Types of IR heaters. Infrared heaters: types and selection rules

After the appearance of UFO products on the market, there are more and more such offers. And this is not at all surprising, because such equipment is a reliable source of heat, it is inexpensive and at the same time very economical in terms of electricity consumption. But as each manufacturer tries to make their products better and better, competition in the market is getting tougher. This rating will allow you not to become its “victim” and buy only what you need. It includes only the best infrared heaters for wall, floor, ceiling and mobile versions with various types of heating elements.

Convector or infrared heater - which is still better

They differ in that the first is located on the wall just above the floor and heats the cold air. The second, if mounted, is high on the wall or ceiling, it only increases the temperature of objects that are encountered in the path of the heat wave.

Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of both models, one conclusion can be drawn: an IR device is suitable to provide spot heating in a certain area and increase the temperature on terraces or in rooms with drafts. If it is planned to use equipment for constant, uniform heating of the air, then the convector will also cope with this.

Which company is better to buy an infrared heater

• Neoclima- a brand of thermal and climatic equipment, offering products of European quality. They have both inexpensive models and premium products. In the course of production the goods pass multistage check that guarantees long service life.
• - this product was developed by Spetsmash LLC and is made entirely from domestic materials. The manufacturer guarantees the buyer comfort, coziness, warmth and a pleasant microclimate in the country house, apartment, house, etc.
• Pathfinder is a manufacturer of tourist gas equipment, among which there are also compact heaters. Its scope is hunting, fishing, hiking, picnics, etc.
• Bilux- the company is known as a manufacturer of powerful, economical and inexpensive IR emitters for the street, for industrial and domestic needs. Their use can significantly reduce energy consumption. The presence of options for outdoor work gives the company weight in the eyes of buyers.
• Timberk- one of the recognized leaders in the production of water heating and thermal equipment. Some of this list is produced in Europe, while some products are made in our own factory in China.

When choosing a company, the key point should be the availability of service, the level of brand representation in stores, its pricing policy and user opinions.

Rating of the best infrared heaters

An objective list of leaders was formed based on the analysis of customer reviews. Their impressions about the ratio of price and quality, the performance of devices, and the convenience of their operation were important.

The criteria for selecting the winners were:

• Type (household, industrial, outdoor);
• Service area;
• Mounting method (wall, floor, ceiling, mobile);
• Security class;
• body material;
• Equipment;
• The level of protection against moisture and resistance to wind;
• Design (color, shape, etc.);
• Dimensions and weight;
• Functionality (power, remote control capability, thermostat, etc.).

The cheapest are small floor or portable products, and the most expensive are ceiling and wall products that require complex installation. Our TOP includes both those with carbon, ceramic, quartz, classic heating elements and film type of heater.

The best option among carbon

- a budget device with relatively low power consumption, requiring wall mounting. It is designed specifically for rooms with high ceilings, and heats up the room quickly enough. Users in the reviews note the possibility of adjusting the angle of inclination. A special grill prevents damage to the equipment, and the IP65 protection class does not allow it to fail as a result of exposure to water and dust. A power of 1800 W is enough to heat a room up to 18 square meters. m.

Advantages:

• Good value for money;
• Works quietly;
• Does not take up much space;
• Not heavy;
• Doesn't dry out the air.

Disadvantages:

• Requires installation at a height of at least 2.2 m;
• There is no stand included;
• The power cannot be adjusted.

The most worthy quartz model

- a mobile and very convenient floor-type device with a "clean" heating system, the principle of its operation is similar to the effect of sunlight, that is, it heats only objects encountered in the path of heat waves. Since it has a quartz heater, oxygen is not burned in the process and there is no unpleasant odor. The power here is 2500 W, which is enough to serve 25 square meters. m. in winter and 50 sq. m. - in autumn or spring. Reliable protection against overheating and splashes allows you to use it in wet areas and minimizes the likelihood of device failure.

Advantages:

• Does not take up much space;
• Works silently;
• Heats up quickly
• Not harmful;
• Built-in thermostat;
• Ease of installation;
• Possibility of use in rooms with high humidity.

Disadvantages:

• Not found.

Places of application of the BiLux U2500 model are a summer house, an apartment, a private house, an office, a garage, construction sites, and the like.

Top quality ceramic heater

is the best gas infrared heater, designed for both permanent indoor use and for use, for example, in tents on vacation. For the same price, the buyer receives both a heat source and the possibility of heating food. For work, he needs collet gas cylinders. The product weighs only 1.8 kg, and in terms of power it is not far behind stationary devices - it is equal to 1.5 kW. Its operation does not create difficulties thanks to the piezoelectric ignition and the fuel mixture preheating system.

