Do-it-yourself water well: manual drilling technologies.

Any estate, no matter whether it is a summer residence or private house, water supply is required. Without water, it is impossible to grow any fruitful crops or flower beds. Despite the apparent scale of the process, it is quite possible to drill water wells manually without resorting to heavy drilling equipment. Consider how to pierce a well with your own hands, because there are several fairly simple drilling methods that do not require expensive equipment and titanic efforts.

Before considering the methods of drilling wells for water, it is necessary to understand what varieties they can be. Water can be obtained using different technologies. The main types of wells producing water:

1. If you have a good spring, you can equip an excellent well, which will quickly fill up, being a good reservoir that can hold up to 2 m3 of life-giving moisture. The depth reaches 12 meters. It is worth noting that over this border, such a phenomenon as a “perch water” is quite common - an aquifer with a rather high level of pollution that comes from the soil surface. Drinking water from this layer is highly discouraged.
2. Filter well for sand, which is a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm, with the help of an auger immersed to a depth of 20-30 meters. At the end of the pipe, which is buried, a stainless steel mesh is fixed, which plays the role of a filter immersed in coarse sand. The depth of the well is 10-15 meters, the service life is from 5 to 15 years.
3. Filterless artesian well, its principle of operation is that it extracts water from layers of porous limestone. An artesian well can be drilled to a depth of 20-100 meters, the service life reaches 50 years.

The exact depth of the water well cannot be determined in advance. Approximately, the depth will have the same dimensions as in similar wells drilled in neighboring areas or a well located nearby. Small deviations are possible due to uneven occurrence of soil layers. Casing pipes are recommended to be purchased, taking into account the parameters of nearby water supply sources, but at the same time making a slight adjustment.

Abyssinian well drilling technology

The Abyssinian well is a rather simple type of well in arrangement, which can be punched manually without the use of special tools, while the principle of its operation is also very accessible. A well-needle is a type of water intake, which can be equipped even without work experience and the purchase of materials in just a day. This is the most simple design wells for water.

Would need:

1. Metal thick-walled pipes. The diameter is taken based on what diameter and type of pump is planned to be used. The total length is equal to the depth of the face.
2. For the filter winding, a metal or PVC mesh is needed.
3. Drill and drills with a diameter of 5-7 mm.
4. Welding machine, if it is planned to connect pipes by welding, or dies and taps for threading. Or you can purchase pipes with a ready-made threaded connection.

It must be taken into account that Bottom part casing is a drill, and before starting work, a filter must be installed on the lower end of the pipe above the tip. The length of the filtering part can reach 75-85 cm. Holes with a diameter of 8 mm are drilled around the entire circumference of the pipe at an angle of 45o, arranged in a checkerboard pattern.

The top of the perforated pipe is wrapped with a fine-mesh steel net or plastic mesh. The grid must be fixed on the pipe with any convenient way: clamps, steel wire, which must be soldered to the grid and pipe. The stages of filter formation by a projectile pass through the first meter of soil, as in the diagram.

With help building level the verticality of entry into the ground is checked: the slightest deviation at the beginning manual drilling wells lead to the fact that in the subsequent stages of work, in particular, the impossibility of installing parts of the casing at depth. Everything will have to be redone.

The Abyssinian well can be plugged using manual hydraulic drilling or, to speed up the process, can be automated. To do this, you need to connect the drill tip to the drill rod, which is connected to the electric motor. During operation, the rods are lengthened by attaching new parts of the casing.

Manual drilling of a well by rotary and auger methods

Most often, summer residents are interested in how to drill a well with their own hands, and not just a well. To carry out these works, you will need a drill, a drilling rig, a winch, rods and casing pipes. The drilling tower is needed for digging a deep well, with its help, the drill with rods is immersed and lifted. by the most simple method drilling a well for water is rotary, carried out by rotating the drill, as in the diagram.

Do-it-yourself hydraulic drilling of water wells in a rotary way. When drilling shallow wells, you can do without a derrick, and get the drill string manually. Drill rods are made from pipes, connecting them together with dowels or threads.

The bar, which will be below all, is additionally equipped with a drill. The cutting nozzles are made of sheet 3 mm steel. When sharpening the cutting edges of the nozzle, it must be taken into account that at the moment of rotation of the drill mechanism, they must cut into the soil in a clockwise direction.

The tower is mounted above the drilling site, it must be higher than the drill rod in order to facilitate the extraction of the rod during lifting. After that, a guide hole is dug for the drill, about two spade bayonets deep. The first turns of rotation of the drill can be done independently, but with a greater immersion of the pipe, additional forces will be required. If the drill cannot be pulled out the first time, you need to turn it counterclockwise and try to pull it out again.

The deeper the drill goes, the more difficult the movement of the pipes. To facilitate this task, the soil must be softened by pouring water. When moving the drill down every 50 cm, the drilling structure must be taken out to the surface and cleaned from the soil. The drilling cycle is repeated anew. At the moment the tool handle reaches the ground level, the structure is increased with an additional knee.

As the drill goes deeper, the rotation of the pipe becomes more difficult. Softening the soil with water will help facilitate the work. In the course of moving the drill down every half meter, the drilling structure should be brought to the surface and freed from the soil. The drilling cycle is repeated again. At the stage when the tool handle is level with the ground, the structure is built up with an additional knee.

