Those conditions for houses made of glued laminated timber. Finnish houses made of glued laminated timber: the main advantages

Assembling a set of glued beams is one of the most important stages in the construction of a wooden house. In order to comply with the technology and obtain the declared performance characteristics of the house, it is necessary to strictly observe and fulfill the conditions specified in the architectural plan. The second important factor is the high qualification of the builders and the experience in building a house frame from glued beams.

In this article, you will learn about the basic processes for building a house from glued beams.

Delivery of timber to the object

The beam is delivered to the construction site in pallets packed in a sealed film to protect against external influences during delivery and unloading, which is carried out only on soft slings. Unloading and storage of timber on the site takes place at a pre-planned stage organization of the construction process (OSB) place, so that it is more convenient to apply during installation. The entire set of building material is supplied only with the mandatory accompanying documentation, which greatly facilitates subsequent assembly.

Photo - unloading timber on soft slings

The procedure for assembling walls from glued beams

The first stage of the beginning of the assembly of the walls of the house depends on the foundation on which the walls are mounted.

On a pile-screw foundation, work begins with the installation of the so-called "strapping beam" , which is attached to the heads of screw piles through a waterproofing material. Further, the first crown of the wall profiled glued beam is laid on the strapping beam.

Photo - an example of the assembly of glued laminated timber on a pile-screw foundation
The lower crown is a strapping profiled beam.

On reinforced concrete foundations, after the mandatory installation of waterproofing, it is mounted lining board from larch with which the installation of the first crown of the box at home begins.

Photo - lining (starting) larch board on the foundation

For the correct and trouble-free assembly of walls from glued beams, the foundation must be poured within the horizontal tolerance. The customer can always understand the quality of the starting board by the absence of any cracks and gaps that are not allowed in construction.

Photo - the quality of laying the lining board on the slab foundation

The subsequent assembly of the walls of the house from glued beams is carried out typically, regardless of the foundation. After installing the lining board, the first crown of the house is installed. In the cuts of the house (corner joints), in the door and window openings, a hairpin is mounted, which runs from the first to the last crown of the box of the house, growing every meter through the coupling. The hairpin pulls the beam together in significant places.

Photo - installation of the first crowns on a slab foundation

Photo - insulation Shelter for insulation in cups

Photo - overcut cup wrapped with Shelter insulation

After preparation, the finished part with insulation in cups is fed by a crane to the assembly site. To move the beam, slings and special mounting hooks are used, which are screwed into the beam.

Photo - special fasteners are used to feed the timber

Photo - supply by crane of a part of a house kit to the place of assembly

The crucial stage of the assembly is the fitting of the part into the cups. Installation is carried out in such a way as not to damage the corner parts of the timber. This requires high qualifications from specialists in the assembly of houses from glued beams.

Photo - "landing" of timber in cups

According to the technological process of assembling the box at home, after laying the timber in the design position, each crown is attracted to the lower one with the help of special screws for wooden structures - Shpaks. .

Photo - high-quality fit of glued laminated timber

Depending on the architectural solution of the project, some parts of the house kit (for example, a balustrade, poles, other elements of balconies) can be painted at the factory and brought to the site ready for installation. .

Photo - parts pre-painted at the factory

We took care of the subsequent painting of the house. Details that need to be mounted before the start of the general painting are covered with a special film from damage until the complete assembly of the walls of the house is completed.

Photo - mounted balcony balusters

The upper crowns in the house are mounted using a special so-called "Power Knot" and "Power Knot 2". The nodes of force allow the upper rims of the beam to be pulled together, pressing them as much as possible to each other, thereby achieving a uniform adjoining of the beam over the entire plane.
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Construction all year round

Glued laminated timber walls can be assembled regardless of the season. The main condition is the absence of precipitation (rain in summer, snow in winter). If during the assembly of the box at home a prolonged bad weather begins, work is suspended, the timber is covered with waterproof material around the entire perimeter.

Photo - sheltering the profile from precipitation

Photo - sheltering the beam profile from snow

Conclusion

Only if all the rules are observed at the construction stages, with the participation of experienced and qualified personnel, it can be guaranteed that the assembly of the stand at home will be completed quickly, efficiently and without errors.

In order to achieve an ideal result when assembling walls from glued laminated timber, mandatory preliminary work must be carried out.

Stages before the start of the assembly of walls:

• Design - Architectural and planning;
• Design - Design documentation (CD);
• Production of a house kit (its quality control at all stages);
• Organization of the construction site and the construction process.

How we assemble walls from glued beams at a speed of up to 35 m3 per shift and guarantee high quality standards:

• Professional architects and designers with more than 6 years of experience in designing wooden houses;
• Knowledge of equipment features and production capabilities of the leading glued laminated veneer lumber companies operating in the market.
• Maximum quality control performance characteristics of glued laminated timber and own specifications for manufacturers;
• Professional and experienced installers for the assembly of house kits.

