Packet bar. Insulated glued timber

The popularity of buildings made of timber is increasing every year. There is only one minus - such houses require additional insulation. Insulated timber will preserve the natural natural look building and significantly improve its thermal insulation.

Today, insulated glued laminated timber is a kind of innovation in construction market. Its production is based on multi-layering, in which dry planed wood is laid with a special insulation and glued together under pressure. The principle of manufacturing the material resembles the creation of sandwich panels, in which the base is successfully combined with thermal insulation.

Material manufacturing technology and its types

Depending on the design features glued laminated timber can be packaged or single-chamber. The package material is a closed structure resembling a box containing thermal insulation. A single-chamber beam consists of two boards connected by jumpers with a step of 50 cm. A heater is laid between the boards, then the whole structure is given a monolithic structure.

The following materials can be used to insulate the beam:

• polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene (PPU);
• ecowool or cellulose.

Their manufacturing technology is the same. First of all, wooden lamellas are prepared, which are dried artificially to a moisture content of no more than 10-12%. The slats are fastened together, forming closed cavities 7 cm wide. On the extruder, the cavities are filled with polyurethane foam or other type of insulation material.

The finished structure is processed on a four-sided planer, which gives it the necessary parameters. At the same time, the thermal insulation protrudes slightly beyond the limits of the wood, which allows it to wrinkle during installation and completely clog the seams between the bars.

The characteristics of the insulated material significantly exceed all the qualities of a simple glued beam.

PPU timber is especially popular, due to its low thermal conductivity. Thus, the level of thermal conductivity of expanded polystyrene is only 0.024 W / (mK), which is significantly lower than that of ecowool or cellulose. To heat a house with an area of ​​about 160 m 2, no more than 3 kW of electricity per day will be required.

As a building material, expanded polystyrene has good durability, and in combination with wooden lamellas, it acquires high level strength. Such a bar is able to withstand compressive loads of more than 250 kPa and bending loads of about 0.35 MPa. Thanks to this, the insulated timber, mounted in the walls, always retains a strict geometric shape, without shrinking or warping.

The environmental friendliness of expanded polystyrene is known, because it is from it that substrates for food products are made. It does not emit harmful fumes or substances in either dry or wet environments.

Together with large quantity advantages PPU timber has one significant disadvantage- full air tightness inherent in polyurethane foam. To maintain a healthy atmosphere in the house, you will have to equip additional ventilation systems.

Timber with ecowool filling

Ecowool consists of shredded paper impregnated with an adhesive based on antipyrine. Its performance characteristics are somewhat inferior to polyurethane foam. In addition, timber made using ecowool is characterized by low moisture resistance.

Other disadvantages of ecowool include the following parameters:

• high thermal conductivity;
• susceptibility to shrinkage;
• contributes to the formation of dust;
• can be damaged by rodents.

Due to the large number of disadvantages, the cost of timber filled with ecowool or cellulose is significantly lower than that of PPU material. As a rule, people who seek to equip environmentally friendly and budget housing with an attractive appearance acquire an insulated ecowool beam.

But at the same time, it must be remembered that a house built from glued laminated timber with ecowool may lose its thermal insulation qualities over time. And if in the building of ordinary timber replacing the insulating material does not cause any particular difficulties, then in this case it will be almost impossible to do this.

Wall made of insulated glued laminated timber with a PPU layer, Construction company LLC "AlexStroy"

A log, a rounded log, a bar, a profiled bar and a glued profiled bar, a minibar, and finally, an insulated glued bar - this is approximately how the chain of "evolutionary" development of long-length building materials from wood. Each next stage, a link in this chain, provided more convenient and high-quality installation of walls in wooden housing construction. Log "acquired" standard sizes, standard precisely cut profiles of interventional and corner interfaces and "became" profiled timber. When it came to insulating the house, improving the heat-shielding qualities of the material, the log was turned into boards for assembling multi-layer walls with intermediate layers of porous thermal insulation.

Equivalent in thermal insulation properties wall thickness of different materials, Production and construction company "777D and Co".

