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Homemade high capacity battery. Do-it-yourself lithium-ion battery: how to properly charge

Recently, all low-cost radio-controlled models began to be equipped with Ni-Cd batteries (nickel-cadmium batteries), or rather assemblies of these batteries. Batteries of this type have a low market value, and there are a number of reasons for this.

Relatively simple and cheap manufacturing technology

Have a memory effect

Small number of reloads

Small specific capacity

Sooner or later, your favorite toy stops turning on, the battery becomes unusable, and the question arises where to find a new one. But where to find the right size, and most importantly with the same type of battery connector ?!

You don't have to look for anything if you have a soldering iron, a couple of wires, a heat shrink tube, and 30 minutes of free time.

So, let's say you have a toy powered by a Ni-Mh or Ni-Cd rechargeable battery at 7.2 V, with a capacity of 400 ma / h. Naturally, we want not only to bring the toy back to life, but also to extend the playing time on a single charge. Therefore, we will increase the capacity of new batteries several times!

Turning the old battery in your hands and cutting its shell, you can easily make sure that it is assembled from ordinary AA class AA batteries using the serial connection method.

Therefore, we need, in our example, this is:

6 x AA Ni-Mh batteries, each battery 1.2V, respectively to obtain 7.2V = 1.2V * 6 , Same Capacity!

· Heat-shrink tubing

Soldering equipment: soldering iron, flux, solder

Needle file/skin

Copper stranded wire approx.

You may have noticed that the batteries in the old battery are not connected by soldering. And this was not done in vain, because with strong heating, the battery can be damaged, but, as they say, "everything is good in moderation." We will connect the batteries by soldering, but using a certain technology.

In order for the solder to quickly “stick” to the contact surface of the battery, we first clean the surface with a needle file. When processing with a needle file, bumps and scratches are also created that will create conditions for reliable contact.

Personally, I use ordinary rosin or soldering fat as a flux, and ordinary tin-lead solder, soldering iron temperature 450 degrees.

Let's tin the contact pad. If the solder does not “stick”, you should not heat the battery pad for a long time, this can lead to its failure. In this case, add flux and solder and try again.

I do not advise using wires with insulation to connect the battery, because they will greatly change the size of the battery, in some cases this is a very important factor. Therefore, I usually remove the insulation and use the method of tinning the bare wire to make a kind of flat connecting plates.

Since we tinned the contact pads of the battery in advance, it will not be difficult for us to solder the connecting plate.

We connect the battery in series, that is, "+ " one battery is connected to "- " another, and so on. The positive contact of the first and the negative contact of the latter, respectively, will give a total output voltage of 7.2 Volts.

Having connected all the necessary wires, including the charging connector, put the assembly into a heat shrink tube and heat it (you can use a regular hair dryer).

Let's summarize. You were the owner of a weak battery with a supply voltage of 7.2V, a capacity of 400ma / h, which was based on 6 Ni-Cd batteries. Taking the connector from the old "dead" battery and doing all the work described above, we got: a battery with a capacity of 1800 ma / h, a supply voltage of 7.2 volts, Ni-Mh without the memory effect.

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Pour water into a vitamin jar, pour 1.5 teaspoons of baking soda into it. Mix the solution well. We clean the welding electrode from the coating. We cut off two pieces of 7 cm from the electrode. We bend the ends of these blanks. We insert these blanks into the holes in the lid and twist it into a bottle.

We connect the charger to the ends of the battery. We charge the battery for 10 minutes and check the operation of a homemade battery. Estimated output voltage is 1.5-2.5 volts. This power is enough when charging for 3 hours for 20 minutes of LED glow. To prevent your battery from swelling, do not make it airtight.

Another way to make a homemade battery

Homemade battery from improvised materials with a minimum of tools. Imagine a situation where there are no necessary details nearby, or rather, there is a minimum, but you are in the field, when there is no variety. We will have to experimentally artificially limit ourselves to the choice of materials.

Let us take, for lack of copper in the plates, copper wire. We will remove the insulation with the help of fire. We cut a piece of galvanized iron into identical plates. Wires with insulation for connecting the circuit. You can immediately take a conductive wire without insulation. You also need to find a plastic bottle, any dielectric will do. Conductive liquid solution (hydrochloric or acidic, alkaline). Disposable cups.