In this article, we talked about only one, but an important stage in the construction of a glued beam house and touched on important aspects of wall assembly. To make the construction of a house from glued laminated timber more understandable and predictable, read the articles in which we will talk about other equally significant and interesting stages.

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Wood is one of the oldest and most widely used building materials. For the construction of some buildings, simple logs are not suitable, so they were previously replaced by various other materials. However, as soon as such a material as glued laminated timber was discovered, it became quite possible to build even quite complex structures from wood.

A house made of glued laminated timber has many advantages. The main ones are the speed and excellent speed of construction, as well as high strength and the finished house. In order to independently build a house from glued laminated timber, you need to thoroughly understand all the nuances of such construction.

Construction of a foundation for a house made of glued laminated timber

Tools necessary for work: hammer, screwdriver, level and tape measure, drill.

The process of building a house from glued laminated timber with your own hands begins with the construction of the base. However, before proceeding with this work, you need to prepare the following tools:

• gasoline or electric saw;
• screwdriver;
• a hammer;
• axe;
• perforator;
• drill;
• nails and screws;
• level and tape measure;
• shovels;
• concrete mixer.

It is best to build a house with your own hands on a shallow strip foundation. First, the markup is done. In one of the corners you need to drive in a wooden stake, then take a right triangle and determine the direction in which you will need to pull 2 ​​threads, with which the sides of the future foundation for a house made of glued laminated timber will be marked with your own hands.

Measure the required distance and drive in the second peg. Go back to the first one and pull on a new thread that will show another side of the base. Mark all other sides of the structure in the same way. Be sure to check the correctness of the markup. To do this, stretch the diagonals and measure their lengths. If they are the same, then the markup is correct.

Next, you will need to mark a square near each driven peg on the inside. Usually squares with a side of 0.5 m are marked. Drive pegs into the corners of the resulting square and pull the rope between them. This will indicate the internal contour of the base for a house made of glued laminated timber with your own hands.

When the markup is ready, dig a trench. Deepen it by about 0.5 m. Check the uniformity of the bottom of the excavated pit. Eliminate existing gaps. Pour a layer of sand 10-15 cm thick on the bottom of the pit. Carefully level it and compact it.

Make a frame from reinforcing bars. Drop it into the hole. In the middle, as well as in the corners of the pit, linings for the frame should be installed. They can be made from broken and unnecessary bricks. After that, you will need to make do-it-yourself shields for the basement of the future house from glued laminated timber. Use boards 2.5x15 cm for this, moisture-resistant plywood is also suitable.

Ventilation products must be installed in the walls of the base, thanks to which the underground will remain dry. Take a piece of timber, isolate it with roofing material, and then squeeze it between the shields. Wait until the foundation for the house of glued laminated timber hardens with your own hands, and knock out these blanks.

For pouring, a standard solution is prepared from 1 part of cement, 3 parts of sand, water and 5 parts of gravel or crushed stone.

The solution must be poured in uniform layers. Watch the integrity of the shields. Each poured layer must be compacted with a vibrator. Leave the poured foundation for about a month so that it gains strength.

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Crown laying guide

First of all, you will need to ensure reliable moisture protection of the lower trim from the foundation of the house from glued burs with your own hands. To do this, cover the entire surface of the base with several layers of roofing material. You can coat it with bituminous mastic, and lay a waterproofing layer on it.

Lay the strapping beams in place in accordance with the drawing of your house from glued laminated timber with your own hands. Joining beams can be done in several different ways.

To connect the first crowns to the base, use metal studs or crutches. Drill at least 2 through holes in the beam. Each of them should have a diameter of about 1 cm. Go deep into the foundation of your future home from glued laminated timber with your own hands by about 5-10 cm. Remove the beam, drive a wooden cork into the resulting hole, return the beam to its place, drive in a crutch or a hairpin. The starting row is covered with thermal insulation (usually tow or jute is used). On top of the thermal insulation, the next row of beams is arranged.

For the most reliable connection of the beams with each other, you need to use wooden dowels. At the joints or next to them, make holes with a diameter of about 4 cm and a depth equal to 1.5 beams. The dowel should be 1-2 mm larger than the hole diameter, and its length 40-50 mm less than the hole depth. Drive in the dowel and additionally finish it on top so that it deepens.

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Step by step instructions for building a floor

When building a house from glued laminated timber with your own hands, the method of building a floor on supporting pillars is most often used. This is one of the simplest and most effective solutions.

First, the ground for the supporting posts is taken out. To do this, you need to dig a hole with sides of the order of 40-50 cm and depths of half a meter. The distance between the posts is 70-80 cm. Pour 10 cm of sand and the same layer of gravel into the pits. Thoroughly tamp the backfill. After that, a reinforcing frame should be made for the base of the support column, lowered inward and poured with concrete mortar.