Advantages:

• Versatility, serves both for cooking and as a source of heat;
• Mobile;
• Light weight;
• The presence of a carrying handle;
• Piezoelectric ignition;
• Wind resistant.

Disadvantages:

• There is no conventional adapter to the cylinder.

The most effective classic

- an infrared heater designed for ceiling mounting and providing fast zonal heating in 10-20 minutes, judging by the reviews. It is suspended using a chain and brackets that come with the kit at a height of about 3 meters. The design is not lightweight, weighing 6.1 kg. The case is made of aluminum and therefore cools down faster. Power of 2 kW allows you to heat a room of 20 square meters. m. Due to the longitudinal corrugation, heating is carried out more efficiently.

Advantages:

• Does not burn oxygen;
• The presence of a thermostat;
• No bad smell;
• Quick effect;
• Temperature support in cyclic mode;
• Minimum electricity consumption;
• Protected against freezing and overheating.

Disadvantages:

• Difficult installation;
• No control panel;
• Not cheap.

The ceiling infrared heater Neoclima IR-2.0, which has become one of the best, is successfully used by users to create a comfortable temperature in both city and country houses.

The best film infrared heater-picture

- this is a series of "canvases" depicting animals and nature motifs that can be used to heat rooms with an air temperature of -40 degrees Celsius. They are mounted on the wall in the form of a panel and are connected to the outlet with a cord. Their advantage is that they are enough for warming up and 10 minutes, after which the device starts to work in energy-saving mode. These undoubtedly the best infrared heaters in the film category are easy to use and carry, as they can be easily rolled up if necessary.

Advantages:

• Virtually invisible;
• Low power consumption;
• They warm well;
• Inexpensive;
• Weigh little;
• Easily carried;
• Economical electricity consumption.

Disadvantages:

• They don't heat a large area well.

Judging by the reviews, Velvet Season products are often taken for use in children's rooms.

Which infrared heater is better to buy

The most convenient, but at the same time the most expensive, are ceiling-mounted appliances, since they have a much larger heating area. If the choice falls on floor products, then those that have a carbon heating element will be the most optimal. For work at night, a ceramic analogue is ideal.

• For permanent use, it is better to choose wall or ceiling models that are fireproof and do not take up much space. A good option here would be Neoclima IR-2.0 and Timberk TIR HP1 1800.
• If there are small children in the house and the emitter also needs to be transported often, then one of the “picture” options “Velvet Season” will be the most optimal.
• For temporary use, in order to quickly increase the temperature in the room, you can use BiLux U2500.
• Where there is no access to electricity, the Pathfinder-Hearth, which runs on gas, will help out.

This video will introduce buyers to the purpose and features of infrared heaters:

By choosing the best infrared heater, you can be sure that it can be used as the main source of heat. But if possible, then for a room with an area of ​​​​more than 20 square meters. m. it is still better to buy not one, but several heat emitters.

The drop in outdoor temperature makes people think about creating additional comfort and buying a reliable infrared heater for a house, cottage, apartment, garage, chicken coop or greenhouse.

These devices are considered a real breakthrough in the field of heating equipment. They are reliable, economical, easy to operate and safe for health.

Today, infrared heaters are represented by models made in Russia, China, Japan and other countries, which makes it easy to choose a device according to your wallet and functionality.

How did infrared radiation appear?

Infrared thermal radiation was discovered in 1800 by British astronomer William Herschel. He decided to use a thermometer to determine which of the colors of the solar spectrum warms his telescope to the greatest extent. To this end, he decomposed the ray into seven components and was amazed at the discovery.

He saw that the highest temperature is beyond the red light beam. As a result, Herschel concluded that outside the visible spectrum there is effective radiation that heats bodies to an even greater extent.

The principle of operation of an infrared heater and its difference from conventional converters

Unlike the usual convectors, infrared heaters do not heat the air in the room, but the objects in it. This applies not only to furniture, but also to walls, ceilings and floors.

In general, an IR heater is a small sun whose rays penetrate the air and do not warm it up. After the beam reaches the object that does not transmit light, the light is absorbed and the object is heated.

The peculiarity of infrared waves is their greater length. That is why, when it comes into contact with the skin, a pleasant warmth is felt, as from the rays of the sun.

