An efficient wind generator with your own hands. Do-it-yourself windmills for home - which model is the most suitable? The main types of windmills

Until recently, wind turbines were considered a rarity, but today this area is rapidly developing, and many have gained experience in creating wind turbines to generate electricity. Such devices can be used in a variety of areas - for water supply, electrification of private houses, operation of agricultural units (for example, crushers) or heating water to heat a home.

Industrial models have a lot of advantages, except for the cost. Therefore, today we will find out how to make a wind generator with our own hands and what materials / tools will be needed for this.

Design features and mechanics of a wind generator

The principle of operation of a wind generator is to convert kinetic energy into electricity. The device consists of a number of system elements, each of which has its own function. Let's try to figure this out.

Note! Wind generators can be rotary (vertical) and classic (horizontal). The latter have a higher efficiency, which is why they are made more often than others.

It is worth noting that vertical windmills must be turned towards the wind, because they are simply unable to function with a side stream. Horizontal generators have other advantages as well. Let's get acquainted with them.

1. Turbines of rotary devices will "catch" the wind, regardless of which side it blows. Which is extremely convenient in case of unstable / variable wind in the region.
2. It is much easier to build a horizontal windmill than a horizontal one.
3. The structure can be located directly on the ground, but provided that there is enough wind there.

As for the disadvantages, a horizontal wind generator has only one - a rather low efficiency.

We calculate the power of the future wind generator

First, you should find out how much power a wind generator should have with your own hands, what are the functions and loads that it will face. As a rule, alternative sources of electricity are used as auxiliary, that is, designed to help the main power supply. Therefore, if the power of the system is even from 500 watts, this is already quite good.

Note! To heat a private house of medium size, you will need about two to three kilowatts.

However, the final power of the wind turbine depends on other factors, including:

• wind speed;
• number of blades.

To find out the appropriate ratio for horizontal type fixtures, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the table below. The numbers in it at the intersection are the required power (indicated in watts).

Table. Calculation of the required power for horizontal wind generators.

1m	3	8	15	27	42	63	90	122	143
2m	13	31	63	107	168	250	357	490	650
3m	30	71	137	236	376	564	804	1102	1467
4m	53	128	245	423	672	1000	1423	1960	2600
5m	83	166	383	662	1050	1570	2233	3063	4076
6m	120	283	551	953	1513	2258	3215	4410	5866
7m	162	384	750	1300	2060	3070	4310	6000	8000
8m	212	502	980	1693	2689	4014	5715	7840	10435
9m	268	653	1240	2140	3403	5080	7230	9923	13207

For example, if in your region the wind speed is predominantly from 5 to 8 meters per second, and the required power of the wind generator is 1.5-2 kilowatts, then the diameter of the structure should correspond to about 6 meters or more.

What should be the blades?

The shape of the blades can be:

• sailing;
• winged.

As for the sail-type blades, they are flat, and therefore less efficient. They do not take into account aerodynamics, but spin exclusively under the pressure of the wind flow. As a result, no more than 10 percent of all energy is converted into electrical energy. But for winged blades, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe inner and outer surfaces is different. It is also worth noting that such blades should be located at an angle of 7-10 degrees relative to the wind.

Now a few words about the material from which the blades should be. For ancient windmills, tonic wood frames were used, consisting of poles and lintels. On such frames, special "wings" made of fabric were stretched. In case of wear of the fabric, it was simply replaced with a new one. Although there is an alternative option - to take dense materials for these purposes (for example, a tarpaulin).

Although with your own hands you can make blades from more modern materials.

1. If the propeller is small, then PVC pipes cut into pieces can serve as blades for it.
2. You can also use light metals (for example, duralumin).
3. If you plan to use "sails", then they can be cut out of plywood.
4. Finally, for a large unit, the blades can be made from boards (even if they are heavy, it doesn’t matter, you just need them to balance each other).

Note! In the case of a predominance of gusty winds in the region, it is better to give preference to weighty blades - this will ensure a more stable functioning of the entire system.

As for the diameter of the pipes, it should correspond to 1/5 of their total length. Each of these pipes is cut lengthwise into four pieces, and at the base it is necessary to cut a 5x5 rectangle (there will be fasteners here), and after that, make an oblique cut, due to which each blade will taper from the base. Emery is used to process a torn edge.

Making a vertical wind generator at home

And now let's find out how, in fact, a wind generator is made by hand. The procedure consists of several stages, we will get acquainted with the features of each of them.

Stage one. We prepare tools and materials

There are no requirements regarding the size of the turbine - the larger it is, the better for the system itself. And in the example given in this article, the diameter of the turbine is 60 centimeters.

To make a vertical turbine yourself, prepare in advance:

• a pipe with diameters of 60 centimeters, made of stainless steel;
• screws, nuts and other fasteners;
• a pair of plastic disks with a diameter of 60 centimeters (it is important that the plastic is durable);
• hub from the car for the base;
• corners with which the blades will be attached (for each element - six pieces; that is, 36 copies in total).

