Beans planting and care in the open field. Garden work in the spring - planting beans in open ground

Beans are an indispensable vegetable in the diet of any person, both as a dietary product and for the full replenishment of protein and energy for people involved in sports or hard work. To grow good harvest It is important to know when to plant beans outdoors.

Preparatory work

Beans are unpretentious to the quality of the soil, but it is necessary to pay attention to some subtleties of growing this crop, from preparation for planting to possible diseases bean culture. If you know in advance the nuances of growing and the period when it is right to plant beans in open ground, then the harvest will delight even novice gardeners with its abundance.

Beginning preparatory work, it should be determined how the beans will be planted in the soil. Planting is possible in two ways: seeds or pre-grown seedlings.

Before sowing seeds in any way, they should be prepared:

1. Selection of "healthy" beans and removal of damaged ones.
2. Soak before planting for at least 12 hours in room temperature water;
3. Immediately before planting in the ground, the treatment of each bean with a solution boric acid. It is prepared in the proportion of 2 grams of acid per 10 liters of water.

Planting beans in open ground with seeds requires their pre-soaking. It's done in the following way: the amount of seeds required for planting is wrapped in any natural fabric, it is better if it is cotton. Then the beans, wrapped in a cloth, are placed in a bowl and moistened with plenty of water. It is important to keep the seeds always moist.

In a few days, small sprouts will appear. Such seeds are already suitable for planting in the ground. Already, when the beans are planted in open ground, it remains only to wait for the harvest with proper care.

If waiting for the appearance of pods for a long time is not included in the plans, then you can speed up their appearance by planting beans with seedlings. To obtain it, pre-sprouted beans are planted in small pots or containers. There they will be until the emergence of seedlings. After 2-3 weeks after their appearance, the seedlings are ready for planting in the ground.

Landing is done in the same way. asparagus beans into open ground.

Soil Requirements

The best bean crop will be on loose soil. Ideally, if it is black soil. Growing beans in open ground in Siberia it is also possible, but it should be borne in mind that the yield of a crop growing in clayey and marshy soils is much worse.

The ability of beans to enrich the soil with oxygen is known. Often it is planted for this very purpose. Experts advise choosing a site for planting it, based on what has grown on it before. The ideal predecessors of beans in the selected area are:

• tomatoes;
• cucumbers;
• White cabbage.

Soil preparation before planting is also important.

Before you lower the seeds into it, the soil should be enriched with oxygen. To do this, the site is dug up, large clods of earth are loosened. In this state, it is left for a maximum of 3 days, after which legumes are planted. .

Climbing varieties of crops can be planted along fences and fences. Firstly, it saves space, and secondly, it makes it easier to care for the culture.

Beans planting and care in the open field

If growing beans is something new, don't worry about it. This is an unpretentious culture that requires minimal care. It is worth considering a few simple nuances of landing and further care for culture, so that later all winter you can enjoy bean dishes.

The subtleties of landing

Beans are quite a heat-loving crop, so it is recommended to plant them in open ground when it is already warm enough. For example, planting beans in open ground in the Moscow region is possible at the end of May or in early June. At this time, the risk of frost on the ground is already minimal. upper layers soil and plenty of sunlight.

• observe the distance between rows within 40-50 centimeters;
• between holes with seeds there should be a distance of at least 20 centimeters;
• the denser the soil, the shallower the planting depth should be, and it should not exceed 5 centimeters.

Before lowering the seeds into the hole, the earth should be well moistened.

Beans will sprout faster if you create a kind of greenhouse for them. To do this, simply cover the beds with polyethylene or other material that will let in sunlight and keep warm.

Crop care

Some specific care for bean sprouts is not required, but if there is a desire to get a good harvest, then some effort will need to be made. important timely watering, weeding and loosening beds. It is important to provide air access to the roots of the plant. To do this, the soil should be loosened regularly and the formation of a dry crust on the surface of the earth should not be allowed.

There are times when diseases appear on the leaves of a plant. To exclude their spread in the early stages, it is recommended to periodically inspect the leaves. Early detection of diseases and pests effective fight with them.

Experienced vegetable growers know one little trick that attracts bean flowers a large number of insects during its flowering period. To do this, they spray the plant bushes with sweet water or place containers with sugar syrup or honey. Such a simple procedure helps to increase crop yields several times over.

