Lianas are climbing plants. Creepers for the garden: an overview of the most unpretentious varieties of climbing

Lianas are plants with long flexible stems that grow upwards only with the help of some kind of support, twisting around it or clinging with tendrils, sucker roots, thorns and other devices. The word "liana" comes from the French "Peg", which means "to bind". Lianas are also called climbing plants. Indeed, in need of support, they "climb" on any object suitable for this purpose: a tree, a bush, a hedge.

Description of the liana plant

It is enough for creepers to take root, find support, as their flexible, fast-growing shoots ascend to a height of up to 25 m or weave a horizontal carpet of lush greenery. Lianas are wonderfully combined with other plants, such as conifers.

They climb up or spread over the surface with the help of their special devices: suckers, trailers, antennae, adventitious roots.
Some do not have special attachment organs, but form stems in a special way, wrapping around a support or leaning on it with their side branches, holding on to branches with needles, thorns, thorns, even pubescence of stems and leaves.

Lianas are:
annual and perennial
herbaceous and woody,
evergreen and deciduous.

Some of them amaze with their abundant exotic flowers, others - do not bloom, but please with a wide range of leaf colors. Currently, there are more than 2.2 thousand species of vines on our planet, belonging to various families.

Spreading

They are distributed throughout the globe, with the exception of the polar regions, the alpine belt of mountains, steppes and deserts, where climatic conditions are unfavorable for the development of long stems in plants.

Most vines, both in number of species and in distribution, are found in areas with a tropical and subtropical climate, especially in tropical rainforests: 2000 species of vines grow in the tropics, and only 200 species in temperate countries. Lianas can be woody and herbaceous plants, evergreen and deciduous, annual and perennial.

Classification

According to its method of attachment to the support tropical creepers can be classified into four main groups: root-climbing, climbing, leaning and cirriform.

All ROOT-CLIMBING vines have adventitious roots that develop only on the support-facing (shady) side of the stem. With their help, plants are able to grow into various cracks and irregularities. AT natural conditions root-climbing vines are attached to rocks and tree bark. This group includes syngonium, ivy, syngonium, philodendron, rooting and creeping ficus, and also one of the few liana cacti - selenicereus or "queen of the night".

TWISTING vines, widespread in nature, wrap around the support in a helical manner, forming an extended spiral. Growing shoots of climbing vines, in search of support, make circular movements, wrapping themselves around each other in its absence. Curly vines include stephanotis, monstera, pepper, tunbergia, etc.
Creepers that do not have special organs for attachment and do not wrap around a support are called LEANING. They hold on to the branches of other plants, relying on them with thorns, spines, pubescence, or lateral shoots bent at a right angle. This group includes species such as climbing roses, bougainvillea.

ANTI-BEARING vines are fixed on a support with special organs - antennae, which have increased sensitivity. They wrap around the support and, pulling up the shoots, twist into a spiral. On the tendrils of some types of vines there are suckers that secrete a sticky substance and are able to hold the plant even on such a smooth surface as glass. The group of cirriform vines includes cissus, passionflower, tetrastigma.

Application

The use of vines by man is varied. Many of them are valuable food plants: vines and hops have been known to people since ancient times, just like many legumes (beans, peas, beans, soybeans, vetch). The well-known melon and cucumber are annual vines originating from tropical deserts and semi-deserts of Africa and Asia, watermelon - Africa.

how ornamental plants creepers are widely used in landscaping residential and office buildings, gardens, parks, and household plots.
There are many possibilities vertical gardening garden, which has not only decorative, but also functional value. Creepers are ideal for a small garden, braiding the facades of houses, walls and fences, twisting arches, arbors and pergolas, they harmoniously connect building structures with a garden, divide it into independent sections, create cozy corners, for relaxation and privacy, protecting them from noise, wind, sunlight and prying eyes. It is unlikely that your neighbors in the country will object if, instead of the usual boring fence, there are picturesque walls made of plants grown on trellises. Evergreen ivy, very popular in countries with mild climates, retains its attractiveness in winter, while climbing roses, clematis or annuals climbing plants decorate the garden only in summer. Supporting structures in the form of obelisks, pyramids or columns, densely entwined with flowering plants, often become the center of the composition in the garden or its individual corners.

