Immediately after a tick bite. Manifestations of Lyme disease

Ticks are arachnid small predators that come out to hunt in the warm season. They attack people and animals in spring and in the first half of summer. This usually happens in a forest or park area. Symptoms after a tick bite in humans can manifest themselves in different ways, it all depends on the insect: whether it is contagious or not.

Attack

Many people mistakenly think that dangerous insects fall on them from trees. But it's not. Ticks live in the soil. When it gets warm, they get to the surface and rise to the top of the grass or shrubs - no higher than 1.5 meters from the ground. Sitting on a branch, they lie in wait for their prey. A person who passes by catches a plant with his limbs or clothes - the insect safely migrates to his body. It is easier for insects to attack children and animals, since they are significantly shorter. On such small individuals, ticks can fall from above, spreading their paws wide. But insects cannot fly and jump like fleas.

Symptoms after a tick bite in a person do not appear immediately: he will walk for a long time, enjoying the good weather, until he notices the problem. Ticks are most active at +20 °C, ideal humidity for them - 90%. They like to attack in April-May, September-October, more often in cloudy weather, but during the heat they are inactive and lazy.

Bite site

Insects love to "settle" in the folded areas of the skin - in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe neck, head, armpits, navel, inguinal zone. Before biting, they can crawl over the body for an hour, looking for a secluded place. Having found it, the insect pierces the skin with its thin proboscis with teeth, finds a capillary and sticks to it. The male, having absorbed some blood, disappears. But the female can remain attached to your body for 10 days: when she is saturated, she greatly increases in size.

If there is an allergy to insect saliva, the first symptoms after a tick bite in a person will be: headache, fever, red rash, swelling, muscle weakness and numbness of the limbs. It is difficult for a bitten person to walk, even with a slight physical activity he has severe shortness of breath. A person does not want to eat, constantly feels tired, exhausted, he has lethargy and drowsiness. In severe cases, paralysis occurs. If the insect fell off on its own, you may feel a burning sensation and itching at the site of the bite, which disappear within a week. Sometimes there is severe local pain - often from the bites of certain types of so-called soft ticks.

Symptoms of borreliosis

Sometimes ticks can be carriers of Lyme disease. The disease is also called borreliosis. Its incubation period ranges from one to two weeks, after which the disease rapidly and acutely begins to manifest itself. Symptoms of borreliosis after a tick bite in humans are: chills, heat, severe intoxication, nausea, vomiting, increased lymph nodes. A typical manifestation of Lyme disease is neck and muscle stiffness.

At the site of the bite, an annular redness forms. This is the so-called migratory erythema, which is growing rapidly in all directions from the epicenter. Its edges have a clearer contour and bright color, they rise slightly and rise above the paler and depressed center. In this part of the body, a person feels itching and slight pain. He may develop other skin rashes, as well as conjunctivitis. Sometimes the patient has signs of incipient meningitis.

The main stages of the disease

Symptoms of borreliosis vary. The only constant symptom of the disease is erythema. If the first stage of the disease is characterized by all of the above manifestations in the form of chills, fever, muscle spasms and increased intoxication, then in the second they are aggravated and lead to irreversible consequences. After 30 days initial stage the next phase of the disease begins: patients develop meningitis or encephalitis, stiff neck muscles, photophobia, memory impairment, insomnia, weakness, emotional instability are observed. The facial nerve is often affected, leading to facial asymmetry, hearing loss, and increased tearing.

Symptoms after a tick bite in humans include damage to the peripheral nerves. In children, severe complications in the work of the central nervous system can be observed. The causative agent of borreliosis spreads throughout the body and attacks not only the brain and nerves, but also the heart muscle. The patient may feel severe shortness of breath, chest pain, constant arrhythmia. Often he is diagnosed with pericarditis or myocarditis.

Signs of an encephalitic tick bite

An insect that carries this disease is no less dangerous. Symptoms after a bite of an encephalitic tick in humans develop in two stages. The first signs can usually be noticed within a week after the incident. The person complains of fatigue, severe headaches, fever and muscle pain. He can be too irritable, even aggressive. Or vice versa, lethargic, inactive, indifferent to everything that happens.

