How to feed plants and vegetables in the spring? How to get a good harvest without manure: alternative types of fertilizers for spring top dressing.

Spring is the most responsible and hot time for fertilizing the soil. This period is the base for obtaining a high and high-quality harvest in the fall. The abundance of fruit-bearing crops cannot be ensured without proper plant nutrition. Any, even the most fertile soil, is depleted over time, which directly affects the condition of the plants. Fertilizing in the spring means creating the most favorable conditions for plant nutrition for the entire growing season. Active growth and development of plant crops provide different types of fertilizers. How to balance spring top dressing, which fertilizer to choose and how to optimally combine it with other types of agrochemicals - will be detailed in the article.

Importance of spring fertilization

In spring, plants begin an active growing season. The plant wakes up after a deep winter state of dormancy, when metabolic processes and active growth were inhibited. In that difficult period restoration of strength, help is needed in the form of additional feeding of the plant organism. It is spring fertilizer that starts the process active interaction between plants and soil microorganisms. This symbiosis allows for efficient growth and development of plants.

The main thing is to choose the right spring top dressing, which the plant urgently needs. Fertilizers applied to the soil in spring enrich it with useful nutrients. Receiving a full and balanced diet in full, the plant will surely please with an abundance of high-quality crops.

In spring, both organic and mineral fertilizers can be applied to the soil. Gardeners independently choose a certain type of top dressing, taking into account the type of soil, the characteristics of growing a particular crop, and other factors. Most often practiced competent combination different types fertilizers.

Spring fertilization timing

• Agricultural chemists determine spring period optimum time for additional feeding. Organic fertilizers are usually prepared in advance; mineral - carefully calculate the required dosage. The procedure for fertilizing the land is started in early spring, after the final melting of the snow. It is not advisable to distribute fertilizers over the snow cover, since during thawing most of the top dressing can be “washed away” from the site.
• Most optimal timing fertilizing the soil - before spring plowing. Apply those types of dressings that are especially necessary for plants "at the start".
• feeding fruit trees, you can not wait until the near-stem soil is completely thawed. But vegetable and flower crops are recommended to be fertilized just before planting.
• Experienced gardeners they plan in advance a plan for applying the fertilizers necessary in spring so that all plants receive important trace elements in the optimal amount for their development.
• In this case, in no case, you can not use the axiom: "the more, the better." An excess of organic and mineral substances adversely affects the state of grown crops. Therefore, it is important to know the main features of the use of all types of fertilizers.

Types of fertilizers.organic fertilizer in spring

The group of organic fertilizers is represented by substances of natural origin. These include: manure, bird droppings, compost, sawdust, straw, peat, ash, etc. Organics is a cheap, affordable and very effective raw material for plant nutrition. Participating in the additional loosening of the soil, organic components enrich it with essential microelements and nutrients. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, etc. provides a balanced plant nutrition. Harvest them in advance - in the fall, and apply organic fertilizers in early spring.

Manure

The constituent unit of manure is the excrement of farm animals. It has a characteristic smell and texture. One of the oldest varieties of fertilizers. Fresh manure is one of the valuable fertilizers, although it also has significant shortcomings. Apply fresh manure with caution for most crops. It is able to inhibit the plant organism and even (with an overabundance) lead to its death. This is due to the presence of aggressive substances and urea in it. In addition, it contains weed seeds, spores of bacteria and fungi.

• It is better to use already rotted manure as a valuable top dressing for plants and restoring soil fertility. In this form, all harmful substances disappear. For proper storage of manure, a special place is provided. Manure is constantly compacted during storage to remove excess air and create favorable conditions for the development of the appropriate microflora. There are 4 stages of manure decomposition, the final stage of which is humus (after 1-2 years). In its appearance, it resembles a loose earth mass.
• In autumn, manure can be applied at the 2nd-3rd stage of decomposition, in spring it is better in the form of humus. It is scattered over the site and dug up along with the ground. Sometimes they do without digging, evenly distributing the substrate over the surface of the earth and breaking up large particles. For example, lawn grass fertilize until seedlings emerge. If manure is not enough to fertilize the entire land, it is covered directly in the holes with the plant.
• On average, the amount of fertilizer applied is determined from the calculation: 1 bucket per 1 square meter soil. fruit trees and berry bushes especially well perceive such top dressing.
• Slurry is a valuable nitrogen-potassium fertilizer. The low content of phosphorus makes it possible to combine it with superphosphate (10-15 g per liter of slurry). Use slurry as liquid feed diluted with water 1:5.
• The introduction of manure favorably affects the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, so it is indispensable for soil mulching. Also, thanks to this organic component, plants absorb mineral fertilizers better. Thus, this type of organic fertilizer is a universal spring top dressing.

bird droppings

The chemical composition of bird droppings makes it one of the most valuable types of organic fertilizers. Chicken and pigeon droppings are considered especially valuable. AT pure form bird droppings are practically not used. Apply its aqueous solution in a ratio of 1:2, which is infused for about 4 days. Then the resulting concentrated solution is again diluted with water, already 1:10.

This top dressing surpasses manure in its nutritional qualities. And the speed of action of the constituent components is not inferior to mineral fertilizers. Among the shortcomings - during storage it loses its valuable properties.

Compost

They prepare it with their own hands, making a special compost pit. To use fertilizer in the spring, you must first fill it all summer with any biological mass (manure, peat, bird droppings, mowed grass, tops, fallen leaves, food peelings of vegetables and fruits, weeds, etc.). All this content, under the influence of high temperature, gradually decomposes and a valuable organic top dressing is obtained. The resulting compost is the result of the vital activity of microorganisms, rich in many useful trace elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). Use it for all plant crops by direct spreading over the site, directly into the holes or for digging.

There are varieties of compost, depending on the filling of the compost pit.

• Peat-dung.

Manure is stored with peat in a ratio of 1:1. It is better to cover the composter with something. In the process of compost formation, nitrogen-containing substances are converted into a form accessible to the plant. The composition can be improved by adding phosphorite flour (25 kg per ton of compost). This fertilizer is often used when growing strawberries, thus increasing the number of berry ovaries.

• Made.

The name of the compost corresponds to its constituents. Food leftovers, cleanings, tops, grass, foliage and other waste are placed and compacted in a special box (usually wooden). During the summer, all this content is periodically watered with slurry. Do not cover with anything to avoid the accumulation of an excess of nitrogen in the heap. To improve the quality of the compost substrate, mineral fertilizers are added. As a rule, this is phosphorus (5 kg per 1 ton) or lime (10 kg per 1 ton).

• Vermicultured.

This highly nutritious type of compost is obtained with the help of earthworms. Make a box with a good ventilation system and fill it with fiber material for the worms. This is paper, dry grass, straw. Fall asleep on top with a small amount of earth, water abundantly. A day later, you can "inhabit" the worms. From time to time, food scraps, peelings, egg shells, tea leaves, etc. should be added to the composter. Spring application of vermiculti- vated compost provides for the start of its preparation as early as February / March.