Proper watering

For beans proper watering is very important. But at the same time, you should not overdo it with it. Enough to organize once a week. Before flowers appear on the bushes, the calculation of the amount of water is carried out at the rate of 6 liters per 1 square meter.

During flowering and pod formation, the amount of water should be at least doubled. If watering is not enough, then this can lead to the death of flowers and ovaries. Also, the lack of watering will be felt in the taste of bean fruits.

Excess moisture is also undesirable. This leads to active growth of leaves on the bushes and slows down the growth and formation of pods, which in turn affects the yield.

For a long time, beans have been planted in open ground in Ukraine, Russia and other countries, and every year the methods of planting and growing are improving and improving. This helps in the end to get a good harvest of this useful culture, from which you can cook a lot of healthy and dietary dishes.

Video about planting beans

Asparagus (green) beans differ from traditional beans in that they do not eat beans, but unripe pods containing many vitamins. Growing such beans is no more difficult than ordinary beans, in fact - planted, waited and harvested. There are no problems with planting, which can be carried out on any, even the smallest bed.

When and how to plant asparagus beans

Asparagus beans - a dietary product - a rather early ripening crop, but lovers of growing it still try to plant mainly early and medium varieties in order to get a harvest in the first half of summer. Most early ripe varieties they begin to bear fruit a month and a half after planting, and you can plant beans when the soil warms up more or less. Those who want to get a harvest even earlier can do this by growing seedlings at home.

Planting beans for seedlings

In the conditions of the middle lane, and even more so in the south, there is no need to grow seedlings of asparagus beans; only lovers of very early harvests and those who grow products in large quantities for sale. In the northern regions, many gardeners try to pre-grow seedlings, because otherwise the length of the harvest will be short. You can sow beans for seedlings both at home and in a greenhouse.

It is preferable to plant beans in peat or paper cups. This is good because when landing on a garden bed, it will be easier not to disturb the soil lump: this culture reacts poorly even to the slightest damage to the root system. Plastic cups are also suitable, but they are harder to remove seedlings from. Using a common box for all seedlings is the worst option.

Peat pots or cups are good because you do not need to take out seedlings from them, they are completely buried in the garden, and the roots grow through the shell

It is necessary to plant seeds for seedlings about a month before the intended planting of it in the garden. It is difficult to name specific dates, since they depend both on the variety of beans (to a lesser extent), and, mainly, on the region where the gardener lives. Of course, the current weather can also make a correction, but in general, the determining parameter is the climate of the region. And if, for example, in middle lane In Russia, landing in the ground can be carried out at the end of May, which means that beans can be sown in cups at the end of April. Planting beans for seedlings is simple:

1. It is better to disinfect seeds harvested from your garden or purchased seeds by holding for half an hour in a purple solution of potassium permanganate, then rinse with water.
2. The soil for the cups should be light: best of all - sod land half with compost. You can add some sand and ash; sometimes recommended mineral fertilizers, I think, will be superfluous.
3. The soil in the cups should be slightly moistened.
4. Sowing seeds is carried out to a depth of 3-4 cm. If there are a lot of seeds, you can plant two, then remove the weaker plant. But usually the germination of beans is good, you can plant one bean at a time.
5. To create a greenhouse effect, you can cover the cups with plastic wrap or glass, put in a warm place.
6. After emergence of seedlings, remove the shelter and place the seedlings in a sunny place.

Planting asparagus beans in open ground

The timing of planting beans in open ground varies somewhat depending on whether we are talking about planting seedlings or direct sowing of seeds: seeds can be sown about a week earlier than planting seedlings.

Planting seedlings in the garden

In open ground, seedlings of asparagus beans can be planted when warm weather sets in. Specific dates depend on the region's climate and weather. In the middle lane, this opportunity appears at the end of spring, when the possibility of return frosts finally passes. In the north, accordingly, the dates are shifted to mid-June, and in the southern regions, by the May Day holidays, everything is usually planted. And they don't do bean seedlings there. Disembarkation is carried out in the same way as in the case of most vegetable crops. Seedlings should have at least 3-4 true leaves. The algorithm is this:

1. About a week before planting in the ground, seedlings are taught to cool and breeze. Hardening consists in the fact that it is taken out to the balcony or to the street for a while.
2. On the day of planting, seedlings in cups should be sorted, removing weak specimens, and watered well.
3. Loosen the bed prepared in advance with the removal of weeds.
4. Make wells according to the size of the cups, pour them well with water.
5. Carefully removing the seedlings with a clod of earth from the cups, you need to put it in the holes at the same level as it grew before, or deepen it by 1–2 cm. If the cup was peat, plant it with it.
6. Having filled all the voids in the hole with soil, it is necessary to water again and lightly mulch.