This state lasts about 10 days, after which the second phase begins. The disease progresses only in a third of cases, in other people, the immune system independently neutralizes the pathogen that has entered the body, and they are completely restored. Those who are unlucky face other, more dangerous consequences bite and associated complications and problems. Usually, the patient has a malfunction in the central nervous system, diseases such as meningitis and encephalitis develop.

Symptoms of encephalitis

If the tick has not fallen off, you need to carefully remove it and take it to the laboratory. There it will be checked for the possible presence of deadly viruses. These measures are very important, because after infection within 72 hours, doctors will have time to inject the so-called serum against the disease - immunoglobulin. If the patient does not apply in time, he begins to develop symptoms of encephalitis. After a tick bite, a person who carries this disease quickly rises in temperature, complains of nausea and vomiting, severe headache. In some cases, he loses the ability to express his thoughts, his limbs are shaken by convulsions, mental disorders can be noticed.

Symptoms of encephalitis in humans after a tick bite can be quite unusual. Recently, scientists have found that these patients sometimes have temporary allergies to red meat and dairy products. After conducting more than one study, they found that a person infected with encephalitis can safely consume any bird, but as soon as he touches beef or pork, his body immediately becomes covered with hives, severe edema develops. An allergic reaction becomes a consequence of an antigen, which, together with the saliva of an insect, enters the body.

In connection with the change in natural and climatic conditions and the decrease in intensive control of harmful insects, a favorable environment is created for the reproduction of the tick population. If earlier tick bites were rarely recorded, now cases have become more frequent at times.

In tall grass, on the leaves of trees. If they could be seen before only in dense plantings and forests, today, even walking along stunted grass you can become a victim dangerous insect. Children are included in a special risk zone. Ticks are not harmless insects, the consequences of a tick bite in humans can be unpredictable. In many cases, there are complications. In this regard, you need to know more about:

• how dangerous a tick bite is, in order to have an idea of ​​what to do after a bite, if necessary;
• what is the first aid for a tick bite to a child or an adult;
• what diseases of a complex nature, carried by ticks, can worsen the state of human health;
• what measures to take to prevent malignant viruses and bacteria from penetrating through the blood into the body.

Tick ​​bite threat to humans

The main danger after a bite is that ticks carry infectious diseases that affect nervous system. Many of these can remind of themselves for years with a negative effect on the body. Therefore, it is so important to protect yourself and your loved ones from seemingly minor troubles that can turn into big problem with health.

Knowing what diseases ticks carry, you can timely detect signs of their manifestation if due attention was not paid to the tick bite. The list of such ailments is constantly updated, the most common:

• q-fever - the disease is recognized by such signs as high temperature up to 40 ° C, weakness, headache, joint pain, profuse sweating, sleep disturbance;
• typhus - makes itself felt with fever, damage to the central nervous system and blood vessels, intoxication of the body;
• tularemia - manifested by fever, damage to the lymph nodes and intoxication of the body;
• Lyme disease (borreliosis) - affects healthy areas of the skin, the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the musculoskeletal system, is also manifested by high fever, headache, chills, weakness, intoxication;
• - manifested by intoxication, fever, damage to the brain and spinal cord, negatively affects the central nervous system, can lead to death;
• ehrlichiosis - characterized by high body temperature, chills, headache, intoxication, skin rash.

These diseases have very similar symptoms of the course, in many cases the type of infection can only be determined after laboratory tests of the person who was bitten by the tick.

Infectious diseases transmitted by ticks do not heal on their own, but require immediate hospitalization. Therefore, if bitten by a tick, you should seek help from medical institution, where they will help, treat the wound, and also tell you where to take the tick for analysis in order to determine it as a possible source of infection transmission.

Only a tick analysis helps to make a reliable diagnosis, identify a developing infection and direct treatment in the right direction.

It is advisable to take laboratory tests after a tick bite even when a person does not feel much discomfort. The infection affects the body gradually, waving a hand at tests, you can create fertile ground for the deterioration of your health.

