What putty is best for concrete. How is concrete wall plastering done? Preparing the concrete base for painting

Hello dear blog readers! A huge number of people, before sticking wallpaper, think about whether it is necessary to putty and prime the walls. Even, it seems, priming and puttying the walls under the wallpaper with your own hands is easy to do, but are they so important and necessary? Is it worth spending your time and money? This is what we will talk about next.

Summary of this article:

Why is it necessary to putty the walls before wallpapering?

Puttying the walls before wallpapering is necessary, first of all, to completely level the base of the walls. Thanks to this procedure, the wallpaper will lay down as an even sheet when glued, and after drying, small tubercles and other irregularities will not appear, unlike an unprepared surface.

Also, in favor of puttying the walls under the wallpaper, the transparency of some modern types of wallpaper speaks. If the walls were not prepared for wallpapering, then after the glue dries, dark spots that were on the walls can be seen through the wallpaper, and now they will visually destroy all your repair efforts.

As you know, mixes for puttying walls, presented on the construction market, for the most part have a light, most often even white shade. It is this property that will protect the wallpaper from various kinds of translucence.

Then, the puttying of the walls gives a certain lull to the whole room, i.e. creates a good effect of sound insulation (noise insulation).

In addition, puttyed walls create a solid, even surface, adhesion to which the wallpaper will be as reliable as possible.

Do not forget about the good water resistance (waterproofing) of the walls after puttying. Putty walls repel moisture, which allows you to significantly save on the consumption of wallpaper glue when wallpapering.

What is the best wall putty for wallpaper?

Modern mixes for puttying walls for wallpaper differ both in external characteristics and in their composition.

According to the external characteristics of putties for walls, the division is as follows:

• Mixtures in the form of pastes, which are ready-made and do not require further preparation.

• Dry powder mixes that require the addition of liquid during preparation.

According to the composition, mixtures for puttying walls for wallpaper are divided into:

• Polymer mixtures, or as they are also called acrylic (latex). They are easy to apply to the wall, and are also easy to rub and polish in the future.

• Gypsum and cement mixtures. They are the best and most common. They are easy to use and very reliable. They require water to cook.

• Dispersed water mixtures. They have a very viscous consistency and are sold ready-made. The only disadvantage of using them is a slight shrinkage after complete drying.

Most of all, cement and gypsum dry powder mixtures are suitable for correct and trouble-free wall filling before wallpapering. they are easy to apply, and, having the properties of repelling moisture after drying, do not enter into a chemical reaction with wallpaper paste, which is diluted with water during preparation.

What tool is needed to putty the walls under the wallpaper?

The first step is to choose a container for mixing the solution. It has to be roomy and comfortable at the same time.

A power tool will need a nozzle called a mixer. This is a special building attachment that looks a bit like a kitchen whisk for a mixer or blender. It is with its help that it will be possible to achieve the desired consistency of the solution.

Also an important tool when puttying walls for wallpaper is the building level, with which you will be able to smoothly complete all the work. It can be either a laser version or water, oil, or alcohol.

If the surface of the wall is already very uneven, then the mixture will need to be applied in a thick layer. Here the rule will come to the rescue - both wood and metal will do.

Of course, you can not do without spatulas of various sizes. In hard-to-reach places, you will need small spatulas, and in spacious areas - large ones.

Brushes or rollers are also very important tools needed when puttying walls for wallpaper. With their help, a special deep penetration primer will be applied to the surface of the walls.

Do not forget about sandpaper, the so-called sandpaper (sandpaper). It is necessary to stock up on it, both fine-grained and coarse-grained. With its help, grinding, it will be necessary to bring the putty walls to the ideal.

A sandpaper clamp, or as it is also called a manual skinner, is also useful. With its help, it is much faster and more convenient to deal with grouting or grinding putty walls.

Preparing the surface of the walls for putty

The process of preparing walls for applying putty can be divided into the following stages:

• Removing a layer of whitewash from the walls. Do not be surprised, many people still have a greasy layer of whitewash from Soviet times on the walls. To make it go away better, you need to moisten it with water, and after a while just wipe it off with a large machine sponge, finish off hard-to-remove places with a spatula or scraper.

• Cleaning the surface of the walls from the old layer of wallpaper. Here, too, moisture cannot be dispensed with; it is necessary to moisten a layer of old wallpaper with plenty of warm water, walking over it with a moistened roller. You can make small notches on the wallpaper so that they absorb water faster with something sharp. Next, after waiting a bit, remove the wallpaper with a large spatula or scraper, starting from the joints.

• Removing the old layer of paint. Here you can simply scrape the paint mechanically, but it is very laborious and time consuming. Heat treatment is considered the most correct solution, i.e. heating the surface of the walls with old paint with a gas burner or hair dryer. After heating, the paint swells and is easily removed with a scraper or spatula.