Thermal effects occur under all conditions - even if there are interferences in the form of drafts or cold outside. The wavelength of household infrared heaters is exactly the same as that of the Sun.

The convector cannot heat up the room very quickly, because during its operation warm air moves to the ceiling. It turns out that a lot of energy is spent on heating unnecessary space.

While a person is in the lower part of the room, its upper sector is warmed up. The mixing of the layers does not occur immediately, which causes a delay in heating.

IR heaters work on a different principle. Warmth is felt immediately after switching on, and it will only be in the part of the room where the device is directed.

There are no complex structural elements inside the device. It consists of a steel body, inside which contains an aluminum reflector with a heating element attached to it.

Also in the infrared heater there is a thermostat for temperature control and a sensor that excludes overheating (provides its timely shutdown).

In modern models, another sensor is installed - tipping, which opens the supply circuit in the event of a heater fall.

Where is it used?

Infrared heaters are widely used today. Depending on the characteristics, functionality and options, they are used to solve the following tasks:

• For the organization of the main and auxiliary heating;
• When arranging spot heating of certain areas indoors;
• In order to heat a specific area in an open space - a playground, an open cafe and others;
• For mass and visiting holidays, which are held on the street and indoors;
• During construction work in winter.

In addition to the areas discussed, infrared heaters are great for apartments, cottages, houses, garages, heating chicken coops and greenhouses.

Device classification

Infrared heaters are classified according to several parameters:

• source of energy;
• radiation range;
• Installation type.

By radiation range

If we consider IR heaters according to the radiation range, the following types are distinguished - short-, medium- and long-wave. What is the reason for this?

The heating elements that are inside can produce different wavelengths, as well as have different heating temperatures.

Let's consider each type in detail:

• Long-wave - devices that emit waves with a length of 5.6-100 microns. The temperature is in the range of 100-600 degrees Celsius. Scope of application - house, apartment, offices and other facilities where the ceiling height does not exceed 3 meters. If we are talking about an apartment, a product with a temperature of up to 150 C is enough to heat it.
• Medium-wave - heating elements having a wavelength in the range of 2.5-5.6 microns. The operating temperature is higher - 600-1000 C. Heaters with such radiation are used in office premises, houses, industrial buildings and other facilities where the ceiling height is 3-6 m. This may be an administrative building or a private house.
• Shortwave - elements for heating with a wavelength from 0.74 to 2.5 microns. Temperature - from 100 C. Ceiling height should be more than 6-8 m. Such infrared heaters are used in a factory or factory workshop and can be useful in open areas.

By installation type

By type of installation, IR heaters are available in three types - wall, ceiling and floor.

The first and last option is used in apartments, on the street, in an office and a garage, and ceiling infrared heaters are most often installed in industrial premises and, for example, a chicken coop, a greenhouse, a service station, a garage, etc.

By energy source

If we classify the infrared heater according to the energy source, there are three types:

• Gas infrared heaters.
• Diesel.
• Electrical.

Learn that when choosing an infrared heater, price should not be the main criterion. Many choose models with a minimum cost, but they are of poor quality and quickly fail.

In addition, manufacturers of such devices save on contact connections, which during operation can lead to sparks, short circuits in the circuit, and even fire.

Of course, the use of any electrical appliance carries risks, but if the infrared heater is made with high quality, the danger is minimal.

When choosing a device, pay attention to a number of criteria:

• Producing country;
• Room size;
• Power;
• Type (household, industrial);
• The presence of a thermostat;
• Possibility of remote control;
• The level of protection against moisture (water resistance);
• Company.

Each of these criteria matters.

What to choose ceiling, wall or floor?

When choosing infrared heaters for summer cottages, houses, garages, greenhouses or apartments, you should pay attention to the design of the product. Much depends on the following factors:

• The size of the room;
• Terms of use;
• room type;
• Wishes of the owner;
• The need to move (stationary or mobile).

Mobile infrared heaters are smaller and have low power, while stationary ones come in three types - on the ceiling, baseboard or wall.

Consider the subtleties of choice for each type.

Floor models

An option for people who need a mobile counterpart with the ability to move around the room.

Such infrared models can be moved from room to room (if necessary).

Floor-standing IKOs are the most suitable option for an apartment or a summer house, when you have to carry the unit with you or move it to another room from time to time.

Features of floor heaters - the presence of overturning and overheating sensors, which allows you to avoid accidental fire during operation.