Since lifting and cleaning the drill takes away most time, you need to make the most of the design possibilities, capturing and lifting up as much of the soil as possible. This is the principle of operation of this installation.

Drilling continues until an aquifer is reached, which is easily determined by the condition of the excavated land. Having passed the aquifer, the drill should be immersed a little deeper until it reaches a layer that is located below the aquifer, waterproof. Reaching this layer will make it possible to ensure the maximum inflow of water into the well.

It is worth noting that manual drilling can only be used to dive to the nearest aquifer, usually it lies at a depth not exceeding 10-20 meters.

In order to pump out dirty liquid, you can use hand pump or submersible pump. After two or three buckets are pumped out dirty water the aquifer is usually cleared and clean water appears. If this does not happen, the well needs to be deepened by about another 1-2 meters.

How to drill a well in the country with an auger? For drilling, an auger rig is often used. Working part this setup is very similar to garden drill, only much more powerful. It is made from a 100 mm pipe with a pair of screw turns welded onto it having a diameter of 200 mm. In order to make one such turn, you need a round sheet blank with a hole cut in its center, the diameter of which is slightly more than 100 mm.

Then, a cut is made at the workpiece along the radius, after which, at the place of the cut, the edges are parted in two different directions that are perpendicular to the plane of the workpiece. As the drill sinks deeper, the rod on which it is attached is increased. The tool is rotated by hand with a long handle made of pipe.

The drill must be removed approximately every 50-70 cm, and due to the fact that the more it goes deep, it will become heavier, so you will need to install a tripod with a winch. Thus, it is possible to drill a well for water in a private house a little deeper than the above methods.

You can also use the manual drilling method, which is based on the use of a conventional drill and a hydraulic pump:

Features of percussion drilling technology

The essence of this method is to break the rock with the help of a driving glass - a heavy tool that falls from the height of a specially equipped tower. In order to do the job, you will need a homemade drilling rig, in addition to tools for using the shock-rope method and extracting soil from the well. This technology is used for work on light or clay soil.

A well tower looks like a regular tripod and can be made from steel pipes or simple wooden logs. The dimensions of the structure must be proportional to the dimensions of the downhole tool. The optimal ratio of dimensions is the height of the tower, which is one and a half meters more than the length of the downhole glass.

The working process consists in alternately lowering the driving glass that breaks and captures the rock, after which it raises the captured blade to the surface. In order to equip such a drilling rig, you can use steel pipe the end of which is equipped cutting device. cutting edge, outwardly resembling a half turn of the auger, will be in direct contact with the bottom.

At 50 cm from the edge in the steel pipe, it is necessary to make a hole through which the mined soil can be extracted, thus emptying the drill glass. On the upper part a cable is attached to the glass, which helps to lower the glass and extract its contents to the surface. The glass is recommended to be freed from the soil according to the degree of deepening of the structure for every 50 cm.

Step-by-step instructions for drilling a well at the site

Before starting work on the summer cottage, it is recommended to ask the neighbors what the level of water occurrence in your district is, after which you can drill a well on the site. If there are wells nearby, look into them. If the water level is above 5 meters good sign, since in this case, only a garden drill and an approximate layout of the water source will be required from the drilling tools.

A small-sized drilling rig or a mechanical drilling device - a "handbrake" can be rented. Thus, you will have the opportunity to use convenient equipment without overpaying an extra amount to get water on the site.

Let's describe general instruction relative to how to make a water well with your own hands in the country:

1. In the ground, it is necessary to make a square recess with dimensions of 1.5 × 1.5 m and a depth of 1 to 2 meters, this will be the so-called pit. It is needed in order to prevent shedding of the loose soil surface into the well. From the inside, the pit must be sheathed with boards or plywood, and a boardwalk is laid on top of it for ease of installation.
2. After the installation is assembled, two coaxial holes are cut out in the upper and lower floors of the pit, after which drilling begins.
3. The drill rod rotates manually or with the help of a gear motor. At the same time, a bodice is put on the bar, on which one of the workers will strike with a hammer. Another option: the drill is lifted with a winch and dropped in the same way as it is done with shock-rope drilling. If necessary, water or drilling fluid is supplied to the rod.
4. In parallel with drilling, a casing pipe with a special shoe installed from below is mounted in the well. It is also gradually built up, like the drill rod.
5. After quicksand (soil with high humidity), drilling accelerates (due to the beginning of the aquifer), and then slows down again. This is a sign that the drill has reached the water-resistant layer and drilling can be completed.
6. It is necessary to lower the filter column into the well, after which it can be washed with strong water pressure.
7. To be lowered into the well submersible pump for pumping water until it is crystal clear.

At the last stage of arranging the well in the country house with their own hands, a caisson is installed, all cavities must be filled with a sand-gravel mixture, and a pipeline is laid to the house in a trench. In this case, it is highly recommended not to lower the water pipe to the very bottom. It should not reach the extreme point of about 50 cm, thus, it will be provided best move water up.

The pipe that leads to the well must be provided with ventilation holes, otherwise, without air, the water will quickly dry out and it will become impractical to extract it for most needs. For permanent access to the well, a hinged cover can be equipped on the pipe.