• Wall primer. Priming mixtures are very important - they create a dense film, the adhesion of subsequent finishing materials to which is very reliable. Also, primed walls are less susceptible to all sorts of fungi and dampness.

After the high-quality implementation of all these preparatory stages, your walls are completely ready for applying putty.

Working with starting wall putty: highlights

The main points, when starting puttying the walls under the wallpaper, which you need to remember and observe, are the following:

• To avoid cracking of the solution after drying, each layer of the starting putty must be applied carefully, not thicker than 3 mm each.

• The base of the walls for the starting putty must be necessarily primed with high quality in advance, only in this way the adhesion will be as strong as possible.

• Rough putty will sit even stronger if you use a paint grid under it. Thanks to it, rather large wall defects can be covered during puttying. Puttying on the grid is very easy on your own, besides, thanks to the paint grid, the putty is saved and its consumption is reduced.

• A very smooth surface is contraindicated for starting putty, for example, drywall, which has a very even structure. You can immediately apply the finishing layer of putty on it, the starting one will hold less firmly, because. she likes a more porous surface structure.

• After applying each layer of starting putty, it is imperative to prime the resulting layer, so each subsequent layer will be most reliably bonded to the previous one.

After applying each layer of starting putty, it is imperative to prime the resulting layer, so each subsequent layer will be most reliably bonded to the previous one.

Self-putty walls on lighthouses under the wallpaper

When puttying the walls on the beacons with your own hands under the wallpaper, these same beacons can be metal profiles, most often used for fixing drywall sheets, as well as any other convenient wooden or metal slats.

Initially, one rail is placed at the beginning and at the end of the wall, using a building level for accuracy - it can be either laser, water, or alcohol.

The slats themselves can be attached to the wall both with the help of dowels with self-tapping screws, and using a mixture of gypsum, which, after hardening, holds the beacons quite securely.

Further, between the installed beacons, they pull the most ordinary rope, or any other thread available in the household. After that, a control check is again made by the building level of the correctness of the resulting structure for puttying the walls.

Then, intermediate beacons are installed, at a distance of the length of the rule. It is on them that the rule will go, leveling the putty from the bottom up.

When self-puttying the walls along the beacons, the starting putty is also used, each subsequent applied layer of which must be thoroughly primed with a deep penetration primer.

Do-it-yourself finishing putty on the walls under the wallpaper: instructions with a photo

It is not so difficult to make finishing wall putty with your own hands under the wallpaper. If you coped with the starting putty, then the finishing one will definitely not give you any trouble and difficulties.

All work during finishing puttying is, in principle, similar to work during starting puttying of walls, with the exception of one point - each subsequent layer of finishing putty should not be thicker than 2 mm, in contrast to 3 mm when starting puttying.

The main condition for starting the finishing putty is a well-prepared wall surface, i.e. all possible remnants of the starting mixture on the surface of the walls should be removed with a wide iron spatula, and the wall itself should be sanded and primed with high quality.

The ideal result when finishing puttying the walls can be achieved using several carriers with powerful light bulbs. By directing streams of light from several sides at the same time, it is possible to understand from the resulting shadows where the most uneven areas are.

And vice versa, if the shadows are not formed at all, then the work on finishing putty can be considered perfectly done. Next, you need to minimally clean the surface with a fine-grained sandpaper and apply a primer.

How to properly apply putty on the walls with your own hands - the technology of applying the solution under the wallpaper

In order to properly apply putty on the walls yourself before sticking wallpaper, you need to follow certain rules:

• It is necessary to use in the process of puttying the walls under the wallpaper not one spatula, but two. One should be large and wide, the other small and comfortable. It is best to use a stainless steel spatula.

• Due to the use of two spatulas, there is a significant savings in the leveling mortar, because. the remains of the mixture from a large spatula, when applied, are selected with a small one, and are again put into action.

• The direction of movement of the hand with the spatula should be cruciform, i.e. after applying the layer from the bottom up, first gently turn to the left, then once again go over the same place with a spatula, only turning to the right. With such cross-puttying, the surface of the walls is perfectly smooth as a result.

The leveling mixture must be applied with light, but at the same time smooth hand movements, preferably in one go. When applying the spatula, it is necessary to hold it slightly at an angle (from 60 to 80 degrees, depending on the thickness of the required layer), so that the leveling mixture is evenly distributed over the wall.

The most common mistakes when puttying walls for wallpaper with your own hands

Here is a list of those mistakes that are most common when puttying walls for wallpaper:

• After applying the starting layer of putty, most people are not only too lazy to sand, but simply walk on it with at least a wide spatula to knock off the remnants of the hardened mixture, then when applying the finish layer, this will all manifest itself.

• Lack of priming of the starting layer of putty. Again, mostly due to laziness. Everyone thinks and so it will ride.

• No need to start puttying the walls from the corner. As a rule, it is the corners that are the most crooked places on your walls. You need to step back a little from them and start puttying on a flat wall surface. Corners must be displayed at the very end.

