Extension to the house of foam blocks. Construction of an extension from foam blocks to a wooden house: types of extensions, construction features, stages of work, features of connecting an extension to a residential area Do-it-yourself extension from blocks to a wooden house

When there is not enough space in the house, the tenants think about what would be good to make an extension. For people who understand little about construction, building an extra room can raise a lot of questions. In this article, we will try to figure out what types of extensions are, what material it is better to make them from, what steps must be taken to build a building.

Types of extensions to a wooden house

Depending on the type of building being erected, the material, insulation, base and windows of the future premises are selected. It can be a kitchen, a toilet, a garage. In central Russia, you can often find a greenhouse that is attached directly to the building and has an entrance from the house - this is very convenient.

Connection diagram of the roof rafters of the main house and extension

Watering can be carried out from the central water supply. It is clear that the construction of any building must be agreed with the supervisory authorities and carried out in accordance with the technical regulations.

The construction of any structure to a building involves several stages:

1. Choosing a location for the location of the object;
2. Calculation of the size of the future structure;
3. Choice of materials;
4. Checking the estimate, as it is necessary to meet the budget;
5. Calculation of communications;
6. Thinking through the passage from the main house to the erected part;
7. Thinking about the location of windows.

   
   An example of a drawing of an extension from foam blocks to a wooden house

Of course, it is better to build a room from the same material as the house itself, but this is not always possible. If the house is wooden, and the new room is planned to be made more massive, then it is best to build it from foam blocks.

It is better to make an extension from the same material that the house itself consists of.

Features of the construction of extensions from foam blocks

It is necessary to start the construction of an additional room from foam blocks by drawing up a plan:

Recently, cellular concrete has become widespread as a material for construction. This is not surprising. Cellular concrete is light, with it you can make an extension to a wooden house without much effort.

Many builders choose this particular material, because with foam blocks you can save on the base: instead of a strip foundation, use a base on poles, for example.

The use of high-quality blocks is the key to the reliability of the building. You should pay attention to the color: it should be uniform. Aerated concrete should not have chips, cracks, stains.

Scheme of the foundation device for an extension of foam blocks

Material should be ordered at a large enterprise that has its own production. It is best to order blocks from the same batch. Construction should only be started using well-dried blocks, in dry weather. The block structure will be successfully erected both on a strip and on a column base.

Column Foundation

The advantage of this type of construction is not only its low cost, but also the fact that the owners will always be able to access the land under the building. The construction of a columnar base is recommended in areas where there is a lot of water in the soil.

Strip foundation

More solid construction should be started with a strip foundation. This base for construction is more expensive, but it will not have to be repaired so often. In addition, builders recommend making a strip foundation for an extension if the main building has the same type of foundation: this will save the building from skew.

Scheme of the construction of the wall of the veranda from foam concrete blocks

Monolithic foundation

Such a foundation for an extension is suitable for both a wooden house and a foam block structure. This foundation will be very strong, it will stand for centuries. However, its cost is so high that it is not advisable to use it as the basis for an extension.

A monolithic foundation for extensions is almost never used.

The main stages of work on the construction of an extension from foam blocks

The work consists of the following stages:

With the help of an extension of foam blocks, you can significantly increase the living area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house

1. Foundation. It is worth saying that the construction of a columnar foundation has one advantage - the construction of walls can be started immediately. If you make a foundation for an extension according to the tape type, then you will have to wait for it to shrink for at least six months. The foundation of the new building should be built at the same level as that of the main house, and it should also have the same shrinkage;
2. Walls. The walls of the extension to the building can be erected independently - work using blocks does not require special training. The finished foundation is covered with roofing material and the blocks are laid out from the corner. The first row is laid out on a cement mortar. The next rows will be fastened with glue for foam blocks (there is a summer and winter variety). The thickness of the seam during the construction of foam blocks should not exceed 3 mm, so that there are no cold bridges in winter. You can strengthen the building with additional reinforcement, which is driven into the base of the foundation and is located between the blocks. Use rebar no wider than 10 mm. Another way to build a massive extension to the house is to saw through the horizontal hollows in the established row of blocks, lay the reinforcement there and fill it with glue;
3. Jumpers. Lintels are used if the width of the opening is no more than 1.75 cm. If you plan to install a wider opening, then it is better to start construction using silicate bricks of the right size. A wooden frame is installed, then a row of pieces with a U-shaped cut is laid on it. Reinforcement is placed in the cutout and all this is poured with concrete mortar. After complete hardening, the wooden frame is removed. In the case of working with cellular concrete, it is difficult to implement design solutions for the opening. If it was planned to make an arch in the opening, and a round window in the wall, then this will not work with cellular concrete;
4. Overlappings. Overlapping is most often installed from a bar or log. The material is laid and fastened into pre-installed gaps, then ceilings are attached to it for further installation of the roof. The covering at the extension can be made of soft tiles, metal or in the old way - using roofing material. The type of coverage is chosen based on the purpose for which the building is being built.