Such models are not replete with original appearance, and therefore the cost of the device is relatively small.

wall models

Often act as a replacement for the usual heating radiators. They can be used in the organization of the main and additional heating.

New models of infrared heaters warm the room well, have a modern design and will look harmoniously in any interior.

The outer panel may have a different design. Simple options are covered with special paint, while more original ones can be finished with natural stone.

But keep in mind that design innovations directly affect the cost of the product.

Ceiling analogues

Ideal for rooms with high ceilings. It could be a house, a garage, an office, or a manufacturing plant. Sometimes such infrared products are used in the arrangement of children's rooms.

This is due to the safety for the child, who will not be able to touch the device.

Externally, ceiling-type infrared heaters look like a fluorescent lamp, so they fit into any design.

In recent years, ceiling infrared heaters have been increasingly in demand. Their advantages lie in a large radiation range, compactness (they do not occupy free space).

In addition, there are models that are built into a false ceiling or can be attached to a classic ceiling surface using special mounts. After fixing, the distance from the ceiling to the body is no more than 5 cm.

When choosing a device for mounting on a wall, it is worth maintaining a distance from the floor so that children do not reach the heating element. When installing the heater near a window, give preference to models with skirting boards that fit well under the window.

Pay attention to the manufacturer

When buying an infrared heater, you want to buy a high-quality product that would have a long resource and serve properly for many years. But which company is better to buy a product?

The optimal solution is to purchase goods from Europe, but you will have to pay a large amount for it. In addition, large European manufacturers have factories in China, where the goods are produced.

Over time, components are also ordered there, which leads to a decrease in the quality of products. That is why when buying it is worth paying attention to the country of manufacture.

The main manufacturers include UFO, Ballu, Saturn, Ecostar, Sinbo, Bison and others.

Examining the body of the product

When buying an infrared heater, pay attention to the condition of its body. It must be made of high quality material, which is an additional guarantee of safety.

Previously, only steel was used, but modern models use aluminum cases. Their advantages are modern appearance, reliability, lightness and beauty.

When inspecting the instrument, pay attention to the following points:

• The presence of paint on the inside of the case (it should not be).
• The presence of traces of corrosion on the surface. This indicates that over time, rust will appear on the outer part. As a result, the appearance will be spoiled.

We look at the power, what figure should be optimal?

When choosing an infrared heater for a garage, house, greenhouse, apartment or chicken coop, it is important to choose the right power. There is a simple principle at work here. For 10 sq. meters of space accounts for 1 kW of power.

The need to increase power is due to heat loss through ceilings, window openings and walls. If the product is used as an additional heating device, the power calculation is made taking into account the operating conditions. Heat loss should also be taken into account.

Should I pay attention to 300W heaters? Their advantage is ease of use, but they are suitable for small rooms, garages, basements or other areas that need short-term heating.

Such devices are safe and can be used in close proximity to humans.

If an IR heater is needed for a greenhouse or summer cottage, consider the requests for heating temperature. For example, there is no need to heat up a summer cottage - it is enough to raise the temperature by 3-5 degrees Celsius.

To solve this problem, a device with a power of 60-80 watts per square meter is enough. meter. If more warm-up is required, the indicated figure can be adjusted upwards.

Types of heating element, advantages and disadvantages, which one to choose

When choosing an infrared heater, please note that the models differ in the shell in which the heating element is placed. It can be metal, quartz or ceramic.

As for the heating element, there are several types:

Halogen

The device has the form of a halogen lamp operating in the infrared range. In the internal cavity of the product is a filament, which is made of carbon fiber or tungsten.

When the filament is heated, infrared energy is released and then transferred to the tube.

The peculiarities of halogen lamps include the emission of light of a golden hue, which irritates the eyesight. To eliminate the effect, a number of manufacturers apply a special composition.

But even this is not the main disadvantage. Halogen heaters emit short waves that are dangerous to human health. That is why it is better to refuse to buy such devices.

Carbon

Such a heating element has the form of a quartz tube, in the cavity of which there is a vacuum. A spiral made of carbon (carbon) is installed inside the tube.

The advantages of the device include a high heating rate, as well as high efficiency.

Disadvantages - a small resource that does not exceed 2 years. In this case, the power is 1-2 kW.

A feature of carbon infrared heaters is a red glow, which is dangerous for people with allergies and asthma.

In general, products with such heaters are more suitable for short-term use.

Ceramic

The advantage of a ceramic-coated heating element is the absence of glow during operation, as well as a longer service life (from 3 years).