• Dirty container for mixing the solution. Everything superfluous that is in an unclean container after mixing the solution will stretch along the wall during application, and leave traces behind it.

• Also, various debris particles can get into the solution when kneading from a poorly cleaned mixer - a perforator nozzle or a drill to stir the mixture.

• Very thin solution. Such a mixture will simply flow down the wall. The consistency is considered ideal, similar to thick sour cream.

• Damaged or bent spatula. If a wide spatula has obvious damage, then you should not use it. You cannot achieve a perfectly flat surface with such a spatula.

Step-by-step and understandable instructions for self-puttying the walls under the wallpaper

For the correct independent performance of work on puttying the walls under the wallpaper, you must follow the step-by-step instructions:

• Wall surface preparation. At this stage, it is necessary to remove everything superfluous from the walls - old paint, wallpaper, any irregularities.

• After the procedure for removing all unnecessary items, it is necessary to prime the walls with a deep penetration primer.

• Next comes the application of the starting layer of putty. The maximum thickness of the applied mortar during the initial puttying of the walls should not exceed 1.5 cm. The applied mortar may consist of many layers, but in total it is not necessary to go beyond the thickness indicated above.

• If another layer of putty is required to completely level the walls, then it is best to reinforce it with a reinforcing mesh or paint mesh. The previous layer of putty is primed, after drying, a little mixture is applied to it, on which the paint grid is attached. Further, on top of it, the necessary leveling layer of putty is applied.

• Finishing corners, both external and internal. These corners can be brought when puttying with a special coal spatula, or with an ordinary wide one.

• Next comes the finishing plastering of the walls. Before it starts again, the previous layers must be primed and cleaned. The finishing putty is applied in the same way as the starting putty, only with a smaller layer - up to 2 mm.

As a result, the resulting putty surface is carefully polished and cleaned with emery with light circular movements.

How to putty concrete walls under the wallpaper with your own hands?

In order to properly perform puttying work for sticking wallpaper with your own hands on the concrete surface of the walls, you must adhere to the following sequence of actions:

• Surface primer. With a wide roller, a deep penetration primer is carefully applied to the surface of concrete walls. After the soil has completely dried, you can safely proceed to the next step.

• Next, we pour a dry leveling mixture for puttying the walls into a clean container, take a puncher with a special mixer nozzle, and mix the mixture thoroughly until a solution consistency similar to thick sour cream is formed.

• We check the quality of the resulting mixture with a small spatula, if there are small lumps or seals, continue mixing with a construction mixer until fully cooked.

• After thorough mixing, we take out a small amount of the solution from the container with a small spatula and evenly distribute it along the entire length of the wide spatula.

• We apply a wide spatula with a leveling mixture to the surface of the concrete wall at a slight angle and begin to smoothly, without much pressure, move the spatula up to the left, then up and to the right - crosswise.

• With a small spatula, remove the remaining mixture from the large one, carefully assemble it again on the edge of the large spatula, and apply new portions of the solution evenly from the container along the remaining length.

• We continue leveling concrete walls until complete readiness.

• After drying, you can start grouting (grinding) the walls. To do this, we put sandpaper on a skinner (a special clip for sandpaper with a comfortable handle) and grind the surface of concrete walls in a circular motion to a perfect result.

Puttying brick surfaces on their own for wallpapering

There are a number of consistent rules for puttying brick walls for wallpapering with your own hands:

• Brick walls that are planned to be puttied must first be properly primed. For this, it is best to use a deep penetration primer.

• After the soil has dried, a starting solution is prepared for leveling. In finished form, it should be similar to ordinary sour cream, in its consistency.

• The finished putty solution with a large spatula is evenly distributed over the surface of the brick wall in an even layer.

• In one sitting, it is recommended to putty the entire brick wall at once, i.e. from the beginning to the end. This results in the most uniform and smooth application of the mixture.

• After the starting layer of putty has dried, a primer must be applied.

• Next, we prepare the finishing mortar for leveling brick walls, its consistency should be slightly thinner than when preparing the starting mixture, because. the finish layer will be much smaller. The finishing putty is applied according to the same principle as the starting one.

• After the puttied surface of the brick walls has completely dried, it must be sanded to a perfectly smooth result.

• At the end, you can check the thoroughness of the surface by applying the rule. If it fits completely, leaving no gaps, then we can consider the work done with a bang.

Proper application of putty on wooden walls under the wallpaper with your own hands

To properly apply putty with your own hands on wooden walls before sticking wallpaper, you must follow the following instructions:

• Wooden walls, like any other, are necessarily subjected to the priming process at the very beginning. The primer will provide the strongest adhesion of the wood surface to the putty layers. In addition, the soil protects the tree from the processes of decay, aging and the formation of fungus.

• After complete drying of the primer layer, a base (starting) putty is applied with a layer of up to 3 mm.