Wood already has a high thermal resistance, which makes it possible to manage with decimeter-thick walls instead of meter-long stone and brick ones. With additional thermal insulation, walls can be made even thinner, lighter, and at the same time cheaper. Add to this an even lighter and less expensive foundation for light walls. As a result, we get wooden house, which can be built inexpensively, by a small team, without special powerful construction equipment. Of course, nothing prevents you from making an expensive cottage or even high-rise building. In this case, however, it will be necessary to compensate for the decrease in the bearing qualities of the mass of wood, with its partial replacement porous insulation, design complexity and accurate calculations. But this is for modern techniques design and construction technologies not an obstacle.

The last of the materials listed in the "evolutionary chain", insulated glued beams, bears the burden of excessive complexity. This often happens with representatives of the tops of evolutionary chains. Yes, it is effective in terms of thermal protection, as a separate part. And, it seems, even in our climate it allows building houses with thin walls. But don't forget about weak points any walls made of long wood materials - interventional zones and corner junctions.

Comparison of heat-shielding characteristics of LogECO insulated laminated timber with foam glass filler and ordinary timber, Unitek Company.

No matter how good the wall material itself is, if there are significant heat loss, there is little use for its excellent qualities. In the case of thin walls with possible greater deformations than massive ones, the quality and long-term integrity of the interfaces is extremely important. It is easier to ensure the integrity of thin walls by assembling them not from many long parts, but from shields, wooden and composite panels with thermal insulation layers. The best, in terms of integrity, will be multi-layer walls, assembled in several layers of boards or timber with independent installation of hydro-, vapor barrier and insulation (for example, using double insulated timber technology).

And yet, insulated glued laminated timber can compete with both panel and double (triple or more) insulated walls. Unlike the first, it gives more freedom in design and construction. As for competition with the latter, the construction site will not have to involve specialists with equipment for installing thermal insulation - it is already "built into" the insulated timber. That is, it is easier and faster to design and build non-serial buildings from insulated glued beams than from insulated panels or with the stage of filling intra-wall cavities-chambers with insulation.

Various implementation options for CorkBeam insulated glued laminated timber with a cork inner layer, Promstroyles Company.

For the production of insulated glued beams, wood (solid or glued) with air-dry or dry moisture is used, taking into account the minimum subsequent shrinkage and to ensure the required adhesion during installation (application) of insulation. The frame of the beam is assembled from external and internal lamellas connected wooden inserts, which determine the dimensions and rigidity of the structure (the same functions are partly performed by the insulation, if it is able to maintain its shape and size). Insulation chambers may have additional layers of vapor barrier, if required by the use of a particular insulation. Finished frame filled with insulation (or remains hollow if the insulation is laid during installation). After that, the beam is accurately profiled, and during production ready-made kits cups are cut out in it corner connections. A "thick" insulated timber can also be "multi-chamber", with intermediate lamellas and several layers of insulation.

Polyurethane foam layer of thermal beam - heat and sound insulation, Promstroyles Company.

The insulation and the method of its installation in a wooden frame give the insulated laminated timber its remarkable properties. Polyurethane foam (PPU), foam glass, mineral and ecowool, composites of the listed materials, porous natural materials(cork, light wood). Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages. When choosing, one should take into account the complexity of installation, stability (durability, caking, hygroscopicity), safety (by release harmful substances in normal operation and in case of fire). Insulated glued laminated timber with PPU is easy to install, quite stable, inert, but releases hazardous components during combustion. Foam glass and ecowool are safe, but the production and construction of timber with such "fillers" is more difficult process than from a bar with a polyurethane foam layer.

Stages of installation of walls made of glued beams with foam glass filler, Unitek Company.

The hardening foam materials are not only firmly bonded to the timber, but also allow the formation of a tongue-and-groove interventional profile in them themselves, and not exclusively in the thin frame lamellas. It is easier and faster to assemble walls from such a beam. When using thermal insulation that does not hold its shape or does not hold it for a long time, it is necessary to complicate the design of the beam itself or the installation process. Chambers with insulation are sewn up with diaphragms and inserts, and the heat-insulating material is additionally treated with adhesive or polymerizing compounds. An alternative method of "sealing" at the production stage is the laying of insulation during construction in the chambers of a wooden frame "beam". Since these chambers are small in volume, the procedure does not require sophisticated equipment, as in the case of filling inter-wall niches with ecowool.

Alternative technology - double insulated timber, LLC "DSK EliS".