In addition, take care of the following tools first:

• keys;
• jigsaw;
• mask;
• protective gloves;
• Bulgarian;
• screwdriver;
• electric drill.

Magnets or small metal plates can be used to balance the blades. If the imbalance is slight, then you can simply drill holes in the appropriate places.

Stage two. Draws up a drawing

You definitely can't do without a drawing. You can use the one below or create your own.

Stage three. Making a vertical windmill

Step 1. First, take a metal pipe and cut it lengthwise so that you end up with six blades of the same size.

Step 2 Cut out a pair of identical circles with a diameter of 60 centimeters from plastic. They will serve as supports for the lower and upper parts of the turbine.

Step 3 You can cut a small hole in the upper support (about 30 centimeters in diameter), which will make the construction somewhat easier.

Step 4 Mark the holes on the car hub with the same holes in the lower plastic support needed for the fasteners. Use a drill to make holes.

Step 5 Mark the location of the blades in accordance with the template (you should get a pair of triangles that seem to form a star). Mark the places for fixing the corners. On both supports, everything should be the same.

Step 6 Cut off the blades. You can cut several of them at once using a grinder.

Step 7 Mark the attachment points on the blades and corners. Make all these holes.

Step 8 Connect the blades to the bases using angles, bolts and nuts.

Note! The power of the device largely depends on the length of the blades, but if the latter are large, it will be much more difficult to balance them. Moreover, the structure can "loose" under the influence of a strong wind.

Stage four. We make a generator

The generator in this case must be self-excited, and always on permanent magnets. If you take a conventional generator from a car, then here the voltage winding functions from a battery, in other words, in the absence of voltage, there will be no excitation. Therefore, if you use a simple generator in tandem with a battery, and the wind is relatively weak for a long time, the battery will soon simply be discharged, and later, when the wind resumes, the wind generator will not start up again.

You can also make a system on neodymium magnets. This kind of device will produce from 1.5 kilowatts (if the wind is weak) to 3.5 kilowatts (if the wind is strong). A step-by-step instruction for creating such a generator is as follows.

Step 1. Make a couple of metal pancakes, each of which would be about 50 centimeters long.

Step 2 Using superglue, glue neodymium magnets measuring 2.5x5.0.12 centimeters to the pancakes around the entire perimeter (twelve pieces for each).

Step 3 Place the pancakes opposite each other, do not forget about the polarity.

Step 4 Place a self-made stator between them (make 9 coils from a wire with a cross section of 0.3 centimeters, each with 70 turns). Connect the coils with an "asterisk" (as shown in the image), then fill with polymer resin. At the same time, it is important that the coils are wound in one direction, you can mark the end / beginning of the winding with a colored insulating tape - it will be more convenient.

Step 5 The stator should be about 2 centimeters thick. The winding should come out by means of bolts with nuts. The distance between the rotor and the stator must be 2 mm.

The magnets will attract quite strongly, and for a smooth connection, you need to make holes in them and cut the threads for the studs. Immediately align the rotors, then using the wrenches, lower the top to the bottom. Then you can remove the temporary hairpins.

Note! The generator described above can be used not only for vertical, but also for horizontal windmills.

Stage five. Assembling the entire structure

First, install a special bracket on the mast, through which the stator will be attached (which, in turn, can have either three or six blades). Fix the hub above the bracket using the same nuts. Screw on the four studs that are at the hub, the finished generator. After that, connect the stator to the bracket, which is fixed to the mast. Attach the turbine to the second rotor plate. Connect the stator wires to the voltage regulator using the terminals.

Stage six. We install a unit that can turn wind into electricity

To install the entire wind turbine with your own hands, you must follow the steps that are given below in the form of step-by-step instructions.

Step 1. Concrete in the ground a reliable and solid foundation.

Step 2 When pouring concrete mortar there, add the studs necessary to attach the massive hinge (all this is easily done with your own hands).

Step 3 When the concrete has completely hardened, put the hinge on the studs and fix with nuts.

Step 4 Install the mast in the movable part of the hinge.

Step 5 Attach 3 or 4 guy wires to the top of the mast (you can use a flange or weld). You will also need a steel cable.

Step 6 Raise the mast on the hinge using one of the prepared cables (you can pull with a car).

Step 7 The verticality of the entire mast is strictly fixed with braces.

Where can such a wind generator be installed?

The efficiency of its operation largely depends on how correctly you choose a place to install a wind generator. The place should be such that the blades of the system get as much wind as possible. The site should be open and elevated (for example, the roof of a house, but as far as possible from trees and other structures). Tellingly, the reason for this lies not only in interference, but also in the production of some noise by the device during operation, which the neighbors or the owners themselves may not like.

For a more detailed acquaintance with the problem, we recommend that you watch the thematic video below.

Video - How to make a wind generator using a household fan

Rotary (horizontal) wind generator

Such a device will cope with the provision of electricity to a small house or several outbuildings. The maximum power of the wind generator will not exceed 1.5 kilowatts.