For proper compost maturation, it is recommended to alternate dry and wet layers. And if, at the same time, each layer is sprinkled with earth, the decomposition process will accelerate. Also make sure that the composter has humid environment and if it dries out excessively, pour water over it.

sawdust

As a rule, sawdust is used as mulch or for warming crops. Wood itself is not a fertilizer. But with prolonged lying on it, a number of microorganisms appear that saturate the sawdust with useful substances. Such rotted sawdust is added to the compost, obtaining excellent organic fertilizer.

Green mixes

They are used as an independent fertilizer or as a raw material for the preparation of compost. The optimal combination for the preparation of green manure: a mixture of legumes and cereals. Plants are grown until the moment of optimal development of green mass, after which they are mowed or completely (with a root) embedded in the soil. There, all parts of the plants rot, saturating it with nitrogen and organic matter. Under the influence of microorganisms, the remains of plants turn into the most fertile soil layer - humus.

Peat

This organic top dressing, marsh origin, is used for many herbaceous and fruit plants. The use of peat in the spring is popular for laying a lawn. To do this, remove upper layer soil, lay a layer of peat, sprinkle with earth and lightly compact. Grass seeds can be sown the very next day. Such highly nutritious organic matter contributes to the active and uniform growth of grass. Peat dressing is also useful for fruit trees older than 3 years.

Ash

Contains a large amount of potassium, as well as boron, phosphorus and manganese. Used to reduce soil acidity and as additional top dressing. Ash is added to manure, manure and compost. This dressing is especially useful for tomatoes, potatoes and sweet peppers. most valuable source nutrients– ash after burning straw. Wood ash is also effective, and its composition will be richer after young branches than old ones.

Disadvantages of organic fertilizers

• When fertilizing the ground with organic fertilizing in the spring, it is also worth remembering that there are certain restrictions on their use.
• So, not observing the dosage when introducing fresh manure or bird droppings, you can simply “burn” the cultivated crops.
• In addition, an excess of organic fertilizers (humus, manure) can provoke plant infection with a fungus.
• Experts advise making organic matter once every 2-3 years, providing the land with the necessary set of nutrients.
• A full-fledged spring top dressing involves the introduction of not only organics, but also minerals. If only organic fertilizers are used, plants will not receive enough potassium and phosphorus, which will negatively affect the growth and yield of crops.

Types of fertilizers.Mineral fertilizers in spring

Via mineral fertilizers successfully correct soil characteristics: neutralize acidic and oxidize alkaline soils. They are also rich in nutrients inorganic substances necessary for plant nutrition: potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus. In addition to micro and macro elements, they contain substances that protect plants from fungal diseases. The use of mineral fertilizers in the spring will ensure high yields in the fall. It is convenient and easy to work with them: they are sold as ready-made concentrated mixtures with detailed instructions on the packaging. Mineral fertilizers are applied annually and are considered less labor-intensive to use than organic fertilizers.

nitrogen fertilizers

They have a number of representatives: ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and carbamide (urea). These top dressings are not able to accumulate in the soil, so they need to be applied in not very large doses (250-300 g / m²), systematically. Nitrogen top dressing is carried out only if the soil has not received organic matter before. Such additives accelerate the vegetative growth of plants, stimulate the flowering process and guarantee high yields. Nitrogen fertilizers in the spring are recommended by specialists without fail, since most soils need this element.

potash fertilizers

Form the resistance of plants to frost. Potassium-based preparations contribute to more rapid maturation fruits and active growth of the root system. The dosage is about 200 g/m² of primer.

Phosphorus top dressing

Especially important in the spring, as a powerful stimulator of growth and development of plants. The most common phosphorus-containing fertilizers are superphosphate, phosphate rock, double superphosphate. average rate applications are considered 250 g / m² of earth.

Depending on the composition mineral supplements There are one-component and complex. Complex fertilizers in spring are the most effective, as they represent an enriched and balanced complex of nutrients and mineral salts.

When working with mineral fertilizers, it is important to strictly follow the instructions for their use and dosage. It is also necessary to take into account the types of fertilized soils and the characteristics of cultivated crops.

The main disadvantage of spring top dressing of the soil with mineral fertilizers is their possible leaching with groundwater during rains.

Types of fertilizer in the spring.Bacterial fertilizers

This type of fertilizer is a bacterial preparation that improves plant nutrition. They themselves do not contain nutrients, but when they are used, biochemical processes and root nutrition of plants are improved. Therefore, this type of fertilizer is considered as additional remedy productivity increase. The most famous representatives of this type of fertilizers are rhizotorfin, nitragin, azotobacterin and phosphorobacterin.

As a rule, bacterial preparations are applied in the spring, along with seeds or planting material. Fertilizer is considered environmentally friendly and promising for Agriculture. The shelf life of such dressings is limited, due to the presence of live bacteria in their composition.

Types of fertilizers worldwide.Organo-mineral fertilizers

They are produced in granular form and represent a mixture of organic components with mineral compounds (OMU). This type of fertilizer is recognized as one of the best in terms of its efficiency in agriculture. The mineral salts included in its composition ensure the rapid absorption of nutrients, and the organic matter supplies the plant body with a number of nutrients. Such top dressing is not yet very popular in our country, as it is quite expensive and not always available in stores.

Conditions for fertilizing

In spring, fertilization plays a fundamental role for the seasonal development of plant organisms, while autumn is the period responsible for preparing plants for cold weather and wintering. At the same time, it is important to know the main features and conditions for fertilizing.

Fertilizer field work begins early, just after the snow melts. Granular types of dressings are introduced already in March, as they dissolve for a long time. Liquid solutions of agrochemicals are used a little later - in April / May.

If fruit trees are fertilized, they are processed trunk circle, where the maximum roots are concentrated.

Fertilizers make different ways: under plowing, separately in a hole or beds, evenly scattering on the surface of the earth. For the application of this or that type of top dressing, the type of soil and which crop is fertilized matters.

Organic fertilizer - compost, can be used annually, while manure or litter - once every 2-3 years. Mineral complexes are used annually.

Thus, the choice of top dressing in the spring is individual in each case. This takes into account the type climate zone, characteristics of cultivated crops and soil conditions. Properly conducted spring agronomy will achieve the desired yield and enrich the soil with useful substances. And, on the contrary, improper and irrational use of fertilizing can significantly reduce soil fertility, worsen its structure and cause irreparable harm to growing plants. Therefore, before starting field work on fertilizing plants in the spring, it is important to carefully familiarize yourself with the types of fertilizers, their effect on specific crops, and only after that make a choice.

Video: Spring fertilizer garden plants

During the spring season, all gardeners and gardeners live according to the principle - the day feeds the year. Indeed, in this short period of time, the foundation of the future harvest is laid. By applying fertilizer in the spring to the soil, it is possible to provide plant nutrition for the entire growing season. This is one of the most important top dressings, which fills the earth with basic nutrients, which should be enough until the fall.

The most important thing at the beginning of the growing season - help plants ensure rapid growth and development. These two interdependent processes develop in parallel. The main principle when fertilizing the soil in spring is to correctly start the mechanism of biocenosis between plants and soil microorganisms, correctly choosing agrochemicals and natural top dressing.

