very colorful decoration for a summer cottage, a city flower bed or a balcony in a high-rise building.

Marigolds as part of landscape design

If you decide to plant the seeds of this plant, then follow certain rules so that the overall look is not too faded or catchy, heaped up or half empty. determine the place along the edges of the flower bed, filling its middle with those that are higher. The whole composition will be well viewed.

The flower bed can be one color. But a better combination different shades e.g. white and red, brown and yellow. Flowering will delight the eye all summer long, if some plants wither or dry out, new buds will aesthetically cover them.

Marigolds are the perfect material for creating a living border. If, in addition to flowers, you also grow vegetables, then plant this fragrant plant along the edges of the garden. Thus, you will give it a beautiful look and protect the crop from pests that are repelled by the specific smell of flowers.

Invaluable benefit

Flowers not only decorate flower beds and beds, but are also actively used in folk medicine and culinary. Tincture from this plant improves metabolism, soothes nervous system and relieves stress. Marigolds are an excellent choleretic agent that helps with initial stages diabetes, which lowers blood sugar levels. With problems with the pancreas, baldness, poor eyesight, psoriasis, they are also indispensable. Our ancestors used them to treat colds and flu.

As for cooking, then marigolds are used in pickles and marinades as a spice. They contain a whole bunch essential oils and coloring components. Dried and ground to a powder, the plant is stored in glass containers and used as a seasoning. And fresh leaves of flowers are suitable for making salads. In a word, perennial marigolds, planting and caring for which do not cause much trouble, will not only become part of landscape design, but will also help cure a number of diseases, and also make dishes more spicy.

Marigold flowers are quite often found in summer cottages, flower beds, squares.

Openwork leaves, velvety inflorescences, having the shape of a basket (terry or simple), bright yellow, orange, red, golden, burgundy hues attract attention and give a sunny, warm mood for almost the entire gardening season, as they bloom until the onset of frost.

Growing this ornamental culture is within the power of even a beginner. We offer you to find out how the planting and care of perennial marigolds is carried out.

Marigolds ( Latin name tagetes patula) — unpretentious plant, belonging to the Aster family or Compositae, is annual and perennial, upright and branched.

There are large-flowered marigolds, undersized, sprawling (tagetes, patula). The plant has a special aroma that not everyone likes, but it is this feature that helps it and also nearby crops to protect themselves from pests.

Flowers are propagated by seeds, cuttings, dividing the bush.

For propagation by seeds, you can collect them yourself. It should be remembered that not all parental characteristics of a certain variety of perennial marigolds will be preserved. Collection planting material produced in dry weather.

Completely dried inflorescences are torn off, seeds are easily removed from them, which have a thin needle shape. Store seeds in dry paper bags in a well-ventilated area.

For propagation by cuttings, stem cuttings are rooted in water or directly in the ground.

Perennial marigolds (varieties) reproduce perfectly by dividing a bush: having dug up a bush, divide it into several parts and plant it in the ground.

Sowing marigolds for seedlings

Such sowing is carried out in March - early April. Before this, it is necessary to prepare a suitable container, fill it with drainage, then with loose earth. The soil should consist of peat, soddy soil and sand.

Ready-made substrate can also be purchased at the store. Before planting, seeds and soil are usually disinfected in a solution of potassium permanganate. Seeds can be sown immediately.

But it is best to germinate them in advance in a damp cloth or gauze in a warm place.

Having made shallow grooves and moistened the soil, the seeds are planted, leaving a small distance between them. You can sow immediately on the surface of the soil and sprinkle with earth on top. It is not necessary to cover with foil.

Main condition,

which is necessary for the growth of flowers - the air temperature, it must be at least 22 degrees.

Seedling care consists in regular watering, which is carried out as the earth dries out, but it is not worth moistening it much.

Seedlings appear within two weeks. At this time, marigold seedlings need more light, and the temperature should be between 15 - 18 degrees. Seedlings are recommended to be watered only under the root. If necessary, thin out the sprouts.

In mid or late May, when the threat of frost has passed, seedlings can be planted in open ground, with nutritious, mineral-rich soil. Water young plants regularly, but sparingly.

Sowing seeds in open ground

Marigold seeds can be immediately planted in open ground. The best time for this is mid-May. It is then that the soil will have time to warm up to the desired temperature.

In open ground, sowing is carried out as follows: for growing marigolds from seeds, shallow grooves are prepared in advance. The earth is moistened, after that the seeds are sown and sprinkled with earth.

Before germination, watering should be moderate. If necessary, seedlings are thinned out, removing weak sprouts. Healthy plants can be transplanted elsewhere.

Undersized marigolds are planted according to the scheme - 20 × 20 centimeters, the distance between the other varieties on the site is left 30-40 centimeters.

Rules for preparing marigolds before planting

Like any ornamental plant, velvet flowers require the right attention. In order for marigolds to bloom for a long time and profusely, certain preparation rules should be taken into account.

Whatever method - by sowing seeds in open ground or through seedlings - is chosen, it must be approached responsibly.