Treatment after a tick bite takes a long period of time. Therefore, doctors recommend sounding the alarm immediately after its discovery.

Where does the tick bite

Ticks can bite open areas bodies, but cases when these insects can get under clothes are not excluded. Most often, favorite areas for tick bites are the neck, the area behind the ears, the scalp, armpits, lower back, abdomen, even the groin area, genital bites are not excluded.

The tick bites imperceptibly, people do not experience any pain and discomfort, since the insect injects an anesthetic into the blood. Ticks dig into the skin, penetrating first into the upper layers of the epidermis, gradually deepening.

Symptoms and signs of a tick bite

Symptoms after a tick bite in humans begin to appear after a few hours. People complain of such physical ailments as:

• drowsiness;
• dizziness;
• muscle weakness;
• lack of appetite;
• profuse vomiting;
• hallucinations;
• change in coordination of movements;
• temperature rise;
• skin itching.

If at least one of these symptoms appears after a walk in a park or forest, you should immediately examine the entire body for the presence of ticks. This should be done slowly, carefully examining each area. Often a tick bite is found quickly.

At the same time, you need to understand that the danger is not only an insect that has already attached itself to the skin, but also a tick brought on clothes, which is looking for a place for a hook.

The symptoms manifested after a tick bite in a person in the absence of medical care can worsen every day.

What does a tick bite look like on the body? The main signs of a tick bite are:

• dotted red spot;
• skin irritation;
• the presence of an insect that has stuck into the skin of the body;
• sometimes a bump forms after a tick bite.

Tick ​​bite mark

If the circle around the tick is pink, then this most often indicates an allergic reaction of the body to the saliva of the insect, but if the bite becomes bright red, and red circles spread throughout the body in the form of eczema, then this indicates an infectious dangerous bite.

If a tick has bitten, you need to measure the spot with a ruler and observe its change until the visit to the doctor, if at home it is not possible to provide first aid.

How to help with a tick bite at home

The first question that arises when a tick bite is detected is what to do at home?

First aid for a tick bite is to extract it. It is very difficult to do this in cases where the insect has managed to go deep into the skin. The site of the tick bite must first be disinfected.

How to treat a tick bite? It is recommended to process with iodine, brilliant green or alcohol, in the absence of such improvised means, ordinary vodka is suitable. After disinfection, a thin thread is taken, a dense lasso is made from it around the proboscis of the tick, the ends of which subsequently need to be pulled and the insect slowly swinging. This manipulation allows you to remove the tick and not damage its body.

If the head of the insect remains in the skin, this means that the infection continues to spread throughout the body. Instead of a thread, you can use tweezers or a special medical pin.

In no case should you make sudden movements when removing the insect, the tick bite is very itchy, so the bitten must be patient and not move until the tick is removed.

Itching the bite after removing the insect can be a week or more, so it is recommended to take antiallergic drugs. If the tick bite itches badly even after taking antihistamine medications, you should consult a doctor.

The wound formed after the bite of a sterile tick heals quickly after it is removed, it is treated with iodine or brilliant green until completely healed. The bite of an infected tick tends to fester and in this case it is impossible to do without the help of a physician.

Medical treatment for a tick bite

• The bite of a sterile tick does not pose a threat to health. Treatment in such cases is not prescribed, only the procedure for extracting the insect is performed.
• If the tick is a carrier of diseases, then in each case, individual therapy is carried out with the help of appropriate medications prescribed by the attending physicians.
• Often, patients are prescribed specific immunotherapy, when immunoglobulin is injected into the body with a tick bite, if there is a suspicion of the spread of a viral infectious focus or its laboratory confirmation.
• Antibiotics for a tick bite are prescribed when bacterial infectious diseases transmitted through the blood are detected.
• Diseases caused by protozoan microorganisms are treated with drugs that suppress their reproduction.

Diseases such as borreliosis and encephalitis are the most common in the CIS. Their treatment is long-term. Therapy is for recovery correct operation brain, CNS and circulatory system.

Borreliosis (Lyme disease) and encephalitis require unconditional hospitalization and treatment in a hospital. People who have been bitten by an infected tick are sent to infectious dispensaries for laboratory tests.