Prepare for work:

• car generator 12 watts;
• relay, battery control light;
• the battery itself is 12 watts;
• current converter;
• a large pot or bucket made of duralumin or stainless steel;
• a pair of clamps for attaching the generator to the mast;
• switch;
• wire, 0.4 and 0.25 centimeters;
• bolts, nuts, washers;
• voltmeter.

The tools required are the same as in the previous case. First, take a pot (or bucket) and, using a marker with a tape measure, divide it into four identical parts. Cut out the blades, but do not cut all the way (as shown in the picture).

Make holes for the bolts in the bottom, then bend the blades, but not very much. Take into account the fact how the generator will rotate (clockwise or counterclockwise).

Next, fix the pan with the already prepared blades on the pulley, secure with bolts. Install the generator on the mast, fixed in advance (for this, use the supplied clamps), then connect all the cables and assemble the circuit. Rewrite the entire circuit, fix the wires on the support.

Use a 4 mm cable with a maximum length of 1 meter to connect the battery. Use a smaller cable to connect the load. Also install an inverter. Below is an example connection diagram.

As you can see, it is quite possible to build a wind generator with your own hands. The design can be of two types, but if you have the skills and due zeal, you can even cope with the work alone. That's all, good luck!

Wind energy resources in the Russian segment occupies an ambiguous position. The use of such devices is considered from two sides. On the one hand, a homemade windmill is an excellent solution for saving electricity mechanically. This is facilitated by endless plains, where there is a constant wind speed and sufficient potential energy is accumulated, which is later converted into kinetic energy with the help of a windmill. However, in some regions of the vast country, the winds are characterized by weak potential due to uneven and slow impact. In the northern regions, a third side is distinguished, where violent and unpredictable winds rage. Each owner of the house can keep his own windmill on the farm. Buying such a device is an expensive pleasure, so it is better to create a wind generator for the home. Let's decide: what specific type of windmill is more suitable and for what purposes is it chosen?

You can also make a wind generator with your own hands from empty bottles

Regardless of whether you choose a vertical wind generator, a rotary wind turbine or another type, the schematic design of the product has the following similar components:

• Do-it-yourself current generator (available option is used).
• Blades (made of rigid material, incapable of corrosion and deformation during operation)
• Tower type lift required to raise the unit to the desired level.
• Optionally, additional electronic control systems are installed.

It is easier and cheaper to assemble wind turbines with your own hands with a rotor or an axial structure with magnets. To choose the right one, we will study the device of each.

Wind turbine 1 - rotary type design

A homemade wind generator with a rotary turbine is made of two, less often four, blades. It has a simple design, which is why it is made independently from improvised materials. Such a wind generator for the house will not provide the necessary amount of electricity for a two-story country cottage. The power of the wind generator is enough to supply electricity to a small garden house. A windmill for a private house is used to supply lighting to outbuildings adjacent to the household, street lamps, household lamps, a hair dryer, a refrigerator, and others.

Preparation of parts and consumables

Depending on how much power the wind generator is calculated with their own hands, they select the appropriate generator for the windmill. We will consider do-it-yourself windmills with a power of up to 5 kW. Making a wind generator with your own hands with a rotor is easy. To do this, we will prepare the following materials:

1. 12 volt car alternator. To create the device, an acid or helium battery from a car is used.
2. Voltage regulator for converting alternating currents: 12 –> 220 volts.
   Homemade voltage regulator for converting alternating currents: 12 –> 220 volts
3. Overall capacity. Suitable options: stainless steel pot or aluminum bucket.
4. Charger. We use the relay removed from the car.
5. 12 volt switch.
6. Charge lamp with controller.
7. Bolts М16×70 mm with nuts and washers.
8. A simple voltmeter of any configuration from an unused measuring device.
9. Three-core electric cable with a cross section of at least 2.5 mm 2.
10. with rubberized lining. Will be needed when attaching the generator to the matcha carrier.

Do-it-yourself generators for 220 need a standard set of installation tools: a grinder with discs, a marker, a screwdriver, a drill with drills, metal shears, a set of box wrenches, gas wrenches No. 1,2,3, wire cutters, tape measure.

Progress of design work

To create a windmill design, the rotor is initially prepared. The next step is to modify the alternator pulley. A metal container is used as a rotor: a pan or a bucket. Using a tape measure and a marker, measure out four equal parts. Then we make holes at the ends of the lined lines, so that the division into component parts is easier. We cut the container with scissors for metal. In the absence of such, we perform the same actions with a grinder. From the obtained parts we cut out the blades of the future rotor, but not completely cutting through the workpiece.

It is not allowed to cut containers made of galvanized materials or products with, as the material overheats and deforms.

Rotor blades must match each other in size

In order for a windmill from a car generator to work correctly, the rotor blades must match each other in size. As an option, create a generator from a starter with your own hands. Therefore, measurements require careful checks.

Now we are preparing a generator for a windmill with our own hands. First of all, we determine the direction of rotation of the pulley. To do this, reciprocating movements of the hand twist it to the left - to the right. By default, it rotates clockwise, but there are exceptions to the rule. At the next stage, we connect the rotor part with the generator. Using a drill, we make even holes in the bottom of the tank and the generator pulley.

