Board for the floor: all the subtleties of choice and installation. Which floor board is best? Is an inch board suitable for the floor?
The floor is one of the important elements of the building. There is a wide variety of finishing flooring, one of which is the floorboard, its sizes are made in various sizes.
It is necessary to select material depending on the functional purpose of the room and the patency of people.
The optimal thickness of the floorboard for private housing construction is from 35 to 45 mm, depending on the load on the floor. Let's consider how to choose the right size of the floorboard and the type of wood for a high-quality coating.
Batten
The regular board is wetter than the euro version This is a wood material designed for rough and finish flooring. It is made from solid wood or by gluing several boards, visually looks like a milled board.
A regular and euroboard is produced, produced according to a special technology on European equipment.
Euro material has a lower moisture content, higher requirements are imposed on it: there should be no blue spots, rotten knots, core, holes.
The material produced according to European technology has a smooth surface, is well polished, and due to its advantages has a higher cost.
From array
Tongue and groove create a strong connection during installation It joins together in a lock connection: on one side there is a comb, on the other - a groove. Such a connection gives the coating additional strength, even slightly dried out boards will have a beautiful appearance.
The optimal shape of the comb is a cone, it is easy to work with such a lock, even if a long material of 5-6 m is used.
If the spike is made in the shape of a rectangle, even with a slight curvature of the material, it is problematic to join it into a groove so that the boards lie close to each other.
Pieces look less aesthetically pleasing than whole boards Sometimes it is necessary to cut boards to a length of less than 3 m in order to complete their connection. A floor covering assembled from pieces looks much worse than from solid parts.
Another type of locking connection is a material with a quarter: one board is cut ½ of the width from the top, the other from the bottom. A floor made of such material looks beautiful and is distinguished by the easiest installation.
More rarely, material with edges beveled at an angle of 45 degrees is used, although such a coating looks no worse than other types and is quite easy to install.
For a rough coating, an ordinary edged board is suitable, it is laid right next to each other and fastened with nails. In baths, it is used for finishing floors.
According to the standard, the presence of knots, bluish spots and resin is possible in a board made of solid wood. The euroboard has ventilation grooves, thanks to which the life of the wood is extended.
glued board
Glued board does not lose integrity for a long time It is produced by gluing several boards under pressure, their fibers are positioned so that the material does not lose its geometry over a long service life.
Such material is guaranteed not to dry out, and the floor will remain flat. The manufacturing technology is labor-intensive, due to this, glued wood has a high cost.
Laying the joist under the finger jointed wood should be carried out in increments of 400 mm.
Terrace board
It has a wavy upper surface. It is most often used in rooms where the floor is often wet: baths, rooms with bathrooms and a swimming pool.
It is more difficult to slip on a relief wet surface than on a flat board.
The board is selected depending on whether it will be used for the rough or finish coating device. Before you go shopping, you need to decide which type of wood is most suitable for this type of work, and what dimensions the floorboard should have.
The service life of the coating will depend on the correct choice of the floorboard and its dimensions, because it accounts for the bulk of the load.
Board selection scheme:
| Board thickness, mm | Distance between lags, mm | Cross-section of a bar for a log, mm | Room length, m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 300 | 110x60 | 2 |
| 25 | 400 | 150x80 | 3 |
| 30 | 500 | 180x100 | 4 |
| 35 | 600 | 200x150 | 5 |
| 40 | 700 | 220x180 | 6 |
| 45 | 800 | ||
| 50 | 900 |
The length must be selected based on the fact that there is a minimum number of joints and waste in the form of scraps of material.
The thickness of the board for a country house should be at least 35 - 50mm The optimal thickness of boards for flooring in a country house is 35-50 mm, a floor board with a thickness of 50 to 70 mm will be the best option for floors in gyms and rooms with high traffic.
The width of the floorboard should be taken with a margin, taking into account the fact that the floor is periodically polished to update the appearance.
Wide boards tend to lose their shape faster than narrower material.
board quality
Wood, depending on the quality requirements, is divided into the following classes:
| № | Class | quality requirements |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Extra | It has a smooth front surface without defects and knots. |
| 2 | BUT | It has a smooth surface without a core, fallen knots, cracks, chips. The content of knots located no more than 150 cm apart, small blue spots, 2 small surface cracks and the presence of resin is allowed. |
| 3 | AT | 4 knots per 150 cm, 2 surface cracks, slight surface damage and resin are allowed. |
| 4 | With | Belongs to the lowest class, may contain 2 knots, surface cracks, contrasting stripes, blue, mechanical damage. |
Wood species
Before you purchase material for flooring made of natural material, you need to study its properties and choose the material that is optimally suitable for the operating conditions.
Types of wood:
| № | wood species | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | coniferous trees | The most in demand, as they have the best price-quality ratio. Pine and spruce contain a large amount of resins that protect the material from destruction under the influence of moisture and protect against the formation of mold, as they are a natural antiseptic. Fir requires treatment with antiseptic agents, as it contains an insufficient amount of resin in its composition. Conifers emit a pleasant smell into the air, which has a beneficial effect on the human respiratory system. This material has good vapor permeability, which allows you to maintain a normal level of humidity in the room. |
| 2 | Aspen and alder | They do not have a significant service life, they have insufficient strength. But they have a positive effect on human health, as they release useful tannins. Most often used for flooring in children's rooms, baths and private saunas. Not suitable for installation in rooms with high traffic and high loads. |
| 3 | Linden | Requires treatment with an antiseptic, as the wood has insufficient strength and is prone to the formation of fungi and decay. It is inexpensive, retains heat well in the room, emits a fragrant smell, has a beautiful structure. |
| 4 | Cedar | It has a very beautiful structure, has high strength and resistance to high humidity. In addition, the essential oils that make up wood have a beneficial effect on health and help maintain a healthy microclimate in the room. This type of wood has a high cost, but pays off due to its unique qualities. |
| 5 | Siberian larch | It has 12 shades, has high strength and durability. Larch is resistant to moisture, is not subject to rotting and mold. It emits aromas into the air that have antiseptic properties, thanks to which a healthy climate in the house is maintained. |
| 6 | Oak | It has long been famous for its durability and long service life. The material under the influence of moisture does not lose its properties, is not subject to putrefactive processes and the formation of fungal infections. It has high rates of heat saving and sound insulation. It has a high cost, but due to durability it pays off in the process of use. |
Determine how many boards per 1 cube
When buying floorboards, take the material with a margin All lumber is sold in cubes. To calculate the amount of material per 1 cubic meter, you need to calculate the volume of one board. To do this, you need to multiply the dimensions of the purchased lumber: width * thickness * length.