The soil

Before planting, fertilize the soil well with mineral fertilizers.

It is good to include compost in the composition of the soil.

Choice of time and place of landing

Planting marigolds through seedlings will help speed up the flowering period. But for this period, the sprouts must be prepared in advance.

It is necessary to plant marigolds for seedlings in early spring. The best time is March-April. Marigold seedlings are grown in boxes, cassettes.

The soil for seedlings is chosen similar to open ground. You can add mineral fertilizers and wood ash.

Before sowing, the seed material of the selected variety is recommended to germinate. This will speed up the growth of flowers.

To do this, the seeds are kept in a damp cloth or piece of gauze in a warm room. Soon they should hatch.

Seeds are planted at a short distance from each other. For the appearance of sprouts, heat is needed, the temperature should be in the range of 22 - 25 degrees.

But after the emergence of shoots, the temperature must be reduced to 18 - 20 degrees. Seedlings dive when 2-3 leaves appear on them. In this case, the seedlings are deepened by 1 centimeter.

During active growth, seedlings need regular watering, but water should not accumulate in the pan.

It is also very important to carry out ventilation, otherwise there is a danger of getting a blackleg. Once a week, seedlings are fed with fertilizer.

Transplanting

Although Chernobrivtsy tolerate transplantation well, Tagetes seedlings should be prepared for planting seedlings several weeks in advance. To fresh air, the plant must be accustomed gradually.

planted on permanent place it will be possible, when the threat of frost passes, and the soil warms up enough.

Usually this time falls at the beginning of June. It is better to choose a sunny place for landing. The soil must be loose. heavy ground improve peat or sand.

Digging the ground, bring mineral fertilizer. Seedlings are planted in holes, leaving the distance between them, as indicated in the label of this variety. Having placed the root system in a recess, compact with earth and water.

At favorable conditions, proper planting and care, marigolds will soon delight with their lush bright flowering and special aroma.

To propagate and plant your favorite tagetes variety, it is not necessary to buy seeds every year. You can collect them yourself.

Features of growing marigolds and caring for them

Planting and caring for marigolds in the open field is not difficult even for beginner gardeners, since this plant is unpretentious. With all this, do not forget about the simple rules that should be observed throughout the season.

For many types of marigolds, they are the same. Special attention should be given watering.

During active growth, marigolds need regular and abundant watering, and during the period of bud formation and flowering, it should be more moderate.

Do not forget about timely weeding. Chernobryvtsy flowers respond well to timely loosening and top dressing of the soil. For these purposes, it is good to use complex fertilizers.

Code to collect marigold seeds

Flowers reproduce well from their own seeds. They are formed in seed baskets after the end of flowering Chernobryvtsev.

To obtain seeds, they need to be picked in the fall before frost, dried and stored until the next season.

Marigolds are usually harvested after flowering, pulling out the withered plants along with the roots. But faded buds are also used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes.

Pests and diseases of marigolds

Due to the specific smell, marigolds are rarely exposed to diseases. But prolonged rainy, wet weather can become good condition for breeding slugs and snails.

They begin to eat leaves and stems of marigolds. Traps are set up to fight them.

Among marigold diseases, the most common are:

Humidity is a favorable environment for the development of the black leg. To prevent this from happening, it is important to monitor the condition of the soil. It shouldn't get wet.

The next disease, which leads to an excess of moisture - gray rot.

In dry summers, the plant can be attacked by spider mites. Onion infusion will help fight him.

Marigolds in garden design

Perennial marigolds look great in landscape design. They will decorate any corner. Marigolds in garden design look good both in beds and in flower beds, individual pots, flowerpots, containers.

It is interesting to stand out in the garden among vegetables, even potatoes, giving a joyful mood until late autumn.

Varieties of decorative marigolds number about 60 varieties. The most common among flower growers:

• eskimo marigolds,
• taishan marigolds,
• antigua,
• vanilla,
• bolero,
• mimic.

The pride of any gardener can be white flowers, as they were recently bred by breeders.

Seeds of these varieties are difficult to find, and it is impossible to preserve parental traits collected from their own plants. A flowerbed of marigolds of this color will look great in combination with other flowers.

The short, dwarf varieties of tagetes patula are mostly curly. Among them are often found: carmen, petit, lunasi, antigua and others. Among perennial species marigolds are also bush.

The most popular varieties for growing: Tagetes erect or African. It belongs to tall marigolds.

Bushes up to 1 meter high. Terry flowers, up to 15 cm in diameter, are orange, yellow, cream, golden. good decoration there will be varieties of marigolds with bright flowers, seated along garden paths.

There are three main types of marigolds:

1. Thin-leaved,
2. rejected,
3. Upright.

Tagetes rejected- undersized, small-flowered plant, no more than 60 cm high. Bushes are compact, sprawling.

Inflorescences up to 8 cm in diameter. Petals can be yellow, orange, golden, and are also bicolor. Differs in unpretentiousness, cold resistance.

