How to build a mansard roof with your own hands and not make mistakes. We build a mansard roof with our own hands How to make a mansard roof at home

When building such a complex structure as a do-it-yourself mansard roof, a lot of different factors should be taken into account. First of all, you need to choose the type of roof, of which there are many. Next, you need to draw up a project with the calculation of the truss system, the slope of the slopes, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roof and the amount of materials needed for its construction.

The roof is being built according to certain technologies, which cannot be violated. We will talk about how to make a full-fledged attic floor in a country house in this article.

Types of mansard roofs

Before we begin to figure out how to properly build a mansard roof, let's see what varieties of such structures are. Such roofs differ in the shape and number of slopes, their angle of inclination, the type of roofing material used, and the degree of insulation. The choice of one or another type of roof depends on a variety of factors: the architectural design of the house as a whole, the climatic zone in which the building is located, the financial capabilities of its owners, etc. The attic, in principle, is allowed to be arranged under the roof of any design.

Mansard roofs are:

1. Shed. This is the easiest type of roof to build. Under the shed roof in the attic room there will be only one full-fledged wall;
2. Gable. The device of the mansard roof of this type is also not particularly difficult. Its disadvantage is not too large usable area. After all, the corners of the room under the gable roof form an unused "deaf" zone;
3. Double broken lines. This option is much more convenient in terms of housing;
4. Tent. Such a roof is arranged in square buildings. The hipped roof has four slopes of the same size;

Hipped mansard roof is arranged in square houses

1. Hip. It is also a hipped mansard roof. Instead of gables, slopes are provided in the design. The hip roof is also very convenient for arranging an attic under it;
2. Multi-forceps. Such roofs have a very complex configuration;
3. Pyramidal, conical, domed. Roofs of this type are arranged on buildings of complex shape.

A roof of any design can be converted into an attic

There is also a mansard-type roof itself. Its design involves the removal of slopes far enough outside the building itself on special consoles.

How to make a roof calculation

In order to calculate the amount of roofing material, insulation, hydro- and vapor barrier film, it is necessary first of all to determine the area of ​​​​the future roof. It is especially difficult to perform the necessary calculations if the roof is broken and has a complex configuration. At the same time, a diagram of the mansard roof is drawn and divided into simple geometric shapes. Next, the area of ​​each figure is calculated. The results obtained are added up.

The area of ​​a triangle is calculated by the formula S=(bxh)/2, where b is the length of the base of the triangle, h is its height. The formula for calculating the area of ​​a trapezoid is S=((a+b)/2)xh, where a and b are the bases of the trapezoid, h is its height. The circle formula is S= pxr 2, where r is the radius of the circle. Number n=3.14

Mansard roof. Drawings allow you to easily calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roof

1. roofing material used. Manufacturers always indicate what the minimum and maximum angle of inclination is acceptable for one or another of its types;
2. Climatic conditions. Do-it-yourself mansard roof is arranged taking into account the region in which the building is located. The steeper the angle of inclination, the greater the load on the roof will be exerted by the wind. But at the same time, the load from snow and ice on the roofing cake and rafters will be less;
3. The purpose of the building. The design of the mansard roof in our case should be developed taking into account the fact that in the future it will be a living space. Therefore, it is recommended to choose such an angle that the height from the floor beam to the top of the roof is at least 2.5 m, taking into account the thickness of the heat insulator and sheathing.

Continue the installation of the mansard roof by installing the lower (layered) rafters. For them, a bar with a section of 50x150mm is suitable. You should first make a template from a not too thick board. One of its ends is applied to the Mauerlat, and the other to the run. Next, mark out the shape of the gash and cut it out. According to this template, the rafters are cut.

To install the upper (hanging) rafters mark the center of the roof. At the same time, a temporary stand is nailed to the Mauerlat and an extreme tightening is set. Next, a template is prepared from the board and the ends of the upper rafters are cut out along it. In the center they are fastened together with metal plates. Then you need to put hanging racks (beam 25x150mm). After that, the lower rafters are strengthened with struts (board 50x150 mm) and the gables are sewn up.

For fixing all elements of the truss system, galvanized corners, self-tapping screws and nails are used.

crate

Mansard roof projects can involve the use of a wide variety of roofing materials. Very often you can see roofs made of metal or corrugated board. A sparse crate can be installed under them. When using rolled materials, a solid one is mounted.

Mansard roof lathing can be solid or sparse

Waterproofing and installation of roofing material

Do-it-yourself attic roof will turn out to be reliable only if high-quality waterproofing is arranged. Most often, a superdiffusion membrane is used to protect roofs. Mount it start from the bottom. At an angle of inclination of the roof from 15 to 30 degrees, the overlap between the rows of the film should be approximately 25 cm, at an angle of more than 30 degrees - 15-20 cm. The film is attached to the rafters by means of special brackets. A counter-lattice is stuffed over the film. Roofing material is attached to it.