The holes must be symmetrical. Otherwise, there is a risk of imbalance in the movement of the rotor.

The edges of the blades are slightly bent to increase the speed of rotation from the wind. The larger the bending angle, the more efficiently the rotary unit perceives air flows. The rotor blades are made not only from the tank. You can make blades for a wind generator with your own hands in the form of separate parts that are connected to a metal blank in the shape of a circle. In such models, it is easier to carry out repair work to restore individual impellers.

To connect the generator, we take a container with manufactured blades and securely fasten it to the generator pulley with bots of M16 × 70 mm or a smaller diameter. Now the assembled structure is fully installed on the mast. We fix in accessible places with metal clamps. We mount electrical wiring and assemble a closed circuit. Each pin is connected to the corresponding connector. If necessary, pre-record the marking and color of each wire separately. We attach the wire to the mast with wire.

After the complete assembly of the mechanical structure, it remains only to connect the inverter (voltage converter), battery and load (instrument and lighting). For the inverter, we use an electric cable with a cross section of 3 mm 2 and a length of 1 meter, and for other peripheral loads, a cable with a cross section of 2 mm 2 is suitable. The assembled windmill is ready for use.

Do-it-yourself low-power wind generator based on a drill

Advantages and disadvantages of such a model

With the correct assembly of all the constituent elements, do-it-yourself wind turbines from a car generator will serve for a long time without a single problem. The design, powered by a 75-amp battery with a 1000 W converter installed, will give out the amount of electricity for the stable operation of street lighting or video surveillance devices. The advantages also include: a relatively low price for components for a windmill, maintainability, the absence of additional conditions for correct operation and low noise design. For example, low-noise 5 kW vertical wind turbines are quieter than modern refrigerators.

The disadvantages are obvious: poor electrical performance, low durability, exposure to sudden changes in wind speed, which leads to frequent blade breakage.

Wind turbine 2 - axial structure with magnets

Do-it-yourself wind turbines for 220v with neodymium magnets are called axial windmills. The device of such structures is based on non-iron stators with attached magnets. Due to the fact that the cost of the latter has fallen several times, it has become easier to make a magnet generator with your own hands. The model of this windmill will allow you to get more electrical energy than do-it-yourself rotary electric generators.

What needs to be prepared?

What is a wind generator, device and principle of operation

The main element of the mechanical design of the axial generator is the wheel hub of a car, together with brake discs, which will become the future rotor. If the part has been used before for its intended purpose, then it should be prepared. To do this, we disassemble the hub into its component parts and clean the inner and outer walls of the element from rust with a metal brush. Each bearing is thoroughly lubricated. Now we assemble the hub in reverse order.

Distribution and fixation of magnets

To fix neodymium magnets on the brake discs of the rotor, we prepare 20 rectangular units with dimensions of 25 × 8 mm.

In magnets with a round structure, the magnetic field is located in the center, while in rectangular ones along the length.

An even number of magnets form poles. We arrange them, alternating through one over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe disks. In order to find out where the magnet has plus and minus, one of them is taken, and the rest are leaned against it, first with one and then with the other side. If they are magnetized, then we put a plus on this side with a marker and vice versa. With an increase in the number of poles, we are guided by the following rules:

1. For single-phase generators, the sum of the poles equals the number of magnets.
2. For three-phase, the proportion ratio is 4/3 for units of magnets and poles, as well as 2/3 for poles to coils, respectively.

Magnets mounted perpendicular to disc circumference

To accurately distribute the magnets around the circumference of the brake disc, use a template drawn on a piece of paper. We glue the magnets with strong glue, and then fix them with epoxy.

Three-phase and single-phase generators

A single-phase stator is comparatively worse than three-phase counterparts. Due to the inconsistency in the current output, high amplitude fluctuations occur in the mains, so single-phase devices give out vibration. In three-phase generators, the current load is compensated from one phase to another. Due to this, the power in such a network is always constant. Vibration effects negatively affect the design as a whole, therefore, the life of single-phase generators is much less than that of three-phase ones. Another advantage of the three-phase model is the absence of noise during operation.

Coil winding process

Before proceeding with winding the wire on the generator coils, we make the moment when the battery starts charging at 12 volts should occur at a nominal value of 110 rpm. Using these data, we calculate the required number of turns in a single coil: 12 * 110 / N, where N is the number of coils. For winding, we use exclusively wires with a large cross section. This will decrease the units of resistance and increase the current.

Mast and screw

The height of the mast should be about 6-12 meters. Formwork is poured under the base of the mast, and then concreted. We attach a screw to the upper part, which can be made from PVC pipes with a diameter of 160 mm and a length of at least 2 meters. From it we cut out six two-meter plates. We fix the resulting feint at the top of the mast. We strengthen the mast itself with the help of cables nailed on one side, and on the other - to the body of the structure.