• The dried starting layer is polished with coarse-grained sandpaper in a circular motion without strong pressure (it is best to use a manual skinner - an emery clip).

• Further, on top of the polished base layer of putty, a deep penetration primer is applied with a large roller, and in the corners of the room with a paint brush.

• Next, one or two (if necessary) layers of finishing mortar are applied to the dried primed base layer, each with a thickness of no more than 2 mm.

• At the end of all the manipulations done, the finishing layer of putty is rubbed with sandpaper and primed well at last.

• After the surface has dried, you can safely proceed to sticking wallpaper on wooden puttied walls.

Do-it-yourself professional plasterboard putty under the wallpaper

It is necessary to putty plasterboard walls for wallpapering for three reasons:

• One day, wallpaper pasted directly on drywall will become obsolete morally or physically. Here it’s just not possible to peel them off - along with the old wallpaper, a layer of drywall will leave.

• If you have chosen a light-colored wallpaper for your interior and pasted it directly onto the drywall, be prepared to see through it all the fasteners of the drywall - dark heads of self-tapping screws, screws, etc.

• Again, if the wallpaper you have chosen for gluing is not dark, then their shade, when placed directly on the drywall sheets, will shade and fade a little.

To professionally perform wall puttying under plasterboard wallpaper with your own hands, you must adhere to the following rules:

• Be sure to prime the drywall several times before puttying, because. it absorbs soil very well.

• You can not apply the starting solution at all, it is better to immediately use the finishing mixture.

• Next, you need to properly drown all the heads of the screws in drywall so that they do not interfere with puttying.

• At the joints of drywall sheets, in order to avoid cracking, it is necessary to putty on the paint grid.

• After completion of the finishing putty, the surface is carefully rubbed and primed.

After drying, you can safely stick wallpaper on putty drywall.

How to independently make smooth corners of the walls under the wallpaper with putty?

Work on self-puttying the corners of the walls in the room, before wallpapering, is different, depending on the type of corner. As you know, there are internal and external corners.

When puttying internal corners, you first need to level the adjacent surfaces that make up these corners as much as possible. To do this, apply the mixture with a wide spatula, starting from the corner, first in one direction, then in the other.

After the mixture has dried in the corners, be sure to grind it first with coarse-grained sandpaper, then gradually reducing it with fine-grained sandpaper. Be sure to use a skinner, because. without it, work on aligning internal corners will be very complicated.

When self-puttying the outer corners of the room, it is easiest to use special metal corners that are freely available at any hardware store.

They have small holes along their entire length, into which the mixture enters during puttying, which ultimately ensures the strength of the corner structure.

They are mounted very simply - first, a little mixture is applied to the outer corner with a spatula along the entire length, then a metal corner is applied directly to the mixture, after which it is pressed, and the remnants of the protruding mixture are leveled with a spatula towards both adjacent walls.

Self-made putty from dry mortar

In order to qualitatively, and most importantly, make putty on your own, for applying to the walls for wallpapering, from ready-made dry building mixtures, you must follow the step-by-step instructions:

• Next, you need to pour the required amount of dry mix, which is indicated by the manufacturer of the solution on the package. Be sure to read these guidelines before starting work.

• As a rule, it is desirable to make such an amount of leveling compound in order to have time to completely use it up in about 35-45 minutes. Further, the mixture will simply dry out and lose its properties.

• Using a construction mixer, thoroughly mix the solution until a homogeneous mass, which should be similar in consistency to homemade sour cream.

• The solution should not contain debris, various specks, lumps, etc.

• Then it is necessary to let the solution brew for about 15 minutes, and then again walk through it with a construction mixer.

Calculation of the required amount of putty for leveling the walls under the wallpaper

In order to make correct calculations for the required amount of putty when self-aligning walls for wallpapering, you must have the following data:

• Number of windows and their dimensions

• Room height

• Wall Surface Condition - Porous concrete walls may require many layers of putty, while drywall walls require a minimum number of layers.

As an example, we calculate the amount of putty for a room with the following characteristics:

• Room dimensions - 2x3m

• Number of windows - 1 with dimensions 2x1.5m

• Room height - 2.5m

• Number of doors - 1 size 2x1m

• Wall surface condition - almost flat non-porous concrete surface

First of all, we calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls of the room using the formula:

P \u003d 2x (AxB + A1xB) -CxC1-DxD1

Below we will decipher the notation so that it is clear what is what:

P - the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls of the room

We multiply this part of the formula (AxB + A1xB) by 2, because the walls in our room are paired, i.e. two in parallel.