Tip: After the well, made by hand, was put into operation, be sure to give the water obtained from it for examination. Water can be considered drinking water if it has the following characteristics: transparency of at least 30 cm, nitrate content - no more than 10 mg / l, 1 liter contains no more than 10 Escherichia coli, maximum odor and taste score - 3 points.

Do piping need to be installed?

After you have managed to break through a well for water, it is necessary to equip additional casing, which can be made from either a single asbestos-cement pipe or individual cuts of asbestos pipes.

While working with cuts Special attention it is necessary to give an equal diameter of the pipes in order to ensure further unhindered immersion of the entire structure. Each pipe link is kept from slipping and secured with staples, which are then hidden under the stainless steel strips.

Pipe lining is needed:

• to prevent shedding of walls during drilling;
• to prevent clogging of the well during operation;
• to seal the upper aquifers with bad water.

A pipe equipped with a filter is lowered to the bottom of the well, which is made of a fine mesh that does not allow grains of sand to pass through and provides water filtration. The pipe is lowered to the desired depth and secured with a clamp. This will prevent spontaneous subsidence. With proper arrangement of a well for water, the ground part is equipped with a caisson - a head that protects the source from pollution.

Over time, a slight "squeezing" of the pipe out of the ground may occur. This is natural process spontaneous lifting of the pipe to the surface of the soil, and does not require additional measures for deepening.

How to avoid mistakes when drilling?

The lack of experience among self-taught drillers is most often seen in the following:

1. The drill is lowered too deep, because of which the casing pipe crosses the aquifer. Solution: raise the casing or insert another shorter one into it, after which the previously installed pipe must be removed.
2. The casing pipe did not reach the required depth, due to which the soil collapsed below and the well productivity immediately fell. Solution: it is necessary to remove the soil with a bailer, then immerse the pipe to the desired depth.
3. The pump was mounted too low, causing the well to become clogged with sand. Solution: the pump must be removed and, using the bailer, select the sand, install it correctly. The correct position is determined in the following way: the operating pump is lowered gradually until sand is found in the water it pumps out. After that, the pump is slightly raised until it starts to pump clean water. As a rule, the correct position of the pump is 1-2 meters from the bottom.

It is not difficult to drill a well on a site with your own hands, but making it last as long as possible is not an easy task. Timely cleaning is necessary for wells of all types. Signs that the well needs service can be: the presence of air plugs in the flow, jerks in the water outlet, the presence of various impurities in the water (sand, silt).

If you miss the moment when maintenance is needed, the productivity of the well may no longer be restored. In order to restore the normal functioning of the well, a purge is carried out with a water or air compressor. Most radical methods well cleaning - using electricity or acid. However, these methods are quite risky and it is better to entrust their implementation to specialists.

Thanks to the well, you can get access to water in places where access to communication lines is very limited. At the same time, the manufacturing process of such a design is rather tedious and requires certain equipment.
However, there is also manual drilling of wells, which makes it possible to achieve the desired result without resorting to the help of special equipment.

step by step process
To begin with, it must be said that this species works is designed for the fact that the level of occurrence of the aquifer is located no deeper than 15 meters. At the same time, manual drilling of a well is best combined with an Abyssinian well, or as it is also called a “needle”. The point is that this is the optimal design for this process and it doesn't require special efforts or special equipment.
Preparatory work
*First you need to purchase or rent manual drilling rigs for drilling wells. They have different type and method of application, but the main task of such devices is to make holes of a certain depth in the ground.
* It must be said that the chosen type of construction is quite satisfied with the initial three-meter well. However, to facilitate the work, the masters try to increase this distance to the maximum possible. Namely, to the depth that allows you to make the equipment.
* Further, the installation instructions recommend preparing special needles. They are made from a pipe, at the end of which a kind of pin is fixed so that the structure easily enters the ground.
* A little higher than the needle in the pipe, several holes are made through which water will flow. Some masters in this field advise to have a wire filter for the well, although quite often they simply do not install it.
Advice!
Professional craftsmen do not recommend using thin-walled pipes, as they will not only serve as a water supply system, but also as a casing string.
Mounting
*First of all, it must be said that the water from the well is the property of the state, since it belongs to the category of minerals. That is why you must first complete all the relevant documents and obtain a license.
*After all the formalities are settled, you can take hand drill to drill wells and get to work.
*Professional craftsmen advise choosing such a drill so that its diameter is slightly smaller than that of the pipe. So the design will fit tightly into the soil and securely fix in it.
* It is believed that a depth of 3 meters is sufficient to produce such a well. However, if the work is done by hand, then it is worth using the drill as much as possible. That is why professionals make a hole to the depth that their equipment allows.
*At the next stage, a pipe is inserted into the well sharp end down. After that, she is beaten.
* If the length of the needle did not allow reaching the aquifer, then it is increased and also deepened into the soil as much as possible.
*For this work, a special impact tool is used that will not damage the threads at the end of the pipe. However, it is worth mentioning that there is a drill for drilling a well manually, already equipped with the necessary mechanism for clogging.
* Immerse the needle into the ground until it enters the aquifer. After that, a water pump is installed on top. It should be mentioned that such a system can work perfectly with a hand pump.
*The fact is that the price of such a device may be slightly higher than the cost of the pump, but it does not need electrical energy and is highly reliable.
*Special attention deserves the fact that a huge number of various devices and devices were invented for the manual production of wells. All of them differ in their design and require a certain application of forces. That is why the choice of the appropriate system should be approached from the calculations of the technical conditions of a particular area and the estimated length of the well.
Advice!
If there is an opportunity to use the technique, then it is worth using it.
It is quite possible to create a well manually, which will have a depth of no more than 15 meters. For other water supply systems, the use of specialized equipment is recommended.