   
   An example of a scheme for arranging an extension to a house

The thickness of the seam between the foam blocks should not exceed 3 mm!

Features of attaching an extension to a wooden house

Before starting the construction of an extension to a wooden house, you should carefully examine the walls of the main building. If there are rotten logs, they should be replaced. It is not bad to treat the wall with substances from the occurrence of mold, paint over with paint or varnish. At this stage, you should consider whether there will be insulation of this wall between the house and the extension.

Scheme of technology for constructing a columnar foundation for an extension of foam blocks

Then you should properly splice the foundation, which belongs to the wooden house and the new one. To do this, reinforcement about a meter long is inserted into the old foundation.

The second part of the reinforcement is sewn into the foundation for an extension to the house. If the foundation is columnar, then the outermost pillar is attached to the wooden house in the same way.

Scheme of an extension of an additional room to a residential building

The distance between the buildings is best laid with mineral wool, then you can make wooden planks and sheathe the structure with siding. This approach will not only save the house from warping, but also keep all the heat inside the room.

The roof of the cellular concrete building must be lower than the roof of the main building. This approach will avoid problems after shrinkage, in addition, precipitation will not fall on parts of the main building.

Now you can move on to warming. You can use almost any available material. Just do not forget that the foam blocks require the mandatory installation of a vapor barrier.

Scheme of a shallow foundation for an extension of foam blocks

Let's summarize:

• It is possible to attach a foam block structure to a wooden building;
• The foundation of the building can be columnar and tape, monolithic is not recommended;
• It is necessary to wait for the shrinkage of the strip foundation;
• The walls are installed from foam blocks, you can use additional reinforcing elements (mortar, fittings);
• Passages are installed using wooden supports and lintels with a hollow;
• We make the roof of a non-rigid structure, from wooden beams;
• We attach walls to the main building without rigid fastening;
• The roof of the extension must be lower than the covering of the house.

Video

You can watch a video on how to properly build an extension from foam blocks.

Do you have a wooden house, but you realized that its area is not enough? The easiest way to create a hall, living room or hallway is an extension to an existing building. As for the choice of materials, you can use traditional bricks, or you can make an extension from lighter and more modern foam blocks. Read on to learn how to properly build an extension.

Advantages of buildings from foam blocks

A foam block is called cellular concrete, obtained by mixing foam, cement, sand and water. It has a hygroscopic structure, high thermal insulation properties and good air permeability. For more details regarding the choice of materials for the construction of residential buildings, see.

An extension is a smart way to increase the living space of a house without the need for new capital construction.

Material advantages

Building benefits:

1. High environmental friendliness, no toxic substances in the composition.
2. Fire safety - buildings made of foam blocks are not subject to combustion.
3. Good indicators of heat and sound insulation - in the finished structure it will be quite quiet and warm.
4. Profitability - the blocks are relatively inexpensive and do not present any particular difficulties in the construction.
5. Reliability and durability - the extension will serve you up to 50 years.

Mounting foam blocks is not difficult, so you can handle this task yourself.

disadvantages

The main drawback of the material is its high hygroscopicity and not the most attractive appearance. It is possible to reduce their manifestations to a minimum by creating a quality waterproofing and performing a decorative facade finish.

Do-it-yourself project construction scheme

Any construction with your own hands must begin with the creation of a project scheme. In the plan for the future extension, indicate the dimensions of the future building, the type of foundation, the type of roof, the location of the openings and their dimensions, the placement of communications, the amount of building materials.

Scheme for the construction of a foam block extension

The project can be done independently in the form of a sketch, but it is better, of course, to order its implementation in a specialized company. Invite a master to assess the foundation, log house, roof - he will be able to offer you the best solution, taking into account the parameters of a residential building. A professionally created project also involves the preparation of estimates for the upcoming work. For more details on building an extension from foam blocks, see.

The roof of the future extension should be lower than the roof of the main building.