To rejected varieties relate:

• Carmen
• Gold Ball,
• Lemon marigolds.

Thin-leaved, mexican marigolds - have openwork foliage and small flowers. There are many hybrids of this species. Bushes 20-40 cm high. Small-flowered varieties will add color to any flower garden or flower bed.

Tagetes erect - a tall, large-flowered plant up to 120 cm. The diameter of the inflorescences reaches 15 cm. The flowers are plain, double.

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An indispensable decoration of any mikborder or garden path will be bright marigold varieties with photos and names that will make it easier for you to choose the right plant. And the growing secrets described in this article will help you grow healthy seedlings and achieve abundant and long flowering.

Wild marigolds are widely distributed throughout America. Their distribution to other parts of the world was influenced by maritime trade and the colonization of America by the conquistadors. The conquerors brought marigolds to Italy, from where they quickly spread throughout Europe, ended up in Russia and Asia.

Carl Linnaeus gave them the name Tagetes (tagetes), comparing their appearance in Europe with the birth of the demigod Tages (grandson of Jupiter). He emerged from the furrow of the earth in the form of a boy, possessing beauty and intelligence. The British called the flower "Mary's gold", the Germans called it the Turkish carnation, and the Ukrainians call them Chernobrivtsy.

Marigolds belong to the Compositae (aster) family, their leaves and flowers emit a specific spicy smell. They can be annual or perennial. The root system of the plant is fibrous, without a pronounced central root. Lies in upper layers soil. Height can vary from 15 to 120 cm.

The appearance of the plant depends entirely on the variety. Stems erect, branched. The leaves are often dissected, pinnatipartite, their color is replete with shades of green. On the stem, they can be located both in the next and in the opposite order.

On a note! The varietal affiliation of Tagetes is determined by the structure of their inflorescences.

Inflorescences are represented by baskets, which can be in all shades of yellow, orange, brown and red, as well as their combinations. The central part of the inflorescence consists of many stamens, reed female flowers are located along the edge. The heads differ in the number of petals.

Blooms profusely from May until frost. Achenes are black, elongated, narrowed at the base. They have a high percentage of germination and retain this property for up to four years.

plant application

Bright fluffy inflorescences, coupled with abundant greenery, will decorate any garden, flower bed, mixborder. Due to its unpretentiousness, it is widely used in landscape design. City flower beds quite often abound with tagetes of various varieties.

Low-growing species are used for edging garden paths and curbs, tall ones can become the main focus of your garden. A variety of colors of inflorescences gives great scope for creating unique design garden.

Our American will be able to bring great benefits and cultivated plants. The abundance of essential oils contained in it will help to defeat many pests:

• aphids, weevils;
• thrips;
• nematodes;
• caterpillars;
• Colorado beetle;
• nematodes;
• onion fly.

Important! Do not rush to dispose of faded plants. They can become a fertilizer that can protect the soil from diseases and pests.

Chop the growth or cut it with a flat cutter into the upper layers of the soil. Such material will become a good green manure, help protect against fusarium, fungal diseases.

Chernobrivtsy are also used in cooking. Imeretian saffron is made from them, which gives the dishes a unique flavor. The French use the petals to give pickled vegetables more elasticity and prolong storage. Fresh petals will add a special touch to vegetable salads, meat dishes.

Carotenes and lutein are natural dyes. They are widely used in the food industry.

Essential oil has found application in perfumery, because it has notes of citrus and basil. France breeds large plantations of Tagetes to create their famous perfumes.

Medicinal properties of marigolds

In addition to the abundance of essential oils, the plant is rich in phytoncides. They have a number of antimicrobial properties. The composition contains a number of vitamins and minerals:

1. Potassium helps to restore the water-salt balance of the body, has a beneficial effect on the heart, has a diuretic and diaphoretic effect.
2. Vitamin C is able to strengthen the immune system, the walls of blood vessels, increase joint mobility.
3. Magnesium calms the nervous system, is building material for cells, helps to break down glucose, allows you to fight vascular diseases, diabetes.
4. Selenium is a powerful antioxidant with high anti-aging properties.
5. Calcium is good for bones and teeth.
6. Folic acid protects the fetus from neural tube defects.

The role of iron in the body is very large - the trace element is responsible for transporting oxygen to all cells of the body, participates in metabolism and normalizes the secretory function of the pancreas.

Traditional medicine has been using marigolds for a very long time. On their basis, oils, decoctions, extracts, tinctures are made. Can also be used fresh. The flower has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypotensive, antispasmodic, anthelmintic, sedative, diuretic properties.

Remember! The content of antioxidants allows the use of "Mary's gold" for cosmetic purposes. Shampoos, creams, masks, lotions are created from them.

plant species

Tagetes can be classified according to various criteria. Growing time:

• annuals. Grown by seedling method;
• perennial. They grow by self-sowing.

By plant size:

• dwarf. Height does not exceed 12-15 cm;
• undersized. Reach 15-30 cm;
• medium. Size about 50 cm;
• tall: 50-70 cm;
• giant have a height of up to 120 cm.