They are used by creepers in the interior of rooms for different purposes: it is good to shade a sunny window in the summer, or, for example, by installing a flower girl with a lattice wrapped in ivy, asparagus, to fence off part of the living room or a corner in the lobby of the holiday home. Large creepers (monstera, tetrastigma) look spectacular against the background of the wall winter garden. Small creepers (scindapsus, ivy, roicissus) can decorate the wall of a living room or study. Many creepers are used as ampelous plants.

Liana plant. A photo

Liana plant. Photo: Tony Hisgett

Climbing and climbing plants by nature itself seem to be designed to mask ugly buildings with their decorative foliage or many flowers, cover bare walls and fences, and decorate the trunks of old trees. By skillfully selecting different types of vines that bloom at the same time, you can create a wide variety of colorful compositions. True, for the overall impression, the shape, material and color of the supporting structures play an important role. By the way, many climbing and climbing plants grow well in pots, and you can also buy or make original supports for them.

Video: Liana
Bougainvillea - fabulously beautiful liana



Not being able to freely stay in the air, they find vertical support with the help of tendrils, adventitious roots, attachments and rise high in the air, where they develop foliage and flowers. Liana is one of the life forms of plants.

Lianas are characteristic mainly of tropical forests (according to Grisebach, in the West Indian forests 33% of lianas), where they, twisting around trees, clinging to them with antennae, suckers, throwing their branches from tree to tree, sometimes form impenetrable thickets. In temperate climates, creepers are not so frequent (in Europe, about 1.8%). Here they do not give the landscapes that characteristic feature like under the tropics.

In a systematic sense, the vines are very diverse. There are also mystic plants between them ( Pteridophyta), For example, Equisetum giganteum(giant horsetail), Lycopoduim volubile(curly club moss), Selaginella, many ferns ( Lygodium, Gleichenia etc.), and phanerogamous plants, like gymnosperms, for example, species Ephedra, Gnetum, and angiosperms; the predominant number of vines belongs to the last group of plants. Of the monocot vines, the following families are rich: Lily (205 genera), Amaryllis (63 genera), Dioscorea (9 genera), Cereals (315 genera); Dicotyledonous: Pepper (11 genera), (55 genera), Nettle (41 genera), Goosefoot (83 genera), Annonaceae (61 genera), Ranunculaceae (27 genera), Rutaceae (101 genera), Euphorbiaceae (212 genera), Saxifrage (66 genera), Melastoma (133 genera), Pink (79 genera), Bignoniaceae (55 genera), Norichnikovye (166 genera), Rubiaceae (346 genera), Asteraceae (835 genera), etc.

In morphological and anatomical terms, creepers represent many interesting features related to their diverse lifestyles. Their stems, protruding from the seed during germination, often first produce mustaches, suckers, etc., and then leaves. According to the method of attachment, the vines fall into four more or less separate groups:

• some are attached with tendrils, such as grapes, bryony;
• others by special organs called suckers; for example, ivy, which is sucked on by special short roots coming out of bottom surface branches;
• still others do not have special attachment organs, but the stems themselves twist around trees, stamens, etc., for example, hops, bindweeds, and under the tropics, many huge lianas from different families equipped with woody trunks;
• finally, the fourth special attachment organs also do not have, but their stems are held between the branches of trees, leaning on them with their side branches, needles, thorns, etc., for example, many palm trees.

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Literature

• Shenk H. Beiträge zur Biologie und Anatomie der Lianen. - (Jena, 1892-1893).
• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

• creepers- article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.