Not all owners of suburban areas are ready to lay out large sums to attract drillers to construct a water well. However, the convenience of using your own water intake is difficult to overestimate. You can save money by building a water source with my own hands. How to make it?

You will learn everything about how manual drilling of wells for water is carried out from the article we have proposed. We will tell you how and how the work is done, what novice drillers will need to implement the idea. Based on our recommendations, you will be able to drill and equip the development without any problems.

For independent craftsmen we have given and analyzed all the methods of manual drilling, explained in what cases they should be used. We attached schemes of drilling rigs and shells available for self-production, posted photo collections and video instructions.

Own source of water is a great opportunity to provide yourself and your loved ones with clean life-giving water and satisfy household needs. By drilling, it is possible to solve the problem of water supply for several decades to come.

The choice of drilling method and the scope of work on well construction depends on the type of hydraulic structure.

Abyssinian type well

If the water on the site is supposedly located at a depth of 10-15 meters, then it is more profitable and easier to arrange abyssinian well. This type of hydraulic structure uses an aquifer located above a water-impermeable clay formation. The aquifer is fed by infiltration of atmospheric precipitation and waters of nearby reservoirs.

A simple well-needle can be drilled even by a novice craftsman who is just mastering basic drilling skills

A relatively shallow narrow well is a column of thick-walled pipes VGP with a diameter of 50 - 80 mm. In the lower, very first link of the column, a special filter is arranged by drilling holes from the walls of the pipe.

The pipes perform the function of the trunk; the Abyssinian needle well does not require additional casing. It is not drilled, but immersed in the ground by driving.

Features of sand wells

With a depth of the aquifer of up to 30 - 40 meters, common in loose, incoherent deposits, they construct a sandy one. It is called so because it extracts water from water-saturated sands.

The fifty-meter depth of the source is not able to guarantee crystal clear water, and therefore the contents of the well should be checked in the laboratory for the presence of chemical compounds

The aquifer of the well on the sand is located only three to four dozen meters from the surface. And in order to reach it, one does not have to go through hard - rocky and semi-rocky rocks. Therefore, it will not be difficult to manually drill a sand well if you apply one of the methods described below.

Deep artesian well

But when planning to drill an artesian well, you can’t do it on your own. artesian water distributed along cracks in impermeable rocky and semi-rocky rocks at a depth of about 40-200 meters.

The task of drilling a well for limestone can only be handled by professionals who own necessary knowledge and having at their disposal special equipment for drilling

To determine the depth of water, they should be guided by the data of hydraulic structures of this kind, drilled not far from the upcoming work site.

Since an artesian well is capable of providing several sections with water at once, it is convenient to order drilling services in a pool. This will significantly save on drilling and arranging a water supply source.

Methods of self-drilling

In order to choose the best one for you personally, you must first study their specifics and understand what tool you need, whether it will be possible to drill with your own hands.

Manual screw method

Drilling with auger is one of the most common and affordable methods. It is effective in the construction of wells, the depth of which does not exceed 40 m.

The auger is a helical rod equipped with a drill bit and angled steel blades.

The essence of the method lies in the fact that the auger, like a corkscrew, is screwed into the ground. As it penetrates into the soil, the helical rod destroys the layers, and its metal blades bring the worked-out earth to the surface.

There are two types of augers used for manual drilling of wells:

• Rods, cutting blades to which are welded at a right angle.
• Structures, the blades to which are welded at an angle of 30-60 °.

In work, the designs of the second version are more convenient. Due to the arrangement of the blades at an angle, the crushed soil does not fall into the well, but is completely extracted to the surface.

To facilitate manual labor and speed up the process, small-sized screw installations can be used.

This technique is especially effective if the work is to be done with complex soils, which include rock inclusions.

Small-sized auger installations work on the same principle as a hand drill, but are driven by an electric motor.

You can generally drill a shallow well to take water for watering the garden using a garden drill. True, for casing the walls, pipes will be required, from which the shaft is assembled, and metal pipes-rods required for building.

Core drilling is performed using a special tool in the form of a pipe equipped with a crown. The specificity of drilling and the diameter of the pipe, which does not exceed 160 mm, allows you to work quickly enough. During the day of work, depending on the density of the rock, you can walk up to several tens of meters.

With the help of the mount located in the upper part of the core barrel, one and a half meter rods are built up as the tool is deepened. The build-up is carried out in stages, forming a technological column from a projectile with rods.

The crown is made of durable metal. The edges of the crown are sharpened so that its incisors can easily cope with dense rocks. The shape and size of the crowns used is determined by the physical and mechanical characteristics of the rock.

As the pipe rotates, equipped with a crown, it penetrates into the rock and forms a hole for a well of the corresponding diameter.

Dealing with the superhard rocks, before plunging the pipe, first use a chisel. Then, with the help of a crown, a well is drilled, and the cuttings that have clogged into the core barrel are raised to the surface.