The period before spring plowing is the most responsible. At this time, first of all, those fertilizers that will be needed by plants at the start are introduced into the ground. They can be either , or . What to choose depends on the personal preferences of the gardener, and on the level of complexity of the tasks. But the best solution would be competent combination of these two types of top dressing.

Organics for spring application

Folk wisdom says: "Prepare the sleigh in the summer, and the cart in the winter." This proverb most appropriately characterizes the principles of spring fertilization of the soil. Organic fertilizers harvested since autumn will be very useful now, because you can start spreading them over the beds as soon as the snow melts, and everything will be ready for spring plowing.

How to make compost for spring?

The most important thing in this process is to ensure high temperatures in the pile, as they catalyze the decomposition reaction. A pile of tree foliage (except oak), garden tops, mowed and household residues accumulates all summer. It is not rational to burn organic garbage, because it can be used to make excellent fertilizers. There are many compost recipes, but some are especially popular.

Peat-dung

Peat is composted with manure to reduce nitrogen loss, and for the transformation of nitrogen-containing compounds into a form available to plants. The formula of this compost is simple - 1 part of peat is taken for one part of manure. They are laid in alternating layers, 20-25 cm thick. It is not necessary to compact the collar, but it does not hurt to cover it. This substrate is improved by adding phosphorite flour, about 25 kg per ton of compost. This recipe is used to make natural fertilizer, which is very useful for. Using it, you can achieve an increase in the number of ovaries of berries in early June, when they are laid.

Made

Why carry household waste to the trash if you can make an excellent fertilizer out of it? Good owners make excellent compost from organic residues.

Grass, leaves, potato peelings, tops of tomatoes, tea leaves and other waste rammed into a wooden or plastic composter, and watered with slurry throughout the summer. It is not necessary to cover this pile, since there is an excess of nitrogen in the vegetable compost, and if you plan to use it to fertilize the soil next spring, then you need to get rid of some of this chemical element. To bring the prefabricated compost substrate to the condition, mineral supplements are added to it. These are phosphorus - 5 kg per ton, and lime - 10 kg per ton.

Vermicultured

Fertilizer is created using earthworm culture, and contains products of processing of organic substances. To get such a highly nutritious compost, you need to make a box with a good ventilation system and fill it with a source of dietary fiber for worms - paper, straw, dry grass. On top of this heap is poured a small amount of land, and watered with water (all contents should get wet well). One day after the procedure, worms are planted in the box.

In a container with this living substrate, several times a week, it is necessary to put food waste - fruit peels, potato peels, tea brewing. In order for this compost to be applied in the spring under the plants, it must be prepared no later than the end of February - the beginning of March.

Manure

The most important rule is it is impossible to make fresh manure for spring soil fertilization. It will "burn" young sprouts, due to the high content of uric acid and other aggressive elements in it. It is best to use this substrate in a well-rotted state, when most of the harmful impurities have left it.

Humus is used for fertilizing large areas by continuous application. If in industrial agriculture this process is automated and carried out using special equipment, then in the garden you can get by with a bucket and a rake, which should be used to break large pieces and evenly distribute the substrate over the soil surface. Thus, lawns are fertilized in the spring, when the active growth of grass has not yet begun.

Well-rotted manure is a versatile solution for fertilizing the soil in spring. It is brought under fruit trees - 1-3 buckets under one, under berry bushes (currant, gooseberry) - 0.5-1 bucket.

Peat

This swamp organic is perfect for use as a lawn base., which is laid in the spring. The technology is simple - it is necessary to remove the top layer of turf at the place where it is planned to create a lawn, and cover the vacated space with a layer of peat. After that, it should be sprinkled with earth and rolled. A day later, you can start planting grass seeds.

On such a substrate, the lawn grows quickly and evenly. Common fescue, which serves as the basis of most popular lawns, is very fond of peat top dressing.

But this highly nutritious organic matter is useful not only for herbaceous plants. In spring, peat is useful both in the garden and in the garden. For example, it can be applied under pears and (at least 3 years old) as a trunk circle mulch, which after watering will serve as an additional source of nutrition.

Organic fertilizers - less is better

When fertilizing the soil in the spring with organic matter, there are some limitations. If you make an excess amount of natural fertilizers, then you can destroy young seedlings that have just been planted in the ground.

With an excess of organic fertilizers of animal origin (humus, manure, humin), young plants are affected by the fungus. Unhealthy signs can be considered the abundant appearance of yellow and brown leaves on plants, the darkening of the stem, the appearance of a light coating on the lower part of the bush and the soil around.

the result of a spring excess of "organics"

The fungus infects plants directly from the ground, its spores directly penetrate the root system, gradually affecting the entire plant. Seedlings of tomatoes, peppers and eggplants planted in open ground are especially susceptible to such infection.

So that such a nuisance does not occur at the summer cottage, fertilizing the soil in the spring with organic subcorks should be done moderately. In this period preference should be given to more "dry" nutrients to avoid any putrefactive processes in the ground. In spring, there is already enough moisture in the soil, the level of groundwater, due to recent snowmelt, is still very high.

So that the fungus does not develop on the beds intended for planting seedlings, at the beginning of May a moderate amount of dry humus should be added to them, and the soil should be neutralized with dolomite flour mixed with wood ash in a ratio of 50:50.

Do not forget about specialized preparations for cultivating the land. These are Fitolavin, Glyokadinol and Fitosporin-M. They help fight pathogenic microflora.

Mineral fertilizers for spring application

Since organic top dressing nourishes the soil, mainly with nitrogen, then plants can experience potassium and phosphorus starvation, which will have a negative impact on the initial stage of development. Therefore, it is necessary to use agrochemicals that will restore the nutritional balance. The norms for applying mineral fertilizers in the spring are as follows:

• phosphoric () - 250 g / m²;
• (or wood ash) - 200 g / m²;
• (saltpeter,) - 300g / m². Nitrogen fertilizers are applied only if the soil has not received organic matter.

Ready-made mineral top dressings help to correctly calculate the dose of application. They reduce the labor intensity of fertilizing work when planting, and guarantee a predictable result.

They nourish and protect plants. For example, the Kristallon complex contains not only necessary set nutritious macro- and microelements, but also increases immunity, protecting the plant from fungus.

And especially for potatoes, which are grown in almost every garden, a ready-made organomineral complex "Bulba" has been developed. They cultivate the soil before planting to stimulate the germination of bushes. Mineral fertilizers must be applied to the soil every year. They are quickly absorbed by plants, and therefore their supply is quickly depleted.

The main problem with spring fertilization of the soil with mineral fertilizers is that they can be washed too quickly into the lower layers of the soil during precipitation, and leave the land along with groundwater. Therefore, they need apply a few days before planting, or scatter into grooves between rows of garden plants and into trunk circles of garden trees.

Soil fertilization for various plants

Potato

Land dedicated to planting this beloved crop must be fertilized. This is tuberous plant greatly depletes the supply of nutrients in the soil on which it grows. are introduced in two ways: point and continuous.

Point method consists in introducing a nutrient mixture into each well separately, during planting. This method is economical but labor intensive. You have to carry with you not one bucket of tubers, but several at once. With this method of fertilizing, it would be rational to involve several people in planting. One digs, the second throws top dressing, and the third - tubers.