According to the structure of the head:

1. Chrysanthemum. Outwardly similar to the flower of the same name, the marginal petals are large, tubular.
2. Anemone - have 1-3 rows of petals, the core consists of large tubular female flowers.
3. Terry (densely terry) - the basket is crowned with a large number of tubular petals, which are arranged in dense rows.
4. Semi-double - have 2-5 rows of reed petals.
5. Clove-colored - differ in wavy petals along the edges.
6. Simple. Their heads consist of a tubular middle and one row of reed petals.

On a note! Not everyone will like the aroma of Chernobrivtsy, so breeders have bred varieties that are completely devoid of a characteristic smell.

The most widespread are three hybrid varieties:

• upright;
• thin-leaved;
• rejected.

Varieties upright

The upright or African species of Tagetes is mainly represented by tall hybrids. Bushes reach 100-120 cm in height, and caps up to 15 cm in diameter, plain, terry. Can keep fresh for a long time when cut.

Large specimens will become the main focus of your mixborder or create a beautiful backdrop. Consider the most popular varieties of Tagetes erecta:

1. Antigua. The owner of short stature (only 25 cm) and many inflorescences (8-12 cm in diameter), which are represented by yellow and orange hues. Branches well enough and blooms profusely.
2. Gelber Stein. Tall, reaches 70 cm, but cannot boast of large heads. Their diameter is half that of Antigua. The petals have a golden-lemon hue.
3. Vanilla. This representative compares favorably with its counterparts with its soft creamy, terry baskets with a diameter of up to 15 cm. It retains freshness for a long time when cut.
4. Gold dollar reaches a height of more than a meter, but has a very compact bush. The leaves are thick and large. Caps are large, painted in red, orange tones.
5. Amber. Gustomahrovye heads form a dense cap of amber color. Low, up to 45 cm, compact. Branches very strongly.
6. Lemon Prize. A distinctive feature is the presence of a pinkish coating on the stem. Reaches half a meter in height. It has densely double inflorescences of a bright lemon hue and lush dark leaves.

On a note! Majority high grades grown for cutting. They retain their original freshness for a long time, have a pleasant aroma.

gold dollar

lemon prize

Thin-leaved tagetes

This species is one of the most unpretentious, able to grow on shaded, gassed and polluted soils. In its native Mexico, it grows along roadsides. It is distinguished by pinnately dissected leaves, which smell very pleasant and are used in cooking.

Small growth (about 40 cm) is a feature, as is the abundance of small inflorescences, reminiscent of a multi-colored fountain. The root system is very powerful, the lower part of the stem has adventitious roots. The most beautiful are the following varieties:

1. Golden Ring. A sprawling representative about half a meter high. The most delicate lacy leaves are crowned with small caps, the size of which is about three centimeters. Bright yellow stars will delight you from June to September.
2. Lulu. Favorably stands out among its thin-leaved counterparts with abundant flowering. Small heads (2-3 cm in diameter) have a bright lemon color. Small size - up to 25 cm, allows you to create decorations for flowerpots and borders from plantings, suitable for growing on a balcony.
3. Dwarf. One of the most common Chernobrivts, which are used for finishing urban flower beds. A hybrid about 25 cm high has spherical baskets with a large yellow pillow in the middle. Petals are painted in brown-orange tones. Differs in early flowering.
4. Paprika. Another inhabitant of urban plantings. It has non-terry heads of red color and a fluffy yellow core. Flowering is abundant and long. The bush itself (25 cm tall) is compact, has a spherical shape, and is decorative.

Important! For proper development and abundant flowering, seedlings need a temperature above +15 degrees.

golden ring

Rejected Chernobrivtsy

This species is also called French, although Mexico is the birthplace of plants. Most often they are used to decorate rock gardens, flower beds and balconies. Low bushes (up to 55 cm) are densely crowned with orange caps of terry inflorescences.

Popular varieties:

1. Vilmorin. It has densely double flowers of bright orange color. Height is about 25-27 cm.
2. Cherry bracelet. Dense undersized bushes have dense greenery and terry hats. Bottom part petals and their outer edge are painted in orange tones. The upper part is bright red, which becomes cherry over time.
3. Golden ball. Marigolds have delicate green foliage and a strongly branching stem. Terry hats appear quite early, have a rich yellow tint. Suitable for decorating carpet beds.
4. Carmen. It looks like a bright red fluffy skirt, framed at the edges with orange tones. Lush heads reach 6-7 cm in diameter. It blooms for a long time and perfectly tolerates transplanting at any time during its growing season.
5. Queen Sofia. Low and dense representatives of this variety have powerful greenery, densely covered with large (up to 7 cm) caps. The petals are burgundy with a wide yellow-orange edging along the edge.
6. Fire ball. Fully justifies its name, because the petals have fiery red hues. The core is brown, fluffy. The hybrid itself is tall and dense, reaches 70 cm. It is distinguished by early flowering, which ends with the onset of frost.