A and A1 - the width and length of the room

B - the height of the room

C and C1 - the width and height of the window opening

D and D1 - the height and width of the doorway

We substitute our data into the formula and get the following result:

P \u003d 2x (2x2.5 + 3x2.5) -2x1.5-2x1 \u003d 12.5m 2

Next, we need to calculate how much starting putty will be needed to level the walls with a layer, for example, 2mm thick. To do this, you need to pay attention to the packaging of the putty itself. There, the manufacturer clearly indicates the consumption of a mixture with a thickness of 1 mm per area of ​​1 m 2 - on average, this is 0.8 kg. Knowing this, we can perform calculations using the formula:

K = РхЕхЗ

The decoding of the indicators is as follows:

K - the amount of putty

P - the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls of the room (already calculated above)

E - the estimated thickness of the layer for leveling the walls

З - the consumption of the mixture indicated by the manufacturer on the package

We substitute our data in the formula and get:

K = 12.5x2x0.8 = 20kg

As a rule, putty is sold in construction markets in bags with a volume of 25 kg, i.e. in our case, one bag will be quite enough, even with a small margin of 5 kg.

After that, we calculate the amount of finishing putty required for the final leveling of the concrete surface, for example, with a layer of 1 mm. Again, you need to refer to the manufacturer's recommendations for the consumption of the mixture on the package - on average, for finishing putty it is 1 kg per 1 m 2 with a 1 mm layer. The finishing putty is slightly denser in structure than the starting putty, which is why the values ​​are different.

We substitute our values ​​into the same formula (K = PxEx3) and get the following results:

K \u003d 12.5x1x1 \u003d 12.5 kg

In this case, it is most likely more profitable to buy not a whole bag of finishing putty, but to take it by weight with a margin of 14 kg. This should be enough.

If you plan to apply the finishing putty in several layers, then you need to multiply the result obtained by the formula by the desired number of layers.

How to calculate the amount of primer needed when puttying walls for wallpaper?

When working on puttying walls for wallpapering in the future, you can’t do without primers, which are sold in plastic and other containers of various sizes.

They come ready-made and do not require any manipulations for preparation. Simply shake the container with a primer well before use, and feel free to use it.

For most people, when self-puttying the walls under the wallpaper, the question arises - how much primer to buy, so that there is probably enough and there is not too much left over?

All this can be approximately calculated independently. For calculations, we need the following data:

• Room dimensions - length and width

• Number of windows and their dimensions

• Room height

• Number of doors and their dimensions

For example, we calculate the required amount of primer in 2 layers for the same room, for which the amount of necessary starting and finishing putty was calculated above.

The formula for calculating the required amount of primer is as follows:

G = RxLxM

The decoding of the designations is as follows:

G - the required amount of primer

P - the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls of the room

L - primer consumption indicated on the packaging by the manufacturer

M - the number of intended layers of primer application

G \u003d 12.5x0.2x2 \u003d 5l

As a result, it turns out that 5 liters of primer will be quite enough for our premises, for high-quality preparation for puttying.

What is the best primer to use when puttying walls under wallpaper?

In order to choose the best primer for self-puttying walls for wallpaper, you need to understand what it generally happens and how it differs from each other. That is why we will briefly go over the types, characteristics and properties of various primers:

• Primer with color pigments (pigmented). Working with such a primer is a pleasure. You can immediately see which areas are poorly primed and which are sufficient.

• Primer with mineral additives (mineral). It contains multiple mineral chemicals that are good for your walls. It protects very well against the appearance of fungal infections.

• Primer with antiseptic effect (antiseptic primer). Great for wet areas such as bathrooms, kitchens, etc. It does a very good job of preventing mold and mildew.

• Acrylic primer. This is the most common type of primer used for all types of premises. In other words, it is universal.

After a little understanding of the types of solutions for priming walls for wallpapering, we can conclude that the best and most versatile primer for use under wallpaper is an acrylic primer. You won't go wrong choosing her.

Are plastered walls harmful to health?

Modern types of putties for leveling walls for wallpaper, like most building mixtures, consist of a number of chemical elements, with the help of which the necessary viscosity, good adhesion, elasticity and elasticity are formed.

Many people are interested in the question - will particles and vapors of these same chemical auxiliary elements that are part of building dry mixes for puttying walls harm the respiratory and other organs, as well as the skin, if you inhale and touch them during the puttying process itself and during dry walls?

If the manufacturer of mixtures is a large and serious manufacturer who respects himself and other people, then his products are certainly subject to the necessary quality certification and do absolutely no harm to the health of people using them.

Moreover, certified putty is not only harmless to people, but it also does not harm the environment.

Therefore, it is best to purchase building mixtures for wall putty in large retail outlets, and always check for the necessary quality certificates. Certified putty and walls puttied with it will definitely not harm your health and the health of your loved ones.

Video tutorial: do-it-yourself wall putty for wallpaper

In conclusion of this article, I would like to state that priming and puttying the walls under the wallpaper with your own hands are quite feasible tasks. It is better not to neglect these procedures. Of course, you can stick wallpaper without putty and primer, but how long they will last in this case is unknown. Therefore, do everything according to the mind, but according to the instructions. Great luck!

Below, leave your comments, suggestions, ask questions, express your opinion - this is very important to us!