You can use the following mixture as a fertilizer for potatoes - 1 l of dry rotted manure and 0.5 l of wood ash per well.

Continuous application involves the introduction of nutrients in bulk, evenly throughout the site. This is how peasants used manure for many centuries. They did this in the winter to save time, as they planted large volumes of various garden crops and cereals, and in the spring they did not have time to spread organic matter.

Spring is the best time to apply manure. Well-rotted manure over the winter is distributed around the garden a couple of days before digging. If you make it in the spring, then it retains much more useful elements. Mineral fertilizers are also used for continuous application in the garden area intended for potatoes. They are combined with natural supplements.

• For fertile soils, the following ratio is taken - 2 centners of manure (or compost), 2 kg of ammonium sulfate, 1.5 kg of superphosphate and 1.5 potassium fertilizers.
• For depleted soils, more high dosages- 4-5 kg ​​of manure (compost), 2-3 kg of superphosphate, 2-3 kg of ammonium sulfate and 2.5 kg of potash fertilizers.

Strawberry

This berry is one of the earliest in our garden. By feeding the universal pet in time, you can further accelerate the onset of fruiting.

Since this plant is perennial, continuous fertilization under it is impossible. For strawberries, other techniques are used. It is fed under the root, along the leaf, and between the rows. The main task in the spring is to restore the bush after wintering. First of all, strawberries are freed from shelter, weeds, the soil around is loosened, and mulched with peat or sawdust. Simultaneously with loosening, it is necessary to irrigate with a nitrogen complex, for example, "Kemira", diluted at the rate of 20 g per 10 liters of water.

In the next two weeks after applying this complex, nitrogen fertilizers for strawberries are not recommended. But when foliage appears on the bushes, they can be fed with liquid mineral-organic fertilizer - mixed with ammonium sulfate. In the future, to improve the taste of berries, strawberries are fed with potash fertilizers.

garden trees

Fertilizing fruit trees is an essential part of caring for them. The first top dressing is done even before the leaves appear.. Superphosphate, in moderation, can be decomposed along the edges of the near-stem circles already at the end of March. He will "burn" his way to the ground. Such an early date is justified by the fact that phosphorus is slowly turning into an “edible” form for plants.

Organic fertilizers are used in the garden even when the ground has thawed. They need contact with soft soil, so they are loosened before they are introduced, and organic substrates are slightly buried in the near-trunk circle. You can use for this humus from cow and bird manure, as well as ash, as a potash fertilizer and for tillage.

At the end of spring, complex mineral fertilizers can be used for garden trees, in which the mass fraction of potassium is increased, to improve the quality of the ovaries.

Video: preparing the garden for spring

Spring is the base period for all plants. Developing horticultural and horticultural crops need a full-fledged top dressing with nutrients so that they bring a generous harvest in the fall. To achieve good results, the gardener must know which fertilizers can be applied in the spring, and which ones are better to refuse.

Spring top dressing

With the onset of warm days, trees and perennials enter the growing season. After winter dormancy, sap flow and active growth begin. A similar process occurs in garden crops planted with seedlings or sown with grains in the ground. Plants try to gain strength by absorbing nutrients from the earth. However, even the most fertile soil is not able to provide good nutrition without human intervention. The way out of the situation is top dressing with organic and mineral fertilizers.

Soil enrichment cannot be done by everyone that comes to hand. Each plant, tree or shrub requires a balanced and complete feeding with those substances that are lacking in the soil. Experienced vegetable growers independently make up a combined diet of mineral and organic fertilizers, guided by soil analyzes.

It is important to know! Fertilizer applied to the soil more than the prescribed norm will only harm the plant. An excess of nutrients will result in a poor harvest.

Terms of work

Deciding what fertilizer to apply and how much is half the battle. You need to know the optimal timing of the work so that top dressing is beneficial. Conventionally, the time of fertilization in the spring is divided into three periods:

1. Soil fertilization in the snow. The biggest mistake is to scatter mineral fertilizers in early spring over the unmelted snow cover. Most of the nutrients will go with melt water outside the garden. Unfertilized areas will appear, as well as places with a large accumulation of minerals. The method is suitable only for large farms that have not fed the fields in the fall, and a large amount of work lies ahead in early spring. Organics in the snow, in general, cannot be scattered.
2. Fertilizing the soil before sowing or planting seedlings. An ideal period for all cultures. The fertilizer will have time to dissolve, evenly distributed throughout the area. root system young plant after planting, they will immediately receive nutrients. To achieve the optimal effect, the scattered fertilizer is covered with a layer of earth.
3. Applying fertilizer to the hole during sowing or planting seedlings. An effective but dangerous method that requires a lot of experience. The root system immediately receives a large concentrate of substances. Mistakes with the dose will destroy the plant.

A novice gardener should adhere to the second period of fertilizing the soil - before planting garden crops. This rule is also suitable for flower growers. Fruit trees can be fed even before the ground around the trunk is completely thawed.

Advice! With any feeding option, you should not immediately apply a large portion of fertilizer. It is better to divide the process into 2-3 times at short intervals.

organic fertilizers

The most popular top dressing in rural areas is organic. Fertilizer for many gardeners is free, but it works no worse than store-bought products.

Compost

Effective fertilizer consists of decomposed organic waste. The rotting process takes place in a pit or heap fenced with shields. For the preparation of compost, the tops of garden crops, weeds, sawdust, foliage from trees, and any food waste are used. fast decay organics occurs at a temperature of +40 o C.

Properly prepared compost can replace mineral fertilizers. To do this, organics are not just randomly thrown into a heap, but alternate wet and dry layers. Succulent vegetation is mixed with sawdust or dry foliage. Complete nutrients are obtained by adding bird droppings or fresh manure from pets. Phosphorus flour will help enrich organic matter with microelements. For 100 kg of decaying waste, 2 kg of the substance is added. Good results gives peat, but it forms an acidic environment. Wood ash will help restore balance.

Advice! To speed up decay, each layer of organic waste is sprinkled with earth. In a hot dry summer, a bunch is watered, but the water should not stand in a puddle. A film cover will help retain moisture and maintain the optimum temperature.

Manure

Organics are obtained from used pet bedding. The basis is fresh manure mixed with straw, grass or wood chips. The fertilizer is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and others. useful material. To prepare manure, the dirty bedding is piled up, and covered with plastic wrap on top. The rotting process lasts at least 1 year. The finished organics are scattered with pitchforks over the site and evenly distributed with a rake.

Attention! Not rotted manure can only be used for warm beds.

Humus

The composition of organic matter includes manure or compost that has rotted for two or more years. Ready humus is determined by friability and earthy smell. The resulting substance is considered a universal fertilizer, suitable for feeding, mulching, adding to the wells when planting seedlings.

bird droppings

In terms of the amount of useful substances, organic matter is ahead of mullein. Pure manure is highly concentrated and is used only for composting. In a diluted form, organic matter is ideal for feeding garden crops, especially tomatoes. Sourdough is made from 1 part manure and 10 parts water. The fermented infusion is diluted with water at the rate of 1:4 and the plants are poured under the root with this solution.

