Lankaran acacia. Growing Lankaran acacia outdoors and at home

For several years now, I have been growing various ornamental trees and shrubs on my site. Graceful Lankaran acacia is one of my favorite trees. A beautiful representative of the tropics is also known as a silk tree or silk albizia.

It can be found in two forms: shrub and tree. If you are also subdued by its fragrant inflorescences, then I will be happy to share with you the experience of planting and caring for albition.

The highest height of Albizia pompadour, this is another of its names, in terms of personal plot about 15 meters. In nature, representatives of this species can reach 20 meters. Albizia silk is a heat-loving, drought-resistant plant.

Landing in open ground is carried out in early May, when the earth is already sufficiently warmed up by the sun's rays, at a distance of one and a half to two meters.

Growing from seeds indoors

Can also be grown seedling way. To do this, it is necessary to plant the seeds of albizia in containers, to a depth of 4 mm. Seeds must be stratified.

Because hot method I don’t like it, I put my seeds in wet peat moss and put them in the refrigerator. After a month and a half they can be sown, the best time for planting seeds is February-March.

Necessary conditions for growing albizia:

• a large amount of scattered light;
• drained loamy soil;
• high air humidity;
• compliance with the seasonal irrigation regime;
• temperature compliance.

With strict control of all the nuances, your plant will develop well.

Ground and lighting mode

In warm regions, the tree is most often grown in garden conditions. Garden acacias practically do not get sick, pests do not disturb them either. The main thing is that the site is not in shady side garden, and rainwater did not stagnate. The soil is suitable loamy, fertile, with the addition of lime. For home albition, you can prepare the soil yourself.

To do this, you need to take 3 parts of sod land, two parts of peat and one part of sand. Acacia needs a spacious and deep container with large drainage holes. Small river stones are suitable for drainage.

Albizia silk loves light very much, so be sure to think over the lighting so that the daylight hours of your plant are at least 10-12 hours.

Albizia can endure direct sunlight, but the shadow will destroy her. Therefore, it will be better if you supplement the natural diffused light with a fluorescent lamp.

A plant that lives in room conditions must be protected from direct sunlight. In the summer, it will feel great on the balcony. Watering during this period should be regular and plentiful. In addition, be sure to spray the plant with a spray bottle, shading it for a while.

Temperature regime and feeding

Remember that Albizia is still a southern plant, so the temperature of its habitat should be appropriate. For house plants optimum temperature air in the summer - + 19- + 25 degrees, and in winter the temperature should not fall below + 8-10 degrees.

For garden trees the air temperature in summer is +25-+27 degrees, and in winter it is not lower than +5 degrees. Can survive short frosts down to -10 degrees.

Feeding is carried out only from the second year after planting seedlings. It is best to buy ready-made complex fertilizers, which are applied no more than once a month, during the growing season.

In winter, when the acacia enters a dormant state, we do not fertilize it.

Diseases

Albizia is rarely exposed to diseases and pests, but care errors can lead to an attack by a spider mite. You can get rid of it with special means. In rare cases, whiteflies that live in greenhouse conditions can attack. Then you can not do without an insecticidal drug.

Reproduction of silk acacia

The plant can be propagated in different ways:

1. seeds;
2. basal layering;
3. cuttings.

Regarding growing from seeds, I already wrote at the beginning of the article. As for the cuttings, you can cut them young or lignified, the main thing is that they are with buds, this is done in May. For good root formation, treat the cuttings with growth stimulants, it can be heteroauxin or root.

After that, lower it into loose soil at a temperature of + 14-15 degrees. Full rooting will occur in 2.5-3 months.

Lifespan, growth and flowering

Lankaran acacia lives in vivo 50-70 years old. Indoor species live a little less, it all depends on compliance with all the rules of care and cultivation. Acacia grows quite quickly, starting from the second year of life. When landing in open ground, its height in 3-4 years will be about 5 meters.

Albizia blooms from July to August-September, blooming delicate inflorescences with a delicate honey aroma. The color varies from pale pink to raspberry. Unfortunately, indoor views practically do not bloom.

Difficulties in growing Lankaran acacia

Watch the acacia, by its appearance you can always figure out exactly where you made a mistake:

• Drying out of the soil will cause the buds to drop.
• A waterlogged or too dry substrate causes wilting of the leaf plate.
• The lack of lighting causes a change in the color of the leaves, they fade.
• Dry tips of the leaves indicate that the room is too low humidity.
• When the plant freezes or drafts, dark spots appear on the leaves.