Sowing seeds in open ground

Direct sowing of bean seeds in open ground is possible a little earlier than planting seedlings, but the earth in the garden should still warm up by this time. Active growth asparagus bean is observed at an air temperature of 20–25 ºС, but seedlings can appear at a soil temperature at a depth of 8–10 cm of about 12 ºС. In the middle lane this is the second half of May, in the north - the beginning of summer. In the southern regions, beans are sown already in April. The main condition for good seed germination and further growth of beans is that even weak frosts do not return: at temperatures below zero, seedlings die.

Bean seeds are rarely unusable: if they are not expired, germination is quite high

You can often read that the shelf life of asparagus bean seeds does not exceed 5-7 years. Experience shows that, fortunately, this is not entirely true. 10 years ago, due to a situation at work, the author of these lines failed to harvest in time, and basically all the pods overripe. And when large beans are formed, they are not only unsuitable for food, but they already become tasteless. I had to leave the pods to ripen in order to collect the seeds. There were a lot of seeds, and so far they are planted every year. Maybe I'm taking a risk, but so far the germination rate has been 100%.

Sowing green beans is extremely simple:

1. A seedbed for sowing should be chosen well-lit and protected from cold winds. The soil should be loose and fertile. Wet areas and heavy soil beans are not good.
2. In autumn, you need to dig up a bed with fertilizers. For 1 square meter you will need a bucket of humus and 30 g of superphosphate. potash fertilizers(20 g) can be replaced with wood ash (half-liter jar). There is enough nitrogen in the humus, mineral nitrogen fertilizers do not need to be added.
3. Seeds should be disinfected (half an hour in a solution of potassium permanganate), at the same time discarding the unusable ones, they will float. You can sow immediately after that, rinsing with water, or you can soak for 10-12 hours in water. Swollen seeds will sprout a little faster.
4. Having outlined the rows, you can sow. Sowing depth on light soils is 4–5 cm, on loamy soils - one centimeter less. If the ground is dry, the crops should be watered.
5. After sowing and watering, it is better to mulch the land thin layer humus or at least dry earth.

Video: sowing asparagus beans with seeds

Scheme of planting asparagus beans

Among asparagus beans are found bush varieties and curly. Bush grow in low bushes (up to half a meter) and usually do not require supports. Climbing varieties definitely need a support (stakes or trellis) along which the plants will climb up, sometimes to a height of 2 meters or more.

The author of these lines planted curly beans for several years in a row Blue Lake at the fence, on the other side of which the neighbor's house stands close, in the hope that the beans will like not only the fence as a support, but also that rainwater, which, flowing down from the roof, will water the garden bed. It turned out that the place was not chosen very well: even in the conditions of the Middle Volga region, too much water flows from the roof, and the earth turns sour. Asparagus loves moisture, but waterlogging is completely useless to her.

Usually bush varieties are planted a little denser than climbing ones: climbing beans require several big square nutrition, often it has a higher yield. For bush varieties, 25–30 cm are left between rows, and in a row, seeds are sown after 10–15 cm. At the same time, both horizontal planting and a staggered order of bushes are possible.

Bush beans grow in low, but sprawling bushes, subsequently filling the entire garden bed and preventing weeds from breaking through

For climbing varieties, the inter-row spacing is half a meter, and 20–30 cm are left between plants in a row. However, the gap between the rows may be different, depending on how it is more convenient to build a support. The support is often a metal or plastic mesh with large cells, placed vertically and attached to poles driven into the ground. It is better to install the support in advance, without waiting for the plants to urgently need it. It is not necessary to tie the beans, they cling to the barrier perfectly.

Climbing varieties climb high, clinging to any obstacles

Basic rules for plant care

Shoots of asparagus beans appear a week and a half after sowing. If they sowed "with a margin", and seedlings appeared frequent, they must be thinned out. While they are still small, it is advisable to loosen the soil more often and weed weeds. After the growth of the bushes, loosening will be impossible, so it is better to mulch the bed. When the bushes reach a height of 10–12 cm, they can be slightly hilled.