When wondering why decorative puttying of walls and ceilings is needed, one should delve into the process itself in detail. It does not matter whether you will do the work yourself or invite specialists - knowledge of the technology and our advice will help you get the highest quality finish.

Types of putty - from simple to complex

Depending on the condition of the surface, it is possible to apply one layer of putty or combine several. For example, for a flat wall with flaws within 1–2 mm, a layer of finishing putty will suffice, but a problematic surface with more serious defects will first have to be treated with a starting compound. But more about everything.

• Starting puttying of the base - this stage of work is carried out with a special starting material to eliminate large surface differences, hide strobes, holes, etc. This is a rough treatment of the walls, after which you can get a smooth but porous surface. The layer thickness can be quite large - up to 1.5 cm. The material can be applied in several layers, but with drying pauses. In order to prepare the base as qualitatively as possible, the entire surface of the wall is processed, while using a reinforcing mesh. Putty adheres much better to the base, "sheathed" with a grid, and in the future you will avoid cracks.
• Puttying the base on the lighthouses - this stage of work is similar to the starting puttying, however, the whole process is carried out with the participation of special lighthouses, which are a wooden, gypsum or metal lath. Beacons are installed in the vertical plane under the level, and in the horizontal they line up in one line. With the help of such devices, the process of leveling the walls is much easier and faster. However, puttying on lighthouses is not used so often, since this process is more expensive, and the quality of the surfaces is practically the same, of course, if the work is done by professionals.
• Finishing puttying of the base - at this stage putties are used, which differ from the starting ones in a finer grain fraction. The composition is applied over the starting putty after it has dried and additionally processed. After grinding, a smooth surface is obtained, without cracks and pores, which in appearance resembles an egg shell.
  The material is applied in a rather thin layer (1-2 mm), repeating the previously prepared plane of the starting putty. Only with its help you can get a perfectly flat surface, so this stage of work cannot be excluded in order to save money. It is desirable that the base be white, in which case it will not shine through the light-colored wallpaper.
• Puttying cracks is one of the stages of preparing walls for putty. For this, gypsum mixtures are used, which are applied to the surface to be treated with a simple metal spatula. To make the process more efficient, the cracks are increased in depth and width in order to remove all cavities. Also, cracks should be treated with a primer that has the property of deep penetration in order to strengthen the damaged surface and increase its adhesion to putty. You can use a brush for this.
  You can start puttying only after the primer has completely dried. For these purposes, you can use alabaster or gypsum - they dry within half an hour. However, these materials are not flexible enough, so they are inconvenient to use. You can use modern materials, for example, satengypsum, which hardens longer, but has excellent elastic qualities.
  
• Mechanized wall putty is a separate type of putty, which differs in the process of applying solutions. In this case, special machines are used that spray plaster mixes under high pressure. The work is carried out very quickly, but a lot of equipment is required, so it is rational to use mechanized putty only on large areas.

Puttying concrete walls - the technology of applying the mortar to the base

Before proceeding with puttying, the wall surface should be carefully treated with a primer. Types of primers may vary depending on the base material and its purpose. One of the most important properties is the depth of penetration into the structure of the material, and the deeper, the better the coating will be.

The process of applying putty to the base is the same, regardless of its type. In fact, it is not difficult to putty walls, the most important thing in this case is the practice that can be obtained after processing several square meters. To do this, you will need several spatulas of different widths and a flat container, from which it will be convenient to collect putty. Be sure to purchase one that is easy to handle external and internal corners.

First you need to prepare the material if dry putty was purchased. Instructions for preparing the solution, as a rule, are located on the package itself. It is very important to act in full accordance with it and remember that the dry mixture is poured into the water, and not vice versa. You need to stir with a construction mixer or a conventional drill with a special nozzle. Part of the prepared putty is poured into a container, and the rest of the solution is covered with a lid so that it does not dry out.

A small spatula is needed in order to apply putty on a large one, it is also useful for processing hard-to-reach areas of the walls. When a large spatula is prepared, putty is applied to the wall. When leveling, you can lightly press the tool blade with your left hand.

The spatula is held at a certain angle to the surface, which can be adjusted to achieve the desired layer thickness - the larger the angle, the smaller the thickness.

After about a day, when the surface dries, they start grinding again. For it to be of high quality, this process must be carried out under good lighting (a spotlight on a rod or a powerful pendant lamp), which is directed at an angle to the wall. For convenience, the sanding belt is put on a special bar. After processing, there should be no defects on the surface (scratches, roughness, sagging, etc.). Ideally, if the wall resembles a white sheet of paper.

When is puttying with a reinforcing mesh used?

As a rule, putty with a reinforcing mesh is required in cases where there are too large differences on the surface of the walls. The use of sickle allows you to make the surface more durable and reliable, and it is also an excellent barrier to the formation of new cracks on painted surfaces (they may simply not be visible under the wallpaper). Cracks can form even on concrete bases, for example, at the joints of slabs of panel houses, which will certainly manifest themselves over time.