Let's say we use material 35 X 100 X 6000 mm. We translate the data into meters: 35 mm = 0.35 m, 100 mm = 0.1 m, 6000 mm = 6 m.
We find the volume of the board: 0.035 * 0.1 * 6 \u003d 0.021 cubic meters. m.
We determine how much material is in the cube: 1 cube: 0.021 cube \u003d 47.62 pcs.
Table of the amount of standard lumber in 1 cube:
| The size | The volume of one board | Number of pieces in a cube with a length of 6 m |
|---|---|---|
| 25 x 100 | 0,015 | 66,6 |
| 25 x 150 | 0,0225 | 44,4 |
| 25 x 200 | 0,03 | 33,3 |
| 40 x 100 | 0,024 | 41,6 |
| 40 x 150 | 0,036 | 27,7 |
| 40 x 200 | 0,048 | 20,8 |
| 50 x 50 | 0,015 | 66,6 |
Usually, when shipping, the number of boards in a cube is rounded down. It is recommended to purchase the material with a margin of 15-30%, since a certain amount of material may go to waste.
In addition, over time, it may be necessary to replace some board, and material from another batch may not be suitable.
Uncured material will begin to crack and warp. Humidity for the floor board in the house should be no more than 12-14%. A board for use in the bath can be purchased with an average humidity level of 20-25%.
If well-dried lumber is used in a humid environment, it may swell in high humidity conditions, causing warping of the flooring.
You should not buy wet lumber in the hope that it will dry out before installation. Improper drying leads to deformation of the wood. Drying should be carried out in special chambers at a certain temperature and drying time.
The best quality will be the material collected in the autumn-winter period. The more resin and tannins in the composition, the less susceptible the material is to deformation. For information on how to determine the moisture content of wood, see this video:
You can check the moisture level yourself with a wood moisture meter.
What to look for when choosing
When buying, check the evenness of the edges of the board Floor installation is an important step in construction, so the choice of material must be approached responsibly.
How to choose the right board:
- First you need to check the correspondence of geometric parameters: the edges must be even and the thickness along the entire length must be the same.
- On tongue-and-groove lumber, we pay attention to well-made elements of the interlock: the groove should be deeper than the ridge in height. If the ridge is larger than the groove, it will not work to join the floor boards without the formation of gaps. How to choose a floorboard, see this video:
Looking at the end of the material, you can immediately see if there are any flaws. Before buying, it is recommended to selectively check several boards for high-quality docking with each other.
Properly selected material guarantees the life of a wooden floor 30-50 years.
Boards can be used both as a finishing coating and as a base for other coatings, subfloor. Since this layer of the floor cake is covered from above by others, the board for it may be inferior in quality to the finished floor board. But it still has to meet a number of requirements.
Subfloor board requirements
Features of the subfloor
- Hidden from view, so cosmetic defects, the appearance of the board, the selection does not matter
- Takes on some of the pressure that is exerted on the finish coat, but is indirectly affected. Therefore, mechanical strength is important for boards, but not abrasion resistance, Suitable for softwood
- Can be placed above the ground to protect against biodefeats boards must be treated with an antiseptic
- Should be fairly even. to ensure simple and high-quality, and this is possible when using even boards
- Must not have gaps
The board for the subfloor should not be:
- Raw
- Affected by a fungus (rot, mold) or wood-boring insects
- Twisted, uneven
- With long cracks
If there are several boards twisted due to improper drying technology in the batch, they can be dissolved into wedges, chips and used as linings for leveling the subfloor, sealing gaps. But it is impossible to lay the floor, even a rough one, from such boards.
Choice of boards
For a subfloor, a board with the following characteristics is suitable:
- Grade B or C, with wood defects that detract from the appearance of the board
- Quality standard - it is not necessary to purchase a board that complies with GOST, a board made according to TU or other, less stringent standards will do
- The wood species - pine, spruce - the cheapest varieties with poor abrasion resistance, but this does not matter for the subfloor. For damp and open spaces such as terraces, larch that is more resistant to decay is preferable.
- Edge processing - if finances allow, you can purchase a tongue-and-groove board, when laying it, a minimum of cracks is formed. But you can use a regular edged uncalibrated and even unedged board. If an unplaned board with an insufficiently even surface is used, it must be scraped after laying
- The optimal thickness is 25-35 mm, depending on the expected load on the floor. In gyms, at industrial facilities, a board of greater thickness is needed than in residential premises.
If an unedged board is used for the subfloor, there is a chance that the uncut edge (wane) is infested with fungus or insects and becomes a source of infection. Also, such boards are difficult to fit tightly. To solve these problems, the wane is cramped, the side edges are made as even as possible so as not to spend extra effort on filling cracks.
There is an old technology for laying double wooden floors on the ground:
- Logs are mounted on the support posts
- Bars 30x50 are stuffed on the lower part of the log on the sides
- With support on the bars, a draft floor is laid (selection), the boards can not be nailed
- Selection is coated with clay or lime mortar
- After the composition has dried, it is laid
- A layer of dry sand, slag, expanded clay, other loose insulation is poured over ¾ of the log height, covered with a layer of waterproofing
- A finishing floor is laid on the upper part of the log in the standard way.