The insulated timber is similar in shape and method of installation to a conventional profiled timber. However, there are features that complicate the construction. It is required to monitor the accuracy of fitting joints of relatively thin wooden frames neighboring elements. When erecting loaded walls, it is necessary to foresee and strengthen the places for installing screeds, which, of course, cannot simply be "installed" in thermal insulation. All thermal insulation chambers remaining open after installation must be hermetically sealed with plugs.

Insulated glued beams should not be considered as a solution to the problem of reducing construction costs due to the low weight of the structure and reducing wood consumption. Lightness with low weight and thickness is not what you should strive for when building a residential building, and far from everything for which the material was developed. The insulation built into the beam is a modern technological solution to the problem of improving the thermal insulation of a building. Extra warmth and soundproofing are important, but still additional, bonuses to the reliability and durability of the home.

Know-how in the building materials market is insulated glued beams. This material is rapidly gaining popularity. Many buyers are interested in why this type is so good, how it differs and what quality indicators it has. To understand this, you need to plunge into the history of the creation of such material. Technicians have been thinking for a long time how to make the log house not need additional insulation, and to preserve its external appearance. natural look. The insulated beam has become great solution these tasks. And the insulation of the house from glued beams is not needed at all.

It has a design similar to sandwich panels. It is compared with a glued look only because of the connection of a special insulation with lamellas. This technology is based on versatility. A sandwich having three layers is glued together on special machines under pressure. Wherein upper layer they are made from dry planed wood, like glued beams, and a special insulation is laid between them. Insulation may have a different composition.

In its own way design features glued insulated material is:

1. Batch. This is closed design like a box filled with insulation.
2. Single chamber. This design has two boards interconnected by jumpers. The distance between the jumpers is 50 cm. Insulation is filled inside and gives solidity to the entire structure.

The composition of the insulated timber is divided into:

1. Polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene insulated beam (PPU).
2. Insulated timber filled with cellulose or ecowool.

Polyurethane foam insulated beam (PPU)

This type is leading in its quality characteristics among other heaters. That is why manufacturers began to use it for construction warm timber. The thermal conductivity of such a material is 0.024, which is twice as high as ecowool. Such a heater is durable, and in combination with wooden lamellas it acquires strength. The degree of flammability of polyurethane foam G1 is low flammable.

The polyurethane foam insulated look withstands compression of 250 kPa and bending of at least 0.35 MPa. This makes it possible to maintain a strict geometric shape of the lamellas.

It is not worth talking about the environmental friendliness of this product, since all food substrates in stores are made from it. It is the only material that can come into contact with food.

In addition, it is economical, since no more than 2.5-3 kW of electricity is required to heat a house with an area of ​​160 m2. Spending money on this type of warm timber, you will save a lifetime.

The main disadvantage of such a warm beam is its airtightness. As a result, the house needs additional ventilation.

Insulated timber from ecowool

Ecowool is obtained from newsprint impregnated with a special adhesive containing antipyrine. The use of ecowool in Russia began in the late 90s; it has been used all over the world for a long time. The use of ecowool in glued structures has just begun to develop. This product has a big drawback, it is low moisture resistance. But for the price, it outperforms penoulirutan. Such an insulated beam can be called an economy option.

Still basic, and probably main disadvantage such a glued warm beam is the impossibility of independently installing it, since special equipment is needed.

For a more complete comparative picture, we give an example in the form of a table quality characteristics ecowool and polyurethane foam.

The table shows that, of course, it is more practical to purchase glued insulated goods made of polyurethane foam, since it wins in terms of quality.

The price of insulated glued laminated timber

Consider average price on glued insulated timber in the form of a table:

It is worth noting that the construction of such material implies a timber frame, which differs little from shield structure. This means that if you build panel house and insulate it with mineral wool, sheathed on top with siding imitating timber, the appearance will be no worse. And you can win three times the price!

Why, then, glued laminated timber with insulation is becoming increasingly popular in Russia? This question can be answered by considering all the advantages of building a house from this material.