Puttying concrete walls has now established itself as the most common way to level surfaces, in particular: walls, floors and ceilings made of concrete. Concrete is a very specific material.

Its main feature is a low degree of hygroscopicity. Concrete almost does not absorb moisture, which prevents its adhesion with other mortars.

Plaster or putty penetrates into the pores and cracks on the surface to be finished, thereby providing adhesion, but in concrete there are very few such irregularities, so it is quite difficult to achieve adhesion.

Putty properties

The more elastic the putty, the better it penetrates into the pores of the base

For puttying concrete surfaces, it is necessary to use specially designed building mixtures. must have the following properties:

1. Elasticity. The material must penetrate into all pores of the concrete surface. The better the elastic performance, the easier it is to work with such a solution.
2. Thixotropy is the ability of a putty to thin out when applied and increase viscosity when it dries. It should be noted that when kneading the mixture will seem slightly liquid.
3. Frost resistance. Since putty is often used outdoors, it must be frost-resistant.

Concrete fillers must set quickly, form a very durable layer, and not shrink so that the surface does not crack due to the load, and cracks and other defects do not form in the future.

The waterproofing properties of the mixture play an important role when working with concrete and make it possible not to make a separate layer of waterproofing.

Types of putties

Cement mixtures are less elastic than gypsum

As a rule, when working with concrete, the following types of putties are used:

1. Cement. This is the most popular type of mixture in question. Its basis is cement, most often brand M-400 or M-500. The positive side is good water resistance. The negative aspects include the lack of elasticity and, as a result, the appearance of cracks after some time due to shrinkage. This concrete putty is used for finishing walls outside the building, rooms with high humidity and working with concrete floors.
2. . The basis of such material is gypsum. Due to the gypsum mixture, natural circulation of moisture occurs. The positive features include good thermal insulation, fire resistance, environmental friendliness. Fragility can be noted as a disadvantage. This mixture is used for interior decoration. It is not recommended to use this type of putty in rooms with high humidity (bathroom, shower room, swimming pool).
3. . Acrylic is the base. This is a universal putty, it is suitable for both exterior and interior work. Due to the good appearance of the finished surface, the acrylic mixture is often used for finishing ceilings without post-treatment.

To increase the adhesive properties of the working surface, it is recommended to treat the plane with a primer before applying the putty. In our case, when working with concrete, it is better to use concrete contact. However, when choosing a primer, you should pay attention to what kind of work: internal or external, it is intended.

Technical characteristics of putties

Before buying a building material, you must study its all technical characteristics.

Water consumption, color, viability, drying time of putty on concrete depends on the grades of the mixture itself.

The most popular for working with concrete floors are the brands of the following manufacturers:

Putty application technology

Move the grater with the mixture from the bottom up

It is necessary to putty concrete walls, ceilings and floors in several stages. First of all, you need to prepare the work surface, remove the old coating (peeled paint, plaster, putty), carefully clean and degrease oil stains. Cracks in the plane, if necessary, should be expanded.

If it is necessary to repair any defects, we use cement mortar for this and wait for it to dry completely. After that, using a construction vacuum cleaner, we remove dust and dirt.

After processing the concrete surface, carry out priming. It is recommended to apply two coats of primer, each coat must dry. It is convenient to apply the primer with a long-haired roller or a wide brush. To simplify the application of liquid, you can use a spray gun.

Now you can proceed to the process of mixing the solution. How to make putty? We take a container for mixing (bucket, deep basin), pour water. Usually a proportion of 5 liters of water per 25 kg of putty (1: 5) is taken.

The finished solution is applied by spraying

For stirring without lumps, use an electric drill with a nozzle. We lower the mixer into water and begin to stir, gradually adding the mixture. The resulting solution must be used within 3 hours after mixing.

The finished solution is applied by throwing it on a plane and further distributing it with a spatula. To make the surface more durable, you can use a reinforcing mesh or fiberglass. After the first layer has dried, a second layer should be applied. In this case, the direction of each subsequent layer changes to perpendicular to the previous one.

Finally putty on concrete dries out in about a day. At the final stage, we rub the dried, but not completely dried surface with sandpaper, using a grinder or a special grater. For more information about wall putty, see this video:

All work is recommended to be carried out in bright light. This makes it possible to see any irregularities and marks left by the spatula and remove defects in time. Only with the observance of the technologies for working with putties can an ideal surface be achieved. Also, most importantly, with great responsibility to approach the choice of the material itself, not to miss a single stage in preparing the surface and distributing the putty itself.

Stirring the putty mixture

[ Click on photo
for increase ]

There are no perfectly even walls: even a concrete wall has defects. In addition, concrete walls and partitions were not always correctly installed during the construction of the house. Therefore, puttying of concrete walls is an obligatory stage in the repair of an apartment of a typical panel house.