With this technique of work, you can use unedged boards, slabs, and the cheapest lumber for selection.
Price
In various online lumber stores you can find such prices for a board that is suitable for a subfloor device:
- Lumber.rf - edged board of 2nd grade from pine, spruce, 25 mm thick of different quality standards - 63-73 rubles. for a 6-meter board 10 cm wide (area 0.6 m²), 95-110 rubles. for 1 board 15 cm wide (area 0.9 m²)
- Wood City-board edged grade 2, natural moisture, from coniferous species, thickness 25 mm - from 3300 rubles / m³, from aspen, thickness 25-50 mm - 4300 rubles / m³
- Arkhangelsky Les - softwood edged board of 2 grades 25 mm thick - 4800 rubles / m³, 40 mm thick - 5200 rubles. m³
- LLC Gostles - unedged board - 3500 rubles. m³
Mastma - edged board grade 2 TU with a tolerance - 4850 rubles / m³, larch floorboard, grade C, thickness 30 mm, 700 rubles / m²
Euro lining - dry planed board, grade C, 20x140 mm, 179 rubles / m² - Severny Les - edged board grade 2 - from 4350 rubles / m³, grooved floorboard class C, thickness 28 mm - 349 rubles / m²
- Forest Product - softwood edged board, 2nd grade, 25 mm - 3300 rubles. m³, 40-50 mm - 4800 rubles / m³
- Mega Roofing - unedged board, grade 2, thickness 25 mm - 3800-4100 rubles / m³, depending on the volume of the lot
Video
Which board is not suitable even for the subfloor. External signs of fungal infection.
Outcome
For the subfloor, you can use a board with a large number of wood defects, but they should not affect its strength characteristics. Rotting, rotten wood affected by other diseases is not suitable for these purposes. Heavily uneven, warped boards can be used as supports, but not for subflooring.
It does not make sense to buy expensive wood with high wear resistance or aesthetic appeal for the subfloor, the most popular option is a board made of pine and spruce. You can buy a board for the subfloor at a price of 3000 rubles / m³
Wooden floors can be seen in many modern apartments. The floor board is made of solid natural wood, thanks to which the floor surface can be sanded much more often than parquet.
Peculiarities
A quality board for the floor can be made of any type of wood. But it is not recommended to use poplar and linden for these purposes. In addition, soft woods should be treated with coatings that will prevent the wooden floor from deforming ahead of time. The best option for creating a floor surface in an apartment is oak, larch or ash.
The advantages of a wooden floor are obvious:
- these are very durable and reliable surfaces that will serve you for many years in a row;
- you can organize a heated floor, so you can walk on it without shoes even in winter;
- the plank floor is environmentally friendly, since there are no hazardous components in the composition of the wood;
- natural material creates a special warm atmosphere inside the room;
- the floor in the kitchen or in another room can be varnished, so that dust will not accumulate on its surface;
- caring for a wooden floor will not cause problems, since the assortment of stores offers various products to remove stains from such surfaces.
This is an excellent backdrop for other coatings that you choose during the repair process. A wooden floor is appropriate in a brick house, as well as in structures made of other materials. It is presentable and stylish, which will radically transform the interior of the room. Walking on a wooden floor is very pleasant because it is warm and pleasant to the touch.
But the floor of such material has its drawbacks. They are also worth mentioning:
- the soundproofing qualities of wood are very weak;
- you need to regularly care for the boards, as well as adhere to certain rules for their operation;
- if mistakes are made during the installation of the flooring, it will soon change its original shape;
- untreated wood with special compounds is deformed by exposure to a high level of humidity;
- the material supports combustion processes;
- the wooden floor has a minimum resistance to abrasion, as well as to mechanical damage;
- flooring can be damaged by rodents.
But it is worth noting that finishing the floor with such material in a city apartment will last as long as possible if you use special compounds. You can update the old floor without any problems and difficulties. Finishing the floor from the end boards will bring the desired result, if you choose the right material for this.
Kinds
Now you understand that a wooden floor will be the best solution for any room. However, you need to choose the appropriate type of board in order to cope with the work in a minimum time period, obtaining an effective result of labor.
There are several types of such material in favor of which you can make your choice:
- Parquet board. This is the coating that was originally processed. Thanks to this, you can immediately start the process of arranging the floor. The parquet board is durable and presentable, but it needs regular and proper care. The installation process of the material will not cause problems and difficulties.
- Grooved board. This is a material that is equipped with special grooves and spikes for easy connection with each other. As a result, such plates make it possible to obtain a floor devoid of cracks. The floor covering is very strong, reliable and durable. Caring for it is as simple as possible, since the absence of gaps contributes to the absence of a large amount of dust and debris between them.
- Deck board. This is a board without locks, the technical process of laying which takes place by drawing up gaps between the planks. This ship material is not afraid of negative environmental influences. That is why the board is suitable for laying in rooms with a high level of humidity. It can be a pine board or a larch board, because such wood has the highest level of strength. It is not necessary to treat the material with antiseptics, since its properties make it possible not to deform under the influence of various factors.
- Engineering board. This is a two-layer material that can be made of birch or other types of wood. The layer located on top performs decorative functions. It retains the texture features as well as the natural color of the wood. Unlike lining, valuable wood species are expensive. However, a presentable and solid appearance of the floor will pay off the money invested in the purchase of material.
There are also many options for the subfloor. This can be edged material if it is necessary to create an even base in the future with the help of an additional coating. There is a spliced or composite board, as well as other types. Each of them has individual characteristics.
Some people are interested in decking boards. This is a material that is not afraid of negative weather factors. Bamboo material or boards made from other types of wood will last as long as possible without deforming or swelling over time.
Modern polymer boards look very attractive and stylish. There are also PVC panels, which are budget materials for work. Various timber is offered on the market in a large assortment. Boards made of burnt wood and disks are also common and in demand among consumers.