Borreliosis is a disease that provokes bacteria, so antibiotic therapy is effective in its treatment. Whereas encephalitis is a viral disease and cannot be treated with antibiotics.

The bites of infected ticks can greatly undermine human health, up to getting a disability group or death. Diseases transmitted through the blood by ticks to humans disrupt the functioning of the liver, kidneys, joints, lungs, digestive system Therefore, during treatment, doctors use complex therapy aimed at restoring the working capacity of the whole organism.

Animal bites from ticks

Ticks are blood-sucking insects, they bite not only people, but also domestic animals and cattle. What should be done if an animal is bitten by a tick? Of course, provide first aid - treat the bite with disinfectants and try to remove the tick. To do this, you need an assistant who will hold the animal, distract him from the procedure. animals can be helped by a specialized veterinarian.

If a puppy is bitten by a tick or a cat is bitten by a tick, the condition of the animals changes rapidly. They become lethargic, lose their appetite, and are inactive. Several ticks can be caught on the fur of an animal at the same time, their simultaneous bites can even lead to the death of pets.

If animals are bitten by infected ticks, they also become a source of the spread of dangerous diseases.

Prevention of tick bites

• To protect themselves from danger in case of possible tick bites, many people use vaccination against infectious diseases such as borreliosis, encephalitis, the body's protection lasts for three years, after which revaccination is performed.
• When visiting wooded and bushy areas, preference should be given to clothing with tight elastic bands on the sleeves, tight-fitting collars, hoods that protect the neck, overalls with a sliding surface, rubber shoes to the knee. Pants must be tucked into shoes. It is recommended not to visit the forest and forest plantations without a hat.
• Do not get carried away walking on high meadow grass.
• Repel ticks special means repellents that are sprayed on clothing and exposed areas of the body. It can also be lotions, creams, gels or pencils.
• Since ticks can settle on personal plot, it is recommended to mow the grass more often, cut the branches of trees, carefully clean the territory in the off-season, pickle harmful garden insects with the help of special toxic preparations.

Preventive measures significantly reduce the risk of being bitten by ticks. But, if the tick has bitten, despite all the precautions, then there is no alternative to contacting the nearest first-aid post. You should not be negligent about tick bites and, if they are found, remember that professional help doctors are the best solution in the current situation, which will help maintain the health of both adults and children for many years.

In spring, most people like to spend their free time outdoors. Summer residents have a lot of things to do in the garden, tourists go hiking, parents walk in the parks with their children, and friends are going to chat and fry barbecue.

In this bustle, few people think about the danger that grass, park and forest plantings hide. Spring and early summer are the time when harmful insects are the most active, so a tick bite is sometimes detected even after playing on the playground. It cannot be ignored, since the ixodid tick is a carrier of some diseases that are considered very dangerous for humans.

Appearance of the bite

The tick is attached to the human body using the hypostome, which is an unpaired outgrowth that performs the work of the sense organs. In addition, it serves as a tool for sucking blood. A tick bite is often found in places with the most delicate skin. This includes the groin, abdomen, chest, lower back, armpits, ears. The spot after a tick bite is usually rounded, painted red with a dark dot in the center.

Most often, a person does not immediately determine the cause of the deterioration of his well-being. If, after visiting a park or forest, you feel a little unwell, then this condition is “written off” to ordinary fatigue. However, there are specific signs of a tick bite in humans, by which it can be assumed that a poisonous substance has entered the body.

If a stuck tick is found, then it must be removed without wasting time. But this must be done very carefully. It is best to entrust the procedure to a specialist. After that, the insect needs to be examined for the presence of infections. If they are not detected, then further treatment is not necessary. If an infection is detected on time, the treatment started will exclude the possibility of serious consequences.

Symptoms on the second day

If on the first day the symptoms of a bite of an encephalitic tick in a person were insignificant, then on the second day his state of health may deteriorate significantly. Each sign individually is similar to the manifestation of a cold, but their combination indicates a bite of an encephalitis tick.