Wait for the concrete to gain strength, and you can make brickwork. In the event that the supporting posts are higher than 25 cm, the laying is done in 2 bricks. If their height is less, 1.5 bricks will be enough. The top of the columns is covered with thermal insulation.

Lay the beams on the prepared posts. Put lags on them. This method requires a fairly large consumption of lumber, but the finished floor of the house can normally withstand high loads and nothing will have to be glued additionally. Use self-tapping screws to connect the beams.

Inside, between the lags, it is necessary to lay a rough roll. It is fastened to the lags with the help of metal corners. For the manufacture of rolling, use moisture resistant plywood. Between the reel and the lags, waterproofing material should be laid. Bring the edges of the insulation around the perimeter up. The film is overlapped. Glue the joints with tape. Lay the insulation material inside and lay the subfloor. The topcoat is not applied at this stage. This will be done in the process of finishing the finished house from glued laminated timber with your own hands.

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How to build walls?

At this point, you will need to find at least 3 helpers. Thermal insulation is laid over the crowns and the first row of beams is installed. Use nails to temporarily fix each beam. They need to be driven into the ends on both sides. Take a drill and make holes for the dowels. Drive in pins.

Watch the level of verticality and horizontality of the walls. After the wall box is completely ready, it is covered with floor beams. Install the beams, mark the places for their installation. Remove the beams to the side, make cuts in half of the timber in the previously marked places and lower the floor beams into them. Check the horizontalness of their installation with a building level. If several floors are planned for your house made of glued laminated timber with your own hands, continue to build walls using the same technology. After all the walls and ceilings are ready, proceed to the manufacture of a truss structure for the roof of your house from glued laminated timber.

The rapid development of building technologies and the lightning-fast filling of the market with a large number of the latest building materials have led to a completely justified popularization of environmentally friendly raw materials used for the production of building products. In this regard, the popularity of houses built from environmentally friendly materials has also grown exponentially. This phenomenon has not bypassed prefabricated houses made of glued laminated timber, built in accordance with the basic provisions of Finnish technology. They were soon appreciated by the developers, due not only to their interesting appearance, but also to the mass of undeniable advantages. A one-story house made of glued laminated timber, built according to Finnish technology, has become the epitome of internal comfort and high environmental friendliness, which was achieved through the use of natural materials. What are the features of glued laminated timber? Why are developers increasingly using treated wood, and especially glued laminated timber, as a building material? You will find answers to these and other questions related to the construction of Finnish houses from glued laminated timber in this article.

The use of glued beams: a brief excursion into history

The historical roots of glued beams go back to antiquity, approximately the ΧΙΙ century. It was at this time that Japanese archers in the manufacture of weapons began to practice the use of bamboo and wood, the components of which they glued together. Subsequently, this principle, which implies the use of glued wooden structures fastened with staples or wedges, attracted European architects, and therefore, they somewhat modified this technology and began to use it in the construction of houses. Russian masters of wooden architecture also liked this technique of erecting architectural buildings. Despite the fact that the Japanese became the progenitors of this technology, it was only in the middle of the ΧΙΧ century that the German carpenter Otto Hetzer managed to officially patent it, who introduced this technology to the world as part of the construction of bent glued trusses made of two or more lamellas.

Modern high-tech timber, made of condo pine, was first introduced by Finland in the late 70s of the last century, and, despite the fact that it was not so long ago, it is rightfully considered its homeland. After all, it was thanks to the Finns, who use high-tech equipment in the production of glued laminated timber, that this material entered the construction market, where its undeniable advantages allowed it to prove itself from the best side. At the end of the ΧΧ century, Finnish construction companies relied on the development of wooden housing construction, and despite the fact that wood has a lot of advantages, they faced inevitable problems, such as:

• Cracking of the surface part of the logs during the drying process;
• Twisting and deformation of logs.

Turning to the centuries-old experience of their ancestors, as well as using modern technical and scientific achievements, they were able to revive wooden housing construction, making it the national brand of Finland.