When choosing a board for the floor, be guided by your own wishes and preferences. Be sure to take into account the style in which the design of the room is decorated. Remember that wood is not cheap, so you need to calculate in advance the budget that you are willing to allocate for arranging the floor.
wood species
If you decide to use a natural material to create a topcoat, take a responsible study of its basic properties. Thanks to this, you can choose the right type of wood. Most often, the following options are used to organize flooring.
Needles (pine, fir and spruce)
These are materials in which the level of quality corresponds to their cost. The fabrics contain natural resins that act as an antiseptic. The floor covering will not rot, and its surface will not be affected by fungus. The vapor permeability of such material is excellent, so a comfortable microclimate will reign inside the room. The ethereal odors that the boards emit are beneficial to human health.
Oak
This is a material with a unique texture pattern that looks very presentable and solid. The cost of such boards is very high, due to their highest level of strength and reliability. The material is not afraid of exposure to high levels of humidity, since water makes it even stronger. Oak does not rot, mold or decay due to the development of fungus. Also, the material perfectly absorbs extraneous sounds, which makes living in the house more comfortable.
Larch
This is a material that is somewhat similar to oak in its properties.
The advantages of larch boards are also many:
- long service life;
- resistance to fungus and mold;
- the ability to create a comfortable microclimate in the room;
- the presence of essential oils in the composition, which fill the house with a pleasant aroma;
- high level of thermal insulation and sound insulation;
- resistance to high levels of humidity;
- excellent indicators of strength and reliability.
Also, larch has a large assortment of shades. That is why you can choose the right option for your interior.
Alder, aspen
Wood is not very strong and durable. However, it is able to release components into the air that have a positive effect on the human body when the ambient temperature rises. That is why such materials are most often used for finishing saunas and baths. Natural board is also used to decorate the child's room and bedroom. If the movement in the room is not too active, then the material will last as long as possible.
Cedar and linden
Cedar boards are very expensive, because their basic properties and characteristics are excellent. This is a healing material that has a unique structure. He is not afraid of exposure to high levels of humidity and other negative factors. Extra class boards have a positive effect on the indoor climate. Linden is considered a more affordable material. It has a soft structure and low thermal conductivity. Linden will fill the house with a pleasant aroma that has a healing effect on the human body.
There are also other types of wood that are used to make floorboards. For example, teak has a pleasant aroma, attractive texture and a high level of durability. Ecologically clean birch will keep the heat in the room, as well as create a comfortable microclimate inside the house. Wood such as ash is also popular among buyers due to its strength and reliability.
Each person will be able to choose an option, focusing on their needs. The main thing is that the characteristics of the wood are suitable for use in specific conditions.
Characteristics
There are different types of wood that are used in specific conditions.
It is on their features that the choice of a suitable option for arranging flooring depends:
- premium wood is used to create the finish. There are no defects or knots on the surface of the canvases. Their texture is beautiful and uniform;
- class A and B wood is used in the process of creating finishing floors. There are knots and resin pockets on the material. A certain number of non-through cracks is allowed;
- class C wood is used only to create a subfloor. Visible defects on the surface of the sheets cannot be corrected mechanically.
The choice of the size of the board should be taken responsibly and carefully. The length is selected, focusing on the parameters of the room. It is necessary to do everything in such a way as to obtain a minimum of joints and waste. In our time, the building materials market allows us to achieve such goals.
The appropriate floorboard thickness depends on several factors. This is the intensity of use of the material, as well as the distance between the lags. If it is large, then you will need a fairly thick board.
To choose the width of the board, you need to take into account the direction of design thought. Too large canvases shrink, so the flooring will deform in the future. The width of the board can vary from 85 to 140 millimeters.
Colour
The range of floorboard shades varies widely. You can choose exactly the option that fits into the interior of a particular room.
A white floor will be an appropriate option in rooms where you need to visually increase the space. With it, you can fill the room with a lot of light. Such material looks presentable and solid, so it instantly attracts the eye. But it is worth remembering that it is very difficult to care for a light coating. All stains that have arisen must be immediately eliminated, since they eat into the wood, leaving behind unattractive traces.
More practical is the black floor, on which various stains are invisible. But in some rooms it will look gloomy. Refuse this decision if the walls in the room are also decorated in dark colors. Otherwise, you will feel uncomfortable.
The combination of several shades in the design of the floor looks attractive. Such options will allow you to create an original interior, breathing new life into it. It's worth experimenting to find the one that works best for you.
What to put on?
Wooden boards can be laid on any base, because this material is suitable for use in various conditions. The main thing is that the base be carefully prepared, since only in this case can premature deformation of the boards be avoided.
If you need to lay the boards on a concrete base, you need to thoroughly prepare. The surface must be smooth, without defects and other flaws. Otherwise, the floor will quickly deform, losing its original shape after a while. Now you can purchase various brands of concrete to create a concrete screed without encountering problems.
You can put wooden boards on the ground. However, in this case, it is necessary to prepare the ground in advance. You need to cover the soil with beams so that it does not dampen and deform the flooring. Only in this case, the floor will last as long as possible, while maintaining its indicators of reliability and strength.
Laying technology
If you need to create a wooden floor covering in a private house or apartment, you can handle the work yourself. The technology of laying floorboards with your own hands is quite simple and affordable.
By lags
If there is a rough base, you can use the method of laying a wooden floor along the logs. Logs are long bars that are securely attached to the warp. You can install them on a column of concrete or brick.
The design is able to withstand considerable loads. But remember that you need to take steps between the bars of the minimum size. Otherwise, the floor will quickly deform. It is also worth making a choice in favor of durable logs that will not sag under the influence of load.
By the beams
If we are making a solid structure, you should pay attention to wooden beams. This option is very reliable, since it implies the use of bars with a wide section. The system is often supplemented with lags.
The length of the beams can reach 12 meters. They are installed on the foundation and securely fixed. It is necessary to take the help of builders to cope with the work, since the beams are very heavy. Boards are laid on top of the prepared base.