Ash

The most useful ash for vegetation is obtained by burning young tree branches and straw. The substance is rich in potassium, which helps to reduce the acidity of the soil. Ash serves as a good top dressing for most garden crops, except for carrots. Tomatoes, potatoes, sweet peppers react well to the substance.

Peat

If the site is not located on peatlands, then this organic matter will have to be bought. Peat is used in the arrangement beautiful lawns. The substance is evenly scattered over the site, crushed with earth, and after a day they begin to sow the seeds. Peat is well suited for soil mulching, especially around the trunks of three-year-old apple tree seedlings.

Bacterial fertilizers

The drug is more used in the cultivation of flowers, as well as garden crops. The composition contains living microorganisms that help plants absorb nutrients from the soil. A striking example is humus, but there are also more concentrated preparations. Bacterial fertilizers are applied in spring to warm soil during seed sowing.

Sapropel

The tablet preparation is made from organic deposits of the bottom of the reservoir. Tablets are applied during soil preparation or during crop sowing. The drug is covered with earth, otherwise it is useless.

Mineral fertilizers

Fertilizing with minerals helps to increase yields, develop plants, and normalize the acid balance of the soil. Fertilizers can neutralize acid or, conversely, oxidize alkaline soil. The composition includes inorganic substances that protect garden crops from fungal diseases. Packaged fertilizers are sold. Each package contains instructions for use. Plants are fed with minerals annually.

Nitrogen

This type of fertilizer includes: urea, saltpeter and ammonium sulfate.

Top dressing with these substances is in demand for soil where organic matter was not added. Nitrogen-containing preparations are used in early spring in initial period plant vegetation. Fertilizers do not tend to accumulate in the ground, which is why they are applied periodically in parts of 300 g / m 2. Nitrogen contributes to the growth, development and flowering of the plant, as well as the formation of the ovary.

Potash

The preparations are applied to the soil at the rate of 200 g/m 2 . Potassium develops the resistance of green spaces to cold weather and even a drop in temperature to a negative level. Fertilizer accelerates the ripening of fruits, promotes branching of the root system.

Phosphoric

In spring, phosphorus-containing substances are in demand by plants along with nitrogen. The following preparations are best known to gardeners: double superphosphate, phosphate rock and superphosphate.

Phosphorus promotes rapid growth plant stem and its further development. The drug is applied at the rate of 250 g/m 2 of land.

Mineral fertilizers differ in composition. The simplest are single-component preparations. For spring top dressing, complex fertilizers are more in demand. They are composed of several minerals containing nutritional and protective components. Complex preparations increase plant immunity, which prevents the development of fungal and bacterial diseases.

Factory-made fertilizers are general use and specially designed systems for certain culture, for example: "Bulba" - for potatoes, and "Kemira-Universal" - for garden trees.

Attention! When applying mineral fertilizers, it is important to comply with the dosage indicated in the instructions. In this case, you need to know the type of soil. Well, if there is an opportunity to make an analysis of the land from the site.

Any horticultural crop ornamental plant demanding to a certain substance, whether it is a mineral or organic.

Potato

Top dressing of the culture is carried out in a continuous or hole way. On the big garden the continuous method is acceptable. Top dressing is evenly scattered throughout the area. The composition of the mixture depends on the type of soil.

For infertile land:

• compost or manure - 5 kg;
• ammonium sulfate - 3 kg;
• superphosphate - 3 kg;
• potassium-containing drug -2.5 kg.

For nutrient soil:

• compost or manure - 2 kg;
• ammonium sulfate - 2 kg;
• superphosphate - 1.5 kg;
• potassium-containing drug - 1.5 kg.

In the hole version, fertilizer is applied to each hole during planting of tubers. The method is suitable for the owner of a small plot. However, it is more convenient to plant potatoes for three people: one works with a shovel, the second pours fertilizer, the third lays tubers in the holes. Potatoes are fed with a mixture of 1 liter of manure with 0.5 liters of ash. This amount is calculated per well.

tomatoes

Tomatoes love prepared soil. It is better to do this in the fall or, in extreme cases, in early spring. In the beds before planting seedlings, the earth is mixed with peat, manure and loamy soil is added. For top dressing at the initial stage, organic matter is used. Of the store preparations, superphosphate and complex fertilizers are best suited. Minerals are added once every 2 weeks.

cucumbers

High warm beds are prepared for culture. The filler is manure or humus, straw and earth. The bed can be made not high by immersing the filler deep into the ground. Under the top layer of the earth, organic matter will begin to overheat, releasing heat to the roots of cucumbers.

Cabbage

The culture is demanding on nitrogen. On the 10th day after transplanting, seedlings are fertilized with urea no more than 10 g/m 2 . After 22 days, add superphosphate dissolved in water at the rate of 15 g of the substance per 10 liters of water. The proportions are calculated for white cabbage. Top dressing of other varieties is performed with similar preparations. For cauliflower, double the dose.

Strawberry

With the onset of spring, the bushes are cleared of hatched weeds and insulating shelter from foliage or sawdust. The soil is loosened, and mulched with peat on top. The first feeding is carried out with a nitrogen-containing solution. It is possible to scatter saltpeter granules under the bushes before mulching. After the appearance of the first leaves of the plantation, they are poured with mineral-organic solutions. The taste of berries is enhanced by potassium-containing preparations.

Currant

If initially the pit was well fertilized, then the first feeding of the shrub is required in the second year. Currants respond well to nitrogen-containing fertilizers and organic matter. An adult bush needs 15 kg of humus in the spring. If the choice fell on organic matter, then mineral nitrogen-containing substances are not added.

Raspberry

The most demanding and capricious shrub for feeding. fertilize raspberries better humus or compost. The earth is loosened for better penetration of moisture and oxygen to the roots. From above, the soil is mulched with peat. Surface top dressing is carried out by spraying with solutions containing bromine with zinc.

Fruit trees

In early March, when the buds have not yet swelled on the trees, superphosphate is scattered around the trunks, mixing it with the ground. Early dates due to the properties of phosphorus. The substance must be in the ground for a long time to become a useful fertilizer for a fruit tree. After warming up the soil, apply wood ash with humus. By the end of May, the trees are fertilized with potassium, which improves the taste of the fruit.

What not to apply in the spring

Not all fertilizers can be used in the spring on your site. First of all, it is worth abandoning fresh manure, if we are not talking about warm garden for cucumbers. Plants from such organic matter will receive a minimum of nutrients, and an overabundance will even harm them.

An additional problem will bring weed grass seeds preserved in manure. In the garden, grains will germinate quickly. Weeds will kill cultivated plants, plus they will take away nutrients from the soil.

Saltpeter may fall under the second ban. Fertilizer promotes the formation of an alkaline environment. For soil with a large amount of salt impurities, this effect is unacceptable.

The third preparation, which should be abandoned in the spring, is an expired factory-made complex fertilizer. The substance will not cause much harm. Just fertilizer will be inactive and the plant will not benefit from it.