On a note! Temperature drop is detrimental to the native inhabitants of America. When planting seedlings, wait for the complete retreat of spring frosts or arrange shelter for the seedlings.

wilmorin

golden ball

queen sofia

Varieties of perennial marigolds

Most gardeners mistakenly think that Tagetes are annual plants. There are a number of marigolds that are very unpretentious in care and reproduce by self-sowing. Primarily they are grown from seedlings, planted in a certain area. In the future, they drop seeds on the soil every autumn. During the season, new specimens are formed from them. There are very few perennials and, as a rule, they are undersized:

1. Bonanza Series. Includes several varieties: harmony, orange, bolero. Derived from the French (rejected) species. Heads come in a wide range of shades, from bright yellow to brick red. Caps are clove-shaped, about 5-6 cm. The hybrid itself grows quite densely, undersized - 25-30 cm. This series is distinguished by early flowering, which begins two months later from seed germination.
2. Carmen. Representative of the rejected Chernobrivtsy. Forms dense, low bushes (up to 30 cm), replete with red baskets (6-7 cm). The edges of the petals have an orange border.

Annual and hybrid marigolds

Every year, breeders carry out painstaking work to develop new hybrids. They hone their skills, creating for us plants that are unique in their color and structure. All annuals are subdivided depending on their growth.

High, medium and low varieties

High and medium hybrids, whose growth ranges from 50-70 cm, include:

1. Aztec Lime Green. Marigolds are 45-50 cm high. They have unusual densely double lime-green heads that grow up to 12 cm. Flowering later, begins at the end of July.
2. Taishan. Medium-sized hybrid with densely double caps of orange, yellow or white flowers. Perfectly fills the empty spaces of your flower bed, giving it sophistication.
   Durango. The hybrid has a wide range of shades - they can be red, yellow, tangerine. Small contrasting inclusions give them a special charm.
3. Gold ring. It has lush inflorescences of a golden hue, with small brown patches along the edges. The height of the hybrid is 60-65 cm. It is equipped with thin, dark green leaves.
4. Fireball. Tall tagetes up to 75 cm. It has dense foliage, sprawling. The edges of the petals are edged with yellow, the main color is brick red.
5. Goldlicht. Hybrid with hemispherical clove-shaped caps up to 12 cm in size. Size 75-85 cm.

On a note! Tall and medium marigolds do not tolerate abundant watering and rainy weather. Their heads lose their decorative effect from excess moisture.

gold ring

Undersized representatives of Chernobrivtsy are the best decoration of lawns, borders, suitable for balcony plantings. The following hybrids are most loved by gardeners:

1. Mandarin. Clove-shaped inflorescences have an appetizing tangerine hue. For a relatively small bush (up to 30 cm), they reach a diameter of 7-8 cm. It blooms early and pleases with its decorative effect before the first frost.
2. Tiger's Eye. Orange, terry hybrid, has a densely pubescent brown core.
   The size of Chernobrivets is 30-35 cm, caps - 6-7 cm.
3. Petit. It has large terry heads, 6-7 cm in size. Their shade is dark orange, close to red. Abundant foliage creates a crown up to 30 cm high.
   Golden jewel. Gustomahrovye inflorescences crown the crown of a richly leafy plant. Height 30-35 cm.
4. Gaby. Undersized (20-30 cm) hybrid with simple bright lemon caps. The greenery is small, widely dissected.
5. Bolero. A favorite of gardeners and landscapers. It is so unpretentious that it tolerates almost any conditions and soil composition. It branches very strongly, has a thick cap in the shape of a ball. Their shades range from yellow to brown-red.

Varieties giants and dwarfs

And now let's take a closer look at atypical representatives of marigolds. These include giant species that have sprawling bushes up to 150 cm tall, and delicate dwarf babies with modest flowers that richly crown the crown of the plant. Giant Tagetes:

1. Golden dollar. It has large orange baskets. Despite its high growth (up to 125 cm), it has a compact size, with dense and large foliage. Flowering begins early, in June.
2. Alaska. The giant has a crown size of up to 110 cm. Lush white caps of a spherical shape keep for a long time in the cut.
3. Yellow stone. Over 1 meter. Large terry petals of golden yellow tones, have the shape of a ball. It is replete with lateral shoots, which makes it seem very spreading.
4. Kilimanjaro. Another hybrid with fluffy creamy baskets. It was bred to create bouquets.
5. Solar giant. The name speaks for itself - the growth of the hybrid is about 90 cm. The spherical caps are bright orange in color, densely sitting on thickened stems.
6. Smiles. Hybrid up to 110 cm tall. Hats about 8 cm, painted in various shades yellow and orange.
7. Lemon Queen. A real giant with growth up to 130 cm and bright yellow buds.
8. Hawaii. A strongly branched hybrid about 90 cm high. It has large (up to 15 cm), dense, densely doubled orange buds.