Houses from glued beams photo

Technological features of real Finnish wood

Traditional Finnish glued laminated timber is made from coniferous wood grown specifically for its production. In this regard, it is characterized by a number of features that are not characteristic of classical material. Let's see what they are:

• The highest strength and frost resistance, due to the fact that the tree is grown in northern countries;
• The strength and low thermal conductivity of the timber, which determine the ability of the material to accumulate heat for a long time, are achieved by competent Finns by gluing wood fibers in different directions;
• Due to the correct distribution of building glue in the wood structure and the optimal thickness of the lamellas, it does not clog it completely, allowing it to "breathe", which cannot but affect the quality of the finished structure;

• In the production of timber, the Finns use trees only with powerful trunks of the same thickness and devoid of delaminations, which can always be seen by evaluating the color of the lamellae, it will always be the same;
• Processing glued laminated timber with flame retardants makes it resistant to fire and decay, as well as damage by various rodents, insects and mold;
• The stability of the geometric shape of the glued laminated timber and the resistance to delamination is also achieved through the use of sawn timber of the same configuration. The use of wood of the same species ensures the same moisture content of the building material, and therefore, it is not afraid of shrinkage and deformation;

Finnish houses made of glued laminated timber: the main advantages

Not a single type of capital construction can boast of the advantages characteristic of Finnish houses made of glued laminated timber. What are they?

Use of lightweight building materials. The construction technology of Finnish houses involves the use of lightweight building materials, which do not require powerful lifting special equipment to move. Due to this, two or even one worker can carry out the construction of houses from glued laminated timber, and therefore, it becomes possible to use the foundation on screw piles and shallow tape structures, which makes the process of building housing less expensive;

Significant reduction in construction time. Unlike the construction of block or brick buildings, which lasts at least two years, the construction of houses using Finnish technology can be completed in two months, due to the use of simplified methods for assembling the structure. Since the construction process does not involve "wet" operations involving the use of water, the construction of Finnish houses can be carried out at any time of the year;

Simplified Assembly Technologies. Architectural projects of Finnish houses involve fitting all the details of the structure directly at the enterprise, while the construction site is just a place for assembling a finished “constructor” - this is how many builders speak of a Finnish house. At all stages of the construction of a Finnish house, any amendments can be made to its project, which are implemented with virtually no additional costs and time delays;

Universality of designs - the key to ease of repair. Due to the availability of all components of the Finnish structure, in case of damage, repair measures will not be difficult. If it becomes necessary to redevelop the building and make changes to the original construction project, you can do it yourself;

Ease of finishing or even its absence. Frame buildings built according to Finnish technology are characterized by absolutely flat surfaces that practically do not need interior decoration.

The nature of the soil is not the main thing. In the process of building a Finnish house, you may not think about the type of soil on which the construction will be carried out, and the proximity of groundwater. The nature of the soil in this case does not matter, since the foundation does not need long-term shrinkage, and the building material of Finnish origin is not afraid of high humidity. In this regard, you can carry out construction on soil dominated by sand, as well as in the case of surface groundwater;

High heat and sound insulation characteristics. This is due to the construction of Finnish frame structures made of wood, characterized by low thermal conductivity, as well as the use of high-quality insulation, which makes the house always warm in winter and cool in summer. In addition to thermal insulation characteristics, glued laminated timber has high soundproof properties, and the additional use of sound-absorbing fabric completely prevents the penetration of external sounds;

Long service life. It's no secret that wooden houses cannot boast of long-term operation. However, this does not apply to the legendary Finnish houses. Due to the treatment of wood with special compounds that prevent the material from deforming, delamination and drying out, as well as increasing its resistance to various kinds of biological agents, the service life of a structure made of Finnish glued laminated timber often corresponds to that of stone structures;

Environmental friendliness and high aesthetic characteristics. Houses made of glued beams are characterized by high environmental friendliness, and the smell of freshly cut wood does not disappear in the house. Such buildings are not only not capable of releasing harmful substances into the environment, and moreover, wood, constantly emitting phytoncides - antiseptics of plant origin, contributes to the improvement of the person in this room. And the fact that these buildings can not only become a masterpiece of wooden architecture, but also fit perfectly into the landscape of any site is not even worth mentioning, since this is obvious.

What else do you need to know about Finnish houses made of glued laminated timber?

• Finnish houses are characterized by an area not exceeding 250 square meters. m, which is considered the most comfortable for human habitation, since the construction of houses with a larger area will entail an unjustified increase in material costs;

• Houses from Finnish glued laminated timber are built using timber with a cross section of more than 22 cm. However, it is important to assemble as carefully as possible to prevent the formation of cracks;
• If the Finns build a house, they always provide a place for building a sauna, without which it is difficult to imagine a true citizen of Finland. The construction of many utility rooms is another sign of Finns building a house;

• A distinctive feature of Finnish houses are spacious rooms - a bedroom, a kitchen, a living room. There are no massive partitions between them, which contributes to the formation of a feeling of boundless space;
• The maximum illumination of the building is achieved due to the large area of ​​​​glazing;
• Despite the fact that this feature is often neglected in Russia, the traditional Finnish house is a one-story building, often equipped with an attic. The presence of two moves is a prerequisite;
• The use of glued laminated timber allows you to achieve the maximum vertical orientation of the corners.