Choosing the type of foundation

For an extension made of foam concrete, a powerful base is not needed, but keep in mind that it must meet a number of parameters, namely:

• have a structure and depth of occurrence similar to the foundation of a residential building;
• to give the same shrinkage as the base of the main building (the shrinkage rate can be calculated using data on the heaving of the soil).

On non-heaving soils, a rigid bond of foundations with the use of reinforcement is used. The dimensions of the ligament are selected taking into account the strength calculation data. If you plan to do all the work yourself, it would be better to leave a deformation gap between the buildings and fill it with insulation - this way you will get a reliable high-quality connection without any hassle. By the way, the foundations can have different designs, but the floor level of the extension is always made below the floor level in the house. Read more about choosing a foundation for an extension.

Marking and pouring the base of the house

In most cases, strip foundations are made for foam block buildings - brick, prefabricated or monolithic . Before the layout of the site. The depth of laying, as well as the width of the base of the foundations, is determined taking into account the bearing capacity of the soil, as well as the level of groundwater.

Leveling and marking the site is a mandatory procedure. Without it, the walls can turn out to be uneven.

Since the foam block material is light, the cost of arranging the foundation will be relatively small. In those situations where there are no basements, the soil is usually developed by hand - this option eliminates the installation of formwork, which saves concrete.

The upper part and the sole of the foundation are reinforced with meshes.

Work order:

1. The territory of the site allocated for construction is marked with pegs and ropes.
2. A trench is dug - to a depth similar to the depth of the main foundation.
3. The foundations of the extension and the house are connected by reinforcement.
4. The reinforcement is poured with concrete, then the solution is left to dry.

Waterproofing is done on the foundation before laying the walls. For this you can use . The subsidence of the foundations must be uniform - otherwise cracks may appear on the walls in the future.

Ways to properly connect the extension and the house

The key to the reliability and durability of the extension is the right choice of base and its competent pairing with the foundation. There are two ways to connect the base of a residential building and an extension:

1. Rigid reinforcement - is used if the foundation of housing construction has already been established, and the "hanging" of the base of the extension to the draft of the house will not lead to critical levels.
2. Creating an expansion joint is a simpler and more economical option. It is carried out in a columnar, tape method or on screw piles. An insulator is laid on the top of the extension foundation.

Rigid docking of the foundation is done only in non-heaving soils.

Building walls from foam blocks

The laying of gas silicate foam blocks always starts from the corners. The underside is moistened - this is necessary to increase the adhesion of the material to the solution. On the first row, apply several layers of waterproofing composition, which provides reliable protection of the material from capillary moisture. Before applying each subsequent layer, the previous one must be moistened. Work out the first row in compliance with the principles of horizontal and vertical, as it determines the quality of the masonry as a whole.

The horizontal error is leveled using a mortar, laying is carried out on glue. The seams should have a small thickness - up to 1 mm. Prepare the mixture strictly according to the instructions and apply first on the horizontal and then on the vertical side of the block. The finished row of masonry is carefully leveled in the horizontal direction with a grinding float, the dust is swept away.

Every 5 rows and at the corners of the foam block extension, make reinforcement - it is responsible for binding the finished structure and prevents cracks from forming.

Cutting is best done with a circular saw. Knock out the grooves with a chisel and a hammer - a depth of 5 cm will be enough to install welded reinforcement. At the end, the reinforcement is filled with adhesive.

roof construction

The final stage of arranging the extension is. The main point in its arrangement is to make the correct angle of inclination, which will ensure the removal of moisture. A continuous connection between the roofs of the main house and the extension is not done, since this type of connection can sag and deform.

The roof of the extension can be both single-pitched and gable. The main thing is that it should be below the roof of the main house.

The canopy will need to be lowered slightly below the main level of coverage of the house - a difference of 2-3 cm will be enough. To prevent precipitation from getting inside the extension, make an overlap. The order of connection, the dimensions of the roof and the material must be provided already at the design stage.

In the arrangement of the roof, the main thing is to create the correct angle of inclination, which will ensure complete removal of moisture.

Proper finishing and insulation

When you make a reinforced belt, wait a few days, allowing the concrete to gain strength, and proceed with the installation of floors. For outbuildings made of foam blocks, wooden floors and aerated concrete slabs are usually used. All wooden parts are coated with bio-compounds to protect against fungus and mold, and are also treated with flame retardants to prevent fire.

External insulation is more effective than internal insulation. In addition, it does not reduce the living space of the room.

When these works are completed, proceed to the insulation and decoration of the walls. The main heaters are expanded polystyrene, mineral wool, penofol, polyurethane foam, cork. Most often, foam panels are used for extensions - they can then be plastered and trimmed with siding.