Seven pros and cons of a house made of glued warm timber

If we talk about the advantages of such a structure, then they are obvious and are already in the name:

1. Preservation of heat in the house, 2 times warmer than a glued beam structure.
2. The price of a log house made of glued warm timber is 30% cheaper than glued timber and two times cheaper than ordinary dry planed timber.
3. Cross joints in the structure give the house extra strength.
4. Cheaper foundation. The weight of such material is two times less than that of glued beams and five times less than that of rounded logs. This means that the design turns out to be super-light, and a minimum of money will be spent on the foundation.
5. Cracks do not appear on such material, since the lamellas are dried.
6. The appearance of the house is in no way inferior to a wooden beam structure.
7. Saving heating and electricity twice.

These are the undeniable advantages of glued warm timber, but even here there are some "pitfalls":

1. The heat-insulating material collapses over time, and it is not possible to replace it in such a structure.
2. Airtight. Walls made of such material will not allow air to pass through, which means that the house will not “breathe”. Additional ventilation costs are required.
3. As you know, a tree absorbs moisture, and if it is inside ecowool, then it gains it even faster and more. It will be very difficult to dry such a structure later.
4. One can argue about the environmental friendliness of such a house. After all, no matter how safe the heat insulator of which the timber consists, it is still an unnatural material.
5. Rodents love to settle in ecowool. And here the design itself was created to create ideal minks.
6. Wall decoration over time will still have to be done. Since the outer slats are made of wood, it is darker and loses its appearance.
7. Comparison with frame construction makes it possible to talk about extra costs. Since if the frame is sheathed with panels imitating timber, then external differences will not be visible.

Insulated glued laminated timber is made in compliance with all norms and changes in the construction SNiP. Even children's institutions are allowed to be built from it. And in its own way price category it is located between the rounded log and the profiled beam. So think and decide whether it suits you or not. But we advise you to pay attention to this novelty in the construction world.

The two-story house was built from insulated package timber using the patented LogECO technology. In a package beam with wooden lamellas, cavities filled with heat-insulating material: foamed glass or ecowool. Both heaters freely pass air and steam, without interfering with "breathing" of wood. The alternation of lamellas and cavities, in order to avoid the occurrence of "cold bridges", occurs in a checkerboard pattern. Packet lumber is approximately 2.5 times superior to glued lumber in terms of heat saving. That is, a 240 mm thick wall made of laminated timber will be as warm as a 600 mm thick wall made of glued laminated timber.

In the manufacture of packaged timber, you can do without glue, using only mechanical connections with special ties

STEP 1 - shallow tape

Since the package lumber is almost twice as light as ordinary glued lumber, it is possible (and even necessary!) To get by with a lightweight foundation. A shallow-depth strip foundation made of monolithic reinforced concrete is laid to a shallow depth - so it will experience less loads during freezing and soil movements. Concrete is poured in fixed formwork. In the foundation tape laid under all bearing walls at home, air ducts are left for ventilation.

The plinth tape is covered with a roll waterproofing material, and a support board is laid on it. The assembly of the log house is carried out using interventional insulation.

Since the package lumber is light, it is much more convenient to work with it than with ordinary glued lumber.

Pouring concrete into fixed formwork

Laying the base board

STEP 2 - assembling the log house

The assembly of the log house takes place most in a simple way- end-to-end, without cutting complex cups and outlets. The corners are fastened with dowels through 3-5 crowns and pulled together with pins. To protect against blowing, the timber has a double thorn-groove lock. The pictures show that instead of glue, special ties were used in the manufacture of timber.

It looks like a package beam

Butt assembly

STEP 3 - full factory readiness

Window and door openings are cut at the factory. A stacked beam arrives at the construction site, marked for trimming in accordance with a computer-optimized cutting map (waste is no more than 10%), which is assembled in accordance with the “order”.

Floor beams cut into the walls, and the assembly of the attic floor begins.

Windows cut at the factory

Floor beams are mounted using metal fasteners

Beginning of the assembly of the attic floor

STEP 4 - warming the log house

After the assembly of the log house is completed, a heater is poured into the cavity of the package beam - foamed glass, ecowool or ordinary expanded clay. Insulation is used to ensure that air does not mix in the cavities.

Backfilling of insulation in the cavity of the stacked timber

Laying interventional sealant

STEP 5 - rafter system

Gables are trimmed. Then it is laid and fastened with Mauerlat anchors. The truss system is installed. For the sake of a more rigid fastening, special plates are used as fasteners.