Construction of houses from glued beams using Finnish technology: a step-by-step guide

The construction of any house is a long and very costly process, but when it comes to building a turnkey Finnish house, everything happens exactly the opposite. If you chose this option, the construction company will take care of all the hardships of building a house: from developing a project for a Finnish house from glued laminated timber to pouring the foundation and cosmetic finishing of the building. This option is considered one of the most expensive for the customer. The most economical option is to purchase a ready-made kit. It is a so-called "Lego constructor", that is, a prefabricated structure that includes ready-made elements, which is mounted directly at the assembly site. If you have the appropriate knowledge and tools, you can build such a house yourself.

Important! In the construction market, you can find ready-made kits of domestic production, which, despite apparent similarities, are characterized by a significantly lower quality, which is due to the production from local raw materials.

If the process of building a Finnish house is presented in general terms, it will look like this:

• foundation pouring;
• Mounting and installation of crowns made of glued beams;
• Installation of flooring and floor beams;
• Construction of walls from glued beams;
• Installation activities for the construction of the truss system and the arrangement of the roof;
• Implementation of exterior and interior decoration.

Construction of a house from Finnish glued laminated timber: preparatory measures

The preparatory activities are as follows:

First of all, it is necessary to obtain a building permit, and after the project is approved, proceed to site preparation, which includes:

The implementation of geological exploration, which consists in taking soil samples and the subsequent determination of the depth of groundwater. After carrying out these activities, you can easily identify problem areas on the site and bypass them when building a foundation;

Next, it is necessary to clear the site of various debris and vegetation, after which the construction site is leveled and, if necessary, work is carried out to drain the area. Then it is recommended to supply electricity and other engineering networks.

Foundation construction: a step-by-step guide

The first stage after the implementation of the preparatory work is the arrangement of the foundation for the house of glued beams. Due to the lightness of glued beams, experts recommend abandoning the pouring of a powerful foundation and giving preference to a strip or column foundation, which will significantly save on construction. In addition, time costs will be reduced, since the construction of a more common strip foundation takes no more than three weeks.

Before proceeding with the arrangement of the foundation, at the site of its construction, using special equipment, the top layer of soil is removed, the depth of which must be at least 15 cm. Then the foundation is marked, for which pegs are driven into the ground on the sides of the structure and a rope is pulled between them. This allows you to create a well-defined foundation scheme. The direct construction of the strip foundation begins with digging a trench, for which you will also have to resort to the help of special equipment, and this time it will be an excavator. If you plan to equip a shallow foundation, then the depth of the trench should be 0.5 -0.7 meters, if buried, then the numbers increase to 1.5-2 meters. After you have dug the pit, make its edges sheer, which will prevent the earth from crumbling.

Further, the place of direct arrangement of the foundation should be strengthened. For these purposes, sand is poured into the bottom of the pit with a layer of at least 10 cm, and it is compacted until shrinkage stops. A layer of crushed stone 5 cm thick is poured onto a layer of sand and compacted in a similar way. An impromptu "pillow" is poured with concrete mortar, the layer of which is from 5 to 10 cm. This is how the screed is arranged.

After 48 hours (the time of complete solidification of concrete), they begin to arrange the formwork, for the manufacture of which boards or plywood will be required. The formwork is made along the entire perimeter of the foundation and supported by wooden beams.

Reinforcing blocks are laid on a previously equipped substrate, each of which is fastened together. At the junctions and at the corners, the mesh should be slightly thicker. The use of reinforcement in the construction of the foundation will significantly strengthen and strengthen the foundation.

Then the formwork is poured with water and poured with a 25-cm layer of concrete, after which it is also compacted and the surface is leveled. After carrying out the work, the concrete is covered with a film and left until the concrete has completely solidified, which requires at least a month.

Technical features of assembling a house from glued laminated timber

Before proceeding with the assembly of the structure, order a glued beam made in accordance with the project of a Finnish house, as well as floor logs and roof components made of wood - a crate, a ridge, and rafters. Get all the necessary tools and supplies. Stock up on means for bio- and fire protection of wood.

Before you receive the ordered products, prepare a site for its storage (most often the construction site itself acts as its role). Unloading is carried out taking into account the construction of the house, and therefore, the timber is laid on the side of its installation.

The sequence of assembling a Finnish house from glued laminated timber:

A waterproofing material is laid directly on the foundation (most often it is roofing material). A lining board with a thickness of at least 55 mm is laid on it, pre-treated with bituminous mastic, which protects the structure from the damaging effects of moisture in its lower part.

In accordance with the beam plan, the first row of glued beams is assembled. At the same time, heat-insulating material (most often it is jute) is placed in the groove, after which the second row is laid and assembled. This is how all the crowns are further assembled.

Technical features

An integral element of the structure are wooden dowels, if properly installed, the structure acquires the necessary strength.