Watering is needed infrequent and moderate: this culture is quite drought-resistant, but with insufficient moisture, the bushes grow poorly and bear little fruit. It is necessary to water not by sprinkling, but under the root, better in the evening with water heated in the sun. Beans will respond well to top dressing, which can be done several times over the summer. Just before the beginning of flowering, you can give phosphorus-potassium top dressing, and repeat it at the beginning of the growth of the first blades. After another 2-3 weeks, the third top dressing will be useful.

Oddly enough, nitrogen should not be given: after all, usually vegetables consumed in green form are tried to be fertilized with nitrogen-containing substances. But beans, like peas, are a nitrogen-accumulating plant, somehow extracting it from the deep layers of the earth. Since phosphorus and potassium are found in wood ash, purchased fertilizers can be successfully replaced with it, scattering ash around the plants and then watering the garden bed.

Early-ripening varieties are ready for harvesting one and a half to two months after sowing, late-ripening varieties can linger up to four months. But fruiting in asparagus beans is long and continuous: if you cut off the shoulder blades in time, new flowers appear and new harvest. The blades are ready to be harvested about a week after the flower closes. If everything is done on time, the harvest of early ripe beans can be harvested until autumn.

Video: Harvesting Asparagus Beans

Asparagus beans are an excellent source of vitamins, they are eaten unripe, along with the pods. Growing it in amateur gardens is not difficult, and sowing is carried out in the same way as sowing vegetable peas, only much later. This is a heat-loving vegetable that can produce crops from mid-summer to autumn. Having planted asparagus beans once, you will want to do this in subsequent years.

On how this culture appeared on our table, the opinions of historians differ. Some believe that Europeans gained access to the cultivation of beans in ancient Roman times, while their opponents are sure that the first European to try this delicacy was the discoverer of the American continent, Christopher Columbus. Be that as it may, beans as a food product are firmly entrenched around the world. an important role in promoting this leguminous plant on the territory of the Old World, the French doctor Geoffrey played, who proved the usefulness of its use for the human body. Now beans are grown in industrial scale, so on household plots for personal use. It is about how to grow a good harvest of beans on our six acres, we will talk further.

Varieties and characteristics of beans

People have been familiar with various legumes since the Stone Age. The fruits of these plants have two long and dense valves, the edges of which are neatly closed. Between them are seeds. They are arranged in straight lines. The shape of the pods is most often oblong, straight, but sometimes it can be slightly curved or in the form of a spiral. Beans are more properly called leguminous vegetables. The fact is that the nutritional value of such mature seeds is almost the same as that of cereal crops. In our area, among legumes, in addition to beans, peas, soybeans, peanuts and lentils are also grown.

When the beans ripen, the valves dry out, after which they open and, as a result, seeds spill out of them. If the pods are harvested immature, then these fruits are more correctly considered green vegetables. This is usually done with green beans. As for the calorie content of legumes, 100 g contains approximately 57 kilocalories. At the same time, beans contain 0.2 g of fat, 7 g of protein and 8 g of carbohydrates. Beans are rich in organic acids, dietary fiber, monosaccharides, disaccharides and starch. They also contain vitamin A, C, PP and group B (B1, B2, B6). Minerals include iron and phosphorus.

The whole variety of beans can be divided into two main groups:

• fodder,
• food.

There are about a hundred different varieties. Forage species usually have small seeds and a highly developed above-ground part. Such fruits contain a lot of carbohydrates, protein and vitamins. Moreover, they are concentrated not only in grains, but also in green shoots, and even in silage. Due to the high content of nitrogen in the fruits, fodder varieties are used as green fertilizers. About fourteen zoned varieties are grown on the territory of Russia today. At the same time, the most popular are "Aushra", "Brown", "Pikulovsky" and "Uladovsky violet".

As for edible beans, they usually have large seeds and large fruits. At the same time, they have fleshy and hard wings. Today there are long-leaved species that can reach a length of up to 27 cm with 7-10 seeds. In addition, there are wide-leaved varieties that have only 2-5 seeds between the valves. Dry grains, green shoots both without pods and in pods are used as food.

In order to grow a good crop, you need to know which bean varieties are best suited to your needs and the characteristics of your site.