For exterior wall decor, the most practical choices are materials such as artificial stone and decorative plaster.

Video

For more useful information regarding the construction of an extension, see the video

Conclusion

The foam block is a lightweight, inexpensive, easy-to-install material that is ideal for creating extensions to wooden houses. Start construction work with drawing up a project - at least a sketch sketched by yourself. As for it, it is better to choose the same design as under the main house.

In order to insulate an extension to the house, you will need a good thermal insulation material. The optimal solution for internal and external insulation is mineral wool boards. They are great for insulating walls and ceilings from boards, they have good thermal conductivity, moisture resistance, durability and are inexpensive. For internal work, a heater with a thickness of 50-70 mm is needed.

List of required materials:

1. Waterproofing film to protect the insulation from moisture.
2. Fasteners and metal profiles for the construction of the frame and plasterboard cladding.
3. Wooden slats with a section of 5 x 2 cm.
4. Gypsum boards for final wall cladding with a thickness of 9.5 to 12 mm.
5. Putty for processing joints between plasterboard sheets.

Stages of warming:

• Creation of a crate for fastening thermal insulation. On the surfaces that we insulate, we fill the prepared slats or boards with a distance slightly less than the width of the heat-insulating panels.
• Heater installation. Between the bars we place mineral wool. So are the walls.
• Waterproofing. We cover the entire insulated surface with a vapor barrier membrane, overlapping the edges. We fix the film with staples on the bars of the crate.
• Frame for drywall sheets. We fasten vertical and horizontal metal profiles, creating a frame for the final sheathing.
• GKL sheathing. We install drywall on walls and ceilings.

• Note. In principle, other material can be used instead of drywall for sheathing. It can be wooden lining, plywood, OSB or GVL. Choose what suits you best in terms of external and internal characteristics.
• Joint processing. Using putty, we cover the joints between the plates, we clean them.
• Cosmetic finish. The finished surface can be painted, wallpapered, tiled or any other finishing materials.

Features of wall insulation from some materials

Walls made of foam concrete blocks are warm due to the huge amount of air bubbles contained in foam concrete, but additional insulation work is indispensable, otherwise heating costs will be too high. Insulation from the outside is much more expensive, because lining is needed. Proper wall insulation from the inside implies good vapor barrier and ventilation of the insulation layer on both sides.

It is recommended to avoid highly absorbent, fibrous, moisture-permeable insulation materials. These measures are necessary to reduce humidity in the extension and prevent freezing of the walls. When installing insulation, it should be borne in mind that cold penetrates into the room through the joints.

Mineral wool is not suitable for foam concrete blocks; expanded polystyrene sheets require additional docking. The best insulation of such walls is the spraying of polyurethane foam. It prevents the formation of condensate. To form the required thickness of the insulation layer, a wooden crate should be used. The metal profile creates cold bridges. A waterproofing layer is fixed on top of the foam with slats, and then drywall is fixed. The dew point is located at the point of contact of the polyurethane foam and the extension of the foam blocks or inside the polyurethane.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Ask an expert

Similarly, a brick extension is insulated, but the layer of insulation for brick walls is larger.

The disadvantages of polyurethane spraying are the high price and the need to attract special equipment and trained specialists.

Insulation of the walls of the frame extension from the outside

We make the external insulation of the extension to the house from the frame according to the same principle as the internal one. First, a vertical frame of wooden beams is stuffed onto the walls. The distance between the boards should be about 50 cm, slightly less than the width of the insulation. Mineral wool blocks are tightly inserted between the beams, which are covered on top with a layer of waterproofing. The film is reinforced with staples around the perimeter of the frame. At the final finishing stage, the surface is covered with siding.

Outside or inside, which is more effective

Benefits of internal insulation

• in one step they insulate the ceiling, floor, walls;
• work can be performed in any weather conditions;
• Simplicity - insulated surfaces are accessible over the entire height.

Cons of internal insulation

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, outbuildings, terraces and verandas.

Ask an expert

The freezing point during internal insulation is shifted into the wall, which contributes to its faster destruction. In addition, if the extension room already has a fine finish, the decorative coating will have to be dismantled.

Benefits of outdoor insulation

• displacement of the freezing point into the insulation, due to which the rate of destruction of the walls decreases;
• the inner living area of ​​the extension is retained;
• lack of debris from construction work indoors;
• the possibility of using the extension during work, the way of life is preserved;
• additional protection of wooden walls from getting wet.