Important! The installation of the dowels is carried out so that they are at a distance of 0.7-1.5 meters from each other and are inserted into every third beam in such a way that they fasten the house, which will prevent the occurrence of distortions. The installation of dowels is carried out in the protruding part of the crowns, which is due to their greatest susceptibility to twisting.

The shape of the roof, as well as the roofing material, you can choose at your discretion. In most cases, these issues are resolved at the design stage. Roof repairs can take up to two weeks. The final stage of the assembly is the arrangement of the rough and finished floor, the technology of which also depends on your preferences.

At the end of the work, the installation of electrical wiring, water supply, sewerage and heating systems, as well as the installation of windows and doors, are carried out.

Glulam houses video

Since ancient times, wood has been the most popular building material. It was used in almost any area where something needed to be built. But in some cases, for special architectural ideas, ordinary logs cannot be used. You have to use other materials. After the advent of glued beams, it became possible to build buildings of complex construction entirely from wood.

With such construction, it is required that the technology for building a house from glued beams is carried out very carefully and carefully. When a house is built, the best and highest quality materials are selected for it.

Natural materials that meet the basic requirements are becoming preferred. They must be durable, reliable and match the external design. The recently developed technology for building a house from glued laminated timber has revived the lost interest in building wooden houses. Indeed, recently houses made of bricks have become very fashionable.

The project and its features

Every construction always starts with a design. The construction of houses from glued beams is no exception. A special computer program will allow you to carry out independent development and design of a house from glued laminated timber. Of course, for such work you will need certain knowledge. When developing documentation and drawings of a glued beam house, it is required to prepare:

1. Foundation plan. A drawing of the foundation is being developed, which indicates its type, the depth of the trench, the materials used, and so on.
2. Plan of floor beams. The type of support beams will depend on the type of foundation chosen. For this, a special drawing is made, which will become the basis for the future construction of the floor.
3. Floor plan of the building. Such documentation is considered the most time-consuming in the development of the plan. On the drawing it is necessary to show the places where they will be located: windows, doors, walls, internal partitions.
4. For each part, all overall dimensions must be indicated. In addition, it is desirable that the completed drawing shows the location of the fireplace and the connections of all utilities.
5. Razbrusovka. When designing, the drawing shows a section of the house wall. In accordance with these drawings, the preparation of glued beams is carried out. This process is the most time-consuming, it needs to pay special attention. I must say that this is the most difficult design point. When the spreading technology is developed, the walls of the future building are drawn, an axial section is made, all the details of the wall are shown, its connection with other walls. In the final form of the distribution of houses from glued beams, a drawing is made of each detail of the wall. All major dimensions, hole diameters, cutouts and cups are shown.
6. Numbering. Each project gives all elements an individual number, with which it can be easily identified in the future.

Benefits of a glued beam house

Positive qualities are provided by the technology of manufacturing glued laminated timber. It is first cleaned, all knots removed, then sorted according to texture and color shades. This technology allows you to get a great look:

1. Dimensional stability. Glued wood is able to maintain its dimensions. It does not change shape after years of use. Houses made of glued laminated timber do not shrink, as the timber does not twist and does not begin to bend over time. The reason for such properties is the absence of internal stresses and ideally dried raw materials.
2. Strength. Solid wood in this matter is much inferior to glued wood. Its strength is half that of glued beams. Therefore, such a beam began to be used in the latest wooden housing construction. The characteristics of houses made of glued beams meet the requirements of building technology.

Thermal properties of a house made of glued laminated timber

It has long been known that any wooden house is warm. Excellent thermal performance makes it possible to save on the purchase of expensive heating equipment and fuel. To heat houses made of glued laminated timber, ten times less fuel is required when compared with a house built of bricks.

The time for the construction of such houses is much less than the time required for the construction of the same building if raw wood is used. This became possible due to the fact that glued beams are manufactured at the factory with precise dimensions and good drying. The design of the house is assembled very quickly, installation is not particularly difficult. After laying the foundation, the assembly of the house lasts approximately 5 weeks.

A lot of space is given to warming the house. In ordinary wooden houses, seams remain, which are very difficult to seal. With houses made of glued laminated timber, everything is much simpler. During assembly, the bars are precisely adjusted in size, so it is not necessary to install additional insulation to close the grooves. It should be noted that the design of such bars protects its middle from water. Such a house is never affected by rot.

Individual logs are very difficult to finish even with excellent fit. The walls still remain uneven, the finishing process is much more complicated. Glued laminated timber walls are very even, the surface is completely smooth. Such a wall looks like a monolith. It is not necessary to finish these walls from the outside.

The nuances of construction from glued beams

Every home starts with a foundation. For glued beams, a tape version is used. Such a foundation must necessarily have a well-ventilated space (directly under the house). Therefore, special vents are provided in this foundation, due to which the underground is ventilated. For each part of the strip foundation, there must be two air vents.