All varieties of this plant can be divided into two groups:

1. Shelling.
2. Asparagus.

Shelling. Their cultivation is carried out to obtain grain. These varieties are distinguished by a rough parchment layer that is present in the fruits of the plant. These beans are also called string beans. Among this species, the most popular varieties are:

• Red beans. Quite a popular type of beans. It differs in that the fruits cannot be consumed raw - they are very toxic. Toxins are removed from the beans only after careful heat treatment. The fruits of the plant contain a large amount of fiber and vitamins, which makes their use very beneficial for the body.

• White beans. It has a high content of calcium and magnesium in its fruits. Useful for preventing heart disease. Also, the fruits of white beans are rich in vitamin C, which helps to absorb iron, which makes it indispensable in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia.

• Green or string beans. This type of plant has tender pods, which makes them possible to eat. Initially, such beans were intended for decorative purposes, but given their beautiful taste qualities, it began to be used as additives or even in the form of independent dishes. It cooks very quickly and is perfectly preserved frozen for a long time.

• Less popular in our country are yellow (wax) beans and purple, which is also called Georgian.

Asparagus bean varieties. This type of plant is distinguished by rather tender pods, which makes them possible to eat.

Among the asparagus beans, the following varieties are most popular:

• "Deer King"
• "Fana".
• "Indiana".
• "Panther".

In general, more than two hundred species of this plant are known today. And the most common is asparagus officinalis. This one usually ripens very early. The first fruits can be harvested in the spring, namely, in April. It is recommended to eat only the youngest. Only they are considered tasty and healthy. If the asparagus has buds open, it means that it has become too tough and therefore not suitable for consumption.

Today, asparagus beans are used in cooking and often as decorative element, which is included in flower ensembles. Whatever the variety of asparagus, it is always low in calories. So, 100 grams usually contains only 21 kilocalories. In addition, this variety of beans is a fairly light food. Therefore, it is easy to digest. Asparagus saturates the human body with essential vitamins and minerals.

Each bean variety has its own taste and beneficial features, therefore, it is necessary to decide which one to grow in your country house on your own.

Choosing a site for planting beans

The greatest harvest brings beans planted on light soils rich in microelements and minerals. In addition, they must be sufficiently drained so as not to contain a large amount of excess moisture. On the clay soils from high location ground water crops of this crop may not even sprout. Beans are a light and heat-loving plant, so when choosing a site for planting it, make sure that it gets enough sunlight.

Before sowing beans, the soil is fertilized with organic mixtures. You can also use mineral fertilizers: ammonium nitrate, superphosphate and potassium chloride. True, here you should be very careful not to overdo it. The high content of nitrogen in the soil contributes to the rapid growth of the green mass of the plant, which occurs to the detriment of the development of pods.

For successful cultivation beans, like all legumes, it is necessary to observe the correct change of plants on the site. So, beans feel very good after cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, potatoes. In the area where the beans previously grew, it is not worth repeating the crops of this crop for 3-4 years, since there is a high risk of plant infection with various diseases.

Like all legumes, beans accumulate a large number of beneficial bacteria on their roots, which produce a huge amount of nitrogen during their vital activity. Crops of this plant are able to add enough nitrogen fertilizers to the soil for excellent growth of other crops. After harvesting the beans, the soil does not need additional nitrogen fertilizing.

When is the right time to plant beans?

Sowing bean seeds is carried out closer to mid-May. The fact is that the seeds of this culture germinate quite quickly. We all remember that it is bean seeds that are most often used as an experimental material in biology lessons, since a sprout from them appears in a fairly short time.

If, after the appearance of the shoots, the air temperature drops below + 5⁰С, they will simply slow down their growth; if they drop below zero, the shoots may die altogether. Therefore, sowing beans should be carried out when the probability of frost is minimal. If necessary, if after sowing a frost still caught you, it is necessary to cover the beds with beans with polyethylene film. Some gardeners carry out sowing in two stages with a difference between them of 7-10 days.

Beans: planting and care

Sowing beans in two ways:

• private,
• tape.

These methods differ in the following. With the ordinary method, seeds are sown in holes in one row with a distance between them of at least 0.5 m, and with the flying method, a tape of 2-3 rows is sown with a distance between them of at least 0.6 m. The distance between holes in a row depends on the type of soil in which the seeds are planted. So, with sandy and sandy loamy soils, the seeds are deepened by 4-5 cm, and with clay and loamy soils by 2-4 cm. it is in specially equipped beds.

Beans do not require special care In comparison with others horticultural crops. All care consists in timely weeding of beds from weeds, watering, loosening the soil and pest control. After the appearance of the first true leaf, the seedlings of the plant are thinned out so that the distance between them is at least 10-12 cm.