Roofing material is mounted on top of the waterproofing film

Warming

Subject to all insulation technologies, you will get a mansard roof suitable for arranging a living space. Do-it-yourself heat insulator is usually mounted from the inside of the room. In the case of installation of insulation from the outside, the attic is preliminarily sheathed from the inside. After the laying is completed, in order to prevent the plates from falling out, they are covered with wire from below, fixing it to the rafters.

Insulation of the roof of houses with an attic. Photo of basalt wool between rafters

Vapor barrier and cladding

The attic of a gable roof is arranged with the obligatory use of a vapor barrier material. On top of the cotton wool, it is necessary to stretch the isospan with foil into the room. Above it, a counter-lattice is stuffed under the skin. Thus, ventilation is arranged. From the inside, the attic is sheathed with drywall, clapboard or plywood.

In this way, a reliable mansard roof can be erected with your own hands. The video below shows the process of installing a roofing pie with laying insulation on the outside.

As you can see, the procedure for erecting a mansard roof is quite technologically complicated. However, it is still possible to arrange additional living space in the country with your own hands, with a little effort.

The attic floor is a more spacious and well-prepared attic for life. Features of the room dictate their own conditions in relation to the roof. The arrangement of the mansard roof does not require the performer to have any special knowledge and skills. It is enough to prepare the necessary tools, read the instructions in detail and follow its recommendations in everything.

There are several types of mansard roofs. Familiarize yourself with the features of each of these roofs and choose the most suitable option. The main points of the construction technology are common to all types of construction.

The simplest option is a shed mansard roof. This design is carried out with some bias. It is used quite rarely, because. due to the slope, the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe attic space decreases.

The most popular option is a gable mansard roof. Inside the roof space will be comfortable and spacious. The gable roof is simple and profitable in arrangement.

It is a type of duplex design. In this case, the slopes will not be even, but broken. Typically, broken roofs are used in cases with small houses.

hip roof consists of four slopes. The truss system of the hip roof is somewhat more complicated.

Half hip roof is a type of hipped roof. In this case, a half-hip is usually understood as that slope, which, as it were, cuts off part of the end side of a gable roof. The cut can pass from below and form a trapezoid, or at the top and create a triangle.

Interesting varieties of hipped mansard roof are pyramidal and conical roofs. These designs look best on polygonal houses and round buildings. Perfectly combined with other types of roofs.

They are used quite rarely. This design has a smooth parabolic or circular shape. Previously, such roofs were widely used in the arrangement of rectangular houses.

What is the structure of the attic roof?

The mansard roof in the section is a "pie", consisting of several layers.

Mansard Roof Calculation Guide

The attic roof is calculated according to an extremely simple scheme. It is important to take into account not only the useful, but also the deaf area of ​​​​the attic space. In this case, a zone in which the distance between the ceiling and the floor is more than 90-100 cm will be considered useful. The rest of the places are traditionally considered a dead zone. It is impossible to live in such areas, but in their place you can install a variety of shelves and other household items.

Calculate the total area of ​​the roof. At this point, you will need a roof plan. Break the space into several simple shapes, calculate the area of ​​​​each of them, and then sum the resulting values ​​\u200b\u200bto determine the total roof area.

Before you start building a mansard roof, pay attention to a number of important little things, which include features of thermal insulation of the structure, the procedure for placing window openings etc.

Deserves special attention permissible angle of inclination of the roof slope.If the slope exceeds the permissible value, the area of ​​​​the attic space will decrease significantly. This moment is individual and is selected taking into account the attic area and other important parameters.

Select the appropriate type of rafter system. Rafters, as noted, contribute to an even distribution of the load on the walls. Additionally, thanks to the truss system, reliable protection of the house from various kinds of adverse atmospheric influences is provided.

The simplest version of the attic roof is a triangular shape. The most difficult thing is to make a mansard roof with a break. In the absence of appropriate skills, it is strongly not recommended to take on the independent arrangement of complex roofs.

Step-by-step instructions for building a mansard roof

There are no super complicated steps in the construction of a mansard roof. You just need to carefully read the instructions and follow all the recommendations step by step.

First step. Calculate the strength of the building. The attic increases the load on the walls and foundation of the house. It is better if qualified specialists are engaged in the calculation. If you do not plan to carry out work to strengthen the house, you can skip this step.

Second step. Calculate the attic and prepare a project for the future attic and roof. It is also recommended to involve specialists in this work. If you wish, you can try to create a project yourself or use some ready-made solution from available sources.

Third step. Do this as carefully as possible, try not to damage other structural elements of the house.