So, the patient's body temperature rises significantly (up to 38.5 degrees), the appearance of tachycardia and a decrease in blood pressure. There are enlarged lymph nodes, skin rashes. In addition, the tick bite itches.

Sometimes additional symptoms may occur, characterized by nausea and vomiting, dizziness, severe headaches, hallucinations, and difficulty breathing.

The disease progresses rapidly: just 10 days after the bite, the motor neurons of the spinal and gray matter of the brain are damaged. As a result, individual muscle groups are paralyzed. After the virus affects the entire brain in the patient's condition, the following signs can be noted:

• body temperature rises to 40 degrees;
• there is a severe headache;
• there are frequent fainting;
• the functioning of the cardiovascular system is disrupted;
• there are problems with digestion;
• there is overexcitation.

Complications of this disease, which occurs as a consequence of a tick bite in humans, lead to gradual paralysis of the hands. Without adequate treatment, a person can remain disabled. A fatal outcome is also possible.

AT European countries Approximately 2% of all patients die from this disease. In the Far Eastern countries, this figure is much higher and leaves about 20%. Death usually occurs 7-10 days after infection.

Tick ​​bite: symptoms of lyme borreliosis in humans

A serious illness arising from a tick bite is. The infection affects the nervous system, heart and musculoskeletal system. The stain that occurs after a bite is quite large.

If left untreated, it disappears after about 3 weeks. A month after a tick bite, a person has symptoms of damage to the nervous and cardiovascular systems, as well as joint pain.

Often the symptoms of this disease are mistaken for initial stage colds, as the patient feels severe weakness, aching muscles, headache and sore throat.

Other signs allow you to recognize Lyme borreliosis disease: insomnia, a sharp hearing loss, muscle paralysis. It is worth noting that this disease can only rarely lead to death, but it can cause the development of other life-threatening diseases.

Is a blood test needed?

Doing a blood test immediately after a tick bite is pointless. You can get an answer to the question of whether an infection has occurred only after a few days, or even weeks. Indeed, for the formation of specific antibodies that can be detected as a result of laboratory tests, it takes a certain time. Testing after a tick bite is recommended in such cases:

Since a tick bite can cause various infectious diseases, it is recommended to consult a doctor immediately after the incident, who, if necessary, will prescribe preventive measures.

However, prophylaxis after a tick bite, which a doctor should prescribe, should be mandatory. After removing the tick, the infectious disease specialist prescribes iodantipyrin to the victim. This drug is indicated for use from 14 years of age.

Seroprophylaxis for children is carried out with the help of immunoglobulin. However, it is worth noting that it is forbidden to take it on your own, without a doctor's prescription, since in some cases it can be not only useless, but also dangerous.

Immunoglobulin and iodantipyrine are drugs used to prevent encephalitis. They cannot prevent the development of other infections.

In order to prevent borreliosis with a tick bite, antibiotics are prescribed. The drug and dosage should be prescribed by an infectious disease specialist. Often, victims of a tick bite are prescribed the antibiotic "Doxycycline", which must be taken twice for 5 days.

Prevention measures

Vaccination after a tick bite will not save the situation. And if the insect managed to bring the infection into the human body, then the vaccine can even provoke the rapid development of the disease. After all, when infected, the immune system fights the disease, and an additional injected dose of bacteria can lead to the body not being able to cope with it.

To protect yourself and your loved ones from a possible tick bite, after which there is a risk of developing a viral disease, do not neglect the tips that will help prevent the attack of bloodsuckers.

After relaxing in nature, you need to carefully examine your body and clothes. Do not ignore bite marks, even if the bloodsucker was not detected at the "crime scene". For several days, you should listen to your body, and in case of manifestation of characteristic symptoms, you should immediately contact an infectious disease specialist.

The bite of a tick, especially an infected one, causes severe and serious consequences for a person: characteristic symptoms and signs appear, emergency medical care and treatment are required. Symptoms in humans can be different, but the following can be considered the most basic: swelling and redness, itching, the formation of a red spot at the site of the bite. The presence of a bite indicates that a medical examination and medical attention are needed.