Know! Most giant hybrids are able to spend the winter at home, becoming a real decoration of your home.

yellow stone

kalimanjaro

lemon queen

Dwarf Chernobrivtsy :

1. Eskimo. Fluffy vanilla buds are located on a green carpet up to 15 cm tall. It is highly valued by gardeners for its decorative effect.
2. Lunasy. Delicate orange-yellow balls create a fluffy carpet on a green array. It belongs to super-dwarf types with sizes up to 15 cm. It is distinguished by very early flowering.
3. Lemon jam. The dwarf spherical crown is densely dotted with terry yellow baskets. Dwarf varieties can act as carpeting for your garden, their delicate dense greenery is replete with bright hats, and is highly decorative.
4. Tagetes anisala. A heat-loving inhabitant of Mexico, which can be successfully grown in our latitudes. A distinctive feature is the persistent aroma of tarragon. Yes, and it tastes very similar to the greens of the same name. Abundant flowering will be a big plus for this edible marigold.

The specifics of planting and caring for the plant, the nuances of growing seedlings

Gardeners adore marigolds for their unpretentiousness in cultivation and care. Seeds have high germination, which lasts for 3-4 years. You can buy them in a specialized store or prepare them yourself. To do this, select healthy specimens and wrap the fading baskets with a cloth bag.

Since perennials reproduce by windy seeding, their achenes are very light and can accidentally spill out, and this method will allow you to easily get seed. Seeds can be stored in paper bags at temperatures up to 20 degrees and normal humidity.

Preparation for sowing work includes:

• selection of containers for sowing;
• substrate manufacturing;
• preparing seeds for sowing.

Can be used as a storage tank regular box for seedlings.

Important! Take care of drainage. It will help protect the root system from waterlogging and provide air flow to the roots.

To do this, small holes must be made in the prepared container, and a layer of a mixture of coarse sand, expanded clay and pieces of charcoal should be laid on the bottom. This measure will also help to avoid the "black leg" - a dangerous fungal disease capable of destroying seedlings.

The seedlings are undemanding to the composition of the soil. Suitable for them as well. purchased soil, and the soil mixture of our own production. Experienced gardeners use the following composition: peat, humus, garden soil and sand in a ratio of 1:1:1:0.5. It does not hurt to pre-steam the garden soil and treat it with a fungicidal solution.

Self-collected seeds should be disinfected. Place them for 15 minutes in a pink solution of potassium permanganate. This technique will help to grow healthy seedlings. Despite good germination, the seeds are soaked before sowing. They are wrapped in a moistened cloth and put in a warm place for 2-3 days. After awakening, the seed is ready to be planted.

Early forcing, which is produced in March, will speed up the process of obtaining flowering specimens. Seeds are sown in a filled planting container at a distance of 1.5-2 cm from each other. From above they need to be sprinkled with a layer of substrate of 1-1.5 cm.

Remember! Before the appearance of the senets, remove the box in a dark place and ensure the temperature regime is 22-25 degrees.

After the appearance of sprouts, place the seedling container in a bright place and lower the temperature to 15-18 degrees. Watering should be moderate and very careful. With the advent of the second leaf, you can start picking. Any container is suitable for it, because tagetes are able to calmly and painlessly transfer the transplant process at any time.

In the process of picking, deepen the plant a little, this technique will help form a strong root system. After a week, apply the first top dressing. Choose compounds rich in nitrogen and potassium. As they grow, harden off your seedlings by bringing them to Fresh air. So, she will quickly get used to the growing conditions in the garden.

The moment of planting in open ground will come after the last frost has passed. In the middle lane, this is the middle or end of May. When in doubt, or if the weather conditions suddenly worsen, take care of your wards by creating a safe shelter for them.

Apart from seedling method, you can sow the material directly into open ground. Take care of choosing a place in advance. It should be sunny and well-drained. It does not hurt to fertilize the soil by adding humus, compost to it. In open ground, sowing is carried out in furrows. The seeding depth is 3-4 cm. After emergence, the planting can be thinned out.

Important! When sowing and planting outdoors, use the planting pattern described on the seed package.

Caring for marigolds is simple, it includes:

1. Moderate watering. It is better to water twice a day, but moderately, rather than pour. Excessive moisture can destroy the root system, causing putrefactive diseases. In addition, the soil ball will stick together and disrupt root respiration.
2. Weeding. Timely remove weeds that can deprive your seedlings nutrients. Mulching the soil will facilitate this process.
3. Loosening. This procedure is necessary for root breathing. Loosen the soil weekly and Chernobrivtsy will grow healthy.
4. Application of fertilizers. As already mentioned, tagetes is very unpretentious and may well do without this measure. However, the application of potassium-phosphorus fertilizers can prolong the flowering period. Top dressing is applied three times during the growing season (approximately once a month).
5. Removal of wilted heads. This measure will achieve the ideal decorative appearance of the plant and stimulate the formation of new baskets.

Remember! After the onset of frost, marigolds are removed from the garden or processed. They will become a good fertilizer with fungicidal properties.