Concrete
This is a convenient and simple option that will not cause any problems during the installation process. The wooden floor is laid on a pre-prepared concrete base, which must be even. If there are all kinds of deformations, it is worth leveling the surface with other materials.
Now let's figure out how to create a wooden floor step by step:
- At the very beginning, the old coating is removed, the floor is cleaned of paint and varnish. Then the base is cleared of debris to install the logs. They are exposed, following the same level. It is worth keeping a distance of 40-50 centimeters from each other. It is worth mounting the boards, starting from a high point on the surface.
- You can attach the logs to the base using metal corners and dowels. Holes are drilled in the logs and in the floor, clearly following the pre-marked marks. In the process of marking, it is worth using a pencil and a special corner.
- The base and logs are covered with special materials that perform waterproofing properties. The best option would be a plastic film, which has a high level of density.
- Dense insulation is laid between the lags. It can be mineral wool, which effectively copes with its functions. Such a "pie" will save the maximum of valuable heat indoors.
- Now the frame is suitable for mounting the floorboard. It is worth starting work from the wall that is located further from the entrance. Do not lay the material too tightly against the wall. Leave an expansion gap, as it will prevent the floor from losing its shape during operation. This gap will not be visible, because the plinth will close it.
- It is necessary to fasten the boards to the lags using self-tapping screws. Fasteners are screwed at an angle of 45 degrees. One attachment point will be fixed with at least two self-tapping screws.
- In this way, you can cover the entire surface of the floor. If a saw cut or tongue-and-groove board is used, maximum attention must be paid. The tenon on the next board should fit into the groove of the previous material. If necessary, the boards are knocked together with a hammer. The main thing is that the end of the board is not damaged.
- You can create ventilation so that the boards do not rot and do not suffer from the effects of fungus. Thanks to this, the floor will last as long as possible without deforming or losing its original shape. It will withstand various negative factors.
Care
In order for the floor covering to last as long as possible, you need to learn how to properly care for it. Only in this case can premature deformations and loss of the original appearance of the material be avoided.
It is necessary to treat the surface with special compounds to protect it from the influence of negative factors.
Lacquer is the most popular and sought-after means of protection, which eliminates the appearance of scratches on wood. Cleaning of the material treated with varnish is carried out using aerosols or concentrated products. As part of such options there are no chemically active components that could destroy the material. The aerosol is sprayed on the floor surface, and then rubbed with a rag.
But, unfortunately, varnish is not able to solve all problems. Over time, deformations will still appear on the floor surface. Compositions designed for the restoration of the material will help to cope with such troubles. These are environmentally friendly products that do not harm human health. You can use them regularly so that the wooden floor does not lose its original appearance.
In houses and apartments, surface treatment takes place no more than twice a month. But the floor in an open area with a high level of traffic can be treated much more often, as it quickly loses its attractive appearance.
Once every 10 years, you need to change the varnish coating, removing the old layer and processing the floor again. When sanding is complete, you can start applying protective agents.
If the polishing of the wooden floor was carried out using wax, the owners should pay special attention to the maintenance of the surface. Such a tool contributes to the rapid wear of wood. In addition, replacing the wax coating is a costly and troublesome task that will require special skills and abilities from you.
There are liquid and paste waxes that are suitable for wood flooring. Liquid wax is applied to the surface using ordinary rags. Paste products should be applied with a spatula. When the coating is processed, it is polished. Such surfaces need to be updated several times a year. In addition, the floors are rubbed twice a week.
Wood surfaces impregnated with oil have high wear resistance. Such substances reliably protect the material from various negative factors. The products penetrate deep enough into the wood structure, so the surface will not be intensively polluted. This is a suitable impregnation in the country, because it is in such houses that the material needs to be protected from negative factors.
An additional advantage of protective coatings is that the natural texture of wood becomes even more attractive. The surface is very pleasant to the touch, as well as elegant and solid. Wood is treated with oil every three years. That is why you will not spend a lot of time and effort on caring for the floors.
It is also worth mentioning the removal of stains from such a floor. They are withdrawn almost instantly with the help of simple means. You will be able to enjoy comfort, since you will not have to make special efforts to care for the floor.
All owners of wooden floors need to purchase special tools that are sold in every hardware store.
You should also follow these simple and clear rules:
- if suddenly there are stains from chocolate or shoe polish on the surface, you can eliminate them with products that contain alcohol or kerosene;
- the floor on the veranda or indoors, painted with felt-tip pens or colored chalk, can be saved by treating the surface with methyl alcohol diluted with water 1 to 1;
- drops from wax or paraffin should be frozen with an ice pack, then carefully scraped off the surface.
Each person should remember that high-quality heating of the room and the creation of comfort in it directly depend on wooden floors. That is why you need to choose those surface care products that are designed for such purposes. Only in this case, the floor will delight you with its unsurpassed appearance for a long time.
Do not forget that the choice of a suitable material for floor treatment depends on the characteristics of its operation. Listen to the advice of professionals to help you choose the best option for your home. In this case, you can create an unsurpassed interior, focusing on your needs and capabilities.
Professionals give people useful tips to help them choose the best option for arranging flooring:
- there may be defects on the material, but if this is a finishing base, it is better to choose boards with a minimum number of them. Choose class A or B boards if you want to create a beautiful and durable floor;
- Refrain from purchasing wet boards, as they quickly deform. In addition, they are very difficult to install. The best option would be a dry board that has gone through all the necessary stages of processing;
- if you have already mastered the laying of boards, learn how to properly care for them. To remove stains and to renew the surface, it is better to use special products designed for wood. Only in this case you will not damage the material;
- choose a suitable base for laying boards, focusing on your capabilities and the characteristics of the room.
It is worth listening to the experts so as not to encounter problems and difficulties during the operation of the wooden floor. Thanks to simple tips, you can achieve the desired result with a minimum of effort. The floor will last as long as possible, retaining its original appearance and basic properties. That is why you do not have to change and update the surface too often.