At the first stage, the dimensions of the strip foundation are determined.

A one-story house made of glued laminated timber usually has a foundation poured to a depth of 800 mm. Its width reaches 500 mm. 15 cm of the dug trench is covered with sand, which must be compacted.

After the foundation work is completed, all construction is carried out according to the classical system:

• a reinforcing cage is made;
• formwork is mounted;
• concrete is being poured.

The formwork should rise above the ground by about 300 mm. Before pouring concrete, it is required to prepare ventilation holes in advance. For this purpose, mortgages are inserted in the right places, which are subsequently knocked out. You can, of course, do without the device of mortgages. It is possible to make holes using a puncher. However, such work is rather complicated and time-consuming. Exactly a month waiting for the foundation to dry.

The second step of construction is the installation of crowns. Before this operation, the foundation is covered with waterproofing material. First, the entire surface is smeared with bituminous mastic, and then several layers of roofing material are placed.

On the insulation made, the crown is installed, which is a beam that fits directly onto the foundation. First, the bottom trim is made. Together with it, sex logs are placed, after which the installation of the first crown is performed. This structural element is laid along partitions: it is installed together with load-bearing walls.

After completion of work with the crown, the construction of the walls begins. In this case, the installation of a house from glued laminated timber is similar to the assembly of a designer. The beams are fastened with spikes, which are driven into pre-prepared holes. In this work, much attention is paid to when ligation of corners is performed.

Final moments of construction

One of the penultimate steps in the construction of houses from glued beams is the installation of the roof. Its installation is similar in complexity to the construction of walls. As mentioned above, such houses are built according to a special project in the factory. They are brought to the construction site in the form of finished parts that need only be assembled.

One of these details is the roof. In this regard, its installation requires only the correct fastening of the necessary elements in specific places. Basically, these houses have a roof made of colored flexible tiles. I must say that only the roofing material in this case is not made of wood.

The final operation of building a house from glued laminated timber requires only finishing the surface of the floor and walls. The most important work during this technological operation is the manufacture of the floor. Usually this is a multi-layer structure, under which moisture-resistant plywood is placed. A special decorative coating is mounted on top of it. Both of these layers are separated by a reinforced screed, sometimes a strong boardwalk is laid.

Wall surfaces inside the house are most often made of wood, but decorating with other types of materials will also look good.

Against the background of other wood building materials for the construction of house walls, glued laminated timber can rightly be called the best. These products have many advantages that make houses made of this material strong, warm, durable and environmentally friendly. The technology for building a house from glued laminated timber is quite simple, so this method of construction can be chosen for self-building a house. In the process of work, you will not need construction equipment, which is an additional advantage. You can also save on the arrangement of the foundation, because lightweight wall material will not heavily load the foundation.

Manufacturing features

If you decide to make glued laminated timber yourself, the production technology requires specialized equipment. Without it, making such material with your own hands will not work.

The manufacturing technology of wood glued material includes several stages:

1. Before manufacturing, a careful sorting of wood is carried out. Only high quality raw materials are selected. Wood is selected taking into account the grade, species, size and other important characteristics.
2. The wood is then sawn and dried. The material is sawn into boards of a certain size. The thinner the workpiece, the better it will dry. Drying of products is carried out in special chambers with modern equipment. The material is dried to the specified moisture content under continuous monitoring of the equipment.
3. Control and calibration. Next, the dried blanks are carefully controlled and calibrated. This can be done both on special equipment and visually by workers. As a result, defective boards are removed.
4. Lamellar formation. This stage consists of two stages. First of all, the dried material is sent to the machine, where areas with defects are cut out of it. After that, the board is cut into thin lamellas, which are spliced ​​in length.
5. Further, the blanks are treated with antiseptic compounds to protect against decay, fungus and mold damage, and are also impregnated with flame retardants to increase their fire resistance and resistance to environmental factors.
6. After that, the blanks are lubricated with a special waterproof glue and sent under the press. As a result, under pressure, the adhesive composition penetrates into the pores of the wood and reliably glues the lamellas together. The total number of lamellas in one bar can be 2-5 and depends on the required thickness of the product. The final thickness of the beam can reach up to 250 mm.

Important: in the process of manufacturing the timber, only high-quality harmless glue is used that meets all safety standards. In addition, the adhesive used should not interfere with the natural "breathing" of the wood.

1. The last stage in the manufacture of timber will be its profiling. Now the beam is cut to length to the desired size, after which it is sent to the machine, on which lock joints are cut in the body of the product in the form of spikes and grooves. These grooves and studs are precisely sized and fit together without gaps and cold bridges. Thanks to such a lock, when laying the timber, a hermetic connection is obtained that does not require the use of tape interventional insulation.
2. To protect the product from mechanical damage or surface contamination, it is packaged before storage or delivery to the distribution network.