An excerpt characterizing Liana

"What are they doing? - thought Prince Andrei, looking at them: - why does not the red-haired artilleryman run when he has no weapons? Why doesn't the Frenchman prick him? Before he has time to run, the Frenchman will remember the gun and stab him.”
Indeed, another Frenchman, with a gun overweight, ran up to the fighters, and the fate of the red-haired artilleryman, who still did not understand what awaited him, and triumphantly pulled out the banner, was to be decided. But Prince Andrei did not see how it ended. As if from the full swing of a strong stick, one of the nearest soldiers, as it seemed to him, hit him in the head. It hurt a little, and most importantly, unpleasant, because this pain entertained him and prevented him from seeing what he was looking at.
"What is it? I'm falling? my legs give way, ”he thought, and fell on his back. He opened his eyes, hoping to see how the fight between the French and the artillerymen ended, and wishing to know whether the red-haired artilleryman had been killed or not, whether the guns had been taken or saved. But he didn't take anything. Above him there was nothing but the sky—a high sky, not clear, but still immeasurably high, with gray clouds quietly creeping across it. “How quiet, calm and solemn, not at all the way I ran,” thought Prince Andrei, “not the way we ran, shouted and fought; not in the same way as the Frenchman and the artilleryman dragged each other's bannik with angry and frightened faces - not at all like the clouds crawling across this high, endless sky. How could I not have seen this lofty sky before? And how happy I am that I finally got to know him. Yes! everything is empty, everything is a lie, except for this endless sky. Nothing, nothing but him. But even that is not even there, there is nothing but silence, calmness. And thank God!…"

On the right flank at Bagration at 9 o'clock, the matter had not yet begun. Not wanting to agree to Dolgorukov's demand to start a business and wanting to deflect responsibility from himself, Prince Bagration suggested that Dolgorukov send the commander-in-chief to ask about it. Bagration knew that, at a distance of almost 10 miles, separating one flank from the other, if they did not kill the one who was sent (which was very likely), and if he even found the commander-in-chief, which was very difficult, the sent one would not have time to return earlier evenings.
Bagration glanced at his retinue with his large, expressionless, sleepy eyes, and Rostov's childish face, involuntarily dying with excitement and hope, was the first to catch his eye. He sent it.
- And if I meet his majesty before the commander-in-chief, your excellency? - said Rostov, holding his hand to the visor.
“You can pass it on to His Majesty,” said Dolgorukov hastily interrupting Bagration.
Having changed from the chain, Rostov managed to sleep a few hours before morning and felt cheerful, bold, resolute, with that elasticity of movements, confidence in his happiness and in that mood in which everything seems easy, fun and possible.
All his desires were fulfilled this morning; was given pitched battle, he participated in it; moreover, he was an orderly under the bravest general; moreover, he went on an assignment to Kutuzov, and perhaps to the sovereign himself. The morning was clear, the horse under it was kind. His heart was full of joy and happiness. Having received the order, he started his horse and galloped along the line. At first he rode along the line of Bagration's troops, who had not yet entered into action and stood motionless; then he drove into the space occupied by Uvarov's cavalry and here he already noticed movements and signs of preparations for the case; having passed Uvarov's cavalry, he already clearly heard the sounds of cannon and cannon fire in front of him. The shooting intensified.

Creepers for the garden are climbing plants that are used for vertical gardening of country or garden plot. They are able to give the garden volume and additional beauty. Creepers grow quickly, do not require any special care. With their help, you can realize any ideas of the owner of the site.

Making an arch in the garden climbing vines

Huge selection liana helps to solve in the garden and on the site a lot of the most different tasks, and perform the following functions:

1. , walls or , .
2. Giving the garden a unique beauty and appeal.
3. Maintaining an optimal climate for the growth of certain plant species, as well as for the person himself.
4. Shelter from prying eyes.
5. Attracting insects for pollination flowering plants in the garden.
6. Create vertical hedges quickly with annual vine varieties.
7. Cultivation of vines to collect edible and healthy fruits.
8. Creation of special shady corners on the site for relaxation in the summer heat.

Creation of shade on the plot with vines

Annual varieties of lianas

All vines can be divided into two types: annual and perennial. The choice of gardeners between these two species often falls on annual varieties of vines. Among them, the following varieties are especially popular with gardeners: sweet pea, morning glory, ornamental beans, Kobe.

All annuals have a short lifespan and rapid growth. They belong to undemanding plants and do not require special care. But at the same time they need in large numbers Sveta.