To begin with, we twist the wire annealed on fire to increase the area into a cylinder. We cut identical plates from galvanization according to the template and turn them into cylinders (we bend the corner to clamp the contact wire in it).

From a plastic bottle we cut the gasket material, which will be located between copper and galvanization. We assemble the battery cells, fix one end of the wire on the thread, the other on zinc and two single ones. One with copper is positive and one with zinc is negative.

We collect the battery in a series circuit. To begin with, let's try to fill in a solution saturated with salt. In the field, any saline solution, urine, and more will do. Voltage 7.74 volts. Let's replace the saline solution with an acid one; table vinegar was used in the experiment. In the field, sour wine, sorrel infusion, cranberry juice and more are suitable for our battery. Voltage 8.05 volts.

Let's replace it with an alkaline solution, you can try to replace baking soda in nature with ash placed in water (lye), but you need to experiment to check. Voltage 9.65 volts.

So let's summarize: on average, out of 10 elements we get 8 volts, one cup is equal to 1.25 volts. To reduce the voltage for charging the phone (5.5 volts), we remove two cups, the procedure takes 20 seconds. Or increase to 4.5 volts by adding 5 cups. So you can make a battery when there is no way to buy it, with your own hands.

How to make a battery with your own hands?
In this video tutorial, we will show you how to make a battery with your own hands. To make it, we need a small container with a lid, soda, water, charger.

In this article, the master DIYer will guide us through all the steps of battery assembly, from material selection to final assembly. RC toys, laptop batteries, medical devices, electric bikes and even electric cars use batteries based on the 18650 cell.

18650 battery (18*65mm) is the size of Li-ion battery. For comparison, conventional AA batteries have a size of 14 * 50 mm. Specifically, the author did this assembly to replace the lead-acid battery in a homemade product he had made earlier.

Tools and materials:
– 18650 batteries,
– BMS (Battery Management System),
– Nickel strip,
– Battery level indicator,
-Switch,
- Connector,
– 18650 battery holder,
- 3M x 10mm screws,
- Spot welding machine,
-3D printer,
- Stripper (tool for stripping insulation),
-Fen,
-Multimeter,
- Charger for lithium-ion batteries,
-Protective glasses,
- Dielectric gloves,

Some tools can be replaced with more affordable ones.

Step One: Choosing Batteries
The first step is to choose the right batteries. There are different batteries on the market from $ 1 to $ 10. According to the author, the best batteries are from Panasonic, Samsung, Sanyo and LG. At a price they are more expensive than others, but have proven themselves to be of good quality and performance.
The author does not advise buying batteries with the names Ultrafire, Surefire and Trustfire. These are batteries that did not pass the quality control at the factory and were bought at a bargain price and repackaged under a new name. As a rule, such batteries do not have the declared capacity and there is a risk of fire during charge-discharge.
For his homemade craftsman used Panasonic batteries with a capacity of 3400 mAh.

Step Five: Battery Calculation
For the project, the craftsman needs a battery with a voltage of 11.1 V and a capacity of 17000 mAh.
The capacity of the 18650 battery is 3400mAh. With a parallel connection of five batteries, we get a capacity equal to 17000 mAh. Such a compound is designated P, in this case 5P

One battery has a voltage of 3.7 V. To get 11.1 V, you need to connect three batteries in series. Designation S, in this case 3S.

So, to obtain the desired parameters, you need to connect three sections, each consisting of five batteries connected in parallel, in series. 3S5P package.

Sets the second cell on top.

Step Seven: Welding
Cuts four nickel strips, for parallel connection, with a margin of 10 mm. Cuts ten strips for serial connection.

Lays a long strip on the + contacts of the first (it will remain the first when turned over) parallel 5P cell. Welds the strip. Welds the strips with one end to the + third of the cell and the other to - the second. Welds a long strip to the + third of the cell (over the plates). Flips the block. It welds the plates from the reverse side, given that now we connect the third in parallel, and the first and second sections in parallel-series (given that it was turned over).