Fourth step. Make a truss frame. This is the most time-consuming stage of the instructions in question. It is better if at least 3 people are involved in arranging the frame at the same time.

Fifth step. Place and fix the Mauerlat. To assemble this element, use wooden blocks measuring 10x10 cm.

Sixth step. Install the frame for the roof space. The frame elements will simultaneously act as supports for the rafters. First secure the vertical posts around the edges of the building. Racks must be attached to long beams. Self-tapping screws and ordinary metal corners will help you with this.

Seventh step. Attach a jumper to the posts.

Eighth step. Make sure that the elements mentioned above are installed correctly. Any cord will help you with this - simply pull it between the formed arches. If the cord is in a strictly horizontal position, you have done everything right. If the cord deviates from the horizontal, trim the mismatched arches or even replace them with new elements.

Ninth step. Fix the arches together. Nail plates or stamping corners will help you with this.

Fasten the first rafters where the roof slope will have the maximum slope. To obtain the required slope, simply cut the bars to the required length.

The first step is preparing the rafters. Cut the bars in advance to the desired length and required angle. At the bottom of the rafter legs, select the grooves for connecting to the Mauerlat. Grooves can be made with a chisel.

Second step. Fasten each bar to its designated place.

Third step. Proceed to the installation of the upper rafters. At this stage, be especially careful. Observe the desired slope angle and overall alignment of the structure.

Fourth step. The crate can be made from plywood sheets or ordinary wooden boards. The type of lathing must correspond to the selected roofing material. As a rule, continuous flooring is made. This is the most versatile and most reliable option.

Laying of protective materials and completion of work

Mansard roofing requires the organization of high-quality protection from various adverse factors.

The first step is laying the vapor barrier material. The vapor barrier must be fixed on the inside of the truss system. The material is attached to the bars with the help of special building brackets.

The second step is laying the insulation. Mineral wool is traditionally used for insulation. If you wish, you can opt for a more modern and expensive material. Insulation plates should fit snugly together and also fit snugly against the rafters.

The third step is the device of the crate. On the laid insulation you need to fill the crate. Use ordinary wooden blocks. Fasten the elements of the crate in increments of about half a meter. Thanks to this system, the insulation will remain in place.

The fourth step is laying the moisture-proof material. Attach the waterproofing to the outside of the truss system. Polyethylene film is most often used as a moisture-proof layer. Waterproofing will protect the elements of the roof from atmospheric moisture.

The fifth step is laying the finish coat. Roofing material choose at your discretion. The best option in terms of cost and quality characteristics is a metal tile. From budget materials, slate or its more modern counterpart ondulin can be recommended.

After you fix the selected roofing material, the construction of the mansard roof can be considered complete. Thus, there is nothing complicated in arranging the considered system with your own hands. Understand the instructions, and you will successfully cope with all the tasks without outside help.

Video - Do-it-yourself mansard roof step by step

Everyone dreams of expanding the usable area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe home. But not always the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house allows you to equip, for example, an extension. One of the best solutions in this case is the construction of a mansard roof - additional footage with minimal investment.

Such a roof is built quite easily and quickly. And by enlisting the help of a few friends, you can save on labor.

To build a mansard roof on your own, you need to arm yourself with knowledge in this area to the maximum. Read more about the mansard roof device. So, mansard roofs are:

− in 1 level - the building has remote consoles, a large area and vertical windows. An attic with a single-level roof extends beyond the level of one of the sides of the house;

- in 2 levels - a project with a mixed type of support. This type of roof - the most difficult at all stages of construction, is designed together with the house;
− gable - add-ons for the attic in one level, easy to install. The main disadvantage is a small area and low ceilings;

- double-slope broken lines - buildings with 4 pitched planes at different angles. Somewhat more complicated than the previous version, but among the advantages is a full-fledged interior.

Different projects of mansard roofs almost do not differ from standard pitched roofs and include the following elements:

• roofing - appearance and protection from precipitation;
• crate - the base for roofing and insulation materials;
• ridge - the crown of the truss structure;
• rafters - inclined stiffeners of the entire structure;
• mauerlat - base beams for installing a truss system;
• diagonal bevels - connections for longitudinal beams and vertical racks;
• internal beams - supports for the ridge run and / or rafters for structural stability;
• insulation - a structure of layers of vapor, hydro, heat and sound insulation.

Mansard roof in a private house - photo under construction

To build, for example, a slate roof of this type, you will need:

• wood - bars (15, 12, 10), unedged boards, boards 40-50mm by 150mm;
• nails - 80 and slate;
• wire - annealed (3-4mm) and for stretch marks;
• slate;
• insulation;
• hydrobarrier.