With force descending to the drilling site, the tool breaks the rock, and the cutting bailer located in the lower part captures the cuttings and brings them to the surface

The glass is released from the soil captured by it through its bottom, tapping the walls of the projectile with a sledgehammer. The bailer is cleaned through a technological hole located in its upper part.

The work is performed in the following sequence:

1. In the selected place, they dig a hole measuring 1x1 meter at a depth of 0.5 meters.
2. A garden drill is installed in the center of the pit at a right angle. By turning the tool around its axis, it is buried in the ground. As necessary, the screw rod is extended with a pipe, fixing it by means of a bolted connection.
3. After the appearance of wet sand, the drill is removed. Instead, they are specially installed in the hole assembled structure from casing pipes, which are hammered with a sledgehammer.
4. The rock collapsed during the installation of the casing is removed with a bailer. Each time the projectile penetrates into the rock formation, it captures and holds part of it.
5. As the casing pipe deepens, it is increased by another segment of the same diameter. The segments are screwed together or welded together in order to obtain a single sealed shaft.
6. To deepen the casing, gently turn it and listen to the sounds made. The rattle will occur during the friction of coarse-grained sand, rustling - fine-grained, silence - when passing through clay soil.
7. For drilling loose rocks, such as loose sand, gravel, gravel, a bailer is used. Clay rocks and dense sands pass through glass.
8. After performing a series of successive blows, the glass or bailer is raised to the surface, removing the soil from it. After that, the cycle of work is repeated.

As in the previous methods, to facilitate the process of manual drilling of a well, a clay mixture or water is poured into the hole, and then removed using a special bucket. If noise occurs during drilling, the well should be filled with water. If the water leaves slowly, the pipe should be further deepened by half a meter, but if it is fast, only by 20-30 cm.

For shallow working, you can easily. This will require a pipe with a diameter of 100-120 mm, a metal earring and an eye for attaching a cable, which must be attached to the top of the pipe.

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Impact-rotational method

The main difference of this method is that the drilling rig performs both percussion and rotational movements in parallel. This approach speeds up the drilling process. This method is especially effective if it is necessary to equip a hydraulic structure, if the geological section in the area is heterogeneous.

The percussion-rotation method also involves the use of a tripod, which makes it much easier to sink and then retrieve the drill to the surface.

Percussion-rotary and percussion-rope drilling methods are effective when drilling wells in loose soils, the particles of which are not interconnected. Both methods are suitable for drilling and extraction clay soils: sandy loam, loam.

When driving in loose rocks, due to the insufficient connection of soil particles with each other at the stage of well construction, the probability of shedding of its walls is high. Therefore, sand wells in without fail are equipped with casing and filters that prevent large inclusions from entering the extracted water.

Step-by-step auger drilling technology

Among all these methods, screw is considered to be the simplest. But it should be borne in mind that it is effective only when drilling loose and clayey soils.

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Preparing the necessary tools

Before drilling a well manually, it is necessary to prepare the tools:

• drill or small-sized screw installation.
• drilling rig with winch.
• set of 3-4 rods.
• casing.

If it is necessary to equip a well at a depth of more than 8 meters, to facilitate the immersion of the drill and its subsequent removal from the wellbore, the equipment is fixed on.

The drilling rig can be built from wooden beams or metal pipes, assembling a tripod-shaped structure from them

The size of the tripod should be proportional to the height of the drill string section. To create a structure, the bars are laid in the form of a triangle and fixed by means of a bolted or welding connection.

Holes are made in them for inserting a metal pipe, which will serve as a support. The dimensions of the base are determined only by the stability of the structure.

In the upper part of the structure, an additional hole is equipped through which the rod will pass.

To protect the wellbore from destruction and shedding of the walls, a casing string is installed from pipes that have a high bearing capacity to shear and compressive reservoir loads. For work, pipes made of metal, asbestos cement or polymers are used.

To create a casing, it is convenient to use pipes equipped with a threaded connection on the outer and inner surfaces.

When assembling the structure, segments of such elements can be easily screwed into each other without using additional assembly units.

Making a screw from improvised materials

The material for, in this case, a helical rod, can be a pipe d100mm. For this purpose, it is better to use stainless steel pipes with a wall thickness of at least 5 mm.

The upper part of the structure must have:

• on the upper end, a screw thread on the outside for connection with a rod;
• at the lower end - a screw screw with at least two turns.

To facilitate the process of scrolling the drill, a handle 1.5 meters long is welded to the upper cut of the pipe. The transition element between the handle and collapsible rods will be a tee equipped with an internal screw thread.

The cutting blades of the drill are made from strips sheet metal 2-2.5 mm thick, which are welded to the pipe at an equidistant distance

Rods with a length of 1.5 meters are made from a pipe of the same diameter:

• the first rod with an external screw thread at the lower end for attaching a drill;
• all subsequent rods with threads on both ends of the same size.

Couplings must have the same thread parameters. As it is necessary to build up the structure, they are simply screwed to the auger, having previously unscrewed the handle.

Some craftsmen use an ice drill as an auger. The tool knife in this case performs the function of the cutting blades of the auger. Extension rods are made separately.

In order to use the tool as a drill and be able to reach great depths with it, rods are made from pipes d25 mm for extension

Trying to improve the tool, some craftsmen additionally weld reinforced cutters to the factory edges of an impromptu screw.