Step Eight: BMS (Battery Management System)
First, let's understand a little what BMS is.
BMS (Battery Management System) is an electronic board that is placed on the battery in order to control the process of charging / discharging it, monitoring the condition of the battery and its elements, controlling temperature, the number of charge / discharge cycles, and protecting the battery components. The control and balancing system provides individual control of the voltage and resistance of each battery element, distributes currents between the battery components during the charging process, controls the discharge current, determines the loss of capacity due to imbalance, and ensures safe connection / disconnection of the load.

Based on the received data, the BMS performs cell charge balancing, protects the battery from short circuit, overcurrent, overcharge, overdischarge (high and excessively low voltage of each cell), overheating and hypothermia. The functionality of BMS allows not only to improve the operating mode of batteries, but also to maximize their service life.

The important parameters of the board are the number of cells in a row, in this case 3S, and the maximum discharge current, in this case 25 A. For this project, the master used board with the following parameters:
Model: HX-3S-FL25A-A
Overvoltage range: 4.25

4.35V±0.05V
Discharge voltage range: 2.3

3.0V±0.05V
Maximum operating current: 0

25 A
Working temperature: -40℃

50 ℃
Solder the board to the ends of the battery according to the diagram.

How to assemble a battery with your own hands (subtleties and tips)
In this article, the master DIYer will guide us through all the steps of battery assembly, from material selection to final assembly. radio controlled toys, laptop batteries, medical devices,

How to make a battery

A battery is an energy storage device that usually works on the principle of reversibility of a chemical reaction. The simplest battery is arranged simply, for the first time his idea was tested in practice by Ritter in 1803, it was a column of 50 copper plates laid with a damp dense cloth.

Homemade plate pack

How to make a battery with your own hands? Collect from copper plates? There are simpler methods for creating an energy storage device from improvised means. You can make both an acid homemade battery and an alkaline type device.

Acid and lead

The most simple in the device is a lead-acid design for the accumulation of electricity. To build it you need:

stable container, with the possibility of its tight closure with a lid,
electrolyte - a solution of battery acid and distilled water,
lead plate - you can use a flattened piece of lead from cable insulation or purchased at a hunting or fishing store,
two metal pins - electrodes that must be driven vertically into lead plates.

Next, we present the manufacturing process of this device. Lead plates are put on metal pins, with a small distance between them. After that, the structure is immersed in a container filled with electrolyte. Lead must be completely under the solution. The contact ends of the pins are passed through the lid of the container and securely fixed on it. An electrical consumer can be connected to the ends of the electrodes. The container is installed on a stable surface, after which the device is charged. By complicating the design, rolling the lead plates into a roll and, accordingly, increasing their area, with a small volume, good performance of such a device can be achieved. According to the same principle, rolls are made in modern gel energy storage devices.

Plates prepared for immersion in a jar

Important! When working with homemade electric drives, follow the safety rules: the acid used in the electrolyte is a rather aggressive substance.

Salt, coal and graphite

This device does not need an acid, as an alkaline reaction is used. How to make this type of battery? The basis of this type of energy storage device is a container with an electrolyte in the form of a solution of water and sodium chloride - table salt. To create it, you need:

graphite rods, with a metal cap for soldering the contact,
activated or charcoal, crushed into crumbs,
fabric bags for placing coal powder,
container for electrolyte with a tight lid for fixing the ends of the electrode.

A graphite rod in a dense carbon lining serves as electrodes. Graphite can be used from worn-out batteries, and charcoal - charcoal or activated, from gas mask filters. To create a tight lining, coal can be placed in a permeable bag, after which a graphite rod is inserted inside, and the fabric of the bag is wrapped with a thread or wire with an insulating coating.

To increase the performance of this kind of design, you can create a battery of several electrodes placed in one container.

Important! The storage capacity and voltage at the contacts of home-made devices for storing electricity are relatively small, but at the same time they are quite enough to connect a low-power light source or other purposes. A battery of several electrodes has higher performance, but they are more bulky.

Lemons and oranges as a container for electricity

Lemon is not only a tasty and healthy fruit, but also a natural battery. To use it, it is enough to combine several lemons in a serial circuit, using metal electrodes. After that, you can connect the "fruit" drive to the charger. Instead of lemons, you can use other citrus fruits that contain acid, which will serve as a natural electrolyte. The more citrus fruits are involved, the higher the parameters of the "natural" battery.