Minus external insulation

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, outbuildings, terraces and verandas.

Ask an expert

You will not be able to observe the state of the walls, because they will be hidden behind decorative cladding.

concrete floor insulation

List of materials you will need:

• insulation - mineral wool boards;
• vapor barrier;
• Scotch;
• damper tape;
• reinforcing mesh;
• screed solution.

Stages of insulation

• A layer of vapor barrier film is applied to the concrete base. The joints of the insulation for the overall tightness of the layer must be carefully glued with adhesive tape.
• Insulation boards are laid on top of the waterproofing material. It is important that the blocks fit snugly against each other, there are no gaps and cracks left.
• The entire room around the perimeter is glued with damper tape. This is necessary to compensate for expansion of the screed.
• On top of the mineral wool insulation, another layer of vapor barrier is applied and then a reinforcing mesh.
• The screed is poured. Its thickness must be at least 3 cm.
• After complete drying of the surface, any topcoat is applied.

Floor insulation on beams

List of materials - what you need:

• wooden boards, logs;
• insulation;
• vapor barrier coating;
• clay mortar;
• plywood.

Stages of work

Fasten smaller transverse joists to the floor beams. Lay the boards on the logs with a rough solid deck to prevent heat from blowing out. Coat the coating with a thick clay solution, wait for it to dry and apply a layer of vapor barrier on top. Lay between the log of the insulation plate, cover it with another layer of vapor barrier. From above, cover the surface with boards or plywood. On the resulting wooden floor lay a decorative coating to your liking.

Roof insulation

In order to properly insulate the roof of an extension to the house, the following principle should be observed: all layers of the insulation cake must provide moisture insulation from the outside and vapor permeability from the inside. For thermal insulation of roofs, foam plastic, foam plastic, polyurethane foam are used, but mineral wool and other fibrous insulation are best suited in combination with membrane films to remove water vapor.

Types of insulation - features, characteristics

1. Mineral wool. It has low thermal conductivity, is fireproof, durable, flexible, resistant to temperature and chemicals. In addition, mineral wool insulation provides good sound insulation. Cons - a frame is required for installation, after some time of operation, it becomes denser, loses thermal insulation performance.
2. Polyurethane foam is produced in three types: flexible, dense, sprayed. PPU is easy to install, lightweight, resistant to biological and chemical environments. Cons - an expensive price, it quickly ages from ultraviolet radiation, deforms from mechanical stress, has a low vapor permeability, which accumulates moisture, which has a detrimental effect on the walls of the house.
3. Penofol - environmentally friendly, flexible, easy to install. The material has low vapor permeability and high resistance to combustion. Cons - thin, overly soft. Expanded polystyrene has low weight, sufficient rigidity, it is easy to assemble and cut. This is a very strong, wear-resistant material. Cons - does not tolerate high temperatures from 100 degrees, has low soundproofing qualities.
4. Basalt wool is a fibrous material that is identical to mineral wool in its properties and performance characteristics. Cons - during operation it is compacted, which increases thermal conductivity.
5. Styrofoam - light and hard, does not lose its performance properties even after prolonged use, can be mounted both frameless and framed. Insulation with low vapor permeability and hygroscopicity. Cons - combustible, rodents love.
Ask an expert

Warming the extension with your own hands is always better to start with the walls. How to insulate the extension, whether it will be external or internal insulation, depends on the size, characteristics of the room and the personal tastes and preferences of the homeowners. The process of warming itself does not take much time, and the cost of materials for such work will not hit the budget.

Filimonov Evgeny

Reading time: 8 minutes

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Advantages and disadvantages of foam blocks. Stages of construction. The subtleties of the construction of the building. How to legalize an extension. Competent connection of the extension with the main house.

Recently, an extension to a house made of foam blocks has been gaining popularity, but you need to know the features of its construction, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the material. Which houses can be built on. Stages of construction. Necessary preparatory work. Fundamentals of building foundations and walls.

Correct installation of windows and doors. How to properly insulate walls and carry out finishing and construction work. Councils of builders for the construction of an extension.

Discussions of important points of construction. What is a reinforced belt. How to legalize an extension, how to correctly connect an extension and the main house.

An extension to a house made of foam blocks is most often used to increase the usable area, less often to improve the external characteristics of the building. In addition, many developers appreciate this material for its distinctive properties.