Appearance of the bite

The tick bite is painless. The tick has a special organ (hypostome) with which it is able to cling to the human body and suck out blood. Most often, ticks choose the following places on the human body to suck blood:

• the area behind the ears;
• neck, chest and armpits;
• inguinal region and genitals;
• small of the back;
• stomach.

Remember, when a bite is detected, you cannot hesitate - not only health, but also life depends on it.

The main signs and manifestations of bites

A special difference between a tick bite is that it is painless and inconspicuous. The main symptoms may appear after three hours:

• chills;
• redness;
• fear of light;
• headache;
• increased weakness and drowsiness;
• pain in human joints.

Such symptoms should alert, and timely treatment will help prevent terrible consequences.

Symptoms of a tick bite may include:

• skin rashes;
• severe itching;
• an increase in human body temperature to 39–40 degrees;
• there is a decrease in blood pressure;
• there is a clear tachycardia;
• enlargement of lymphatic regional nodes.

In addition to these symptoms, it is necessary to take into account the presence of secondary signs provoked by a tick bite:

• nausea;
• profuse vomiting;
• hoarse voice;
• heavy breathing and shortness of breath;
• severe headache accompanied by dizziness;
• the presence of peculiar nervous disorders, such as hallucinations.

In the first few hours after a bite, hyperthermia is considered a natural sign/symptom. After being bitten by a tick, you must monitor the temperature and record it for ten days.

Features of the course of diseases and consequences

• borreliosis - migraine, pain in the joints and muscles, hyperthermia, severe chills;
• encephalitis - a peculiar fever is characteristic, which is of a recurrent type: there is a significant increase in body temperature three days after the bite, headache and weakness;
• ehrlichiosis monocytic - characterized by moderate fever, which manifests itself on the eighth day after the bite, and lasts for twenty days;
• anaplasmosis - hyperthermia, manifests itself after fourteen days.

There are problems with the following organs and body systems as a result of a tick bite:

• lungs - the development of inflammation (pneumonia), which occurs due to pulmonary hemorrhage;
• nervous system - severe headaches, paralysis, all kinds of epileptic seizures appear;
• kidneys - inflammation and nephritis;
• liver - there is a malfunction;
• cardiovascular system - arrhythmia, strong jumps in blood pressure are observed;
• joints - arthritis.

If the above symptoms are detected, the victim needs to emergency care and should go to a medical facility.

First aid and treatment

You can use:

• fingers, nails, but only with sterile gloves;
• needle;
• tweezers;
• special equipment.

During the removal process, sudden movements are prohibited, as you can tear off the body, and the head will remain in the skin. If such a situation has occurred, do not panic: you can get the remaining head with a needle. The right thing to do is to seek help from a doctor.

Signs and manifestations of angioedema

It must be borne in mind that allergic reactions may develop in the form of Quincke's edema.

Quincke's edema has the following main signs and manifestations:

• there are severe pains in the joints, muscles and throughout the body;
• breathing becomes difficult, hoarseness appears;
• there is a dangerous swelling of the lips, eyelids and some other parts of the body.

Such processes are natural, but they must be urgently eliminated and called forth. ambulance' to avoid death. Before the arrival of the ambulance, you can carry out the following manipulations at home:

• give the victim any antihistamine medicine, for example: Erius, Suprastin, Zirtek and Claritin;
• ensure an adequate supply of fresh and clean air;
• you can enter sixty milligrams of prednisolone intramuscularly.

• you need to enter human globulin, which is directed against encephalitis;
• gamma globulin will help.

It is very important to seek medical help in a timely manner in order to prevent the development of dangerous diseases and death. Take care of yourself and be extremely careful!

Not everyone knows what diseases there are from a tick bite in humans. Every time when spring comes and until the autumn cold snap, people are not unreasonably afraid of being bitten by ticks. These blood-sucking insects can be carriers of life-threatening infections.

Therefore, a person who cares about his health should know the symptoms of diseases carried by ticks in order to recognize the disease at the first stage and consult a doctor in a timely manner.