Usually glued timber is made from wood of the same species. But in some cases, to increase its aesthetic appeal, lamellas of more expensive wood species are used as two outer layers. Such products are more expensive than glued beams from one type of wood.

Advantages and disadvantages

Glued laminated timber, the manufacturing technology of which is described above, has its pros and cons. Among the positive qualities of this building material, thanks to which it is so popular, it is worth listing the following:

• Qualitatively dried and cut blanks absorb various protective compounds well. Thanks to this, the finished product and the entire building are reliably protected from the negative effects of weather factors, moisture, damage by microorganisms, insects, and are also less susceptible to fire.
• Thanks to a special technology for manufacturing and cutting locks, it is possible to achieve the most dense and hermetic connection of individual wall elements. There are no gaps and cold bridges in the wall construction, so your house will always be warm, which will allow you to save on heating. You will receive additional savings during construction due to the fact that you do not need interventional insulation. In addition, a tight and even connection of the elements, as well as the absence of a heater sticking out of the slots, will have a beneficial effect on the appearance of the house.
• The manufacturing technology of timber contributes to the preservation of all the positive qualities of wood, thanks to which a favorable microclimate is formed in the house, humidity and temperature in the room are regulated.
• Thanks to the kiln drying technology, well-dried wood practically does not shrink, so after building the box at home, there is no need to take a long pause for shrinkage before starting finishing work and moving into the house.

Attention: the shrinkage of a house made of glued wood material, according to technological standards, should not exceed 1.5%.

• The beautiful smooth surface of the timber allows you to do without any finishing at home, which will allow you to save a lot.
• The bearing capacity of glued beams is much higher than that of solid wood products. In this way, it is much better than ordinary profiled timber, rounded and untreated logs.
• Dimensional stability. This material is not afraid of changes in humidity and temperature, prolonged static loads, frost and thawing. It does not react to all these factors with deformations, shrinkage, cracking and changes in geometric shape and dimensions.
• There are no through cracks on the glued material, therefore, the thermal insulation characteristics of such a beam are higher than those of other solid wood products.
• Since during production it is possible to prepare glued laminated timber, the dimensions of which will be precisely adjusted to the future construction, the waste during the assembly process will be minimal or even equal to zero. This helps to reduce the estimated cost, speeds up the construction process and saves on wages if the house is built by a hired team.

Among the disadvantages of glued products, it is worth mentioning the following points:

• The weight of glued beams is slightly higher than that of conventional wood products. However, the increase in specific gravity is not critical, so this will in no way affect the manufacture of the foundation.
• It is worth buying glued elements only from a reliable, trusted manufacturer, since you cannot control the manufacturing process. Unscrupulous manufacturers take advantage of this and use low-quality glue or defective wood, they can also work on outdated equipment, which will affect the quality of the product.

Beam laying technology

The construction technology of glued beams is no different from the installation of any wooden house. You can make a lightweight foundation by choosing a shallow strip foundation, a pile-screw or columnar structure. After that, horizontal waterproofing of the base is mandatory. For this, two layers of roofing material are laid on bituminous mastic.

After that, follow the following installation sequence:

1. A lining board made of larch is laid on the foundation. It must be subjected to antiseptic treatment. The board is level. Thanks to this board, it will be possible to protect the expensive beam of the first crown from the damaging effects of moisture and rot.
2. Next, we proceed to laying the first salary crown. First, two beams are laid on opposite walls, and after that, the elements on the walls adjacent to them are mounted in grooves. To perform the crown crown, it is worth choosing the most durable, high-quality products of a large section.
3. Angular connection of elements can be performed in different ways - “in the paw”, “in the bowl”, “in the half-tree”, that is, with the remainder or not. The warmest connection is obtained with corner laying according to the Canadian bowl principle. As a result, all elements are securely connected into one structure without cold bridges and blowing.
4. The first beam is attached to the foundation with anchor bolts that are inserted into pre-drilled holes.
5. The following items are being installed. Lock connections of all rows are joined according to the "groove-thorn" principle. Be sure to insulate the corner joints of the elements.
6. If there are no grooves for insulation in the thickets of the beam, then it can be laid directly on the bowl of the underlying element at the corner joint.
7. After laying each subsequent row of timber, they are pressed. The width of the interventional gap should be no more than 1 mm. It will close after the building shrinks.
8. Every three crowns make additional fixation with dowels - long wooden elements. They will give the structure additional stability and protect the logs from twisting.
9. Also, the crowns are additionally tightened with studs to prevent the formation of inter-crown gaps after shrinkage of the building.
10. The process of installing a roof is the same as when building a house from other wood materials.