Watering beds with beans is carried out only at certain periods. So, the plant is in dire need of moisture in the first periods of its formation. After the appearance of 4-5 leaves, abundant watering can be stopped for a while, resuming it after the plant begins to bloom. The moisture that the beans will receive with precipitation is quite enough.

Fertilizing plants should also be done with caution. So, going overboard with nitrogen fertilizers, you can get a very strong haulm and an underdeveloped bean. Therefore, top dressing is made only in case of emergency. It is allowed to apply superphosphate in combination with potassium salt at 30-40 g / m 2 during the first application and 10-15 g / m 2 again. Do this only when the buds appear on the plants. During the ripening of the beans, fertilizer is carried out with the help of ash.

Growing beans on a trellis

Curly varieties of beans require additional support for the stems during their growth. An ideal support for the vine will be a trellis. A trellis is a special structure made of metal or wooden rods, between which a rope, twine or thick wire is stretched. Thanks to them, the plant clings and strives upward. Due to the trellis, the bean vine can receive much more light, which will favorably affect its growth and the formation of beans.

Making a tapestry is not too difficult. Now on sale special plastic mesh, something similar to a chain-link mesh. Its "charm" is that it can be used for several seasons. The use of such a grid will save on rods as a support. For a bed 6-7 m long, 3-4 supports placed every 2-3 meters are enough. A stainless wire Ø 3-4 mm is stretched between the supports, to which the mesh is attached. After harvesting, the trellis can not be removed, but cucumbers can be planted on the beds where the beans were. They will grow well in nitrogen-rich soil. According to the results of experiments, the yield of cucumbers after beans increases by 30%.

If you are going to sow beans in a belt way, then the trellis should look like a pyramid. Then two rods are placed to the main support at an angle of 15⁰-20⁰, between which the wire is stretched. And already two rows of polyethylene mesh are attached to it.

Harvesting beans

Harvest bean fruits depending on their purpose. So, sugar and semi sugar varieties harvested 8-9 days after the formation of the ovary. By this time, the beans have time to grow in length up to 13 cm, and in width up to 1 cm. At the same time, sugar varieties are harvested at intervals of 5-6 days, and semi-sugar varieties with less. The thing is that they harden faster and lose their taste. To use the grain, the beans are harvested after the onset of waxy maturity. The plant is pulled out of the soil, tied into small sheaves and hung under a shed or in a barn. After 10-15 days of ripening, the beans are split and grains are taken out of them. Store bean seeds in a cool place in jars or in closed buckets to prevent the appearance of harmful insects in them.

How to choose beans

Quality fruits of green beans always have a smooth and clean surface. However, they should be brightly colored. If the seeds are shriveled, faded and damaged, then this indicates that they are overdried or stored for too long. Acquired beans must first be decomposed into a dry flat surface and be sure to sort out in order to remove excess debris. After that, we place them in a container in which they will be stored. When storing fruits, you should know that you should not keep them near a heat source, for example, near a battery or stove. In general, if the beans are stored correctly, they will be able to save all their beneficial properties for up to six months.

Beans: photo

Growing beans: video

Two types of beans are grown in vegetable gardens: grain and vegetable. Both species are valuable high-protein crops. Beans at proper care regardless of the weather can give an excellent harvest.

Beans are thermophilic plants. Seeds begin to germinate at a temperature not lower than +8°C.

The higher the temperature, the faster the seedlings will appear. At a temperature of +14°C, the beans peep out on the surface on the 12-13th day, and at +23 ... +24 - already on the sixth day. It makes no sense to maintain a high temperature, since shoots will not appear earlier than on the sixth day.

At temperatures below 8°C, seeds germinate slowly. If the soil is moist, the beans will rot faster than they will germinate.

Bean sprouts are tender and heat-loving. They die at a temperature of +1°C. Having become stronger, the plants will be able to withstand quick freeze down to -2°C.

Unwanted and too much heat. At +40°C, flowers and buds fall off the beans.

The preferred temperature for plant growth and development is 20-25°C.

Beans love moisture. For seedlings, seeds are sown in moist soil. Moisture-critical phases are swelling and germination of seeds, flowering and pod formation.