WATCH VIDEO

Features of the operation of windmills

Any of the two presented models of windmills is suitable for use as an alternative source of electricity. In the manufacture of such a device, any 220v generator can be used. For example, a do-it-yourself wind generator designed from has a long service life. A wind turbine from a screwdriver is one of the simplest options for a windmill. Owners of country houses will appreciate it. Each type of wind turbine has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The degree of effectiveness of a single design may vary for different regions of our country. Such a source of electricity at hand will never hurt, especially if such equipment is used on flat terrain with high wind intensity.

Reading time ≈ 4 minutes

You can significantly reduce electricity bills and provide yourself with a backup source of energy in the country by making a wind generator with your own hands.

Buying a ready-made wind generator is economically justified only if there is no possibility of connecting to the power grid. The cost of the equipment and its maintenance is often higher than the price of the kilowatts that you will buy from the power supply company in the coming years. Although, when compared with the use of gasoline or diesel generators of low power, here an environmentally friendly energy source wins in terms of maintenance costs, noise level, and the absence of harmful emissions. Temporary lack of wind can be compensated by using batteries with a voltage converter.

A wind turbine assembled using some DIY parts can be several times cheaper than a ready-made kit. If you seriously decide to make your country house energy-independent, while you don’t want to overpay anyone, a home-made wind generator is the right decision.

Wind generator power

Before starting work, you need to decide whether there is a real need for a powerful wind generator, for example, for cooking, using power tools, heating water or heating. Maybe it's enough for you to connect lighting, a small refrigerator, TV, recharge your phone? In the first case, you need a windmill with a power of 2 to 6 kW, and in the second, you can limit yourself to 1-1.5 kW.

There are also horizontal and vertical wind generators. With a vertical axis, blades of the most diverse shapes can be used, these can be flat or curved sheets of metal rotating on extensions. There is a variant with one twisted blade. The generator itself is located near the ground. Since the speed of the blades is low, the engine has a large mass and, accordingly, the cost. The advantage of a vertical design is simplicity and the ability to work in light winds.

This review will address the question of how to make a horizontal wind generator with your own hands. For it, you can use various types of available generators and converted electric motors.

The design of the wind generator for 220V:

1. Electric generator of industrial production.
2. Blades for a wind turbine and a swivel mechanism on the mast.
3. Battery charging control circuit.
4. Connecting wires.
5. Mounting mast.
6. Stretch marks.

We will use a DC motor from the "treadmill", it has the following parameters: 260V, 5A. We will get the generator effect due to the reversibility of the magnetic fields of this type of electric motors.

Necessary materials and accessories

You can easily find all the details in hardware or building stores. We will need:

• threaded sleeve of the desired size;
• diode bridge, rated for current 30-50A;
• PVC tube.

The tail and body of the windmill can be made from the following materials:

• Steel profile pipe 25 mm;
• masking flange;
• Branch pipes;
• bolts;
• washers;
• self-tapping screws;
• Scotch.

Assembling the wind generator according to the drawings

The blades of the windmill can be made of duralumin according to the given drawings. The part must be sanded with high quality, while making the front edge rounded and sharpening the back. For the shank, a piece of tin of sufficient rigidity is suitable.

We fix the sleeve to the electric motor, and on its body we drill three holes at an equal distance from each other. They need to be threaded for bolts.

We will cut the PVC tube lengthwise and use it as a seal between the square tube and the generator housing.

We will also fix the diode bridge near the motor using self-tapping screws.

We connect the black wire from the engine to the plus of the diode bridge, and the red to the minus.

We fasten the shank with self-tapping screws to the opposite end of the pipe.

We connect the blades to the hub using bolts, be sure to use two washers and a grower for each bolt.

We twist the sleeve onto the motor shaft counterclockwise, holding the axis with pliers.

We screw the branch pipe to the masking flange using a gas wrench.

It is necessary to find the equilibrium point on the pipe with the fixed motor and shank. At this point, we fix the structure to the mast.

It is desirable to cover all metal parts that may undergo corrosion with high-quality enamel.

A wind generator for a private house should be installed at some distance from the main buildings, the mast must be secured with steel cable braces. The height depends on the possible strength of the wind, the terrain and artificial obstacles surrounding the power plant.

The electric current after the diode bridge must flow through the control ammeter to the electronic circuit for charging the battery. Directly to such a generator, you can connect low-power incandescent lamps. Charged batteries provide a stable constant voltage. It is recommended to use it for lighting (halogen lamps and LED strips), or bring it to the inverter to get 220V AC and connect any household appliances whose power does not exceed the parameters of the inverter.

The presented photo and video information will give you a better idea of ​​\u200b\u200bassembling a wind generator with your own hands.

Video of making a wind generator with your own hands

» Do-it-yourself simple home wind generator

Alternative energy produced through the “windmill” is a tempting idea that has captured a huge number of potential consumers of electricity. Well, electricians of various calibers trying to make a wind generator with their own hands can be understood. Cheap (practically free) energy has always been worth its weight in gold. Meanwhile, installing even the simplest home wind generator gives a real opportunity to get free current. But how to make a home wind generator with your own hands? How to make the wind energy system work? Let's try to reveal the curtain of mystery with the help of the experience of experienced electricians.