Compliance with all the rules of care will save your plant from many problems.

Attracts attention with bright colors reminiscent of flowers of exotic acacias. In our gardens grow Albizia Lankaran, which is sometimes called silk locust. Those who have ever rested in the Crimea must have seen an elegant shrub on the Black Sea coast, which the locals call the coastal “mimosa”.

park albition with a dense umbrella crown is popular in all tropical and subtropical countries. It is very similar to a real acacia: the same doubly pinnate leaves and fluffy flowers, in which very long stamens stand out especially. In our climate, these beautiful deciduous plants are preferred to be kept in tubs. In the south of the republic, one of the umbrella acacias - Albizia Lankaran- widely bred in open ground. It can be distinguished from the Caucasian acacia (silver "mimosa") only by flowers, since it has the same finely dissected pinnate leaves. And only when mature plant puts on his pale pink outfit, and in the summer, and not at the end of winter, like with the "mimosa", the mistake becomes obvious: before us is albition.

Really, at albizia flowers very long filaments, which, depending on the variety, can be white, pink or red, which gives them a high decorative effect.

Albizia Lankaran is a large deciduous tree 10-12 meters high. It has a spreading umbrella-shaped crown, like some types of tropical acacias. Albizia leaves are openwork, dissected into many small lobes. According to some scientists, the birthplace of this plant is Lankaran (a city in Azerbaijan).

Lankaran shrub- a plant of a dry warm climate, but even in the coldest winters for our conditions, albizia is not damaged. Apparently, this is due to climate change. The only thing that has remained unchanged is that albizia is photophilous and cannot grow in the shade of other trees.

Albizia is covered with foliage late, at the end of May, when almost all the trees have already blossomed. Albizia blooms profusely and for a long time- from mid-June to September-October, depending on the weather. In autumn, it retains leaves for a very long time (sometimes until the end of November), which few trees in our climate are capable of. Albizia remain green until the last moment, and only sudden frosts can destroy them.

Albizia propagates by seeds, cuttings, root shoots. But the seeds of albizia need "hot" stratification. To do this, the seeds are soaked for 5-6 hours in hot water(+60 C), after which they are sown. You can also use the usual "cold" stratification, which the seeds go through with us in the winter right in the ground. When sown in autumn, seed germination in spring is about 80%, and single seeds can sprout in a year. In the first year Albizia seedlings grow slowly and by autumn they rarely reach a height of 20 cm. It is not worth feeding them at this time: you can burn the roots of young plants. In addition, with an excess nitrogen fertilizers the vegetation of plants is delayed, and the wood of the seedlings may not ripen well by winter. Then, in severe frosts, plants can suffer greatly. Albitia seedlings can be fed from the second year of life, gradually increasing the dosage.

Vegetative propagation of albition are used more often. Some trees produce root shoots that can be separated and transplanted when the plants are dormant. Yes, and the Lankaran acacia is cut satisfactorily: both lignified and green cuttings can be used.

Lignified cuttings are cut from annual growths of the previous year. They take cuttings with 2-3 buds from the middle of the shoot, treat them with root formation stimulants and plant them in a permanent place in a loose fertile soil. After 3-4 months, rooting usually occurs at 70-80%.

Many acacias are bred as ornamentals. great for creating spectacular, undergrowth and alleys. Sometimes used as a tapeworm. The main economic purpose is landscaping, fixing slopes, windbreaks.

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The charm of an unusual tropical plant is manifested in flowers. original form. Lankaran acacia is popular due to inflorescences in the form of pink panicles from long stamen filaments. The plant is called Crimean mimosa, silk albizia, Constantinople acacia. The tree is worth seeing once in order to forever remember the delicate crown with fluffy corollas.

Spreading

In Europe, they recognized an unusual tree thanks to the Italian Filippo del Albizzi, who brought a bush from Constantinople. Acacia silk Lankaran has spread widely in many regions:

• East Asia - China, South Korea, Japan;
• Western Asia - Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan;
• countries of the Indian subcontinent.