Plants can tolerate a short drought before budding, but there must be enough water in the soil and atmosphere during flowering and pod formation, otherwise the flowers and ovaries will fall off and the yield will drop sharply. At the same time, beans do not tolerate excess moisture, especially in cold weather. Under such conditions, it is quickly affected by anthracnose and bacteriosis.

Plants tolerate little shade well, so they are often sown between rows and in joint crops with corn, sunflowers and potatoes.

There are two types of beans: curly and bush. In gardens, bush varieties are often planted with a height of the main stem not higher than 60 cm.

Climbing plants can be used for vertical gardening. They are suitable for small plot. If there is enough space, it is better to plant bush beans, as they are easier to care for - no need to install supports.

On the small areas row spacing can be reduced to 30 cm. In such cases, the first beans will form higher.

If you sow the seeds in a checkerboard pattern, the plants will be better illuminated. When they grow, they form a thick wall that can be used to protect tender crops from the north wind: eggplant, pepper.

Since the culture brings the cotyledons to the surface, the seeds are planted deeper - to a depth of 5 cm, on sandy soils 7 cm. After sowing, it is better to roll or trample the surface of the grooves to level the soil in the garden. In this case, shoots will appear at the same time.

Bean care comes down to watering, weeding and the fight against pathologies. Herbicides can be used against weeds. From cereal weeds - wheatgrass and brome, the herbicide Treflan helps.

Beans are sensitive to herbicides, so any drug must be diluted according to the instructions, avoiding overdose.

Modern bush varieties ripen together, yielding a crop within 10-14 days. Grain beans ripen already 55 days after germination, asparagus - earlier. In the southern regions, the culture manages to produce a crop twice a year.

Asparagus varieties are harvested in the ten-day ovary phase. The seeds inside the beans at this time are no larger than a grain of wheat, and the length of the pods reaches 7-14 cm. At this stage of maturity, the beans have a delicious brittle and juicy texture.

In many varieties of grain beans, the pods crack after the seeds ripen and the grains spill out. Curly beans are pinched at the end of August side shoots and the top of the main stem and remove all unset flowers so that all the fruits have time to ripen.

In autumn, the plants can be uprooted and hung upside down in the shade so that the seeds ripen and dry. harvested seeds dried indoors in a single layer, and then poured into cotton bags, where they can be stored for 6 years, keeping 3-4 days in the freezer to protect against bean weevil.

What are beans afraid of?

Common bean pests:

• grains;
• weevils;
• click beetle larvae.

Beans threaten disease:

• ordinary and yellow mosaic;
• fungal and bacterial pathologies - anthracnose, white rot, rust, fusarium and bacteriosis.

To prevent the appearance of pests and diseases, it is enough to observe the correct agricultural technology:

• Alternate crops in crop rotation. Beans should not be sown after other legumes, including perennial fodder grasses and green manure - clover, alfalfa, sweet clover and sainfoin.
• Use for sowing seeds of zoned varieties that do not have signs of mold or rot.
• Immediately remove atypical plants with spots and specks on the leaves from the garden - they can be affected by viruses.
• Form rows in the direction of the prevailing winds.
• Do not plant bean plantings in a lowland where dew persists for a long time and there is a threat of disease outbreaks.

Planting beans in open ground and caring for them are not difficult. This crop can be successfully grown by inexperienced gardeners, getting a good return on their efforts.

Both asparagus and green beans are considered among the most valuable, tasty and healthy members of the legume family. They are native to South and Central America. Now it is cultivated almost everywhere, it is possible to grow a rich harvest even in Siberia.

String beans have earned particular popularity not only because of their pleasant mild taste. It contains vitamins (A, C, B1, E, B2), macro- and microelements, including calcium salts, phosphorus, zinc, iron and folic acid. In addition, the composition of green beans includes a sufficient amount of easily digestible protein and fiber. In this article, we would like to talk about growing beans and answer such questions: "How to plant, how to care for and what kind of beans to choose for your summer cottage?" We hope our recommendations will help you.