Rafter system installed

STEP 6 - secure footing

Mounted supporting pillars and terrace beams. Then window and door frames("pigtail") according to a floating scheme that takes into account shrinkage.

support poles

STEP 7 - roof insulation

Installation of the insulated ventilated roof is carried out "from the bottom up". First of all, a waterproofing film is sewn to the rafters from below, the task of which is to prevent water vapor from entering the insulation from heated rooms.

Insulation is laid in the space between the rafters, which is covered from above with a diffusion membrane that allows water vapor to pass through, but retains water. A ventilation gap is formed on top of the membrane, and a crate is hemmed on top, on which OSB sheets are laid - a lining for soft tiles.

The insulation is covered with a diffusion membrane

OSB sheets stacked

STEP 8 - start finishing work

Roofing material is laid - soft shingles, and immediately mounted drainage system. Draft floors are laid in the house, draft ceilings are hemmed. Laid hidden engineering Communication. The floor and ceilings are insulated.

The house is being painted outside. The openings are still covered with a film so that there are no drafts inside and a stable temperature and humidity regime is established. Fences and railings are installed on the balcony and terrace.

Floor insulation

Fences installed

STEP 9 - interior decoration

The walls and partitions inside the house are sheathed with decorative boards. The finishing floor is laid, the ceiling is sheathed. On the inner balcony railings and balustrades are installed. Windows are inserted, doors are hung, platbands are nailed and painted. Roof overhangs are hemmed; at the same time, it must be remembered that in the ventilation gap under roofing material air circulated freely. A deck board is laid on the terrace and balcony.

Let's start right away with determining the true state of affairs. A combined insulated timber is not a timber - it is, simply put, two or more boards with insulation between them, resulting in a puff cake that looks like a timber. That's all.

By and large, buildings from it are an analogue of prefabricated panel buildings, in which there is a quite decent and beautiful outer shell, insulation in one or more layers, vapor protection, and no less durable and environmentally friendly the inner layer. Sandwich technology in modern construction, this instruction is devoted to it.

About types and materials

Type of heater:

• Polyurethane foam, a material in which positive sides balanced with negatives. Judge for yourself, the insulation practically creates a monolith, which eliminates the formation of cold bridges, and, consequently, heat loss, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is low, which allows you to create a reliable thermos - warm house. And let's not forget about reverse side medals: PPU does not let steam through, and therefore requires additional ventilation and not just passive, but supply and exhaust;
• Ecowool with special impregnations , cheap and with good thermal insulation, but you can’t lay it with your own hands, special units are required, and it is also necessary to provide protection from mice and other rodents, this is especially true during construction country houses or non-residential buildings.

According to the design of the "layer cake":

• Single chamber product. These are two boards, in the middle there is a heater, for the strength of the whole structure, the insulated glued beam has jumpers from the same board with a step of half a meter, the voids are filled with a heater;
• In the package analogue, the number of layers is greater and the cells are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, which completely eliminates the possibility of the formation of cold bridges. The price of bags will be somewhat higher than that of single-chamber counterparts, although the choice of insulation will also play an important role in pricing.

What is good, and is it necessary

Initially, the good message of the developers was understandable and justified enough.

The main objectives of the invention of these bars were:

• Reducing the cost of building houses or other structures;
• Acceleration of the laying process, and, consequently, the deadlines for the completion of the object;
• Obtaining a finished, insulated puff with preservation appearance the entire building;
• Ample opportunities for architectural fantasies.

Well, now let's compare and think:

• Yes, indeed, glued laminated timber is much warmer than its predecessor and is unlikely to need additional thermal insulation. But do not forget that under the influence of temporary and various external factors heaters can lose their properties, but replacing it becomes a very problematic issue, because, in fact, it is necessary to sort out the whole house;
• The appearance of the buildings, of course, will be on top, outdoor board is chosen in such a way that neither its structure nor its quality;
• The material itself is light, lighter than a conventional designer. This allows you to save on two things: on the construction of the foundation, you can abandon the heavy strip foundation and use metal piles with a monolithic grillage, as well as at the speed of building a structure;
• Although the economic aspect is in last place in our hit parade, it does not take the last place in the general comparative calculations. Given the real savings on the foundation + no need for additional insulation, a house made of insulated timber will be cheaper than its monolithic counterpart.