Drilling

They dig a hole measuring 150x150 cm. It is necessary in order to ensure vertical stability installed pipe. So that the walls of the recess do not crumble, they are reinforced with board cuts or pieces of chipboard.

A drill is immersed in the recess and, holding the tool by the handle, they begin to gradually screw into the soil in a clockwise direction.

A drill is immersed in the recess and, holding the tool by the handle, they begin to gradually screw into the soil in a clockwise direction. This work is more convenient to do together: the first will scroll the handle of the tool, and the second will press on it from above.

After passing the first meter, they begin to form the trunk of the structure with a diameter of at least 12-15 cm. To do this, a casing pipe is lowered into the recess. The pipe diameter should be slightly over size drill blades. Further clogging of pipes is carried out in parallel with the deepening of the well.

After the drill is deepened by 1.5-2 meters, it will already be quite difficult to rotate the tool on its own. To facilitate the work will help the use of pipe wrenches and other gripping devices.

After passing every three to four meters, the screw rod should be removed to the surface, and its mouth should be cleaned from the ground.

When the moment comes that the drilling tool, when immersed, will go deep to its full height, it should be “built up”. To do this, to him through threaded connection or extensions of the "finger-rod" fix the barbell.

At this stage, it is important to ensure the strength of the connection of the elements. To simplify the task of determining the depth traveled, it is desirable to mark extended rods.

During the passage of the layers, they continue to form the casing string, not forgetting to check the verticality of the wellbore. Even minimal curvature can prevent free lowering of the casing. Therefore, if in the course of work the drill starts to beat against the walls of the casing, wooden wedges are hammered between the soil and the casing to correct the verticality of the wellbore.

Work continues until the soil delivered to the surface is wet. This will indicate that the aquifer is already close. To overcome the aquifer, it remains only to go a little deeper.

It is possible, but undesirable, to mount the casing string even after drilling is completed. After installing the casing pipe in the fully drilled wellbore, it will again be necessary to extract the collapsed soil from the well, but it will already be necessary to act with a bailer.

To prevent the growing casing from sinking into the hole until the next segment is attached, it is held with a clamp

For temporary fixation of the casing string installed in the drilled hole, a device in the form of a collar equipped with handles should be used. It will not allow the casing to sink into the working before the next section of the casing pipe is connected.

But it is worth noting that this method is far from the most rational, since it requires a long-term clearing of the face from sludge. When forming the column, do not lower the pipes to the bottom of the well. They should not reach the lowest point of the bottom by about half a meter.

To form a casing string, plastic pipes are introduced sequentially, connecting the elements as they go deeper.

To facilitate the drilling process with an auger, experts recommend flushing with water from time to time. The jet injected by the pump into the cavity of the casing pipe will flush the waste to the surface.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Drilling a well with a shock-rope method:

The subtleties of making a screw with your own hands:

For those who want to know how to competently drill a water well manually, we have given proven methods in practice. Need to pick up best way drilling, be serious about choosing necessary equipment, and when drilling, strictly follow the advice of experienced craftsmen.

The result of the efforts made will be a self-equipped source of water supply, providing clean water to all households.

Do you want to tell how the well was drilled on own site? Have questions or Interesting Facts on the topic of the article? Please write your comments in the box below.

How to drill a well with your own hands? Overview of three drilling methods

If you have made a deliberate decision to provide your suburban area with water, then it is best to use wells. Wells can be drilled on your own and if you intend to do this, then this article will come in handy. But it is better to entrust the installation of a water supply system to specialists, because it requires considerable experience and knowledge.

Choosing a location for a well

To begin with, we must choose the right place for the future well, as well as so that it is as efficient as possible. We need to determine if the site has a shallow aquifer, for which there are certain signs.

Signs of a shallow aquifer present on the site

1. A lot of plants have accumulated in a particular area of ​​​​the site, preferring high humidity.
2. In the evening, fog and dew accumulate in areas with an increased amount of vegetation, and in winter time thawed patches form in the snow.
3. going to a large number of mosquitoes and other insects. It is also believed that cats prefer to rest in places located above deep waters.

If at least one of these signs has been noticed, then you can safely proceed to drilling the well. These are all, of course, signs of more folk, more effective way revealing deep waters is a geological study.

Folk "method of detecting deep waters

Tools that will be required during the drilling process

We’ll make a reservation right away that not all tools can be made with your own hands, some of them will have to be bought. If we manage to make, for example, a drill, then its quality will be doubtful, because standard factory drills are made of high-strength hardened steel.

At work we will need:

• Derrick;
• Drilling column, to which couplings for connection are attached;
• Drill head;
• boards;
• Rope;
• Filter.

The drilling rig is a kind of tripod that you can assemble with your own hands from thick logs Ø15 centimeters. Between two of them we attach a winch, to which we hang the drill column with a rope. The column is a structure of rods interconnected by couplings and threads. There should be 6 rods in total, their length is from 1.5 to 3 meters.

The boards will be useful to us so that the walls of the pit do not crumble (we will talk later what it is). Drill heads are various kinds and are applied depending on the type of soil. Much depends on this type, up to the method of drilling a well.

Types of drill heads

Drill heads are the following types:

1. a chisel used to split hard rocks;
2. bailer - it removes the soil left after the operation of the bit (you can also drill loose soil with the bailer);
3. a spoon that is used for sand and clay;
4. a coil will be needed if gravel is present in the soil;
5. spoon with serpentine.