Many consider the town of Lankaran in Azerbaijan to be the birthplace of albizia. Hot climate, dried deserts, moist soils, rocky slopes - an unpretentious beauty takes root everywhere.

The main condition for growth is a warm climate, soil features are not so significant.

A heat-loving plant adorns squares, parks, open spaces of streets. A lush crown decorates urban areas, cultivated in outdoor recreation areas. Entire alleys are created from Lankaran acacias in the Crimea, Armenia, Georgia, and Ukraine.

Description

Deciduous tree with a flowering period from June to October. There are two main types of plants:

1. Wood. In open ground, albizia grows with a mighty trunk up to 9-15 m high and an umbrella crown, the width of which is 5-7 m. Development requires a large space, so you will not find acacia in greenhouses or closed patios.
2. Bush. Smaller hybrid forms retain the decorative look of the natural counterpart. Grow indoors, at home.

Lankaran acacia gives allergenic pollen during the flowering period. This factor must be taken into account in indoor breeding.

The bizarre leaves of the tree consist of many lobes, which gives the crown an openwork look. Top part petals of a dark green color, the lower one is a whitish hue. At night or strong heat, the leaves fold and droop.

A bright seasonal period from May to October is the flowering of Lankaran acacia. Fluffy panicles of delicate shades, from cream to lilac, cover the lush crowns of plants in thousands. For these wonderful flowers made of silk threads, a delicate aroma, gardeners are so fond of Albizia. The fruits of the plant are bean pods filled with seeds of 7-9 pieces.

The frost resistance of Lankaran acacia is low due to the superficial root system. Small frosts can destroy plantings. In warm climates, silk albizia lives up to 100 years. Natural changes gradually shorten the life span, after 30 years the tree ages.

Landing and care

A suitable seeding site is a well-lit area outside. Lankaran acacia does not tolerate shade. Planting in the spring is carried out in fertile soil mixed with lime. A tree near the house or in the garden will fill the area with warm energy.

For Lankaran acacia, planting and care are desirable in conditions of medium humidity.

Reproduction is carried out

• seeds,
• root growth,
• cuttings.

The seed method is the most affordable. Before planting, the seeds are poured with heated water for several hours. Then they are planted without deep penetration into the ground. Sometimes seeds wrapped in wet moss are kept in the refrigerator for 2 months before planting.

Root shoots are cut and rooted separately. But not all plants reproduce in this way.

Cuttings are suitable for both outdoor plants and indoor plants. There must be at least 3 buds on the shoot. Even without soaking, the cuttings take root.

Top dressing is done only during the growth period in the second year. Need to be watered abundantly warm water do not allow the soil to dry out. IN winter time Moisturizing Lankaran acacia is almost not required. Keeping in a pot requires good drainage. Spraying may be rare. Pruning of old and diseased branches is carried out before or after the end of flowering.

The plant is resistant to diseases and many pests. Indoors due to dry air may appear spider mite, with the appearance of a draft - leaf spot. Removing the causes helps to cure the disease.

Application

Silk acacia - treatment plant listed in the pharmacist's handbooks. Filled with minerals essential oils allows you to use a natural resource for the treatment of sciatica, varicose veins, inflammatory diseases. It is widely used in the field of cosmetology in the fight against skin aging.

Lankaran acacia is useful not only for people, but also for other plants. The soil on which albizia grows is saturated with nitrogen, which ennobles the soil.

External attractiveness, unpretentiousness and vitality of blooming albition open the hearts of gardeners and ordinary residents who appreciate silk alleys in urban areas.

Acquaintance with Lancornan acacia - video

Albizia is a genus of the Mimosa subfamily, uniting several species of tropical deciduous shrubs and small trees. The homeland of plants are several regions, including the Indian subcontinent, Iran, Turkey, Thailand, southern China, Japan, Azerbaijan. Thanks to decorative greenery and flowers, albizia is common as a greenhouse and home culture in areas with temperate climate. In territories with mild winters grown in open ground.

Botanical description

Adult albizia are densely branched trees or large shrubs up to 10 m high and trunks 15–40 cm thick. The bark is dark gray, finely scaly. The crowns are openwork, wide, umbrella-shaped, their diameter reaches 6–7 m. The root system is superficial, with many long shoots, at the ends of which nodules sensitive to nitrogenous compounds are concentrated. Leaves are dark green or bluish-violet, compound, twice pinnate. On the central petiole 17–20 cm long, up to 18 lobes are arranged oppositely, consisting of 20–30 pairs of small oval plates up to 10 mm long. In the evening, the plates close along the petioles - the leaves seem to close and droop.