Therefore, for planting it is better to choose well-lit sunny places. To grow an annual vine in your garden, you just need to buy and sow seeds. All, without exception, annuals need support. It can be absolutely any form. The main thing is to fix the hatched plants on it when they are still quite small, in order to avoid further confusing the plants with each other.

After the full prosperity of the annual, the vine is completely removed from the place allotted to it. The following year, any plant you like is planted in this place again. Often, annual vines are planted just now, to quickly give them a lively look. This is the most simple and in an efficient way- put any supports and put vines on them.

Perennial creepers

If you want to transform your garden or plot for a long time, it is better to make a choice in favor of perennial varieties of vines. But not all perennial varieties creepers for the garden immediately after planting are able to properly transform the site. Sometimes you have to wait a few years. The fastest growing perennials are different kinds clematis, girlish grapes, hops, petiole hydrangea, ivy, kirkazon, bryony, Aubert mountaineer.

An example of a perennial liana on the site

Almost all perennial varieties belong to rather unpretentious and undemanding plants, but there are still distinctive features. All perennial creepers are of two types:

• Tree vines. They grow in the same way as ordinary or shrubs. In the spring, they begin to grow from where their growth ended with the onset of cold weather. They are divided into the following types:

• Herbaceous species of vines. These creepers die off with the onset of autumn and sprout again with the onset of heat right from the roots. They are not covered for the winter, but simply cut off at the root.

Among all types of perennial vines for the garden, one can highlight such as: fruit-bearing vines with edible fruits and fruit-bearing ornamental vines.

Fruiting creepers with edible fruits

Fruit-bearing vines with fruits suitable for human consumption include the following varieties garden vines: red cucumber, actinidia, chinese lemongrass, honeysuckle, decorative pumpkin, grapes.

These creepers combine two properties at once - this is the external beauty of the plant and the presence of fruits suitable for human consumption. Their fruits contain many beneficial vitamins and minerals, and also have a therapeutic effect on the human body. Most best option for planting fruit-bearing vines - this is a small area.

Fruiting decorative vines

Fruiting decorative vines include: momordica, echinocystis, cardiospermum, kirkazon, bryonia, hops. Fruits from vines decorative type should not be eaten, they are simply optional.

It looks like a fruiting liana Chinese lemongrass

It is good to plant them on a site where absolutely all types of vines can be placed, both with fruits and decorative, and quite ordinary, pleasing to the eye only with their leaves and flowers.

The ability to climb and wrap around has developed in plants during evolution as an adaptation in the struggle for light. L. are confined mainly to forest types of vegetation. Most of them (over 2 thousand species) are in tropical rainforests (see fig.), for example, climbing palm trees Rotang and up to 300 long m. There are few L. in the temperate zone. In the USSR, they are distributed in the forests of Western Transcaucasia (species of clematis, blackberries, sarsaparilla, ivy, etc.), partly in Eastern Transcaucasia, in the Ussuri Territory (schisandra, actinidia, etc.). In the middle latitudes, grasses are usually herbaceous and are found in moist alder and willow forests (hops, calistegia, brook woodruff, bedstraw, bittersweet nightshade) and meadows ( different types peas and ranks). Among L. there are weeds - field bindweed, bindweed buckwheat. The most important cultivated plants are grapes, hops, and some legumes (for example, peas). Ornamental L. - different types of girlish grapes, beans, clematis, kirkazon, passionflower, and many others. Tropical and subtropical L. are often bred in rooms (real jasmine, some types of asparagus, etc.).

Lit.: Darwin Ch., Climbing plants, Soch., vol. 8, M. - L., 1941; Richards, P.W., Tropical Rainforest, trans. from English, M., 1961.