And yet the traditional fly in the ointment:

• Houses made of insulated glued beams are classified as "non-breathing", since they will not let steam through;
• The second aspect, which cannot be called pleasant, is the quality of the products themselves. Often, in a batch of goods, it is necessary to carry out a piece-by-piece check of products.

Construction - high quality and fast

Houses made of insulated timber are really assembled as constructors, and although there is no single assembly standard, a house for 120 square meters, turnkey, realistically assembled in a month and a half.

The assembly itself takes place in several stages:

1. The first stage is the foundation. We have already mentioned the type of foundation, but the fact is that we have not made an amendment to the project. It all depends on whether you will make a cellar, underground parking or not, what is the condition of the soil and the level of groundwater.

For each of the proposed tasks, there is independent decision. The pile option was proposed as an alternative in the absence of underground facilities, however, this does not prevent you from building a tape monolith or installing reinforced concrete blocks as a foundation underground garage. A house with a relatively light cube of material will weigh no more than 300 kg, so the foundation can also be used lightweight.

1. Stage two laying the first bars and docking. If the grillage is set according to all the rules, then it is enough to lay the insulation and set the timber with the smooth side down, securing it with special studs. The laying of subsequent layers and the fastening of the bars to each other occurs with the help of dowels, while fixing is carried out in increments of 50 cm to 1 m, height up to 5 levels.

Advice! Laying interventional insulation is required, since internal insulation guarantees protection only in its sector.

1. The third stage is no less important than the previous two, this is the installation of a screed on the crowns of the bars. For these purposes, a strap tape is used that operates in the temperature range from -60 to +80 degrees Celsius, which is quite elastic (under the influence of temperatures it can stretch by 15%, with a subsequent return to the original source).

In addition, the product absolutely does not respond to sunlight, aggression environment. This tape avoids additional processing package and thus reduce the cost of the entire building.

Interesting to know! Initially, the puff consisted of two boards 40 mm wide and with a gap between them of the same thickness, the total value of the product was 120 mm (that is, the parameter standard timber). Currently, products have appeared on the market in which the thickness of the cavities has increased from 40 to 100 mm, while the well-proven mineral wool with various impregnations.

Considering the total number of layers, the location of the chambers with insulation at the output, a sufficiently warm beam up to 430 mm is obtained, capable of erecting a warm structure in almost any climate zone. The buyer is the owner double benefit: the first - we have a serious insulated wall beam, the second - the price is acceptable.

1. Fourth stage - installation of doors and windows. There are several options for the development of events. The first option is to install openings for standard doors and windows. The second option is to ignore the standards, and proceed from personal tastes and expediency.

Both the first and second options are possible with such construction. The openings between the beams are closed with special furniture boards, which are impregnated and guaranteed to stand without deformation until the installation of windows and doors. Which, by the way, can be installed immediately after covering the structure with a roof.

1. Fifth stage - work with overlaps. In this case, we mean floors and ceilings. Most best option for the floors reinforced screed concrete. This is a guarantee of evenness, and support, and protection from rodents.

Already on this pillow, you can lay beams in increments of 40 to 60 cm and lay rough and finishing floors, with a sufficient width of the screed, you can think of a system of underfloor heating, laying insulation and any coating, from parquet to laminate, linoleum and other materials.

For fixing the structure of the roof and ceiling in top floor a bar with a section of 200x100 mm is used. How to insulate the ceiling and what material to arrange - decide for yourself, both drywall and plywood are suitable here and decorative ceilings, including stretch, insulation of ceilings is required.

1. Sixth stage - installation of the roof. How do you see an insulated house made of timber, with flat roof or tent, with one slope or several, all this can be done. The roof is installed in the same way as in any other house.

What do manufacturers promise?

And they promise 50 years of a calm and carefree life, which is a lot for such a house, but besides this, the following positions are stated:

• In such houses it is warm in winter and comfortable in summer;
• Promised savings in energy and financial costs for heating (figures from 70% and above sound, but if real savings is 50% is already good);
• The board is not subject to deformation and drying out. She passed chamber drying and processing with special compounds;
• Projects of houses from the warmed bar have no borders. Any options are allowed;
• The construction of the structure is faster than even the usual wooden house(which will still need to be insulated);
• This development allows you to save wood, and, consequently, reduce the cost of products and reduce the cost of construction.

Finally