Tools for building a mansard roof, most likely, do not even have to buy:

• roulette;
• axe;
• hammer;
• construction stapler;
• plumb;
• hacksaw.

The slope of the roof provides precipitation, but takes the height of the room. That is, the smaller the angle of inclination, the larger the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room itself will come out. Partially useful attic area is also reduced due to roof insulation. Read what exist and how to properly stack them.

Mansard roof construction technology

The technology for erecting a mansard roof has some subtleties:

− the thickness of the rafters must be more than 250 mm. This is necessary for comfortable laying of an insulating layer of 20 cm. The rafters can be made from glued laminated timber;

- for thermal insulation it is better to use foamed polystyrene or glass - they retain their properties even with increasing humidity;

- between the heat-insulating layer and the roof, it is necessary to install ventilation in accordance with all the rules - with exhaust hoods and air ducts, so that the air circulates freely under the surface of the building;

In order for the roof to turn out to be of high quality and reliable, it must have excellent ventilation, thermal insulation, and a high-quality truss structure made of treated wood.

- the inner side of the thermal insulation needs a vapor barrier layer over the entire surface;

- a layer of hydro-, if necessary, sound insulation is laid out under the roof from the outside of the rafters;

- wood for the entire structure must be treated with special equipment from microorganisms and fire, according to the requirements of SNiP;

- if the house is in a quiet, windless place, you need to increase the angle of inclination;

- such roofs are covered with ceramic tiles or slate. Metal, due to its low thermal insulation properties, is not recommended;

- for thermal insulation it is necessary to use non-combustible materials;

- the mansard roof provides for the presence of a ladder.

The external staircase will not take up the area of ​​​​the house, but it will be possible to get into the attic only from the street. Internal - much more convenient, but takes up space in the house. To solve this problem, you can install a ceiling ladder on a hinged joint or a screw structure. And how, according to GOST, to pick up on the second floor, read our instructions.

Phased construction of a mansard roof

Before building a roof, you must:

• Conduct an examination of the building to identify the maximum load for walls and foundations.
• Develop an attic project.
• Obtain permits:

1. from city authorities to construction and reconstruction;
2. expert opinion about the house;
3. permission from all owners.

Rafters of a broken mansard roof - diagram

After designing the roof and the preparatory process, you can start building:

1. We lay and fasten the Mauerlat along the perimeter of the house - a bar 100 by 100.
2. Installing the frame. The supports of the truss structure will serve as frame racks. For its device, a beam with a section similar to the section of the longitudinal beams is taken. Vertical racks are placed along the edges of the building and attached to the longitudinal beams with the help of corners and self-tapping screws. We make a jumper on top of each rack.
3. We mount the remaining arches. Between the two arches formed at the previous stage of installation, we stretch the cord strictly horizontally. The remaining arches are installed with a guideline for the cord and a step for the rafters. We connect the arches with stamped corners or nail plates as jumpers.
4. Let's move on to the rafters. We cut their upper ends at a certain angle. On the bases of the bars we cut out grooves for mounting on the Mauerlat. The rafters are fixed to the base structure. Then, according to the template, we cut the upper rafters and also install them in their places. Also check out more details for the attic.
5. We mount the crate with boards or plywood sheets.
6. We lay a layer of vapor and thermal insulation. Layers are installed from the inside of the rafters. We stuff the crate over the insulation.
7. From the outside of the rafters we mount a layer of waterproofing.
8. The last step will be the installation of roofing from the selected material. The roof layer is mounted on top of the waterproofing.
9. Do not forget about ventilation windows, as well as window openings. Of course, the window can only be installed in the gables, but two windows are unlikely to provide sufficient lighting.

How much will it cost to build a mansard roof

Consider the prices for materials for a mansard roof, given that the construction will be done by yourself.

The price of insulation (mineral wool) depends on the density per cubic meter and the base:

• on fiberglass - 1400-2500 rubles. per cubic meter;
• on basalt fiber - 1100-2000 rubles. per cubic meter;
• on jute fiber - 10-16 rubles. per running metre.

Roofing materials do not differ much in price:

• shingles - about 340 rubles. per square;
• metal tile - about 250 rubles. per square.

Calculations of the final cost of the building are made on the basis of the area of ​​​​the mansard roof.

Video

About the construction of a mansard roof with your own hands on the video. About the technology itself clearly and some useful tips.

A mansard roof is an ideal solution for expanding the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. With the support of several people and armed with the knowledge of building a building, you can quickly build a functional and reliable mansard roof for many years of use.

Use the entire possible area, give the house originality and significantly reduce heat loss through the roof - these are the tasks that the attic solves. If there is a certain margin of safety at the foundation, in this way it is possible to turn a one-story house into a two-level one. It is also attractive that a do-it-yourself mansard roof can be built even without special building skills. It is important not to make a mistake with the choice of materials and do everything according to the rules.