Beautiful ideas in the interior
Each person can experiment with a combination of shades, materials and textures. The main thing is that such experiments bring the desired results. You can seek help from experienced designers who will select the best ideas for a particular room.
This is a good example of how you can lay a dark floor in a room with dark walls, avoiding gloom and routine. Interior elements and pieces of furniture made in light colors dilute the picture, making the room presentable and attractive.
The wooden floor is often used for arranging the bedroom. This photo shows how harmoniously the material fits into the overall interior. A chic bed against its background looks even more stylish. The floor is harmoniously combined with pieces of furniture made of identical material. The room looks modern and interesting. You can add bright accents to it to focus on a specific area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
A chic solid wood floor does not limit the imagination of designers, as it provides the opportunity to create the best masterpieces in your home. The floor can be sanded many times in a row without worrying about its properties and durability. Pleasant shine and a smooth surface of this coating is the best option for creating comfort in any room. You can even walk on the floor barefoot, because it is very warm and pleasant.
In the design of the floor, two colors can be harmoniously combined. This is a suitable option for lovers of experiments who want to create a unique room interior. You can cover the materials in the way you are used to, without encountering problems and difficulties. The results of the work will justify your bold expectations.
Contrasting combinations have not yet been canceled! Try combining a dark floor with light walls. You can do exactly the opposite, experimenting with different tones. The results will exceed your expectations, because the interior will be fresh and modern.
You can play on a combination of colors that are close in shade. The main thing is that the interior of the room does not merge into a single whole. For example, white walls look great against cream-colored floors. Dark coatings can be supplemented with bright furniture that will stand out against such a background. It is these experiments that make it possible to create original rooms in which there is no place for routine and boredom.
The assortment of modern shops is very wide. There are offered boards of different sizes, textures, colors. You can ask for help from specialists who will help you choose the right material, talk about its pros and cons. They will focus on the main features of the premises, on your financial capabilities and needs. As a result, the repair process will not cause you problems and difficulties.
These are the main points that relate to wood floors in a private house or apartment. You need to choose the right material, install it and take care of it regularly. Only in this case you will be able to create a unique and original interior from scratch, in which even the smallest details will be perfect!
Wooden floors are back in fashion. This is due to the change of landmarks in the decoration of residential premises for environmental friendliness and safety. And the tree, as you know, fully meets these requirements. At the same time, the wooden floor has an attractive appearance. And, thanks to a wide selection of lumber in color, pattern and texture, this coating fits the design of almost any interior. What characteristics should be considered when choosing a floor board in order to get a beautiful and durable floor that will last for several decades - read below.
The floorboard can be used both in residential and non-residential premises. The most popular and suitable material for finishing the floors of living rooms in a private house is oak wood. Less commonly used ash, alder, aspen. These breeds are distinguished by high wear resistance, strength, look expensive and attractive (especially if the coating is treated with varnish, not paint).
To finish the floor, it is better to choose grooved boards that have good cohesion: a non-grooved wooden board is prone to drying out, which can cause significant gaps in the floor.
Solid wood species are distinguished by a fairly high price. A more affordable option would be boards and pines and larches. Pine is pleasant to the touch, has a beautiful milky shade. This material is quite soft, so it is best to choose it for finishing floors in bedrooms. Larch is suitable for finishing other rooms. It is resistant to mechanical stress and high strength. It is highly undesirable to use poplar and linden boards for flooring.
When choosing boards for finishing the floor, one should take into account many other factors, which include the operating conditions of the floor, the type of finish.
So, in order for the floor to last a long time, look stylish and attractive, you must follow these recommendations:
- Finishing should be done with a grooved board: due to the processed side surfaces, it is easier to mount such a board.
- For interior finishing, choose Europol or dry boards, the humidity of which is not more than 10%.
- For laying the subfloor, grade B wood is good, with a moisture content of not more than 15%.
- Before laying the boards, the lumber should be adapted to the microclimate (keep it in the room for two weeks). Raw boards, after laying, can change their dimensions, which will lead to the formation of cracks and crevices in the coating.
- Before purchasing lumber, you need to calculate the quantity and boards for a specific size (you can do this yourself using the online calculator).
- Boards are recommended to be laid along the line of light: so the longitudinal screeds will not be conspicuous.
- So that there are no shadows between the boards (which will visually reduce the space and violate the floor geometry), laying should start from sources of natural light or diagonally (from one corner to another).
In addition, boards for installation must be dry, free of knots, cracks and other defects that can affect not only the appearance of the floor, but also its performance.
Technical Board: Key Benefits
The two-layer technical board for finishing the floor is characterized by high wear resistance and durability. Such performance indicators are achieved due to the fact that the proverb consists of two layers: wood top and bottom, represented by plywood. The wood layer is most often made of durable hardwood (oak, ash, walnut).
In addition, the main advantages of the technical board include:
- Such a coating does not require the maintenance of special temperature conditions and a certain level of humidity.
- Glued, two-layer timber is less prone to deformation than completely natural wood.
- The floor from the technical board can be repeatedly sanded, polished and varnished.
- Laying technical boards does not require the organization of plywood flooring or underlayment.
- A higher level of sound insulation than when using a conventional board.
Caring for an engineering (technical) board is quite simple: most models have a smooth coating without pores (into which dirt and dust are very easily clogged). The disadvantages of the coating can only be attributed to its high cost, in comparison with an ordinary wooden board. But the repair of such a floor will not be needed soon.
Floor board size
The main characteristics of the floorboard, which should be considered when choosing a material, are the length and width of the floorboard. Today, in construction stores you can find lumber with a width of 800 mm to 150 mm and a length of 3 to 6 meters.
In domestic construction, boards with a width of 150 mm are most popular: they look attractive in any interior and have high performance.
The choice of lumber width depends on the design of the room. So, for small rooms, you should not choose too wide floor elements. A board with a width of 800 mm is good for small rooms. Wide lumber in spacious rooms will emphasize the advantageous size of the room.