This material is characterized by the number of voids, and the more of them, the more significant it retains energy-saving properties, which is confirmed in construction practice using hollow bricks as an example. The pores in the foam blocks are evenly distributed over each product. It is worth noting that the foam block, unlike standard aerated concrete, is considered the most suitable for the construction of an extension (not a full-fledged building). In fact, this type of room is an inexpensive and rational method of solving the problem of a lack of usable space, especially if it is built by oneself.

Advantages and disadvantages of the material

This material has increased strength and ease of use, is environmentally friendly and does not contribute to dampness. It is easy to lay down without a lot of time.

In addition, foam blocks have such positive properties as:

• installation does not require professional skills;
• the process of laying foam blocks is much less than that of brick or wood;
• does not burn, and meets absolutely all fire safety requirements;
• porous structure prevents shrinkage;
• has low thermal conductivity and cheap material;
• service life exceeds 50 years;
• easy to erect on difficult soils;
• easy to fit, easy to drill; has a low weight, which is important in the design and construction of the foundation.

Among such an abundance of positive characteristics, the foam block extension also has negative ones, namely:

• increased hygroscopicity necessitates the creation of special protection, otherwise there will be a rapid loss of thermal insulation properties;
• appearance, from which external finishing work is required.

What kind of houses can be made such an extension?

Before planning an extension, builders pay special attention to the strength of the room. Professionals say that regardless of the type of building, which is more than fifteen years old, an extension to it is possible only taking into account a careful calculation of the strength of the room.

But since the extension refers to cadastral changes (re-planning), it requires an individual project and coordination with local authorities in the form of permits to increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises through construction.

Construction stages

The construction process is somewhat specific, and requires strict adherence to the sequence of its stages.

Preparatory work

Before the implementation of the extension of aerated concrete, they receive official permission to carry out construction in the relevant authorities. To do this, you first need to make a project of the planned part of the house. It is advisable to do this under the supervision of specialists in order to prevent major mistakes, or completely entrust them. As an extension, there can be a room, a kitchen, a loggia, a veranda, etc. When building an extension, the most important elements are the foundation and walls.

Foundation

The main thing in construction is the right choice of the foundation and its competent pairing with the building already under the foundation.

The construction of the foundation for the extension has its own nuances:

• The work is not done from scratch, which already causes some difficulties, including when pairing with an existing building under the main foundation.
• A rigid reinforcement connection is made with a well-established foundation, when the settlement of the extension has already occurred, and the new foundation will not contribute to the critical settlement of the entire room. Rigid docking is not advisable to perform in conditions of heaving soil.
• An expansion joint is considered to be a more economical joining method. It is columnar, tape and on screw piles. Roofing material or other insulating material is laid on the top layer.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeny

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

Ask an expert

Important! Due to differences in load, it is recommended to carry out the foundation separately in order to prevent the occurrence of cracks due to seasonal heaving of the soil.

Walling

• it is better to moisten the lower side for better adhesion to the solution;
• many layers of a waterproofing composition are applied on 1 layer, which serves to protect against moisture; then, before applying the second layer, the first is moistened;
• it is important to consider that the first row must be made with strict observance of the vertical and horizontal position, because the quality of the wall construction depends on it;
• all horizontal errors are recommended to be leveled with mortar;
• so that the seams are about 1 mm, the foam blocks are placed on glue; minimization of seams is necessary to minimize "cold bridges";
• the mixture should be done strictly according to the instructions and applied first to the horizontal part of the foam block, then to the vertical;
• all blocks must be aligned on both planes;
• the resulting rows are aligned horizontally with a special grater for grinding, and the dust that has appeared is swept away;
• every five rows, reinforcement is placed in the corners of the extension, which contributes to the bonding of the structure and the prevention of cracks.

It's good to have a home. But it's even better when it has as much space as your heart desires. If there is a deficit with it, then you can safely build an extension. In our country, foam concrete is rightfully one of the best wall materials.

Recently, he has not only shown his best side, but also earned a solid reputation. So what is he like?

A little about foam blocks

The first thing you need to know about this material is its strength characteristics and brand classification:

• D150 - D500 - blocks for thermal insulation work. Grades below D400 are not standardized for strength. And D400 blocks can withstand up to 9 kg per cm 3. Accordingly, it can be assigned a strength class from B0.5 to B0.75. Such foam blocks are not used as the main wall material. Due to its low density, these foam concrete products are an excellent heat insulator;
• D600 - D900 - blocks for structural and thermal insulation work. Foam concrete of this category, depending on the grade strength, can be assigned a class from B1 to B5. Such heat blocks are strong enough to experience severe deformation loads. Recommended brands of foam concrete for the construction of main walls - D800. With such a relatively low density and sufficient strength characteristics, the walls of such products will be heat-intensive and reliable;
• D1000 - D1200 - blocks for structural work. They are high-strength material with classes B 5 to B 12.5. In private construction, such grades are used quite rarely due to their rather low heat capacity.