Preparing walls for plastering

Before puttying concrete walls, it is necessary to clean the walls of the old finish: remove the old wallpaper, clean the surface of the paint. You should also get rid of old, falling off plaster. Wide cracks, large chips and potholes must be repaired with cement mortar.

Technology

How to choose the right putty?
Putty is a special building mixture that is most often used to level walls to protect them from moisture and level them before applying a finishing material.

Types of wall putty
Due to the constant growth of requirements for the quality of repairs, it is simply impossible to start the final finish without putty

Plastering and painting the ceiling. Instruction + Video
Puttying and painting the ceiling are works for which it is necessary to prepare the base with high quality

Plasterboard plasterboard for painting. Operation technology + video
When all the preparatory work is completed, you can proceed directly to the plasterboard putty for painting video

How to putty a corner + Video
Correct processing of corners is an indicator of the professionalism of the master. In order for the walls to be even (as well as the corners), it is necessary to carefully set the beacons before plastering

At first glance, wallpapering seems simple, but in fact this process requires patience, and most importantly, the right approach. Everything should happen in several stages. First, the old coating is removed, then a rough finish is carried out, and finally, decoration is carried out. But some ignore the second stage of work, which is why the result is not entirely successful. Puttying the walls under the wallpaper is the most crucial moment, not only the final result, but also your self-esteem depends on it.

Choice of materials, tools

Putty has many obvious advantages. For example, it provides a perfectly smooth surface, smooths out the influx of plaster, eliminates small cracks and depressions. Any material that you would not use as a finish will ideally fall on a properly prepared wall.

Before you start puttying the walls under the wallpaper with your own hands, you will need to decide on the materials. They are presented in a wide range, and differ not only in price, but also in composition. The most affordable are dry mixes, they must be diluted with water before use. Ready-to-use mixtures are considered expensive materials.

In the process of work, you can not do without the following tools for puttying walls:

• spatula (angular, straight 10-15 cm, 25-30 cm);
• drill with a plug-in mixer for mixing the putty mixture;
• sandpaper for grouting;
• brush / roller for priming;
• net capacity of 15-25 liters.

Features of working with drywall

Strongly curved walls are usually sheathed with drywall, which allows not only to level the surface, but also to create decorative figures. Sheets of dry gypsum plaster have a smooth, even surface, but they are not monolithic, they are produced in certain sizes. Plastering plasterboard walls is mandatory, because after its installation, joints and attachment points appear. If we talk about mixtures suitable for him, then any (cement, polymer, gypsum) will do. The main thing is to consider in which room the repair is being done. For example, the first option is suitable for the bathroom.

The technology of puttying walls for wallpaper implies their initial treatment with a primer. To do this, you will need a roller, and brushes can be used for hard-to-reach places. After complete drying, proceed to leveling the surface with plaster, starting putty. The applied layer must also dry, after which it is covered with a primer.

If you are using a dry mix, then it will need to be prepared according to the instructions. First, water and powder are mixed with a spatula, when the composition becomes thicker, a drill with a mixer is used. Its readiness is determined by consistency. In order for the result to completely satisfy you, it is more expedient to use the best spatulas for puttying the walls, that is, made from quality materials.

The starting mixture is applied with a large spatula, in medium portions and evenly distributed over the entire surface. The tool must be held at an angle of 25-30 degrees, movements are made diagonally. In order to avoid the formation of bumps, transitions, each layer is overlapped to each other. To ensure perfectly even corners, a special angle-type spatula is used, but before that the putty is applied with a small tool. The first layer of the “start” should dry well, after which you can proceed to the “finish”. At this stage of puttying the walls under the wallpaper, a fine-grained mixture is used. It is applied twice in layers of 1-2 mm. After complete drying, the surface is polished.

What about concrete walls?

Preparing walls for puttying in a new building is not much different from working with drywall. In this case, if there are large chips, wide cracks, potholes, they must be repaired using cement mortar. If deviations from the vertical plane are significant, then a layer of leveling plaster must be applied. For this, beacons made of T-shaped metal profiles are exposed. The plaster mixture must be applied to a pre-primed surface, leveling is carried out using a building rule.

If you moved into an apartment where the walls were painted, you will have to work hard to clean the surface. You should not try to sand the surface or simply prime the paint, because the wallpaper will not last long on such walls. It is better to use a building hair dryer, a grinder, a grinder with a metal brush or a special wash.

The process of applying putty

After the plaster and primer are completely dry, you can begin to putty the concrete walls. The first step is the application of coarse-grained putty, the thickness of its layer is at least 5 mm. The mixture is applied with a wide spatula with sweeping hand movements. After it dries, the evenness of the wall is checked by the rule, the existing errors are corrected by finishing puttying. The mixture used for this is characterized by smaller particles. At the end, the walls are sanded and treated with a primer, after which wallpaper can be glued on them.