The special smell of the plant has become a natural defense against pests. They don't even come close to being green. However, in a dry summer, a spider mite can encroach on marigolds. If you notice thin threads of this pest, treat them with garlic infusion or special products.

To prevent the occurrence of gray, top and root rot, regulate watering. If the disease has manifested itself, immediately remove the bush and burn it. Snails and slugs raid the delicate greenery. You can scare them away by placing containers with bleach in the aisles, but you should collect pests manually.

Popular varieties of marigolds photo

orange flame

Where to buy tagetes seedlings, price

If for some reason you do not want to grow seedlings yourself, they can be purchased at almost any nursery, store or market. The price for them is relatively low and ranges from 10 to 40 rubles apiece.

New hybrids are more expensive. Choose only healthy and strong specimens. After buying, do not rush to plant them in the garden. It is necessary to arrange a small quarantine for the seedlings and treat them with disinfecting solutions, for example, potassium permanganate or phytosporin.

If you wish, you can easily breed marigolds in your garden, the varieties with photos and names described in the article will help you not only choose suitable plant but also to provide proper care. And the sunny tagetes will delight you with flowering all season.

It is probably hard to find a person who does not know such a flower as marigolds. This is bright plant can be seen everywhere - in squares and parks, in gardens and near houses, on loggias and balconies, it pleases with its magnificent flowering until the onset of winter frosts.

Marigolds (Tagétes) are fragrant perennials and annuals that are distinguished by their bright colors and long flowering. The petals of these flowers, collected in terry inflorescences or simple, and can be of different shades - brick red to light lemon. The height of the bushes also differs - from "dwarf", which are no more than 12-16 cm, to "giant", which grow up to 2 meters in height. Due to this species diversity, this flower is actively used in the design of house adjoining and garden plots.

Varieties of marigolds: photo and description

Today there are about 60 varieties of marigolds, most of which grow in South and Central America. Plants differ in the shape of petals and leaves, color and structure, size of inflorescences. As a rule, marigolds have a recognizable and bright aroma, but today hybrids have already been bred that do not have a strongly pronounced aroma, for example, the Gold Dollar variety.

On the continent of Eurasia, the most such varieties have become very popular, as:

• Tagetes tenuifolia or Marigolds thin-leaved;
• Tagetes patula L. or Marigolds rejected;
• Tagetes erecta L. or erect marigolds.

Among these varieties there are both annual and perennial flowers. various shapes and heights.

Varieties of undersized marigolds

All varieties of this species are traditionally used to decorate lawns, flower beds, paths. They are also great as balcony flowers and for decorating flower arrangements in pots. Among the low marigolds, you can find both perennial and annual plants.

perennial marigolds

Special mention must be made of perennial varieties of marigolds. Most gardeners think that marigolds are an annual flower. But some species can reproduce by self-seeding. The flower does not need to be dug up, the plant itself will throw off the seeds and in the spring they will sprout into healthy and full-fledged bushes. Perennial marigolds can be seen in our region not so often, these include the following undersized species, as:

• Carmen;
• Orangeflamme;
• Bonanza.

Any perennial plants are good because summer residents do not need to sow seeds and grow seedlings every year. If you want to avoid unnecessary hassle, then you need to pay attention to perennials, for example, the following varieties.

Grade Bonanza

Refers to a variety of rejected tagetes. The color of the flowers of this species can be anything from bright yellow to variegated orange-red. bushes small size, grow only up to 20-35 cm. The flower is terry, medium in size, the size of the inflorescence is up to 7 cm. Flowering occurs approximately 3 months after planting the seeds, and passes until the first frost. The Bonanza variety includes a large number of varieties:

• Harmony;
• Bolero;
• Flame;
• Orange

Carmen

Just like Bonanza, it is a type of rejected marigold. As the flower grows, it forms a small bush up to 35 cm in size. The petals have carnation-shaped lush flowers in a brown-orange color with a pronounced yellow in the middle. The size of each flower, as a rule, is no more than 7-8 cm.

Hybrids and annuals. Photo and description

Almost every year new hybrids and varieties of annual marigolds are created, because this flower will never bore you, constantly striking with its new form and coloring. Here are a few of the most common cultivars among low annuals.

Mandarin

As the name suggests, this species marigold is characterized by a tangerine bright color. The flowers are clove-shaped, double, 7-8 cm in size. They are a variety of rejected marigolds. Creates a spherical and thick bush up to 30 cm in size.

petit orange

This flower forms into small bushes (up to 30 cm) with abundant foliage. Terry buds of a bright red hue up to 7 cm in diameter.

Red Gem

Flowers of a spherical type, which grow in length no more than 35 cm, are distinguished by a pinnately dissected form of leaves and thin stems. The inflorescence is small and simple - up to 3 cm in diameter. Color - burgundy red, in the middle of the blotches yellow shade. Blooms quite extensively.