We have selected the tools, we proceed directly to drilling.

Rope drilling technology

Shock-rope method drilling consists of the following stages.

Stage 1. Pre-instruction. Before starting work, we must understand that the optimal depth of the well is 7-10 meters. You can drill no more than 20 meters on your own, if the groundwater is at a greater depth, then specialists must definitely do the drilling.

Important! It is impossible to drill a well on your own in any case, since at least two assistants will be needed for this.

Stage 2. Align the pit (rectangular "box") in the place where the well will be located. The dimensions of the pit should be 2x1.5x1.5 m, and it is needed so that unstable upper layers of soil do not crumble. We take the boards and make the lining of the walls of the pit.

Stage 3. We mount the tripod at the drilling site. We securely fasten it, then we place the drill column in the hole and turn the rod. The drilling process has begun. Every 60-70 centimeters we clean the column from adhering earth.

Stage 4. When we reach the aquifer, the drill column should be pulled out, and the filter should be lowered instead. We will definitely use the filter, otherwise the water pump will quickly become unusable. The voids formed between the walls of the well and the filter are covered with sand. Then we install pipes through which water will rise, and dismantle the walls of the pit. We fill up the well.

Stage 5. We install a water pump, which will be the "core" of the entire well. Outwardly, it will not look very attractive, so it is advisable to decorate it with some kind of decorative element, for example, a canopy.

In this way, we can drill a well up to 20 meters. Water located at such a depth has repeatedly passed through natural filtration, it will be clean and soft.

Well pipes and filter

The well filter is the same important detail like a pump. There are the following types of filters:

• gravel;
• Wire;
• Reticulate.

During operation, it is desirable to fill the filter with gravel, which will prevent dirt from entering the pipeline. When choosing a filter, we should pay attention to following options:

Options for arranging pipes for water lifting

1. If water is planned to be consumed as food, then plastic should be used, which does not corrode. If finances allow, you can buy more expensive enameled steel pipes.
2. If the well is intended for economic purposes, then we can use socket, thin-walled or threaded pipes.

Drilling a well using a pump

This method is perfect if the depth ground water does not exceed 10 meters. It is no less effective than the previous one.

Stage 1. We dig a hole 1.5 meters deep in order to remove loose and unstable upper layers of soil. The area of ​​such a pit should be approximately 1 square meter. We upholster its walls with boards so that it is convenient to work.

Stage 2. We take a steel pipe and cut one end of it with teeth, like on a hacksaw. We unbend the teeth in different directions. At the other end, we make a thread for connecting to pipes. Next, using clamps, we equip the pipe with handles so that you can hold it vertically. On the remaining pipes, we also make threads, but on both sides. Each pipe should be approximately 3 meters long.

Stage 3. We take a pre-prepared container of at least two hundred liters filled with water, a medium power water pump, as well as a hose that will reach the bottom of the pit. All pipes should have Ø12 cm, more if possible.

Important! This procedure is also not overpowered, you must have at least one assistant.

Stage 4. We insert the pipe into the pit to the maximum possible depth. We turn on the pump. The pressure of the water will erode the soil under the pipe, and it will gradually sink. It is desirable to constantly rotate the pipe at the same time.

Stage 5. The water will overflow from the pipe, but it can be reused by straining through a sieve. When the pipe is completely deep, we attach the next one to it and continue to work until the aquifer is reached. Then we remove the boards and bury the hole, and attach a cover to the end of the pipe, which will prevent debris from entering the system.

This is the easiest way to drill a well, but there are others.

A shallow well for economic purposes

If water is needed, for example, for watering a garden, then a well for this can be made using a conventional hand drill. The only condition is that the upper water table must be a maximum of three meters from the surface. If the length of the hand drill is not enough, then we increase it with reinforcing bars or small metal pipes. How to install f , you can read in our article.

We pass through the hardest layers of the earth with an additional load that clings to the handle of the drill. So the load on the hands will be less.

Important! The water extracted from such wells is not suitable for drinking, since it did not pass natural filtration!

If branches or roots come across during drilling, then we cut them down with an ax, previously attached to a long iron bar. After about two meters, wet sand will start to come across, so every 10 centimeters the drill will have to be pulled out for cleaning, otherwise we may break the device.

When the sand takes on a bluish tint, it will mean that we are almost there. When the first water appears, the drill can no longer be used, because it will no longer give anything - the liquid soil will not hold on to the blades. We just have to insert the casing pipe - a shallow well is ready!

To raise the water, we will use the usual electric pump.

As a conclusion

Production drills are striking in their scale, which is why the very idea of ​​drilling a well with our own hands seems stupid and impracticable to us. But those of you who have read the article already know that this is, to put it mildly, an exaggeration. All we need is a drilling tool, Additional materials, a bit of skill and, of course, patience.

In the country house, water is constantly used, therefore it will not be possible to do without it. It happens that organizing a common water supply is quite difficult. Centralized water supply can be an expensive pleasure due to the remoteness of summer cottages from each other.

The easiest way is to use your own water source. However, the first step is to make it. Having your own well can help the site owner satisfy household needs. In this case, the owner will not need to pay for the water supply, considering how many cubic meters of water have been spent. Digging wells is costly in terms of money and time, so many owners of summer cottages are interested in knowing how to drill a well manually. It is quite simple to make this design yourself if you know the manufacturing technology and the principle of the well device.