The topic of manufacturing and installing homemade wind generators is very widely represented on the Internet. However, most of the material is a banal description of the principles of obtaining electrical energy.

The theoretical method for the device (installation) of wind turbines has long been known and is quite understandable. But how things are practically in the domestic sector - a question that is far from being fully disclosed.

Most often, it is recommended to choose car generators or AC induction motors supplemented with neodymium magnets as a current source for home-made home wind generators.

The procedure for converting an asynchronous AC motor into a generator for a windmill. It consists in the manufacture of a “fur coat” of the rotor from neodymium magnets. Extremely complex and lengthy process

However, both options require significant refinement, often complex, expensive, and time-consuming.

It is much simpler and easier in every way to install electric motors like those that were produced before and are now produced by Ametek (example) and others.

For a home wind turbine, DC motors with a voltage of 30 - 100 volts are suitable. In generator mode, approximately 50% of the declared operating voltage can be obtained from them.

It should be noted: when operating in the generation mode, DC motors must be untwisted to a speed higher than the nominal one.

Moreover, each individual motor from a dozen identical copies can show completely different characteristics.

DC motor for home wind generator. The best option among the products manufactured by Ametek. Similar electric motors manufactured by other companies are also well suited.

Checking the efficiency of any similar motor is easy. It is enough to connect a conventional 12-volt incandescent car lamp to the electrical terminals and turn the motor shaft by hand. With good technical indicators of the electric motor, the lamp will definitely light up.

Wind generator in a home construction kit

• three blade propeller
• vane system,
• metal mast,
• battery charge controller.

It is desirable, but not necessary, to follow the sequence of production of all remaining parts of the wind generator. Sequence is the order that is necessary in any business to achieve effectiveness. Obviously: ready-made kits provide significant assistance in the construction of a power machine:

Making propeller blades

It seems quite easy and simple to manufacture the blades of the generator propeller from a plastic pipe with a diameter of 150-200 mm.

For the described design of a home wind generator, three blades were made (cut out). Material: 152mm plumbing pipe. The length of each blade is 610 mm.

Blades for the propeller of a home wind generator. Propeller elements are made of ordinary plumbing pipe, which is widely used in housing and communal services

The plumbing pipe is initially cut to size with a small margin for processing. Then the cut piece is cut along the axial line into four identical parts.

Each part is cut out according to a simple template for a working propeller blade. All cut edges must be carefully cleaned - polished for better aerodynamics.

The wind generator propeller elements are plastic blades, fixed on a pulley assembled from two separate disks. The pulley is mounted on the motor shaft and is attracted by a screw.

The part of the hub on which the blades are attached has a diameter of 127 mm. The other part is a gear, 85 mm in diameter. Both parts of the hub were not specially made.

The propeller blades of a home windmill fixed on the hub. Assembled from improvised parts and ready to be installed on a home wind generator, the simplest propeller

The metal disc and gear were found in old technical trash. But the disk was without a hole for the shaft, and the gear had a small diameter. By combining these parts into a single whole, it was possible to solve the problem of the ratio of mass and diameter.

After fixing the blades, it remains only to close the end of the hub with a plastic fairing (again, for aerodynamics).

Wind vane base

An ordinary wooden block (preferably hardwood) 600 mm long is suitable for a weather vane base. At one end of the bar, an electric motor is fixed with clamps, and a “tail” is mounted at the other.

Vane part of the installation, where the engine and tail of the windmill are installed. The motor is additionally fixed with clamps, the tail with overhead blocks

The tail section is made of sheet aluminum - it is a cut-out rectangular piece that is simply installed between the guide blocks and fastened with screws.

To improve the durability properties, it is recommended to additionally treat the wooden block with impregnation and varnish it on top.

On the lower plane of the bar, at a distance of 190 mm from the rear end of the bar, a tubular outlet is fixed through the support flange for connection with the mast.

Vane system of a home windmill (its lower part), made from simple affordable parts. Every household owner will find such details.

Not far from the flange fixing point, a hole d = 10-12 mm is drilled on the pipe wall for the cable outlet through the pipe from the wind turbine to the energy storage device.

Base and articulated mast

While the vane part of the home wind generator is already ready, the turn comes to the production of the support mast. It is quite enough to raise a home installation to a height of 5-7 meters. The metal pipe d=50 mm (outer d=57 mm) fits just right under the mast of this wind turbine project for the home.

The support plate for the lower part of the home windmill mast is made of thick plywood (20 mm). Pancake diameter 650 mm. Along the edges of the plywood pancake, 4 holes d = 12 mm were drilled evenly in a circle and with an indent of 25-30 mm.

The lower and upper parts that will fit between the mast. On the left, a support platform with a hinged mechanism for lifting / lowering the wind generator installed on the surface

These holes are designed for temporary (or permanent) pin fastening to the ground. For the strength of the installation, the plywood from below can be reinforced with a steel sheet.