With the acquisition of experience, gardeners independently make up a diet for their crops, and also give helpful tips beginner farmers:

• For spring top dressing, it is optimal to use complex preparations with a maximum nitrogen content. Since the granules take longer to dissolve, they are applied in mid-March. Nutrient solutions are watered at the end of April.
• When feeding trees, fertilizer is applied with a small indent from the trunk and in a circle. So it is more likely that the substance will penetrate to the root system.
• You can make compost and mulch the soil annually. There will be no harm from this. It is advisable to use manure to fertilize the land 1 time in 2 years. The introduced organic matter cannot be buried deeper than the bayonet of a shovel.

When choosing store fertilizers, preference is given to granular complex preparations. They dissolve in doses, which allows the plant to receive nutrients for a long time.

Conclusion

Any fertilizer is good for a plant or tree if used wisely. A properly formulated nutritious diet will affect a good harvest in the fall. If you overdo it with top dressing, then thick tops with large leaves will grow instead of fruits.

Many gardeners believe that manure is the best fertilizer, and growing a good crop without it is a whole problem. However, it is not. There is a huge amount of fertilizers in their properties that are not inferior to manure.

Digging the beds before winter with the introduction of all kinds of fertilizers into them can significantly save time in spring and summer, because in this case there is practically no need to fertilize crops in warm seasons. Manure is the fertilizer that gardeners use most often, as it is great for most crops, but it can be replaced with other top dressings.

To determine what fertilizer is best to apply to the garden, you need to know what crops will be planted on it. It is known that most plants need potassium, calcium, nitrogen and phosphorus for normal development, however, there are such representatives of the flora that stop growing without a sufficient amount of elements such as iron, boron, copper, manganese, magnesium, etc.

So, if you want to dig up the beds in the fall with the application of mineral fertilizers, then it is better to take sparingly soluble top dressings as these same fertilizers. In this case, there will be no doubt that they will begin to act no earlier than the snow melts. For beds for vegetable crops, it is better to take fertilizers containing superphosphate (with fluff) and potassium chloride. As for trees and shrubs, some complex fertilizer can be scattered around them, of course, first loosening the soil around the plants at a distance of a meter and a half from their trunks. There should be no problems with the purchase of funds, because most hardware stores offer many fertilizers of various brands.

As for organic fertilizers, in autumn the beds for vegetable crops can be dug up with the addition of egg shells, rotten straw (namely straw, not hay, otherwise the beds will be overgrown with weeds in the spring), leaves, compost, ash, sand, chicken manure. The above components can be mixed with each other or made separately. As for the amount of application of this or that fertilizer, it depends on the composition of the soil, its acidity, the plants that you are going to plant in the garden.

In early spring, before planting, many people have a question about how to fertilize earth for a better harvest. Fertilizers are organic, mineral and organomineral.

Instruction

Organic fertilizers are divided into two groups: plant residues and fertilizers of animal origin. Vegetables include: peat, composts. For animals: manure and droppings. When organic fertilizers are applied to the soil, its structure improves significantly. This contributes to the reproduction of living organisms, which are of great benefit, both for the soil itself and for plants. To date, it is recommended to make organic fertilizers using compost. It is very easy to prepare. Spread straw 15 centimeters thick over an area of ​​10 square meters. Then a layer of manure 20 centimeters. Then a layer of peat is also 15-20 centimeters. On top of this, sprinkle lime and phosphate rock, mixing them one by one. Pour 50-60 grams per square meter. From above, add another layer of manure 15-20 centimeters. Cover all this with a thin layer of earth. This compost must be aged for 7-8 months and only then it can be used. The advantages of organic fertilizer: the first - it increases the fertility of the soil, the second - improves its structure, the third - ensures the presence of living microorganisms. But there are also disadvantages. The first one is nutritional imbalance. The second - its concentration is still unknown. The third is the content of a large number of weed seeds. Fourth, the danger of contracting diseases is great. Fifth, organic matter inherently absorbs and attracts toxic substances. And the sixth is the most dangerous, these fertilizers absorb radionuclides.

Mineral fertilizers - chemical substances that require careful handling. They must be applied strictly according to the norm. Noble gardeners usually use the following: nitrogen, lime, manganese, potash and other fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers include: saltpeter, urea, ammonia and ammonia water. For good food Plants need an abundance of nitrogen in the soil. Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied to the soil twice a year. They are applied under fruit trees twice a year. The first half of the fertilizer is around the second half of April, and the second half in mid-November. The method of applying such fertilizers is the same in spring and in autumn. The fertilizer is spread by hand, after which the soil is cultivated. For best results, the ground must be moist. Potash fertilizers significantly increase yields. Potassium in the soil is mainly in forms that are difficult for plants to access, so the need for agriculture in such fertilizers is very high. Almost all of them contain chloride, sodium and magnesium ions, which affect plant growth. Bring in potash fertilizers recommended in autumn together with manure for the main tillage. Without phosphorus, the formation of chlorophyll and the assimilation of carbon dioxide by plants is impossible. The addition of phosphate fertilizers to the soil not only increases yields, but also improves the quality of products. These fertilizers need to be applied in the fall. First scatter them over the surface, then dig earth to a depth of twenty centimeters. Digging near trees should be parallel to the roots.

Organo-mineral fertilizers are humic fertilizers, which consist of organic substances and mineral compounds. Each drug has its own instructions for use. But there are basic ways to make. For open soil, this is the spraying method, and for closed soil, these are the methods of drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, surface irrigation, and manual foliar spraying. The basic consumption rate for seed treatment is 300-700 milliliters per ton of seeds. For foliar feeding - 200-400 milliliters of fertilizer per hectare of crops. For greenhouses - at drip irrigation 20-40 milliliters per thousand liters of irrigation water, and when spraying 5-10 milliliters of fertilizer per 10 liters of water.

As everyone has long known, nothing grows in empty land. If a garden If you don't fertilize, then you don't have to wait for the harvest. Plants grow weak and bear fruit poorly. When planting potatoes in the ground, which was not fertilized, you can collect one pea. The only exception is chernozem soil, and then it does not have all the nutrients, and with annual planting, their supply is inexorably reduced. Therefore, the soil must always be fertilized.

Instruction

The most popular type of fertilizer is manure. It contains a large number of nutrients and microorganisms that secrete carbon dioxide needed by plants for normal growth and nutrition. The soil fertilized with manure becomes looser, which additionally favorably affects the growth and development of plants. The best for fertilizer garden but it is considered horse dung and sheep. It contains the most potassium and nitrogen necessary for plants. If a sufficient amount of manure is applied to the site, then the nutrients will be supplied to the plants for 5-6 years. And everything would be fine, but manure is an expensive fertilizer, and it is very difficult to scatter it around the site, especially for a lonely elderly person. To spread manure personal plot male physical strength is required.

The second most popular type of fertilizer is humus. It is rotted manure and contains even more nutrients. The consumption of humus should be 4 times more than manure. After spreading over the site, the earth must immediately be plowed or dug.

Due to the high price of both the first and second fertilizer, gardeners and garden nicknames are arranged on the plots compost pits, where they dump all the weeded grass, vegetable peelings and everything that can rot and go next spring as a fertilizer. The pit is constantly watered with water and everything thrown into the pit is kept moist. In the spring, all the contents of the pit are scattered over garden y and close up in the soil.