All the pros and cons of foam concrete walls

To build a reliable building from heat blocks, you need to clearly know all their positive and negative qualities in order to skillfully emphasize the first and smooth out the second.

Advantages:

• The main advantage of this material is its increased ability to retain heat indoors. Foam concrete owes this remarkable quality to its unique structure. If you look closely at the body of the block, you can see a lot of hollow bubbles filled with air. And as you know, an air cushion is the best insulation. With an increase in the density of foam concrete, the number of cells decreases, respectively, its thermal conductivity becomes lower and the grade strength increases. But even high-strength blocks have a thermal conductivity index an order of magnitude higher than the heat capacity coefficient of ceramic bricks.
• Light weight is another distinguishing feature of this wall material. In comparison, its indicator is two and a half times lower than the weight of expanded clay blocks. This quality allows you to save on the transportation of foam concrete and on the use of heavy equipment.
• The frost resistance index is high enough for the construction of capital walls. The lowest grade is M15.
• The strength of foam concrete allows you to build reliable walls, however, not higher than three floors and only if the walls are reinforced.
• The degree of workability is high. This foamed concrete is easy to cut.
• Fire resistance. Foam concrete was awarded the first degree of fire resistance. It is able to keep open fire from spreading for four hours. In addition to the fact that it does not burn, it does not emit toxic substances and suffocating smoke during the destructive effect of fire.
• Environmental friendliness. Foam blocks are made only from non-toxic materials that are not subject to decay. Also, heat blocks do not create a favorable environment for the development of mold and pathogenic organisms.
• The prices for foam blocks will pleasantly surprise you. They are two times lower than the cost of ceramic bricks. However, beware of cheap products. Perhaps they are made in violation of technology, which significantly affects their quality.

Disadvantages:

• Shrinkage is the real trouble of foam concrete. It can be from one to three millimeters per meter of the wall being built. As a rule, foam blocks shrink within 28 days, after which this indicator stabilizes. Therefore, it is recommended to age the products before sending them to the construction site;
• Edge fragility. Even after gaining full brand strength, heat blocks can chip at corners during impacts and uneven loads. Therefore, care should be taken when transporting and working with them;
• Low UV and weather resistance.

What extensions can be built from heat blocks

With the right choice of a brand of high-quality foam concrete, you can build diverse extensions to the main building:

• Living quarters, verandas and bathrooms. nodes. Foam blocks make great houses. So why not increase the usable area with them?
• Boiler room. Many houses have entire rooms for heating equipment. Thanks to good fire-resistant properties, an extension for these purposes will be safe and reliable.
• Bath. Foam concrete perfectly retains heat, which is the main criterion for the wall material of the bath room. It will only be necessary to properly organize hydro- and thermal insulation.
• Garage attached to the house is an economical solution. Firstly, costs are reduced due to a common wall, secondly, the heating system is simplified and, thirdly, convenience.
• Utility rooms for keeping pets and poultry. Foam blocks for these purposes are an excellent option. The extension of them will be dry, warm and comfortable. Just what you need for a home farm.

What is the cost of an extension of foam blocks

The excellent characteristics of the buildings are not yet the determining criterion for the choice of material. It is also important that it be no less economical in construction. It should also be taken into account that the cost of building the building itself is only a third of the estimated cost of the entire project.

Large investments require electrical, roofing, foundation, plumbing and gas work. The exact cost in your particular case can be found in construction organizations. And the rest of the calculations associated with the construction of walls can be done by yourself.

Example of calculating the cost of materials

Depending on the climatic area of ​​\u200b\u200bresidence and the purpose of the extension, we determine the thickness of the walls. So for residential premises, as a rule, masonry is used in two blocks, for the rest of the outbuildings one will be enough:

• Step 1. Calculate the volume of the walls. To do this, you will need to multiply their total length by the height and thickness. For example, the length is 20 meters, the height is 3 meters and the thickness is 0.3 meters (in one block). 20 * 3 * 0.3 \u003d 18 m 3. From this value we subtract the area of ​​windows and doors. Suppose we have a deaf extension.
• Step 2. The resulting value is multiplied by the cost. On average, it is about 2500 r. 18 * 2500 = 45000 rubles
• Step 3. Glue calculation. Usually 20 kg of cool composition is consumed per 1 m 3 of foam concrete. The price of a 25-kilogram bag averages 300 rubles. Accordingly, 20 * 18 / 25 = 14.5 bags. We round up to 15. Total 4500 rubles.
• Step 4. The cost of the solution. According to technology, the first row is laid on a concrete composition. Let's calculate how much it will take for a seam of 2 cm. 20 * 0.02 * 0.3 \u003d 0.1 m3. For such a volume, you need 1 bag of Portland cement and 11 buckets of sand. Their cost is approximately equal to 500 r.
• Step 5. As a result, we get 50,000 rubles. to this amount we add roofing, foundation, electrical, heating work, doors, finishes and get the final cost.

Guide to the construction of buildings from heat blocks

After drawing up drawings and calculations, you can proceed to actions, namely laying the foundation and connecting the walls to the main building. If you have a house made of foam blocks, this is not difficult. It will be much more difficult for the owners of stone and wooden buildings.

Features of the construction of an extension to a wooden building

To properly connect the foam block extension to a wooden building, you need to clearly follow the basic algorithm of actions:

• Conduct a detailed analysis. First, carefully inspect the walls for rotten logs. If necessary, they are replaced, and the walls are strengthened. It is also necessary to carefully examine the foundation, find out its type and size.
• Fasten the foundation. So that the bases and walls do not deform during the shrinkage of the extension, you need to make their connection. for this, it is necessary to dig a trench under the main foundation and drive reinforcing bars into it at the rate of 5 pieces per 25 cm 2. The same fittings are mounted in the basis of a new building.
• Rigid wall connection is not required. It is enough to lay the space between them with a heater.
• The roof is also not connected due to shrinkage. The roof of the extension is arranged below the main building. Due to the overlap, moisture does not get inside the room.

Features of the construction of an extension to a brick building

1. If you plan to lay the same type of base for an extension at the same depth as the main one, then it is best to connect them with reinforcement, in the same way as indicated above. If the foundations are located at different depths, then cracks cannot be avoided. But they can be repaired with cement plaster. Sometimes a masonry mesh is laid under it.

   It is very important that the plaster turned out to be of high quality. It will require Portland cement M400, fine sand and lime milk. The components are taken in the following proportions 1:9:2. Everything is thoroughly mixed. If the mortar partially remains on the shovel, then you have correctly prepared the plaster.

2. Foam concrete walls are connected with a brick masonry grid every four brick rows. To do this, holes are drilled in advance and the ends of the mesh are embedded there and filled with mortar.
3. If you are making an extension to a building to a height of more than one floor, then the connection can be omitted. Cracks will still appear due to increased load and deformation shrinkage.

Foundation pouring

• Step 1. Having dealt with the connection of the building, we proceed to laying the foundation for the building. We start with marking and removing the soil. Remember that the distance between the bases of the building and the extension should be an average of 5 cm. To keep it, you can put a board wrapped in polyethylene between them during pouring.
• Step 2 Then we proceed to dig a trench around the entire perimeter. The depth should be 50 cm, and the width should be a couple of centimeters more than the thickness of the block.
• Step 3 We lay a 10-centimeter gravel cushion on the bottom and tamp it well. We fill it with sand and also compact it.
• Step 4 We drill holes in the old foundation, lay reinforcement there and concrete.
• Step 5 We lay the welded reinforcing cage in the trench.
• Step 6 We prepare a concrete solution in the proportions of cement, sand and gravel 1: 3.5: 5 parts. Pour the resulting solution, vibrate it and smooth it down. Cover with foil and let rest for 5-6 days. Ideally, it's best to let the foundation settle before building the walls. This takes about a year.

Wall laying

Before installing the blocks, it is necessary to carefully waterproof the base. To do this, most often use the usual roofing material in several layers:

• The first row is laid on the cement mortar. Begin its construction from the corners of the foundation. It is very important to do everything right, because the evenness of the entire building depends on this row. When it is completed, the remaining rows are laid on glue-cement.
• Every 3 rows, the blocks are reinforced. To do this, grooves are made in them, into which reinforcement is laid and filled with mortar. A concrete lintel is required over each opening.
• When the laying of the walls is completed, the armored belt is mounted and the floor slab is laid. Upon completion of these works, it is necessary to proceed with the facade cladding so that the blocks are not deformed under the influence of precipitation.
• In conclusion, the construction of an extension is not an easy task. Therefore, it is important to follow all the rules during work. Especially at the stage of laying the foundation.