A structure assembled from metal plumbing flanges, branch pipes, angles and a tee coupling is attached to the surface of the support plate.

Between the corners and the tee coupling, the threaded joint is not completely made. This is done on purpose to get the hinge effect. Thus, lifting or lowering the wind turbine can be carried out without difficulty at any time.

The stand for the mast of the windmill is equipped with four holes for additional fastening with pins to the ground. So, approximately, the state of the support element looks like when the mast is installed and raised

The tee coupling is connected by a central outlet to a piece of pipe, in the lower part of which a limiter for the mast pipe is installed. The mast pipe is put on a tubular piece of smaller diameter until it stops against the limiter.

Approximately in the same way, the upper part of the mast and the vane system of the windmill are connected. But there, as a limiter, bearings are installed inside the mast pipe.

Fastening the mast with braces is carried out as standard using conventional clamps, which are easy to do with your own hands from sheet metal

So, to assemble the entire mast system, without any fasteners, you just need to connect the lower and upper parts to the mast pipe. Then, thanks to the articulated device, raise the wind turbine and fix the mast with braces.

The convenience of the hinge system is obvious. For example, in case of bad weather, a wind generator can be quickly “laid” on the ground, preserved from destruction and just as quickly installed in working position.

Home wind generator and controller circuit

Control of voltages and currents taken from the generator of a home wind power plant and supplied to batteries is a must. Otherwise, the battery will quickly fail.

The reason is obvious: the instability of the charging cycle and violations of the charging parameters. Or it should be used, for example, which are not afraid of chaotic cycles, high voltages and currents.

Control functions are achieved by assembling and including a simple electronic circuit in the design of a home wind generator. Home wind turbines are usually equipped with relatively simple circuits.

Schematic diagram of the wind turbine battery charge controller, the assembly of which is described in this publication. Minimum electronic components and high reliability

The main purpose of the circuits is to control a relay that switches the outputs of a wind generator to a battery or to a ballast load. Switching is performed depending on the current voltage level at the battery terminals.

The controller circuit, traditional for home windmills, was also used in this case. The electronic board contains a small number of electronic components. The circuit is easy enough to solder with your own hands at home.

The principle of construction ensures that the batteries are charged until the limit voltage limit at the terminals is reached. The relay then switches the line to the installed ballast. The relay must be taken with a contact group for high currents, at least 40-60A.

Setting up the circuit involves adjusting the trimmers to set the appropriate voltages for the “A” and “B” control points. The optimal voltage values ​​​​at these points are: for "A" - 7.25 volts; for "B" - 5.9 volts.

If the circuit is configured for such parameters, the battery will be disconnected when the voltage at the terminals reaches 14.5 V and reconnected to the wind turbine line when the voltage at the terminals is 11.8 V.

Structural electrical diagram of a home windmill: A1 ... A3 - battery; B1 - fan; F1 - smoothing filter; L1 ... L3 - incandescent lamps (ballast); D1 ... D3 - powerful diodes

The wind generator circuit provides for the control of fan "3" (can be used to ventilate battery gases) and an alternative load "4" through power transistors of the IRF series.

The status of the outputs is indicated by red and green LEDs. The installation of manual control of the controller state through the buttons "1" and "2" is provided.

Features of connecting the system

Concluding the publication, one important feature should be noted. (assuming the turbine is already running) must be carried out in the following sequence:

1. Connect the battery contacts to the battery terminals.
2. Connect the wind generator contacts to the relay terminals.

If this sequence is not followed, there is a high risk of controller failure.

Installation of a 4 kW wind generator - video guide

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In terms of wind energy resources, Russia occupies a rather ambivalent position. On the one hand, it accounts for a huge area, rich in flat places. On the other hand, the winds here are slow and have low potential. They can be quite riotous in places where few people live. In accordance with this, the task of arranging a home-made wind generator becomes urgent.

Source of electricity

At least once a year, tariffs for electricity services are increased, often by several times. This hurts the pockets of citizens whose wages are not growing as rapidly. Home craftsmen used to resort to a simple, but rather unsafe and illegal way to save on electricity. They attached a neodymium magnet to the surface of the flow meter, after which it suspended the operation of the meter.

If the specified scheme initially worked smoothly, then problems arose with it in the future. This was explained by several reasons:

All this prompted people to search for alternative sources of electricity, for example, wind turbines. If a person lives in areas where winds blow regularly, such devices become a lifesaver for him. The device uses the power of the wind to generate energy.

The body is equipped with blades that drive the rotors. The electricity thus obtained is transformed into direct current. In the future, it passes to consumers or accumulates in the battery.

A homemade wind generator can act as the main or additional source of energy. As an auxiliary device, it can heat water in a boiler or feed home lamps, while all other electronics work from the main network. It is also possible to operate such generators as the main source where houses are not connected to electricity. Here the devices feed:

• lamps and chandeliers;
• heating equipment;
• consumer electronics.