Windows in the usual floor are located in the walls. There are no or almost no walls in the attics. Roofing replaces them. That is why windows are made special: they not only have to let in enough light, but also withstand wind and snow loads, which are much more on the roof than on the walls.

Skylights

When planning an attic, it is worth considering the recommendations of SNiP. They recommend that the window area be at least 10% of the floor area. So if the attic is divided into several rooms, each should have a window.

Of all the methods shown in the photo for arranging skylights with an attic, the inclined installation is the easiest to implement. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the proper degree of waterproofing of the junction, as well as to use special models with a reinforced frame and reinforced glass - the load on the surface can be significant.

Benefits of a sloped roof window:

• more light, not so sharp borders of light and shadow;
• the roof surface remains flat, its relief is not complicated;
• relatively easy installation.

When planning such a window, it must be remembered that its area increases with an increase in the angle of inclination. At what height is it more convenient to install such a window and how its height in centimeters increases depending on the slope, see the photo.

The steeper the slope relative to the floor, the lower the height of the window should be.

The width of the window frame should be 4-6 cm less than the pitch between the rafters. Then it can be easily installed without disturbing the structure of the frame. If the window is wider, it is necessary to make a reinforced beam above it, calculate the load.

If you need to have a larger window, it is easier to put two narrow ones side by side. They look no worse than one big one, and there will be fewer problems.

When installing a dormer window, the geometry of the roof becomes more complicated: a valley appears on top and on the sides. Because of this, the truss system becomes more complex in both planning and assembly. The complexity of laying roofing also increases. All valleys are the places where leaks are most likely to occur. That is why it is necessary to do everything very carefully. In regions with a lot of snow, it is advisable to install snow retainers above such windows: so that they are not blown away during a sharp descent.

The device of a vertical window-dormer in the mansard roof

The advantage of such a window: near it you can stand in full growth. But they let in less light, the terrain becomes more difficult and the roof becomes more problematic.

A recessed window is usually used if an exit to a balcony is made through it. In other cases, this method of arrangement is not the best option: there is little light, the shadows are very deep, which is tiring for the eye, the geometry also becomes more complicated, although not to the same extent as in the previous version.

The easiest way is to make a window in the end part of the attic. In this case, a reinforced frame or reinforced glass is not needed. Quite simply high-quality glasses are enough. It is this option that can most often be seen in country attics: this is the most inexpensive option, which is easily implemented with your own hands.

truss system

With the independent construction of private houses with an attic, usually a sloping roof is chosen. It allows you to get a room of a significant area, larger than under the gable.

With an equal width of the base (house), the attic room under a sloping roof is larger than under a conventional gable. The truss system is getting more complicated, but a gable roof with an attic under a sloping roof is still more popular.

The design of the sloping mansard roof is such that the overhangs can be lowered quite low, giving the house an interesting look. But the long overhang of the roof is not only a decorative role. They also cover the upper part of the wall from precipitation and divert the bulk of the water away from the foundation. Although when planning, you need to keep in mind that in strong winds they increase the windage. Because of this, it is necessary to use more powerful boards and beams. Therefore, the size of the roof overhang is chosen based on several considerations, the main of which is weather conditions.

Tilt angle

It depends on the roofing material, but most of all - on the region and weather conditions. The classic version is shown in the figure: the lower slopes in relation to the plane of the attic floor are inclined by 60 °, the upper ones by 30 °. Based on these data and the parameters of your building, all lengths can be calculated. Just keep in mind that according to SNiP, the ceiling height in the attic cannot be less than 2 m. Then, by definition, this is an attic. A person will feel comfortable if the ceiling is raised to a height of at least 2.2-2.3 m. Based on this, according to the rules of geometry, calculate the required lengths.

In the classic version, the load from precipitation on the side surfaces may not be taken into account. Precipitation can only be held on the upper part, the angle of inclination of which is less than 45 °.

In general, the slope of the side surfaces usually ranges between 45° and up to 80°. The steeper the slope, the greater the windage it has, this must be taken into account: in regions with strong winds, it is better to make flatter roofs. Then the wind loads will be perceived much better.

Types of rafter systems of broken roofs

The design of a broken mansard roof is one of the options for the truss system (the most common)

For the manufacture of a sloping roof frame with their own hands, pine lumber is most often used, the grade is not lower than 2. The choice of the section of timber and boards depends on the size of the roof, the selected roofing (its weight), wind and snow load in the region, the installation step of the rafters. All these parameters are taken into account in the calculation. The technique is prescribed in SNiP 2.08.01-89 and TCP 45-5.05-146-2009.