Lemon juice, acid or its solution can be used separately. To do this, just pour them into a small jar and install a copper and steel electrode there. The voltage of the natural energy storage device is small, but, nevertheless, it will be enough for a low-power lighting source.

Even in the absence of a factory-made energy storage device, you can easily make a battery with your own hands. To create it, you only need knowledge of the basics of physics and chemistry, as well as the presence of an acid or alkali of any type at hand. Almost any metal that is available can be used as electrodes, but the best option is to use steels with a high iron content, as well as copper and its alloys.

How to make a battery
How to make a battery: acid and lead. Salt, coal and graphite: making a battery at home. Lemons and oranges as a container for electricity. Batteries with their own hands from improvised means.

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SIMPLE GAS BATTERY
(Manufacturing technology and testing)

Of course, now there are no problems with buying batteries and accumulators, but, apparently, it will be interesting for you to get acquainted with the design of a gas accumulator. It is so simple that anyone can repeat it (see diagram).

The device of the simplest gas accumulator:

1. Capacity
2. Lid
3. Carbon rod
4. Activated carbon
5. Salt solution (15%)
6. Activated charcoal bag
7. Terminal (clamp)
8. Cork

The design of the battery is clear from the figure. An opaque container (1) with a lid (2) is filled with electrolyte - 15% common salt solution.

Two identical electrodes are lowered into the container. The electrode consists of a carbon rod surrounded by a bag (6) with activated carbon (4). The bags must be tightly wrapped with thread to ensure good contact of the electrode with activated carbon. The thickness of the activated carbon layer should not exceed 15 mm.

If you add 1 g of boric acid and 2 g of sugar to the solution for each liter, then battery performance will improve. Sugar is added during long discharge cycles.

The battery is charged with direct current at the rate of 4.5 volts for each element (jar). Charging time - up to 12 hours. Full charge signal - copious gas emission. In order for the gases not to “squeeze out” the electrolyte from the container, a plug is provided, which must be opened during charging. To get a capacity of 1a * h, you need to use 65 g of activated carbon. Electrolyte change - once a week.

● If the walls of the vessel will let light through, the battery will be quickly discharged. The outside of the container can be painted.
● It is better to use distilled water or to melt the snow, because. tap water is highly mineralized, which is bad.
● 15% common salt solution is obtained by diluting 5 tablespoons of salt in one liter of water.

The battery described in the above article is really so simple and consists of, literally, foot components that one involuntarily takes doubt: will it work? So before embossing the article in the group, my hands itched to test it in work.

In essence, this is a fuel cell that runs on hydrogen, which, along with oxygen, is stored in the porous volume of coal during electrolysis during charging. The release of gases at the end of charging indicates a supersaturation of coal with gases.

I did not buy anything special, everything was found at home. I dug out carbon rods from a pair of AA batteries (zinc saved for the future).

Activated charcoal is not for sale in the forest, but wood charcoal is easy to get. It became interesting whether it would work with him, so I used charcoal for barbecues. Selected, checking the conductivity with a tester, mentioned in the article 65 grams. Then I ground it, as finely as I could bear, in a mortar. In the photo in the glass it turned out to about the word "Sour cream"!

From a piece of an old T-shirt, I sewed a couple of bags and stuffed them with charcoal. This is the longest and dirtiest process. He poured it through a funnel rolled out of paper, then rammed it, with his finger, of course. At the end I stuck coal rods and wrapped everything with thread.

The electrodes turned out to be quite plump, weighing 36 g each, about 35 mm in diameter, and about 75 mm long.

I soldered the wires, put them in a glass, just in case, fenced them off with a wooden chip separator. I filled it with brine and let it soak for about an hour.

Charged from a Chinese low-power power supply with adjustable voltage. I set the voltage to 4.7 V. For the first hour, the ammeter needle fluctuated between 200 and 250 mA, the voltage settled at 2.2 V. Over the next three hours, the current dropped from 200 mA to 195 mA, the voltage increased to 2.58 V. I did not wait the appearance of bubbles, as the time was later.