T. I. Serebryakova.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Liana" is in other dictionaries:

Large encyclopedic Dictionary

- (French liane, from lier to bind), plants with long stems that are not able to save vertical position and using other plants, rocks, buildings, etc. as a support. According to the nature of attachment, climbing and climbing grasses are distinguished. This is… … Biological encyclopedic dictionary

Climbing and creeping plants in tropical forests; with their branches they wrap around the trunks and branches of other plants. Complete dictionary foreign words that have come into use in Russian. Popov M., 1907. vines common name many types of creeping ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

- (French Lianes, from lier to bind), the life form of plants (for the first time isolated as such by A. Humboldt) with rapidly growing thin stems, using other plants as support or various structures, rocks, etc. Lianas ... ... Ecological dictionary

Modern Encyclopedia

creepers- VINES, woody and herbaceous climbing or climbing plants that use other plants, rocks, buildings, etc. as a support. Over 2 thousand species, mainly in humid tropical forests, as well as in the forests of the Caucasus, Carpathians (clematis, blackberries, ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

A variety of climbing plants, both woody, candle-green or falling leaves, and herbaceous, with perennial or annual stems. Not being able to float freely in the air, they rely on neighboring plants and ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

The word "Liana" has other meanings: see Liana. Cynanchum aphyllum ... Wikipedia

Woody and herbaceous climbing or climbing plants that use other plants, rocks, buildings, etc. as a support. Mostly in humid tropical forests (rattan palms, etc.), found in Transcaucasia (clematis, blackberries, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

creepers- lianos statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Laipiojantieji ir vijokliniai žoliniai arba sumedėję augalai, kuriems išsilaikyti vertikaliai ir iškelti lapus bei žiedus į šviesą reikia gretimų augalų arba. atitikmenys: … Ekologijos terminų aiskinamasis žodynas

Books

• Lianas, Belochkina Yulia Vadimovna. Lianas belong to those rare plants, which do not leave anyone indifferent, it is not without reason that from childhood many remember the tropical forest in the description of Korney Chukovsky, where they swayed ...

Liana temperate climate no less beautiful than its tropical relatives. This plant is interesting to use in landscape design for registration of hedges, arbors and scenery of walls. Description of popular species and care tips will be useful to gardeners.

Lianas include all climbing plants that do not have their own vertically growing stem, and cling to supports, rising above the ground up to the sun.

Liana is a many-sided plant, it can be an evergreen perennial, a herbaceous annual or a woody specimen with falling leaves. Creepers are attached to a vertical surface and tree trunks with antennae (grapes), sucker roots (ivy) or simply wrap around a support, clinging to shoots.

Species, varieties and names of plants

There are perennial and annual vines.

Popular annuals include:

• Ipomoea tricolor. Light and airy, quickly gaining green mass, can wrap around any shape, blooms beautifully, looks great.
• Sweet pea. He has loose air flowers, lacy foliage, it is beautiful and fragrant, it can decorate a low fence.
• Vysloplodnik rough. Plant with original tubular flowers and fruits, fast growing.
• Thunbergia winged or Black-eyed Susanna. Bright yellow and orange flowers of this plant with dark centers look very decorative.

Favorites, which can be found more often than others in gardens, are perennial vines. They are usually planted on permanent place at the fence, gazebos or buildings are used for landscaping hedges. When choosing a climbing plant, you need to ask how it is attached to the supports, what is its approximate weight. Powerful and heavy creepers are not suitable for weak partitions, and graceful, green ivy can easily destroy the wall of the house, climbing along it under the roof.

The most popular varieties of perennial vines:

• Kirkazon large-leaved. The leaves are light green, large, about 30 cm long, the flowers resemble smoking pipe. The plant is powerful and heavy, grows well in both sun and shade.
• Climbing rose. Plants look incredibly beautiful in any corner of the garden - at the entrance, near the gazebo, against the wall of the house. Exist big choice varieties with different colors flowers and duration of flowering.
• Clematis. These creepers can compete in beauty with roses. There are varieties that bloom all summer or only in spring and autumn. They winter in middle lane with cover. Clematis cannot climb the support as high as climbing roses, they are looser and more airy.
• Ivy. One of the longest vines. It can be used to decorate high building. But if there are cracks and chips in the wall, ivy can destroy brickwork. Ivy flowers are small and inconspicuous, the leaves are thin and graceful, it is they who give the plant a decorative effect.
• Hydrangea climbing or petiolate. One of the creepers that can beautifully decorate any part of the garden. It has a heavy trunk, can climb to great heights, but requires strong support.
• Japanese grape. Plant with large leaves top part sheet plate which are dark green, and the lower one is silver. It grows up to 7 meters in length, blooms with inconspicuous flowers, but its black rounded fruits look very beautiful.