Antigua

It is a variety of upright marigolds. It forms small bushes up to 30 cm high. The flowers are quite large, they can reach a girth of about 20 cm. As a rule, no more than 5-6 inflorescences appear on a bush. The color is monophonic, you can find marigolds of orange, golden, yellow hue.

Eyes of the Tiger

These marigolds do not exceed 35 cm in size. The flower has the average size- approximately 6-7 cm in circumference. The color is quite bright, usually orange, the center of the flower often has a darker color than the edges.

kilimanjaro

Inflorescences of a beautiful pure white color, which form dense double flowers. The size of the flowers in the circle is average - approximately 6-7 cm. The size of the bushes is about 35 cm.

Varieties of tall marigolds

Tall types of these flowers look great in multi-level flower beds, in which flowers of various heights are planted. They can be planted in the middle of a round flower bed, along the walls of the house or along the fence. These beautiful flowers will delight the eye with their continuous and abundant bloom from May until the first frost. Among the "giant" marigolds, flower growers are very fond of such varieties.

Hawaii

The flowers are strongly branched up to 90 cm in size. It has clove-colored flowers, the inflorescences are double and dense, usually orange or yellow. The size in the circumference of one inflorescence can reach up to 18 cm.

Lemon Queen

Quite tall plants that reach a height of up to 150 cm. The buds are clove-shaped, the size of an individual inflorescence reaches 10 cm. The color is usually lemon yellow.

Smiles

The size of this plant is not more than 90 cm. This variety is distinguished by the original color of the petals, which combine yellow, orange and golden colors. The flowers themselves are small, clove-shaped, no more than 9 cm in size.

Glitters

Marigolds reach a size of about 120 cm. It has quite abundant flowering. Chrysanthemum flower buds, small in size - about 7 cm. Petals of a yellow-golden hue.

Mary Helen

These flowers form a dense bush up to 1 meter in size. The buds are quite large - up to 12 cm in circumference, have a clove-like appearance. Inflorescences of a beautiful lemon color.

To decorate your personal plot, you do not need to dwell on any one type of marigold. Experiment, plant different varieties and types, and then your flower garden will sparkle with the brightest colors.

Most flower growers opt for marigolds, since this plant is completely unpretentious in care - it grows quickly, sprouts well, is rarely susceptible to diseases, and does not need to create a special microclimate. But the cultivation of these flowers has certain specifics, which we will discuss later.

Planting seeds

Most often, seed producers are advised to plant marigolds in mid-spring, deepening them by about a few centimeters. Planting raw materials can not be soaked before, but it is still advisable to do this by wrapping the seeds in a wet bag or cloth. The sprouts will sprout in about one week.

Marigold seeds are planted in fertile and light soil. If you make the soil yourself, then you can prepare the following mixture:

• 1 part peat;
• 1 part of humus;
• 0.5 parts of sand;
• 1 part turf.

soil needed treat with manganese solution or fungicide for disinfection. Ready store flower soil is also suitable for sowing.

The water in the boxes for seedlings of marigolds should not stagnate, that is, you need to make drainage drainage at the bottom of the tank (if it is not there) and lay a small stone on the bottom.

Seeds are planted at a distance of 1.6-2.1 cm between themselves, making small grooves for this. From above fall asleep with a small layer of soil. A week after sowing, the first sprouts will appear. In addition to the above method, seeds can also be sown directly into the ground. This should be done in early June, when the earth warms up well. It should be borne in mind that plants sown in the ground will bloom much later, unlike marigolds, which are planted in seedlings.

Requirements for light and ground

Marigolds are planted in open ground after the completion of all spring frosts. These flowers are quite sensitive to low temperatures, therefore it is advisable not to rush with planting, and wait until the soil warms up well.

This plant needs good nutrient soil, suitable neutral and loamy. If the soil is sandy, then you need to make it more dense by adding humus or black soil.

Most luxuriantly, these plants bloom under bright sunlight, so it is advisable to choose a place for their planting light and open, or a slight penumbra. When planting, it is necessary to take into account the variety of marigolds: high ones are planted at a distance of approximately 45 cm, medium - about 35 cm, undersized - at a distance of 10-18 cm.

During growth, seedlings need good watering. But, when flowering occurs, watering must be limited so that rotting of the root system of flowers does not appear. If the soil is sufficiently nutritious, then the flowers can not be fed. If the soil on the flower garden is not fertile enough, then you need to add bait several times during the growing season.

Care for marigolds consists in loosening the soil, weeding and timely watering. If you want to receive good flowering planted plants, be sure to remove faded buds.

Pests and diseases

These plants are very resistant to various kinds pests and diseases. Sometimes gray rot appears on marigolds. In this case, the infected bush must be removed so that this disease does not pass to healthy plants. AT hot weather spider mites can form on marigolds. These pests can be neutralized with the help of chemicals, or using folk methods - infusions of hot pepper or onion.

As you already understood from the article, marigolds are universal flowers that can be suitable both for interior design of a room and for decorating house adjoining and garden areas. For growing, which you will not need a lot of time and effort.

marigold flowers