After turning off the charger, the voltage on the bank quickly dropped to 1.54 V. The short circuit current surprised me - as much as 0.29 A! I noticed that at idle the voltage drops very slowly, about one hundredth of a volt in five minutes. In a junk box, I dug out a 3.5 V flashlight bulb and loaded the battery with it. In four minutes at a discharge current of 140 mA, the voltage dropped to 0.885 V under load. After he opened the circuit, the voltage quickly rose to 1.37 V. It is clear that due to the significant internal resistance, the battery is not able to deliver high current for a long time, although it has a decent capacity.

It remains to check for self-discharge, because it shows frightening rates. I disconnected everything from the battery and left it overnight. Everything turned out not so scary. I expected that in seven hours the voltage would drop to half a volt, or even be completely discharged. But in the morning the voltmeter cheerfully showed 1.166 V, short circuit current. - 0.21 A, and I realized that everything is not so bad here either. You can keep playing.

So, the resulting battery is surprisingly efficient and shows good results. It can be used as a storage device, for example, for a wind generator. With proper care, of course. To begin with, it is worth working on such shortcomings as a significant self-discharge and high internal resistance, due to which a slightly overestimated charging voltage is required, which is important when charging from alternative energy sources, and it is impossible to power a more or less powerful load.

I see solutions like this:

● Insulate with varnish and lift the metal parts of the electrodes above the electrolyte in order to exclude current short circuit through the electrolyte.
● It is quite possible that this is not self-discharge at all, but some kind of potential equalization processes, because the technique is rough and uncouth.
● Use carbon rods with as much surface area as possible for better contact with the active mass. At the same time, maintain the thickness of the coal layer recommended in the article of 15 mm, or even make it less.
● Carefully select (according to the minimum ohmic resistance) and grind charcoal. A mortar is not the most convenient tool for this!
● Try recommended electrolyte additives - sugar, boric acid.
● Come and smoke this issue in the literature and thematic forums!

In general, I am satisfied with the test results and, perhaps, I will return to this topic more than once.

Full version of the site
SIMPLE GAS BATTERY (Manufacturing technology and testing) Of course, now there are no problems with buying batteries and accumulators, but apparently you

In May 2015, Elon Musk unveiled beautiful Powerwall home units to store energy from rooftop solar panels - and provide free electricity to the entire house day and night. Even in the absence of solar panels, such backup power for the home is especially valuable if there is a blackout in the quarter. The computer and all equipment will continue to work quietly.

The second version of the Powerwall stores up to 13.5 kWh, which should be enough for several hours (standard power is 5 kW, and 7 kW at the peak). The only problem is that the original version from Tesla costs as much as $5,500 (plus $700 for related hardware, total $6,200, plus installation labor costs between $800 and $2,000) - very expensive. DIY makers have solved this problem with used batteries, which are free in discarded laptops.

With your own hands, you can assemble a unit with better characteristics than Tesla (for example, 30-100 kWh) - and much cheaper.

DIY build enthusiasts share their experiences on dedicated DIY Powerwalls forums, in Facebook group and on YouTube. A special section on the forums is devoted to safety - this is an important aspect when you collect such a powerful thing that can also catch fire on the street (they are usually installed outside the house so as not to violate the law and for safety).

For makers, assembling and connecting such a power supply is not only an interesting activity and saving money, but also an opportunity to figure out how an electrician works in a house.

Almost all enthusiasts in the comments mother board noted that their own systems are much larger than Tesla's. It's likely that the company sacrificed capacity for a beautifully slim PSU design and for greater cooling efficiency and security. One of the French makers from the forum under the nickname Glubux assembled a 28 kWh unit. He says that this is enough for the whole house, and he even had to buy an electric oven and an induction cooker in order to expend excess energy somewhere.

Australian maker Peter Matthews assembled a 40 kWh unit that is powered by 40 solar panels on the roof, fortunately in Australia there is no shortage of sunny days.

The largest homemade block that could be found mother board, assembled from 22,500 cells from laptops and has a capacity of more than 100 kWh. From such a block, a small house can operate for several months - for example, all winter - even if the solar panels are completely out of order or inactive.

A Californian blogger Jehu Garcia intends to build a 1 megawatt system from laptop batteries, the largest such private energy storage system in the United States.