In May or June, spiky or capitate bisexual inflorescences of light yellow or white color appear on albizia with many long pink or cream stamens that look like fine hairs. Because of them, the flowers look fluffy.

The fruits are elongated pods 12–18 cm long, with a greenish-brown skin. Inside are seeds - flat beans 7–10 mm in size.

Albizia is a fast-growing heat-loving breed, able to withstand periodic short-term temperature drops to -15 ° C, but frosty winters with little snow are detrimental to it.

Main types

The following plant varieties are grown in culture:

1. Albizia Lankaran (Albizia julibrissin). Because of the fluffy inflorescences, it is often called the silk tree or silk acacia. Under natural habitat conditions, it is a sprawling tree 7–10 m high with a wide crown. The leaves are bright green on the upper side, on the back - lighter, matte. There are varieties with purple and lilac leaves. The flowers are fragrant, large, up to 12 cm in diameter, with dense fluffy hairs of pink, cream and red hues. The flowering period is June and July. At favorable conditions buds remain on the branches until September. As a home crop, Lankaran albizia is grown as a bonsai or a compact tree up to 1.5–2 m high.
2. Albizia bunch-flowered (Albizia lophantha). The species is of Australian origin. Low trees up to 4 m tall. The leaves are somewhat shorter than those of Lankaran, the inflorescences are spike-shaped, cylindrical, reach a length of 8 cm, emit a light sweetish aroma. Staminate hairs are bright yellow or cream in color. Blooms in March or April. The flowering period continues until August.
3. Albizia amara (Albizia amara). Grows in East and South Africa. Shrub 4-5 m high with a spreading wide crown and openwork leaves. The flowering period begins in May. Inflorescences are capitate, fragrant, 3-5 cm in size, with orange pubescence.
4. Albizia saman (Albizia saman). close-up view originally from Central America. A massive tree up to 20 m high with a mighty umbrella crown. Branches are brittle and break easily in windy conditions. The leaves are bright green, twice pinnate, with wider blades than in other species. The flowers are bright pink with long dense stamens, emit a sweet aroma reminiscent of violets.

Application

Due to its decorative qualities and exotic appearance, albizia is used in landscape design. In regions with a subtropical climate, its varieties gradually adapt to unusual winter temperatures: trees are planted in gardens and on the streets. In more severe climatic conditions, it is a houseplant.

Albizia Lankaran is used in traditional medicine . The bark and flowers contain a number of pharmacologically active substances:

• triterpenoids;
• glycosides;
• saponins;
• lignans;
• tannins.

Water infusions and decoctions of albizia have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, sedative effects. They are useful for nervous disorders, insomnia, headaches, tachycardia, gastrointestinal diseases, helminthiasis, genitourinary infections.

During the flowering period, the silk tree is a good honey plant.. The bark, due to the content of pigments, is used as a raw material for the production of natural dye.

Cultivation and care

For the cultivation of albizia in open ground, it is required to choose areas well-lit by the sun, protected from wind and strong drafts. Tropical acacia is undemanding to soil fertility, but does not like acidic clay soils. It prefers neutral loose loams or sandstones. IN heavy earth it is necessary to add sand and riding peat.

Planting is carried out in May, when the soil warms up to 15-18 ° C. Seeds must first be soaked for a day in hot water, deepened by 3-4 cm. Seedlings are placed in holes with a volume twice the root system of plants. A layer of stone drainage is placed at the bottom.

Homemade albizia are planted in ceramic pots. Prepare for them soil mix from equal parts of leaf and sod land, ¼ of the volume of peat and river sand. You should not choose large dishes - the culture will have to be replanted periodically.

Humidification mode

Albizia loves water very much. It is necessary to water often: 2-3 times a week, but at the same time try not to swamp the root system. Upper layer The soil should be constantly slightly moist to the touch. It is recommended to use soft settled or melted water heated to room temperature . For watering - take nozzles with fine-jet sprayers.