One of the options for building a frame with hanging rafters

Above in the figure is a drawing of a frame with hanging rafters. It can only be implemented if the base of the upper triangle is no more than 4.5 meters (in this case, this is the width of the attic room). If more, you will have to make layered rafters, which should rest on the load-bearing wall in the middle (the attic will turn out to be divided into two parts by a row of beams).

Another version of the upper part is shown in the photo below (the picture is clickable). In this case, the side rafters are reinforced with struts. They significantly increase the rigidity of the system.

There is a second way to achieve a similar effect - to set contractions - in the figure they are only outlined with barely visible lines. The length of the side rafter leg is divided into three, contractions are set in these places. They will be needed if the roofing will have a solid weight.

A variant of the rafter system of a sloping roof - with struts that increase the rigidity of the system

For a building that is small in size, the roof frame can be generally simple: at the top there are two hanging rafter legs, a puff, floor beams, racks and side rafters (pictured below).

The device of the truss system of a broken mansard roof for a small house

How to calculate a sloping roof

The mansard sloping roof of a small house (width no more than 6-7 meters) has been built so many times that, based on experience, we can say what materials should be used. Many parameters are dependent on other materials. For example, the installation step of the rafters is tied to the parameters of the insulation. To ensure that there is as little waste as possible during insulation, installation is easier, it is necessary that the distance from one rack to another is slightly less than the width of the insulation (by 20-30 mm). So, if you are going to use mineral wool, its width is 60 cm. Then the racks must be installed so that the clearance between two adjacent ones is 57-58 cm and no more.

The width of the board for the rafter leg is again determined based on the insulation. For the central zone of Russia, the required thickness of basalt wool is 200-250 mm. That's not all. In order for the thermal insulation to dry out, a ventilation gap of 20-30 mm is required (without it, the condensate will gradually rot the wood and render the mineral wool unusable). In total, it turns out that at a minimum the width of the rafter leg should be 230 mm. The thickness of the board is at least 50 mm. This is in regions with mild winds and not very heavy snowfalls. Summing up, for all rafters - ridge and side - a board of 230 * 50 mm is required.

If lumber with such characteristics turns out to be too expensive, it will be possible to make insulation in two directions: part along the rafters, part, stuffing the crate, across. You can lay a minimum of 100 mm of basalt wool, therefore, you can take a standard board 50 * 150 mm and leave it on the ventilation gap of 50 mm, or order a non-standard 130 * 50 mm. See what is more profitable in terms of money.

For racks and beams, it is better to take a beam of at least 80 * 80 mm, better - 100 * 100 mm. Especially in areas with difficult weather conditions - with heavy snowfalls or strong winds.

For a more accurate estimate, ask the experts. This is a long process, consisting of the collection of loads from the roofing material, the structural elements themselves, wind and snow loads. After that, according to a certain formula, the elements are selected. For more information on how the calculation is carried out, see the following video.

Do-it-yourself mansard roof: installation procedure

The Mauerlat device on mansard roofs is no different from the standard version. If or logs, you can use the upper crown as a Mauerlat. It is only pre-treated with impregnation with high protective properties.

If the wall is made of foam blocks, a reinforced monolithic belt is arranged on top of it. On a brick wall or made of shell rock, other similar materials, the device of such a belt is optional. Waterproofing is laid on the wall in two layers, and on top - a timber treated with an antiseptic - 150 * 150 mm or a log. It is fixed with embedded studs.

When assembling all elements, long nails are used - at least 150 mm long. In the most critical places, it is better to connect three or more elements with bolts or studs with double-sided threads. It is desirable to strengthen all joints with steel plates or corners.

First way

The installation of mansard roof rafters is done in two ways. First: parts are assembled on the ground, then they are lifted up in finished form. There, the first to expose the extreme structures that will become the gables. They are placed vertically, fixed. It is often more convenient to fix them with long bars nailed to the wall (temporary). The following assembled structures are inserted into the prepared recesses in the Mauerlat (they are made with the required step). They are set strictly vertically, carefully fixed. If necessary, install additional temporary spacers that fix them in the desired position. Side rails are installed.

How to build a sloping roof in this way, collect nodes, see the video below.

Second way

The second method - the construction of a sloping roof is carried out by sequentially collecting elements right on the spot. This method is more convenient if the structure is large and when assembled it can only be lifted using special equipment (crane).

First, floor beams are laid. Racks and puffs are attached to them, temporary struts are placed to hold them in the vertical direction. Next, the rafters of the upper and side legs are assembled, puffs and jibs are installed.

During installation, the following sequence of actions is observed: first, the extreme elements are installed and set in the desired position, securely fixed. If necessary, use temporary spacers. Between them, a fishing line, rope, lace is stretched, which will serve as a guide for the installation of all subsequent elements. This simple move allows you to get the perfect geometry (do not forget to check the slope angle, verticality or horizontality).