Grow vines and in the conditions of apartments. For example, indoor creepers scindapsus and monstera have delighted flower growers for years with their bright greenery.

Features of growing vines

Annual creepers grow rapidly, braiding the support near which they are planted. They please abundant flowering and unpretentiousness. For successful growth and development, they need monthly top dressing and regular watering. These plants do not need formative pruning and shelter for the winter. The only drawback of annuals is the need to re-sow them in the spring and wait for the plants to gain full strength, delighting with the splendor of foliage and flowers.

Perennial vines require more careful care. Many of them are thermophilic, they need to be removed from the support and covered for the winter. It is necessary to find time every year for formative and sanitary pruning of shoots, carefully directing them in the right direction.

But all this work will be incredibly rewarded. beautiful flowering and an abundance of green foliage.

Landing in open ground

Annual cold-resistant vines are grown by direct sowing in the ground in spring, in April or May. The soil at the proposed support is fertilized, dug up and leveled. After sowing, the seeds are moistened and covered with a film. When shoots appear, the film is removed, they begin to fertilize, weed and loosen the soil.

Most perennial heat-loving vines are grown through seedlings.

To do this, the seeds are sown in pots and placed in a room where the air temperature is 20 ° C. In the middle or end of May, the grown seedlings are transplanted into open ground to a permanent place near the support.

How to care for liana

It all depends on what kind of liana you planted on the site. Features of cultivation are determined by the type of plant and have significant differences.

These tips will help you care for the described perennial vines:

• Hydrangea climbing grows best in partial shade. Any soil with a neutral or slightly acidic composition is suitable for cultivation. The plant blooms wonderfully. It does not endure cold weather, therefore for the winter it must be removed from its supports and covered.
• Common ivy is undemanding to lighting. If the soil is fertile, it will show all its beauty. This plant is not afraid of polluted city air and pruning, growing vines will not cause much trouble.
• Japanese grapes in young age develops slowly, it needs to be fed. Every year the growth rate is increasing. Japanese grapes are undemanding to soils, tolerate shearing well, and need regular watering.
• Clematis love fertile and drained soil with neutral acidity. They need timely watering and regular fertilizing with fertilizers for flowering plants. For the winter, clematis are removed from the support and covered; they do not like frost.
• Kirkazon large-leaved needs frequent watering. Fertilize it with complex preparations or organic matter 2 times per season. The rest of the care comes down to removing weeds, mulching the soil, forming and sanitary pruning.
• Climbing rose loves frequent watering especially during flowering. At least 10 liters of water are poured onto one bush. The soil is loosened and mulched the next day. Roses are demanding on top dressing, they are fertilized with complex preparations, for example, Agricol-Rose, and organic matter - mullein, wood ash. The stems of the plant must be cut from the first year of cultivation, stimulating the formation of side shoots. autumn rose bushes removed from the support and covered.

Protection against diseases and pests

Annual and perennial vines need protection from pests, just like other plants in your garden. Noticing the suspicious activity of insects on the leaves, the vines are watered systemic insecticides. Contact preparations are not as effective, they are quickly washed off by rain.

When signs of late blight or other fungal disease apply fungicides. Processing is carried out repeatedly until the complete recovery of the plants.

Liana in landscape design

Lianas in the garden can serve as a decorative screen, protecting from prying eyes what you would like to hide. They create coziness and privacy in the garden. long run and beautiful flowers hide irregularities that hurt the eye, smooth out the difference in the height of structures, decorate ugly walls, serve as a hedge.

The fruits of some vines are edible. In the southern regions, in addition to the usual grapes, chocolate akebia liana bears fruit. Her fruits unusual look similar in taste to raspberries. In Japan, its young shoots are eaten in spring. The plant got its unusual name because the creeper flower smells like chocolate.

Which vine to choose, and where to plant it, depends on your preferences. The quality of the support, location and growing conditions will affect how the plant will show its beauty later.