Most enthusiasts use 18650 lithium-ion batteries when building. They are usually packaged in colored plastic cases and installed in laptops and other electronics. New 18650 batteries cost about $5 apiece, so the system will be slightly cheaper than Tesla's model. Therefore, collectors usually buy used batteries and remove batteries from discarded broken laptops. Unfortunately, many people simply throw away batteries with a broken laptop, even though they are still fully functional. According to the director of Call2Recycle, the largest battery recycling company in the US, about 95% of batteries are not reused but end up in a landfill, although almost all types of batteries can be reused in one form or another.

Finding enough discarded tech isn't easy, and it's become even harder lately because many people have begun to build their own power systems like Powerwalls out of them, and laptop manufacturers generally don't encourage reusing their batteries in non-brand homemade tech.

After finding the batteries, they are tested, then "updated" through cycling with a full discharge. Then the batteries are combined into "packages". Such boxes for hundreds of batteries can be bought on the market or assembled by yourself. Electrically conductive copper "tires" (busbars) are attached to the top, and battery contacts are soldered to them.

The whole structure is attached to the inverter and mounted in a rack, which is usually installed outdoors. You can install a monitoring system there to control the temperature with automatic shutdown of energy banks that are too hot.

Now there is a whole community of makers from all over the world who are constructing such "battery home farms" from old laptop batteries to store electricity from solar panels. The community brings together enthusiasts from all over the world, they share experience and advice on safety, engineering systems, compatibility of different types of batteries, etc. The success and safety of Powerwall has proven that these are really safe systems suitable for continuous long-term use (Powerwall has a 10-year warranty ).

Do-it-yourself eternal battery 2.13 volts.

Today I will tell you how to make a battery that can last about half a year.

Today I’ll tell you how to make a battery that can last about half a year, or you can use an alternative, for example, a 12-volt solar battery manufactured by Chinaland Solar Energy.

We'll need:

case, it will be a glass jar, plastic will not work;

some piece of silver, in this case it is a spoon, it will serve as a core and will also participate in a chemical reaction;

copper wire, it may be an old winding from some old electrical appliances;

cling film, it will serve as insulation between the layers of the winding.

For the solution in which all this will happen:

apple cider vinegar 6%, a teaspoon;

glycerin, it is sold in any pharmacy, it costs ten rubles, four vials;

ordinary table salt fine, a teaspoon.

First, wrap the spoon with cling film so that there is no direct contact with the copper wire. I wrapped the spoon with a film, as you can see, the upper and lower ends of the spoon are bare, this is in order to interact with the solution, now let's start wrapping it with a wire. We leave a piece more authentic, this will be one of the contacts and wind the first layer. I wound one layer, as you can see the turns are not close to each other, there should be space between them for insulation. Now you need to wind the cling film again, I wound the second layer, the film needs to be wound as freely as possible so as not to impede the flow of the solution between the wires, and now you need to wind the second layer of wire and so on, the film, then the wire, and so on until you get bored.

Acid and lead

The most simple in the device is a lead-acid design for the accumulation of electricity. To build it you need:

stable container, with the possibility of its tight closure with a lid;
electrolyte - a solution of battery acid and distilled water;
lead plate - you can use a flattened piece of lead from cable insulation or purchased at a hunting or fishing store;
two metal pins - electrodes that must be driven vertically into lead plates.

Important! When working with homemade electric drives, follow the safety rules: the acid used in the electrolyte is a rather aggressive substance.

Salt, coal and graphite

graphite rods, with a metal cap for soldering the contact;
activated or charcoal, crushed into crumbs;
fabric bags for placing coal powder;
container for electrolyte with a tight lid for fixing the ends of the electrode.

To increase the performance of this kind of design, you can create a battery of several electrodes placed in one container.

Lemons and oranges as a container for electricity

Video

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Homemade high capacity battery. Do-it-yourself lithium-ion battery: how to properly charge

Another way to make a homemade battery

How to make a battery

Acid and lead

Salt, coal and graphite

Lemons and oranges as a container for electricity

Uceleu.Ru Full site version

Do-it-yourself eternal battery 2.13 volts.

Acid and lead

Salt, coal and graphite

Lemons and oranges as a container for electricity

Video

What else to read

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