At present, fertilizers are increasingly being used, which are not scattered throughout the site, but are purposefully applied to each hole of potatoes, under each bush of tomatoes or cabbage. This is a wide range of mineral fertilizers, which are presented in stores in a wide range.

Often garden nicks try to fertilize garden sawdust. There is little point to this. They help to improve the structure of the soil and retain moisture in it for a longer time. As a fertilizer, sawdust acts only in a rotted form. To do this, a pile of sawdust must be watered and covered with cellophane. You can scatter them as fertilizer only the next year.

Fertilizers have a beneficial effect on the soil and contribute to a good harvest. But it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of each fertilizer separately, so as not to harm. Fertilize potato possible in various ways.

Related articles:

• How to fertilize potatoes
• Crop rotation in the garden

Ownership question - 1 answer

Instruction

Ash. Especially valuable fertilizer containing all elements except nitrogen. It should be noted that this is an environmentally friendly fertilizer. store this species fertilizers in dry, enclosed spaces, as when in contact with moisture, the ash loses its properties. Ash is used in conjunction with nitrogen fertilizers, as it is more effective and beneficial for potatoes. Ash can be applied to the soil, both in spring and autumn.

Nitrogen fertilizers. Please note that due to its properties, nitrogen fertilizers are easily washed out of the soil, so this type of fertilizer is applied annually in the spring.

Phosphorus fertilizers. Due to the fact that phosphorus is slowly absorbed by plants, it is used (mixed with manure) 1 time in 2 years in the fall.

Manure. The most common and favorite way to fertilize the soil. It is more accessible and cheaper. It is recommended to fertilize the soil in the amount in which you harvested. For example, if you harvested 100 kg of potatoes, enough for next year fertilize with manure 100-130 kg. Of course, soil properties must also be taken into account, so some areas will require a little more fertilizer.

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Helpful advice

Clear the soil of weeds, otherwise most they will take fertilizer for themselves.

White cabbage is everyone's favorite healthy vegetable, few cultures can compare with it in terms of vitamin C content. It is great for salads, soups and canning. To get a good harvest of this wonderful crop in your area, you need to provide it with careful care. This culture responds especially well to top dressing.

Fertilizers at planting

To make the soil more suitable for this vegetable, it is necessary to add manure to it since autumn, because. This plant is very fond of organic fertilizers - this is perfect nutrition for cabbage. On acidic soils, lime or ash can be applied for digging, because. they reduce the acidity of the soil.

If the site for planting has not been prepared since autumn, then it is necessary to do this in the spring when preparing the beds. Compost is perfect for this purpose, and a small amount of it must be applied even if the land was fertilized with manure in the fall. Compost should be lightly sprinkled with earth. In addition, it is desirable to scatter potash and phosphorus fertilizers around the garden. The most optimal time for this can be considered a week before planting seedlings on permanent place. In addition, you can add nitrogen fertilizers, because. they are necessary precisely at an early stage of plant development.

Top dressing during the season

For early varieties of cabbage, three top dressings per season are enough, later ones will have to be fertilized four times. An early-ripening vegetable is fed every three weeks, and late-ripening - less often, the latest procedure should be done no later than the end of August.

At the beginning of the season, it is good to fertilize the cabbage with a fermented infusion of grass or manure, it is also perfect for this. chicken manure. In the last stages of the growing season, nitrogen fertilizers should be used very carefully. The reason for this is that nitrogen contributes to the accumulation of nitrates in vegetables, therefore, the closer the harvest time, the less nitrogen can be applied to the crop.

Finish fertilizing cabbage with a double dose of phosphorus and potassium, while the nitrogen content should be reduced by half. Also, in addition to accumulating harmful substances, fermented infusion of grass and manure, used for top dressing on later dates, can provoke cracking of heads of cabbage. Such vegetables cannot be stored for a long time.

The abundance of phosphorus in the soil must be monitored throughout the season. With its lack, the tips of the leaves begin to dry out, and bubbles appear on the leaves themselves. With a lack of potassium, brown bubbles appear on the leaf plates. In the early stages, nitrogen deficiency shows up as pale leaves and stunted plant development. The lack of top dressing during this period can lead to the drying of cabbage.
Subject to the rules for fertilizing, you can get an excellent crop of cabbage. The main fertilizers for her are manure, potassium and phosphorus - they must be used, given the stage of crop growth.

You will need

• - the soil;
• - mineral fertilizers;
• - organic fertilizers;
• - lime;
• - shovel.

Instruction

Add clay if you have sandy soil. Add river sand if clayey. This must be done so that nutrients do not go deep into the earth and are not washed out by rains. Another rule that must be followed is the observance of crop rotation. It is extremely important that representatives of the same family do not grow in the garden for two years in a row. By and large, they can be returned to their place only after 3-4 years. Exceptions are perennials. First, it will prevent possible diseases(for example, kilu - in cruciferous). Second, protect soil from nutritional deficiencies. After all, the same crops, along with high yields, endure the same microelements.

Make it a rule to prepare the soil in autumn. Start it by cleaning up all the plant residues of the current year. Treat with Intavir or other substance from harmful insects. The basic preparation of the beds depends on the culture that will grow in this place. For example, for root crops soil it is necessary to fertilize in the fall with double superphosphate, adding 4-5 g of the substance per 1 sq.m. beds. For these garden crops, it is better to apply organic fertilizers in the fall. It can be fresh manure - pure or mixed with straw, as an option - compost soil.

Produce soil. Lime is a good fertilizer if your land has elevated level pH. In this case, carrying out autumn liming once every 4-5 years, it is possible to achieve a significant increase in yields. The following year, after making lime, it is appropriate to plant cruciferous plants - radishes, turnips, radishes, all types of cabbage. At the same time, organic matter is not recommended. This will reduce the benefit of both fertilizers. In this case, manure and humus are brought directly under planting.

Introduce rotted manure along with spring digging if you are going to grow leafy vegetables: lettuce, dill, parsley, cilantro, etc. Cucumbers, pumpkins and zucchini are also responsive to spring organic soil fertilization. For these crops, along with manure, a preplant application of nitrogenous fertilizers, such as urea, can be advised. Around the middle of June, the entire garden can be fed with potash, they have a good effect on the growth of vegetable crops and their resistance to diseases.

For many, it may be a "discovery" that agronomy is an exact science that allows you to calculate the expected yield. Forecasts are made for each crop separately, taking into account the actual amount of fertilizer in the soil, data on fertilizer application per centner of production, plant species and variety, percentage of humus and temperature conditions development in different phases for each climatic zone. With the help of such calculations, you can achieve maximum results with minimal financial costs.

In addition, precise rationing of applied fertilizers eliminates the appearance of nitrates in plants - substances that are very harmful to the human body. And the last. Improper application of mineral fertilizers can significantly reduce the natural fertility of the soil and worsen its structure, and this is very important characteristics any household plot.

In the spring, it is desirable to make a full range of fertilizers. Why?

1. You can more accurately calculate the dose for each individual culture. The predecessors are taken into account.
2. The amount of fertilizer is greatly reduced. The fact is that after the autumn application by spring, approximately 80% of the initial amount of active substances remains in the soil. This figure is not universal, some minerals (nitrogen) are very quickly washed out of the soil, while others tend to accumulate in it (potassium). If applied in autumn, the dose should be increased taking into account these factors.