The wind farm is capable of feeding low-voltage and classic appliances. The former operate on a voltage of 12-24 volts, and the wind generator is capable of providing power at 220 volts. It is made according to the scheme using inverter converters. Electricity is stored in its battery. There are modifications for 12-36 Volts. They differ in a simpler design. They use standard battery charge controllers. To ensure the heating of the home, it is enough to make wind generators with your own hands at 220 V. 4 kW is the power that their engine will provide.

Product Features

It is profitable to create a windmill with your own hands. It is enough to find out that factory products with a power of no more than 5 kW cost up to 220,000 rubles, as it becomes clear how much better it is to use the available materials and make them yourself, because this will save a lot of money.

Of course, factory modifications rarely break and are more reliable. But if a breakdown happens, you will have to spend huge sums on the purchase of spare units.

Shop models are often inaccessible to most citizens. It takes 10 to 12 years to recoup the cost of purchasing such a device, although certain types of devices recoup these costs a little earlier. Having made a 2 kW wind generator with your own hands, you can get far from the most perfect design, but in the event of a breakdown, you can easily repair it yourself. A miniature windmill of low power can be assembled without problems by any person who knows how to handle tools.

Key nodes

As mentioned, a wind generator can be made at home. It is necessary to prepare certain nodes for its reliable functioning. They include:

1. Blades. They can be made from different materials.
2. Generator. You can also assemble it yourself or buy ready-made.
3. Tail zone. Used to move the blades in the direction of the vector, providing the highest possible efficiency.
4. Multiplier. Increases the speed of rotation of the rotor.
5. Mast for fasteners. It plays the role of an element on which all specified nodes are fixed.
6. Tension ropes. Necessary for fixing the structure as a whole and protecting it from destruction under the influence of wind.
7. Battery, inverter and charge controller. Contribute to the transformation, stabilization of energy and its accumulation.

Beginners should consider simple rotary wind generator circuits.

Manufacturing instructions

A windmill can even be made from plastic bottles. It will spin under the influence of the wind, while making noise. There are many possible schemes for arranging such products. The axis of rotation can be placed in them vertically or horizontally. These devices are mainly used for pest control in the garden.

A homemade wind generator is similar to a bottle windmill in design, but it is larger and has a more solid design.

If you attach a motor to a windmill to fight moles in the garden, it will be able to provide electricity and feed, for example, LED lamps.

Generator Assembly

To assemble a wind farm, you will definitely need a generator. It is necessary to put magnets in its body, which will provide electricity in the windings. This type of device has certain types of electric motors, for example, which are installed in screwdrivers. But it will not be possible to make a generator from a screwdriver. It will not provide the required power. It is only enough to feed a small LED lamp.

It is also unlikely that a wind farm can be made from a car generator. This is explained by the fact that in this case an excitation winding is used, which is powered by a battery, which is why it is not suitable for these purposes. You should select a self-excited generator of optimal power or buy a ready-made model. Experts recommend purchasing it ready-made, because this device will provide high efficiency, but no one bothers to do it yourself. Its maximum power will be at the level of 3.5 kW.

What you need to take:

They put the rotor and stator and at a distance of 2 mm. The windings are combined in such a way that a 1-phase AC source is obtained.

Creating the blades

In windy weather, 3.5 kW of power can be extracted from the finished device. With an average intensity of the air flow, this figure is not more than 2 kW. The device is silent when compared with models on an electric motor.

You should think about the place of installation of the blades. In the example under consideration, a simple modification of a horizontal type wind generator with three blades is made. You can try to make a vertical version, but its efficiency will be reduced. On average, it will be 0.3. The only advantage of this design will be the ability to work in any direction of the wind. Simple blades are made using the following materials:

It is one thing to make blades for a wind turbine with your own hands, and quite another to ensure a balanced design. If all the nuances are not taken into account, a strong wind will easily destroy the mast. As soon as the blades are made, they are installed together with the rotor on the mounting site, where the tail section will be fixed.

Launch and performance evaluation

Even if the wind generator was manufactured in accordance with all the rules, the wrong choice of a place to place the mast can play a cruel joke on the master. The element must be vertical. It is better to place the generator together with the blades as high as possible - where strong winds "walk". Nearby there should not be houses, any large buildings, separately growing trees. All this will block the flow of air. If any interference is detected, the generator should be placed at a certain distance from them.

After the installation starts to work, you should connect a multimeter to the generator branch and check if there is voltage. The system can be considered ready for full operation. After that, it remains to find out what voltage will enter the dwelling and how this will happen.

Connecting process at home

After arranging an almost silent windmill with good power, it is necessary to connect household appliances to it. When assembling such a device with your own hands, you should take care of buying an inverter converter with an efficiency of 99%. In this case, the losses for the transition of direct current to alternating current will be the smallest, and there will be three nodes in the case:

1. Battery pack. Able to accumulate energy for the future, which is generated by the device.
2. charge controller. Provides longer battery life.
3. Converter. Transforms direct current into alternating current.

You can install equipment to power lighting fixtures and household appliances that can operate at a voltage of 12-24 volts. In this case, there is no need for an inverter converter. For appliances that allow you to cook food, it is better to use gas equipment powered by a cylinder.