It should be borne in mind that the fewer longitudinal joints a board has, the easier it is to install a plank floor and keep the intended geometry.
The length of the lumber must meet two requirements: wooden strips must have a minimum number of joints during installation, and the laying itself must be as waste-free as possible. You can reduce waste for trimming lumber by choosing a euroboard that comes with a length of 2 meters.
Floorboard thickness
The quality and durability of the coating depends on the thickness of the board. So, thick boards will be less affected by moisture and temperature, will last longer without losing their attractive appearance and characteristics. Do not forget about the ratio of thickness to width of the board: too wide, thin board will be subject to deformation.
The choice of wood for finishing the floor in thickness is determined by the loads that the coating will experience.
What thickness to choose for finishing the finishing floor? Today, lumber vendors offer boards with a thickness of 2 to 7 cm. For bedroom rooms, it is better to use a board with a thickness in the range of 3.5-4 cm. For rooms with high traffic (for example, corridors, hallways, living rooms), lumber with a greater thickness is needed. .
The minimum thickness of the floorboard in residential premises should not be less than 2.2 cm. Permissible deviations from the nominal dimensions of the elements are determined by the state standard 8242-88.
When choosing boards by thickness, the distance between the lags of the base should also be taken into account. If the distance between the elements is 0.6 m, then a thickness in the region of 3-3.5 cm will be sufficient for a high-quality coating. If the distance between the lags exceeds 0.6 m, then it is recommended to use boards with a width of 4-4.5 cm.
When choosing boards by thickness, it should be borne in mind that the larger this indicator, the higher the cost of lumber.
Therefore, the choice of boards by thickness should be appropriate. You should not buy thick materials for finishing dressing rooms, pantries, etc. The thickness of the boards will not have any effect on the life of a wooden floor in these rooms, and from the financial side, such a finish will hit your pocket.
How to install a floor board (video)
Plank flooring is stylish, environmentally friendly and durable. But such a coating can only be if the lumber is selected taking into account the intensity of operation, the purpose of the room and the finish. Choosing floorboards suitable for the interior of the room, today, will not be difficult. The main thing is to select lumber, taking into account the ratio of their width and thickness, the length and length of the room. And then, you will receive a coverage that fully meets your expectations!
The coatings industry has come a long way. There are many new building and finishing materials. But many of them can hardly be called environmentally friendly.
Moreover, some of them generally have a very definite service life, and then they simply disintegrate with all the ensuing consequences. A floorboard, by definition, is one hundred percent environmentally friendly. In addition, its dimensions can vary widely.
Even in a strict, minimalist hi-tech style, a natural floorboard floor fits perfectly. And for country-style rooms - this is just a mandatory attribute.
The benefits of a floorboard have been known for a long time. These are naturalness, good thermal insulation properties, tactile sensations, noise insulation, ease of use and beautiful appearance.
Of course, there are also disadvantages. These include: exacting care, a tendency to abrasion, a possible change in geometry under the influence of moisture and temperature changes.
How to choose the right floorboard
The choice of a wooden board for flooring comes down to ensuring that it does not spoil the aesthetic appearance of the room and fulfills its purpose during the planned period.
Which board is better to use for the floor - selection factors
1. Wood species and wood structure
There is a wide choice of lumber on the market, both domestic (for example, Arkhangelsk, Kirov, Kostroma) and foreign manufacturers, offering boards of different grades and breeds.
Of course, when talking about wood, the first thing that comes to mind is the pattern, the structure of the tree. All breeds have their own unique pattern. However, the rock also affects the strength, the possible thickness of the material and the duration of operation.
Floor board - photo examples of wood species
maple floor board
Oak floorboard
birch floor board
Cherry floor board
The material was prepared for the site www.site
2. Density of wood species
Hardwoods: beech, maple, oak have a high density of wood, conifers: larch, pine, spruce - less dense. However, the latter are more popular. This is due to the fact that wood with a lower density, lighter, puts forward fewer requirements for fasteners (self-tapping screws, hardware, nails).
If you plan to install a floorboard with your own hands, then working with pine is much easier. And most importantly - softwood is cheaper.
3. Floorboard dimensions
Dimensions, technical parameters:
Floorboard thickness
Along with the density of wood, the thickness of the floorboard is another indicator of the possible duration of use. On the market there are boards with a thickness of 20-70 mm.
How thick should the floorboard be?
The lag under the floorboard depends on the step, if the distance between the lags for the floor is 60 cm, then a thickness of 30-35 mm is sufficient, if more than 60 cm, for example, 80, then it is optimal to use a board with a thickness of 40-45 mm. It will be correct to include in the calculation the intensity of movement in the room, the higher it is, the thicker the board should be.
For the living room, a board with a thickness of 35-40 mm is used. For high traffic areas such as hallways, living rooms or commercial areas, gyms, board thicknesses should be higher. When choosing the thickness, it is important to achieve an optimal price/thickness ratio. After all, the thicker the board, the more expensive it is.
Floorboard width
A floorboard with a width of 80-135 (140) mm is presented on the market. This indicator determines the number of longitudinal joints. The fewer of them, the easier it is to mount the plank floor and maintain the geometry of the board. At the same time, laying a wide board is a more difficult job (subjective opinion, because it depends on the carpenter and the quality of the lumber, in particular, its moisture content and geometry are important).
Plus, it should be borne in mind that the proportions of the board (width-thickness) directly affect the stability of the flooring, since a wide floorboard is more prone to warping (due to changes in humidity).
In private construction, boards 100-105 mm wide and 30-36 mm thick have gained the most popularity.
Floorboard length
There are sizes from 3,000 to 6,000 mm. The length is chosen based on two requirements - a minimum of joints and a minimum of waste.
Unlike the usual one, the euroboard comes in sizes of 2-3-4-6 meters. Thanks to this, it is possible to reduce waste for trimming by selecting the desired length.