Puffs are attached over the racks - bars, to which the side rafters are then fixed and on which the puff of the upper triangle is installed. Puffs are attached with metal corners. Since the beams are long, they sag. This is further eliminated - after the installation of the upper rafter legs - using vertical beams of a fixed or adjustable height. And temporarily they can be propped up with racks (so as not to pull the entire system).

To make it easier to maintain the desired angle when installing the side rafter legs, templates are made according to which the cuts are made. But since the geometry of DIY buildings is rarely perfect, adjustments may be needed. To check the resulting angle of inclination from several boards, another template is knocked down, which checks the correct installation.

If the standard length of lumber - 6 meters - is not enough, either order the required length (expensive) or increase it. When building up, two boards with a size of at least 0.6 meters (30 cm on each side of the junction) are nailed to the junction. They are nailed on both sides or bolts are used.

A reliable way to build rafters. The length of the "patch" - at least 60 cm

After installing the side rafters, it remains to install the top ones. A template is also made for them, it is first sawn on the ground, and installed at the top.

The top part can be done in different ways. Its structure depends on the width of the base. See the photo below for how to make it.

Since the device of the mansard sloping roof does not provide for the presence of a ridge, a beam is stuffed into the puff in the middle, to which the slopes are attached, fixing the triangle in the required position.

Nodes and their drawings

When installing the truss system, questions may arise regarding the assembly of nodes - the intersection and connection of several structural elements. In the photo you see drawings of key connections.

The second option is to connect the side rafters and the upper triangle. Bolts are used for more secure fastening.

How to make a do-it-yourself fastening of the upper triangle and rafter leg on a mansard roof

The methods for attaching the rafter legs to the Mauerlat or, as in this case, to the side beam are shown in the figure below. To make it easier to mount a heavy element, a stop board (bar) is nailed to the rafter from below, which limits its movement: the board rests against the edge and prevents it from sinking lower.

A do-it-yourself mansard roof built over the house allows you to increase the total living area with minimal financial investment. Among the most popular options is a gable sloping roof, the installation technology of which is not difficult.

Project development

By “breaking” the roof slopes at different angles, you can increase the amount of space under the mansard roof. A broken structure, like another type of attic roof, is more massive and heavier than a standard gable roof, which should be taken into account when equipping the attic floor during the reconstruction of a house. It is first necessary to examine the condition of the foundation and walls of the structure to determine whether they can withstand increased loads. If the device of a massive attic structure is planned at the stage of preparation for construction with your own hands, this should be taken into account when developing the project for the foundation and walls of the house.

The creation of a mansard roof project should be taken carefully, since errors in calculations or incorrectly selected parameters of the elements of the truss system can lead to damage to the roof itself, and in some cases the walls of the house, during operation.

It is recommended to entrust the development of a mansard roof project to professionals. It is also possible to use special computer programs that calculate the optimal angle of inclination of the roof and other parameters. All calculations are performed in accordance with the document SNiP "Loads and Impacts".

When choosing an attic project, the construction of which can be done by hand, first of all, you need to pay attention to the dependence of the parameters of the room on the angle of the roof. The dwelling must have a height of more than 2.2 meters. If the roof slopes are straight, then the angle of their inclination seriously affects the width of the room.

A broken mansard roof allows you to maximize the expansion of the room, providing the required ceiling height across its entire width. At the same time, the side (lower) rafters are located at an angle of about 60 degrees, and the angle of inclination of the upper ones can be chosen at your discretion, based on aesthetic preferences, as well as snow and wind loads characteristic of the construction area.

Roofing cake and other elements

If you are going to make an attic roof with your own hands, it is necessary to provide for the use of certain materials for the installation of a roofing pie in the project. They include:

• waterproofing;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation;
• roofing material.

The choice of insulation affects such a parameter as the pitch of the rafters - in order to save heat-insulating material, it is recommended to position the rafters in such a way that the slab or mat fits snugly between them. The type of lathing (solid or sparse) and the step of the sparse lathing depend on the choice of roofing. It should be noted that the device of the roof of the attic floor provides for the creation of not only high-quality insulation, but also effective ventilation of the roofing system.

Materials and tools

In order to ensure safety, the construction of the truss system and roofing should be carried out using fireproof, environmentally friendly materials. Wood materials are treated with fire and biological protection means.

For the construction of the truss system of a private house with your own hands, you will need:

• wooden beam with a section of 50 × 100 mm;
• board 150 × 50 mm;
• unedged board;
• nails 80, self-tapping screws and other fasteners;
• annealed wire (diameter 3-4 mm);
• level;
• plumb;
• roulettes;
• hacksaws;
• axes;
• hammers;
• sharp carpentry knives.