Before manufacturing, you will need to explore the site to determine the level of groundwater. The amount of work that needs to be done so that there is water in the well will depend on this parameter. The type of well is selected based on the depth of the soil, which contains water.

If the water is at a depth of 4-10 m, then an "Abyssinian well" can be made. If water is available at a depth of up to 50 m, a sand well should be used. If the water is in the ground at a depth of up to 200 m, then you will need to make an artesian well. The first two types can be done independently by almost every owner suburban area, but for the manufacture of an artesian well, a drilling device and experienced drillers will be needed.

Features of the work

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Device

This type of spring involves pumping water from a depth of 50 m. A sand well has this name because the water from it will come from a layer of sand that lies at a depth of 50 m.

This one will not be able to provide clean water, so after a while it will be necessary to check the contents of the well in the sanitation station.

To organize sand well, you should use the scheme with the pump. Water will be cleaned of suspensions and debris thanks to a filter that is mounted at an appropriate depth. The filter must be cleaned regularly. The service life of a sand well is approximately 15 years.

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"Abyssinian well"

This well is quite easy to make. It has a small depth, so you need to take care of the choice suitable place for her. There should be no septic tanks, various debris and pits near the well.

The well will be of shallow depth, in connection with which harmful substances can get into it, resulting in water pollution.

If there is no gravel or any hard rock in the soil, the well can be drilled in basement at home or near it. A similar source of water in the basement can be used even in cold weather. A well of this type in a private house can be equipped with a manual column and a pump so that it is possible to use water even without electricity.

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Artesian well

If there are already similar wells in the areas that are located in the neighborhood, then there is a high probability that water lies in the limestone layer in this area. If there are no such sites nearby, then drillers need to order an experimental source of water in order to be able to determine the depth of groundwater. Artesian wells are able to provide water to several summer cottages at the same time. In some cases, several site owners drill the same well to save some Money.

The choice of the type of well will depend not only on the type of soil, but also on how much water is planned to be used. A sand well and an Abyssinian well can easily provide a small flow. If you need more than 10 m³ / hour of water, you will have to make an artesian well. Any design is recommended to be drilled away from various pollutants and closer to a private or country house so that it is possible to lay a water pipe without problems.

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Equipment

Specialists for the manufacture of artesian wells use drilling rigs. To make shallow wells, you can use an ordinary tripod with a winch. She will be able to lower and raise the tools for making a hole, which consist of special pipes, rods, columns and drill.

Of the special equipment, you will need a drilling tool, with which it is possible to go deep into the ground, as well as a tripod and a winch. In order to drill a well yourself, you need to use a metal auger. In this case, an ice drill may be suitable, which is used when winter fishing. The drill must be made exclusively from high strength steel. Using these tools, you can make a well with minimal cost Money. In addition to the tripod, you will need:

1. Pipes of various diameters.
2. Valves.
3. filter elements.
4. Caisson.
5. Special pump.

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Sequencing

First of all, you will need to dig a hole measuring 150x150 cm. So that the recess does not begin to crumble, its walls will need to be lined plywood sheets, boards or pieces of chipboard. To fix the structure, you can also dig a hole with a diameter of 20 cm and a depth of 1 m with an ordinary drill. This must be done so that the pipe is securely fixed in a vertical position.

Above the recess, you need to install a solid tripod made of metal or wood, securing a winch at the location of its supports. In most cases, wooden tripods are installed. On the tower you need to hang a drilling column with 1.5 m rods. The rods are threaded into a pipe, after which they are fixed with a clamp. This device can be used to lower and raise tools.

The pump should be selected in advance so that it is possible to determine the diameter of the well being produced and the column pipe. The pump should fit easily into the pipe.

The drilling of such a source of water consists in lowering and raising the equipment.

The bar rotates and is immediately hit from above with a chisel. This work is most conveniently performed by two people: one person will turn the gas wrench, and the second will hit the bar from above to break through the rock. Using a winch can simplify the process because it makes it much easier to get the equipment up and down the hole. The rod during drilling must be marked. Marks will be needed in order to be able to freely navigate. With the help of markings, you can determine when it will be necessary to extend the rod and clean the drill. Most often, this should be done every 0.5 m.

With the help of a chisel, it is necessary to loosen the hard layers of soil.

To be able to easily overcome the existing soil layers, you need to use the following drills:

1. Coil. It is recommended to use for clay layer.
2. Bit. It is used to loosen hard soils.
3. Sand spoons.
4. Bailer. This device will help raise the soil to the surface.

A layer of sand is best passed with a spoon, adding right amount water. If the ground is hard, a chisel should be used. This tool can be cross or flat. Sands-quicksands can be overcome by the shock method.

In case of clay soil you will need to use a coil and bailer. The serpentine is able to easily pass through soils with clay, because its design is similar to a spiral. Pebble beds containing gravel can be broken with a bailer and a chisel. In some cases, you will need to pour water into the hole. Thus, it will be possible to simplify the process of drilling a well.

If the rock that is brought to the surface is wet, then this means that the aquifer is nearby. In this case, it will be necessary to go a little deeper to overcome the aquifer. Drilling will be much easier, but you can not stop. With the help of a drill, it will be necessary to find a waterproof layer.