4. Types of floorboards and manufacturing methods
The floor board can be made in two versions: solid board and spliced (glued). The first is made from solid wood. The second is from spliced (glued) pieces. And each option has its own advantages.
It is also divided into tongue-and-groove (has protrusions - tongues, tenon-groove) and non-groove.
There is an ordinary board and an euroboard for the floor (special production technology, equipment and quality of raw materials). The latter is more expensive, but has undeniable advantages (low humidity, perfect geometry, no defects (blue, holes, cores and rotten knots), smooth surface, no pile rises during varnishing).
Solid board on the floor pros and cons
Advantages: naturalness of wood;
disadvantages: possible presence of knots, resin pockets, which reduce the quality of the board.
note. A high-quality massive euroboard (evropol) has ventilation slots (the same as on eurolining). They allow the wood to last longer. Prevent the development of fungi. In addition, they allow you to distribute the load on the board and prevent warping of the wood.
Spliced floorboard pros and cons
Advantages:
- high strength;
- no knots;
- ideal geometry.
disadvantages:
- the presence of an adhesive composition;
- increased requirements for laying logs (installation step 400 mm).
5. Surface quality
The evenness of the geometry of the logs, boards and subfloor is ideal - a guarantee that the plank floor will be laid without problems.
Knots that give natural beauty to the board should sit tight.
6. Moisture of the floorboard
Permissible humidity level is not more than 12-14%. Otherwise, the board will not last long.
No matter how good the wood is, its features must be reckoned with. The fact is that different breeds have different coefficients of linear expansion from moisture. Moreover, in two directions - longitudinal and transverse, they also differ from each other. In the longitudinal direction, this coefficient is much larger. Oak has the lowest expansion coefficient, followed by ash and teak.
Different types of wood have different percentages of their own resins, oils and tannins. The more of them, the less wood is subject to deformation from moisture. Therefore, wood is harvested in the cold season (autumn-winter), when the movement of tree sap stops.
Advice. When purchasing a board, it is better to check the moisture content of the board yourself using a wood moisture meter. Also, do not hope that it will dry out by the time it needs to be laid (rather, it will twist it by that time).
With the wrong "handicraft" drying, the purchased board can lead, and there will be no one to make claims. Therefore, immediately buy high-quality lumber that has undergone chamber drying.
7. Packing of floor boards
A regular board is supplied in a polyethylene package, and Europol (Euroboard) in a shrink film. Packing in PVC shrink film prevents air from entering between the film and the board, and as a result, the lumber does not absorb moisture during storage (provided there is good ventilation).
How do these types of packaging differ in practice?
Day and night there is a temperature difference, i.e. During the day, the boards heat up and cool down at night, as a result of which condensation collects on the film, which absorbs the wood. This happens with conventional polyethylene packaging. A shrink film eliminates (eliminates) this effect and condensate can appear only on the outside (outside the package).
8. The cost of the floorboard
Coniferous wood is more common and available, as well as easy to industrially process. Therefore, the lower price of pine and spruce is a significant argument in favor of the purchase.
How do sellers consider the floor board?
When selling a floorboard, the volume can be considered (unit of measurement) in cubes (cubic meters) or in m2 (square meters). Here you need to be more careful, because. there are not very decent sellers who, in addition to counting the dirty (total) area of the board, i.e. taking into account the tenon-groove, they are also rounded up (drawn up as a blank). As a result, there will not be enough lumber to lay the proposed area.
For example, the working area of \u200b\u200bthe board (width-length) is 36x135, with grooves - 37x141 mm, and if you still count it as a blank (when released in cubic meters), then 41x149 mm will come out. Multiply two values by the cost (clean-dirty volume) and see what the difference will be in the amount.
8. Floorboard in the interior
Wood is a material that works well. Its structure can be artificially aged or vice versa emphasize the clarity of the lines (by impregnation, stain). The floor board allows you to lay a wooden flooring with your own hands, which will create a unique atmosphere in your home and will organically fit into any of the interior design styles.
For a tight connection of the boards, longitudinal grooves and protrusions (tongues) are used along the entire side surface.
They come in two types: rectangular and trapezoidal. The latter are more practical, and therefore preferable to use.
The floorboard laying technology implies the observance of a number of rules, the implementation of which guarantees the quality and long service life of the wooden floor.
Rule one - microclimate
The room and board must be dry, especially during installation. The humidity of the board should not exceed 14%, and the air in the room 60%. Before laying, the board adapts to the temperature and humidity of the room, that is, it should simply lie in it for at least 3 days. For the same reason, waterproofing is necessarily done between the wooden floor and the concrete base.
Rule Two - Consistency
Laying the board on the floor is done last. Before this, the walls and floor must be finally aligned.
Rule three - competent laying of the floorboard
Boards are laid on wooden logs or waterproof plywood. Screws are used for fastening.
The location of the boards should be from the front door along, and the log, respectively, across. The logs must be aligned in height, otherwise the boards will protrude, which is unacceptable.
The boards are attached to the joists with the help of screws passing from the side surface of the board at an angle. A through hole is drilled for them.
With the help of two clamps and wooden blocks, which prevent damage to the surface, adjacent boards are preliminarily attracted to each other in order to prevent the formation of cracks.
A gap of about 5 mm in the transverse and 7-8 mm in the longitudinal direction of the boards on each side is left between the wall and the floor in both directions. This is done on the basis of those considerations that in case of getting wet in an emergency, the board will begin to swell, and if there are no gaps, the floor will simply swell.
Fourth rule - handling
After installation, the floor must be processed. To do this, you can simply paint it, but it is better to varnish it. Pre-boards are impregnated with drying oil. This completes the device of the floor from the board. It remains only to put the plinth around the edges.
Conclusion
Now you know exactly what to look for when choosing a floorboard, as well as in what sizes (dimensions) it is produced and what parameters it has. Using this knowledge, you will be able to choose the right lumber, and the floor laid from it will last at least 40-50 years. At the same time, it will be warm, beautiful and environmentally friendly.