An exception to this rule should be made for organic fertilizer (except for compost). The fresh organic matter brought in in the spring will not have time to rot and will not be fully absorbed by the plants. This, of course, does not matter, organics will remain for the next year, but labor costs increase.

Important note. It is never a good idea to apply fresh cattle manure, this not only gives the plants a minimum of nutrients, but also brings big problems for growers. In fresh manure, more than 90% of weed seeds retain their germination capacity. If you apply such fertilizers in the spring, then mass sowing of weeds is done at the same time, it is very difficult to deal with them later.

All organic matter must be composted (composted) subject to special regimes. If these are ordinary leaves and waste from the beds, then it is enough for them to make special containers. Cattle manure should be stored in large piles for at least two years. During this time, weed seeds that have fallen into manure from grass or hay will lose their germination capacity.

When to Fertilize in the Spring

The question worries many summer residents, and not only them. In total, there are three periods of fertilization in the spring, each of them has its own characteristics.

In any case, you need to remember the main rule - fertilizers must be applied fractionally as the plants develop, at least three times during the growing season and maturation. You should never try to give the entire dose at once, except for harm, this will not bring anything. When, how much and what kind of fertilizer to apply depends on specific type plants, expected harvest. In addition, you should consider which part of the plant is used for food: roots, stems and leaves or fruits. This is a separate and complex topic, it needs to be discussed in a separate article.

Mineral fertilizers for spring application

First, a few words must be said about distinguishing features various types of mineral fertilizers, so it will be easier to navigate with the timing. All mineral nutrients are divided into three groups according to the characteristics of their influence on plant development:

• nitrogen. Significantly increases the green mass of plants. Therefore, an increased dose should be for salads, cabbages, etc.;
• phosphorus. Increases the number and weight of fruits. It is required to increase the dose for all grains, strawberries, peas, etc.;
• potassium. Improves the development of the root system. Application rates increase for root crops: carrots, beets, potatoes, etc.

Of course, the action of fertilizers is much more complicated, but it is in these areas that the maximum return is noted. It must be remembered that there can be no fruit harvest without roots and leaves, plants require nourishment with all substances. For such purposes, complex fertilizers (liquid or granular) are produced. Before applying, you need to carefully study the percentage composition of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus, determine the required indicators, and only then buy and apply. For amateur gardeners, many manufacturers on the packaging immediately indicate the names of crops under which it is recommended to apply one or another complex fertilizer and an approximate dose.

As for quantity, there are no general advice does not exist in all cases. Experienced gardeners do soil analysis every two or three years for the state of residual minerals (they are always present in the soil in one amount or another) and the percentage of humus. Next, the amount is calculated for each type of fertilizer necessary for the normal development of plants, and the missing dose is determined. In most cases, it is sufficient to apply 200-400 g per 10 m2 of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen, the specific ratio of fertilizers depends on the crops grown and the natural fertility of the soil.

Fertilization

In the spring, during germination, it is first necessary to ensure the maximum development of the root system; for this, fertilizers containing a lot of potassium are applied to the soil. Further, to accelerate the development of green mass, plants should be fed with nitrogen and phosphorus is added during fruit ripening.

Important. Plants respond differently to each type of fertilizer. If the dose of potassium is not particularly necessary to monitor (plants will never consume too much), then nitrogen must be handled very carefully (nitrogen is not controlled by the amount of use by plants, the leaves become dark green, very large and unusable). Agronomists strongly recommend keeping a journal in which to make notes about the timing of fertilizer application, their name and quantity. In addition, a specific site should be indicated, which plants were grown on it and how much was harvested. To compile and control crop rotation, you need to have a separate notebook.

Complex mineral fertilizers

In the spring, you can make a full set complex fertilizers. Their use has a number of advantages over ordinary ones.

1. It is possible to choose the percentage composition of nutrients, taking into account the organic needs of each crop.
2. The frequency of application of fertilizers is significantly reduced, plant care is facilitated, and their productivity increases.

Depending on the type, they are used for incorporation into the soil before preparation or as top dressing during the growing season.

trace elements

They improve the health of plants, reduce the likelihood of contracting viral and bacterial diseases, improve their resistance to adverse growing conditions. Apply in early spring during seedbed preparation soil. Doses must be carefully calculated independently or follow the recommendations of manufacturers. It is advisable to do before entering chemical analysis soil. Exceeding the recommended amount of trace elements can cause inhibition of plant growth.

Organic fertilizers for spring application

As mentioned above, fresh manure from animals that eat grass or hay should not be introduced in spring. Organic fertilizers have one very important advantage over inorganic fertilizers - they not only serve as excellent plant nutrition, but at the same time significantly improve the mechanical structure of heavy soils and increase the amount of natural humus. Humus - bacteria that take an active part in the assimilation of minerals by plants.

1. Humus. It is recommended to apply before the direct preparation of the soil for spring sowing, it needs immediate soil closure. Otherwise, most organic compounds will quickly evaporate.

   

   Humus

2. It is brought in in the same terms and on the same technology, as well as manure. But with this fertilizer you should be very careful. Some unscrupulous producers sell peat with hyperacidity. Its introduction not only reduces productivity, but also causes significant damage to the soil. Subsequently, they will have to be deoxidized, and these are additional losses of time and financial resources.

   

3. A very aggressive fertilizer, if the dose is exceeded, it can significantly damage plants. Litter must be diluted with water before application. It is advisable to water the plants in the spring after planting and during the next feeding.

   

4. . It is made from various organic waste, including food. It is introduced during pre-sowing soil preparation with simultaneous incorporation. A very valuable fertilizer of universal use, but only if prepared with unconditional observance of agricultural technology.

   

5. The quantity can not be regulated, it is not washed out of the soil, plants use only right amount nutrients. Disadvantages - difficulties during spring application, work should only be done in calm weather. Experienced gardeners recommend sprinkling spring snow with ashes - the soil under the beds warms up much faster.

   

6. . In our country, there is still an unusual fertilizer, one of the most effective and environmentally friendly. Worms are brought into the ground in spring when it warms up to +12 at a depth of 10–15 cm. Work should be done carefully, the top layer can be exposed pre-sowing treatment a few days after the introduction of worms. The disadvantage is that highly productive heat-loving worms are used for breeding, most of them die in winter. If agricultural technology is followed correctly, then worms will live in ordinary land, however, their number is not enough to noticeably increase productivity.

   

7. They are widely used among flower growers and gardeners. The preparations contain microorganisms that improve the absorption of minerals from the soil. This is the same humus, only in a concentrated state. Apply in the spring at the time of sowing different cultures, soils should be warmed up to optimum temperatures. Some bacteria convert forms of mineral substances inaccessible to plants into accessible ones, and some accumulate nitrogen from the air and fix it on the root system of plants.

   

8. It is made from organic sediments of water bodies, it can be applied as before spring training soil and during sowing. Be sure to cover with earth.

   

Using the information provided, it will be possible to more consciously choose the time, method, name and amount of fertilizers for application in the spring.

Video - Strawberry Fertilizer