Tick-borne encephalitis

Tick-borne encephalitis - viral disease characterized by brain damage.

In some cases, infection can lead to neurological and psychiatric disorders and even death.

If the spinal cord is damaged, encephalitis occurs, and if the brain is damaged, meningitis occurs. The carriers of the virus are living in forest and park areas.

Ticks can become carriers of many serious infectious diseases.

These insects, contrary to popular belief, do not live in trees, but prefer low shrubs, grass along trails.

Ticks get on humans and animals by clinging to clothes or wool, and only then move through the body in search of a secluded place with thin skin.

In addition to humans, cats and dogs, ixodid ticks can infect cows, goats, and sheep with encephalitis. This happens especially often in the summer, during grazing. In this case, the virus can enter the human body with dairy products obtained from diseased animals. Therefore, milk and its derivatives should preferably be subjected to heat treatment before use. There is also a risk of getting encephalitis when trying to remove an insect from the body of another person or animal. For more information about the bites of ixodid ticks, see this video:

In this regard, it is very difficult to completely pull out the tick, moreover, in the process of extraction there is a risk of crushing it.

Then the virus has the opportunity to penetrate through wounds, cuts or cracks. It is for this reason that when the discovery this insect you need to contact a medical facility immediately.

Symptoms of tick-borne encephalitis

However, not every tick is a carrier of a dangerous disease. In addition, even an infected insect can not infect a person in all cases.

If the body of the tick has been safely removed, the victim is advised to do a blood test to make sure that the virus is absent or present.

However, tick-borne encephalitis is a rapidly developing disease that has characteristic, rapidly appearing symptoms:

First signs tick-borne encephalitis very similar to flu symptoms. In order to prevent illness, when visiting natural areas you need to dress properly: wear hats, closed clothes and shoes.

After returning, it is necessary to examine the body and things for the presence of ticks, comb the hair with a comb with small and frequent teeth.

People who like to be in nature often or are associated with being in the forest due to work activities are recommended to undergo preliminary vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis.

Babesiosis or piroplasmosis

Babesiosis is a widespread infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Babesia. This virus was discovered at the end of the 19th century and is currently found throughout the world, excluding Antarctica.

In Russia, the pathogen is most common in the steppes of Siberia, in Novgorod, Pskov, Leningrad, Vologda regions, Karelia and the southern part of the country.

Outbreaks of the epidemic most often occur between May and September. According to statistics, most cases of babesiosis infection have been registered in the United States and Canada, while in Europe and Russia the spread of the disease is not yet widespread.

Babesiosis affects the hematopoietic system of the animal

The virus enters the human body with the saliva of an infected tick.

There is also a rare route of infection through blood transfusion from an asymptomatic donor. The most susceptible to the disease are agricultural workers, shepherds, tourists, lovers of outdoor recreation. The high-risk category also includes people with a weakened immune system, lack of a spleen, diseases of the blood, liver, HIV-infected, sick diabetes, the elderly, children.

The clinical picture of babesiosis depends on the form of the disease. A mild course is characterized by a slight increase in body temperature, chills, weakness, lethargy, sweating and is in many ways similar to the symptoms of a common cold. In the case of an acute form, fever, anuria, jaundice, and aching bones occur.

The temperature rises to critical levels and does not go astray for several days.

AT advanced cases chronic renal failure may occur. In order to exclude the presence of a virus, it is necessary to pass a general analysis of blood and urine, contact an infectious disease specialist. The doctor should be alerted by the deviation of hemoglobin, bilirubin, leukocytes, creatinine. In the absence of timely treatment, the disease can cause irreversible consequences in the body or lead to death.

Tick-borne borreliosis

Lyme disease, or, is a viral disease carried ixodid ticks caused by spirochetes. The first case of infection was recorded in the United States at the end of the last century in the small town of Old Lime.

It was in honor of the place of its discovery that the disease received such an unusual and memorable name.

The spots at the site of the bite become gigantic in size.

For some time, the virus was distributed only in North America, but in last years cases have been reported in Western and Eastern Europe, Central and South-East Asia, Japan, China, Africa.