Green beans: planting, growing. We select the soil

This is enough unpretentious plant. It is easy to get a rich harvest, following some agrotechnical rules for growing and caring. Light, fertile and well-drained soils with moderate moisture are excellent for cultivating beans and green beans and asparagus. Medium or light loams, as well as sandy loams, will allow you to get a really good crop of legumes. Too wet, swampy, heavy soils are unlikely to work - the plants will get sick and develop poorly. Growing beans must be carried out in areas protected from the wind, warmed up and normally lit. But, in principle, partial shade is also suitable. Of course, the chosen place for planting seeds should be well cleared of all kinds of weeds. Not bad if potatoes, tomatoes or cabbage were grown before beans.

plant seeds properly

Since autumn, the site chosen for planting is prepared: they dig up and add organic matter (6 kg per 1 m²), superphosphate (35 g per 1 m²), and also (20 g per 1 m²). In the spring, a complex is added to the soil mineral fertilizer with a high content of potassium (25 g per 1 m²). On well-prepared soil, green beans will grow better and more actively. How to plant seeds? First, you need to wait for the earth to warm up to 15-18 ° C and exclude the possibility of repeated frosts. In the south of Russia, sowing beans can be safely carried out from mid-May, in other regions it is advisable to wait until June. Remember that green beans love heat very much. How to plant seeds?

Like other crops, dry seeds are pre-soaked. And then they are placed to a depth of 3 or 4 cm in open ground (or under a film cover). Many gardeners recommend keeping the seed material in a manganese solution for 15-20 minutes before planting, and then rinsing it with water. After planting, the area is sprinkled with humus. Seeds require temperatures between 20-25°C to germinate. Usually the first shoots appear after 10 - 20 days. The distance between individual plants should be about 10 cm, so a little later the extra seedlings are thinned out or planted.

Features of planting bush and climbing beans

As a rule, all varieties of beans are divided into curly and bush. Bush asparagus beans are sown in rows. Between the beans, a distance of 15 - 20 cm is maintained, and between rows - about 30 cm. Growing and harvesting bush beans will be more convenient if you leave a free gap of 50 cm every three rows. Before flowering, the plant needs one or two spud once. Then the bean bushes will become more stable and will not die due to strong wind or rain. So, we have determined how best to sow bush varieties of green bean plants. How to plant climbing varieties, we will explain further.

Curly green beans grow well along fences, in which case there is no need to invent props. If this is not possible, plant the bean seeds in rows, leaving a gap of about 7-8 cm between the beans. When the curly beans reach a height of 2-2.5 m, they will need to be pinched to stimulate normal fruiting.

Green beans: cultivation and care. Watering, feeding

String and asparagus beans need good watering. With sufficient and regular moisture, the plants will form fleshy pods and will bear fruit abundantly. For watering, you can prepare a nutritious infusion: fill the barrel more than half with weeds and pour water into it. Leave to sour for seven days. And then dilute 1 liter of the finished infusion in a bucket of water. This solution can be used to moisten bean crops.

Remember that with insufficient soil moisture, the bean stalks will develop poorly, and fruiting will deteriorate significantly. In addition to watering, beans need loosening of row spacing and weeding. In principle, that's all that is required to obtain an excellent crop of crops and caring for this plant will not take you much time and effort. The main thing is to water, sometimes loosen and occasionally feed it. String beans bloom 40 days after germination. The ovaries appear 20 days later, and after another 10 days they reach sufficient maturity. During the vegetative period should be carried out two or three times mineral supplements, one of them - during budding.

Harvesting string beans

Asparagus beans are consumed whole, that is, not only seeds, but also green pods, which have a pleasant taste and aroma, are subject to preparation.
String and asparagus beans are harvested selectively, plucking milk fruits, preventing their grains from hardening. Remove green "shoulder blades" several times a season, depending on the plant variety. Fruiting of beans will continue in summer and autumn, until frost. Bushes destined to receive seed material, do not rob. They are left until the seeds are fully ripe, and in September-October they are removed from the garden.

Popular varieties of green beans

One of the most delicious varieties is the Deer King (Holland). These low-growing bush beans begin to ripen early and produce big harvest. The variety can be recognized by its lemon-yellow pods and white grains. Another good variety considered Fana (Poland). The pods of this bushy asparagus bean have green color, and inside them are white grains. The variety is particularly disease resistant and high yielding. Popular cultivars of curly asparagus are Golden Nectar and Ad Rem (both US). They are distinguished high yield and excellent taste characteristics. Blau Hilde (Austria) - another one excellent grade curly bean. You can recognize it by its purple pods and large creamy grains.

Instead of a conclusion

So, in this article we examined the features of growing valuable plant called green beans. How to plant, how to care for him, feed and harvest - you now know. We hope on our suburban area you will definitely be able to grow this beautiful legume, which is a valuable source of protein, fiber, vitamins, macro- and microelements.