Using a quality tool simplifies and speeds up the installation of wooden structures with your own hands. Instructions for doing work step by step can be found in the video.

Mauerlat device

The Mauerlat, made of timber or a powerful board, acts as the base of the roof truss system of the mansard roof. A gable roof requires laying a Mauerlat on the long walls of the house. Mauerlat not only allows you to securely fix the lower part of the rafters, but also contributes to an even distribution of the load when it is transferred to the walls and foundation of the building.

To fix the Mauerlat board or beam, metal studs are used, fixed in a monolithic concrete beam made in the upper part of the wall, or annealed wire embedded in the brickwork. When attaching the Mauerlat to the upper crown of the wooden wall, wooden dowels are used. The Mauerlat device requires high-quality waterproofing of a wooden beam. For this purpose, roofing felt or other durable materials with water-repellent properties can be used.

Mauerlat installation is necessary if it is planned to build a roof frame with your own hands, the rafters of which rest against the upper part of the wall with a beveled end or a special cutout. If an attic is designed, the width of which actually corresponds to the width of the house, the rafters rest with their lower end against the outriggers. Powerful beams laid across long walls act as supports. The number of supports should correspond to the number of truss pairs. The beams are attached to the walls in a similar way to the Mauerlat, and waterproofing is also used.

Mauerlat or support beams must be securely fastened to the walls, as these elements prevent the roof from moving under strong wind loads.

Construction of the supporting structure

The structure of the frame of a broken mansard roof begins with the laying of supports under the racks, which must be located strictly symmetrically relative to the axis of the building. The distance between the supports is equal to the width of the future attic. First of all, U-shaped arches are mounted on the gables of the structure. Each arch consists of two support posts connected by a bridge. For the manufacture of racks, a bar is used, the cross section of which must be no less than the cross section of the support under it.

Racks are installed on a plumb line, strictly vertically. A jumper is attached to them, the horizontalness of which should be checked during installation. According to the size of the first arch on the other front, the second is made. It is important to level the structure. A cord is stretched between the U-shaped arches, which must be located strictly horizontally. If necessary, one of the arches is dismantled and adjusted exactly to the size. Focusing on the stretched cord, you should install the remaining arches. Their number and pitch depend on the designed pitch of the rafters, since the upper end of each rafter is attached to the corresponding post. This provides the necessary rigidity of the mansard roof frame.

Racks of U-shaped arches can be attached to the support with metal brackets, nails or tenon joints. You can learn about the main methods of connecting the elements of the truss structure from the video instructions. To ensure the verticality of the racks under the load that the roof will experience during operation, it is recommended to additionally install braces. The arches in the upper part are interconnected by lintels parallel to the long walls of the house.

Installation of rafter legs

Do-it-yourself construction of a broken roof involves the use of two types of rafter legs. The lower rafters are located at a very sharp angle, connecting the racks with the Mauerlat or the ends of the extended transverse supports. The upper gable truss structure is mounted on an arched system.

Before installing the lower rafter legs, it is necessary to carefully mark the place of their installation on the Mauerlat. The rafters extreme to the pediment are mounted first. The trimming of the rafter legs is carried out in such a way that the cut of the upper edge of the board fits at the required angle to the rack, and the lower cut rests on the power plate or outrigger. If, according to the project, the mansard roof is made with slope overhangs, a special-shaped cutout is made in the lower part of the rafter leg: the rafter rests on the support with the horizontal part of the cutout. The rafter is fastened with nails or staples. It is additionally recommended to strengthen the connections of the legs with the Mauerlat or the remote support with burnt wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm. According to a similar scheme, all lower rafters are installed.

If we are building a house whose length exceeds 8 meters, it is recommended to install a truss system with a ridge beam. Such a device allows you to evenly distribute the load on the entire frame. In this case, racks are installed in the center of the gables, the verticality of which is checked by a plumb line, a ridge beam is mounted strictly horizontally on them. It is important to correctly determine the height of the ridge, since the angle of inclination of the upper rafters directly depends on this. The rafter legs rest with their upper cut ends against the ridge beam, and the lower ones against the supporting arched structure.

The upper rafters of the attic roof can be an L-shaped structure. The rafter legs can be butted together using a wooden or metal fastening plate, or by cutting into half a tree, using a bolted connection. It is recommended to fit the first pair of rafters in place, which is then dismantled and used as a template. Prepared farms are installed in the standard order - first the extreme ones, then the rest with constant leveling.

At the last stage of creating a roof structure, do-it-yourself installation of the lathing, laying waterproofing, creating a ventilation gap, and installing the roofing are carried out. From the inside, thermal insulation and vapor barrier are attached, the lining is attached. On the video you can get acquainted in detail with the technology of work.