The air in the room where the culture is kept does not need to be specially humidified. It is enough to water the soil in time and carry out cleaning, removing dust from all surfaces in the room.

top dressing

In the first year, garden albition is enough nutrients located in the soil. From the second season, you can start fertilizing. Do not use fresh manure and other concentrated organic compounds. It is recommended to purchase complex mineral compositions for flowering plants . Food is applied before watering once a year before laying flowers. If the tree develops slowly, top dressing is repeated at the end of summer.

Indoor albition fertilize once a month until the end of the active growing season.

Transfer

Indoor young specimens are transplanted annually. The diameter of the new pots should be 3 cm larger than the previous ones. Before pouring the soil, they are washed and disinfected strong mortar potassium permanganate. The soil is fresh.

Transplantation work is carried out at the end of winter or in March, until the plant starts growing.. The root system is carefully pry off with a small spatula along with a clod of soil and transferred to a new container filled with soil by about ⅔. Then the roots are carefully sprinkled with the remaining soil. After transplanting, the plant is watered immediately.

Upon reaching the age of 3-4 years, the need for annual transplants disappears. You can renew pots and soil 1 time in 2-3 years.

Reproduction methods

The most common methods of breeding albizia: seed, cuttings and root shoots. The first method is suitable for garden and indoor crops, but it is quite long and troublesome. The material is recommended to be pre-stratified within two months. It can be germinated immediately in a permanent place, in a mixture of sand and peat or in a special agrolite. Sprouts appear within 1-2 months.

Vegetative methods allow you to get new plants much faster. Lignified shoots of one year old are suitable for cuttings. They take their apical parts 10-15 cm long, cut off at an angle of 45 °. The leaves are partially removed, leaving one pair. Before planting in the ground, the cuttings are treated with growth stimulants, deepened by 4-5 cm into the sand-peat mixture. They are cared for like mature plants. Own root system appears in them in 2-3 months.

Root shoots propagate horticultural crops. In domestic plants, it rarely appears. Adventitious shoots are dug up in September, carefully separating them from the parent specimen. You can plant shoots immediately on permanent places in the garden or grow until the next warm season in pots indoors.

Lighting

Indoor plants are placed on the southwest or south sides. Young specimens will have to be shaded from bright sun translucent curtains or blinds. In cloudy weather and evening hours, the lack of lighting must be replenished with daylight lamps. For adult cultures, direct rays are not dangerous.

Garden albizia grow well in open areas and in light partial shade of higher crops.

Temperature

The ideal temperature level for albizia: + 22–27 ° C. With a gradual increase and timely watering she is not afraid of hot weather up to + 30–33 ° C. Indoors, it is recommended to maintain a stable background within + 20–25 ° C. In summer, in sunny warm weather, pots with albizia are recommended to be taken out into the fresh air.

The plant is afraid of sudden changes both up and down. When switching to winter dormancy, it is necessary to reduce the temperature gradually: by 1–2 ° C during the day.

Features of winter care

For tropical plants winter conditions quite mild subtropics are stressful. Street albizia quite safely survive the cold under the snow, but severe frosts can kill them. Young plantings are especially sensitive to them. Before the onset of winter, the soil around the roots must be covered with a thick layer of peat, foliage or sawdust. Crowns are wrapped in thick fabric, thin foam rubber or cardboard. Watering and fertilizing stop until March. Mature trees are not afraid of frosts down to -15 ° C.

Indoor crops are dormant in winter. They are transferred to a cool room, stop fertilizing. Withered inflorescences and fruits are carefully cut off or cut off. The frequency of watering is reduced to once a month. Quite often, Albizia at rest, even indoors, shed their foliage. Before the culture enters the next phase of active vegetation, weak and diseased branches are cut off, sprinkling the places of cuts with activated charcoal.

Diseases and pests

Possible difficulties in growing

Albizia are capricious and sensitive to changes in familiar conditions. Excessive dryness of the air and insufficient moisture levels lead to blanching, early wilting of leaves and abscission of flowers. The reason may be excessive hardness of water, the presence of lime salts in it.

Swamping the roots during watering causes them to rot. The development of rot is facilitated by insufficiently loose heavy soil, lack of drainage. In such a situation, it is difficult to save a dying plant. You can try to restore it by rooting the remaining healthy shoots.

Appearance dark spots on the leaves indicates the wrong temperature regime: keeping the plant in a draft or in a cold room.