Very often, the disease occurs in Russia, where about 7,000 cases of diseases are recorded annually.

Lyme disease is almost equally affected different categories of the population, but young people, children and those living in forest areas have a slightly greater risk of infection. Epidemics most often occur in spring, summer and autumn, which is typical for infections carried by ixodid ticks.

In addition, borreliosis can be contracted by drinking raw milk of cows or goats, insufficiently thermally processed meat of cattle and wild animals. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 35 days. After the disease has receded, immunity appears. However, it is not absolute and after a few years there is a small risk of getting sick again.

You can also become infected through milk from a sick cow.

The most typical manifestation of borreliosis is the appearance of erythematous ring-shaped rashes in the bite area. Education has a migratory character and then spreads throughout the body in the form of spots slightly smaller than the primary one.

This is due to the fact that bacteria enter the human body through the skin at the site of an insect bite and are then carried along the lymphatic tract, negatively affecting the internal organs, joints and nervous system.

Erythema migrans usually resolves completely after recovery. Other symptoms of Lyme disease are most often nonspecific. An infected person feels weak, lethargic, experiences nausea, vomiting, and occasional abdominal pain. In some cases, conjunctivitis, urticaria, neurological disorders in the form of insomnia, photophobia, hearing and vision impairment may occur. If the disease is not treated, it can become chronic and lead to serious complications.

mountain fever

The first case of infection was recorded in the state of Montana, in the Rocky Mountains.

Currently, cases of mountain fever are rare. The carriers of the virus are ticks and small rodents. A person is infected by the bite of an infected tick. The causative agent of spotted fever has the ability to grow by cell division, and is known to be unstable to high temperatures, sunlight, and disinfectants. For more information about hemorrhagic manifestations of fever, see this video:

The incubation period lasts from 3 to 15 days. After infection, the virus cells spread through the lymphatic system, attach to the walls of blood vessels and multiply, thus forming blood clots. Most Negative influence the disease affects the vascular system, heart, lungs.

In addition, the liver, spleen suffer, blood clotting worsens.

The first symptoms of the disease resemble a cold, then there are nosebleeds, hematomas at the site of injections and bruises, vomiting with blood, and a pink rash all over the body. The disease is diagnosed using serological tests and requires complex treatment with antibiotics and sedatives.

Tularemia

Tularemia is acute infection, whose carriers of the virus are rats, field mice, rabbits, hares, muskrats.

In addition, there were cases of infection after drinking contaminated water, food, during hunting and processing the skins of wild animals.

A feature of tularemia is that people's susceptibility to it reaches 100%. That is, if a person was bitten by a carrier of the infection, then he is likely to get sick. The disease is seasonal and most of infections occur during the summer months. The spread of tularemia is mainly concentrated in northern countries.

In Russia, it is found almost everywhere, but most often in Siberia and the North-West. More than 70% of registered diseases occur in these areas. In general, from 200 to 500 cases of infection are recorded annually in the country.

Percent deaths relatively low and does not reach 1% of the number of cases.

Getting into the lymph and blood of a person through the skin and mucous membranes, the sticks quickly cause general intoxication of the body and foci of inflammation during internal organs.

Bacteria multiply rapidly, thereby provoking inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes up to the formation of a bubo - the main specific sign of tularemia.

Other symptoms of the disease are atypical and similar to the manifestation of general intoxication of the body:

• high body temperature;
• headache;
• skin rashes;
• muscle pain;
• feeling cold;
• indigestion;
• lack of appetite;
• confused mind;
• redness of the whites of the eyes;
• sleep disturbance;
• low blood pressure.

Tularemia is diagnosed using bacteriological, serological, biological and allergic methods.

In addition, the doctor analyzes appearance patient for signs of pathology.

Tularemia is treated standard scheme, combining the use of antibiotics and agents that have a detoxifying effect.

According to statistics, the number of people bitten by ticks is much higher than the number of those infected. The immune system of most people is able to effectively deal with many viruses. However, a set of measures, including infection prevention and timely medical care in case of detection of signs of the disease, it will help to avoid undesirable consequences from which no one is immune.