The downside is the high price (when compared with the quartz counterpart). But it is worth noting that the increased costs pay off faster, thanks to the design features of the product.

Despite slow heating and cooling, ceramic infrared heaters are often used in saunas and hospitals.

Micathermic (tubular)

This type of heating element is made of metal and structurally involves the use of a ceramic element.

Pros - reliability, ease of use and a long resource. The disadvantage is the presence of slightly crackling.

The reason for the crackling is the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the aluminum body and the steel spiral.

When choosing an IR heater of this type, check the parameters of the heating element, the quality of the case, the insulator, the foil and the emitter. Such a device is the best option for long-term use.

Film infrared analogues

They are mainly used as, but can also be used as elements for individual heating. Film infrared heaters are usually mounted on the wall. Often used in bathrooms.

Element insulator

During prolonged operation, the body of the infrared heater may overheat above 95 degrees. To avoid the problem, an insulator is installed, which can be of several types.

The most widely used basalt type of product. It is especially important that it does not contain harmful additives, because such components, when heated, emit toxic formaldehyde, which is dangerous for the human body.

Please note that the thermal insulator is approved for use in the food industry, which guarantees the safety of the product. To do this, study the hygiene certificate - it must have a corresponding mark. At the first request of the buyer, the seller is obliged to present the document.

Additional options

Modern models of infrared heaters often provide a number of additional options.

These include:

• Built-in thermostat, which ensures that the temperature is maintained at the set level. It is not mounted on all models, but its presence is an advantage.
• Overheat protection. The installation of a sensor that controls the temperature of the heater is mandatory when the device is operated without the supervision of the owner.
• Rollover protection. The main task of the sensor is to turn off the product in the event of a fall. This option should be in floor models.
• Remote control. The possibility of remote control simplifies the process of use. The presence of a remote control is a prerequisite for ceiling models, and in other devices the option is provided at the discretion of the manufacturer.

Questions to ask

When choosing an infrared heater, ask the seller a few questions:

• Find out the thickness of the anodizing coating on the plate that emits IR waves. Ideally, the parameter should be from 25 microns or more. In this case, you can be sure of a long service life of the device (from 20 years). With a thinner layer, the heater will fail (as a rule, it burns out). It will not work to determine this parameter “by eye”, so it remains to believe the seller.
• Specify what material the heating element is made of. For the bathroom, it is better to buy infrared heaters with a stainless steel heater. In other cases, the use of ferrous metal is allowed.
• Find out how thick the emitter foil is. It should be 120 microns. With a smaller thickness, during the operation of the infrared heater, not the room, but the ceiling will warm up. To check the thickness of the material, it is not necessary to "test" the knowledge of the seller. Take a ballpoint pen and press down on the foil with the tip. If the coating is pressed through or damaged, this indicates poor quality and a thickness of up to 100 microns. If this parameter is 120 microns or more, it will not work to push a hole in this way.

Popular models on the market

The market for infrared heaters is represented by many models, in the variety of which it is easy to get confused. Below we consider the popular types of such devices and a brief overview of popular models.

Carbon infrared heaters

Carbon infrared heaters are relatively "young" devices that were patented 17 years ago in Japan.

The tests carried out have shown that the use of such infrared thermal aggregators is safe for the body, which refutes many existing stereotypes.

The design of the product is based on a quartz tube, inside of which carbon fiber is used. This is a new type of heaters, the main difference of which is high efficiency.

For example, a carbon unit with a power of 0.8 kW does the job of heating no worse than an oil cooler with a power of 1.8 kW.

This emitter is distinguished by a long wavelength, which ensures that objects in the room are heated to a depth of up to 2 centimeters, which no ordinary heater can boast of. Even at sub-zero temperatures, the carbon infrared analogue provides the necessary portion of heat.

Features of such heaters:

• The carbon fabric has an unlimited resource, but the metal elements of the device can rust.
• Compared to metals, the thermal conductivity of the carbon element is minimal, which guarantees high heat transfer.
• Some models can rotate 180 degrees, which allows you to cover the maximum area and completely warm the room.
• Devices are mobile, quickly heat up and cool down.
• The heating element is located in the central part, behind a metal grill.
• Many models have a built-in thermostat, which allows you to maintain the temperature of the product.
• Ceiling carbon heater with a thermostat can be used at home, in the country, in an apartment, a greenhouse and other types of premises.

Consider popular models:

Quartz infrared heaters

The principle of operation of a quartz IR heater is to heat the entire area of ​​​​the plate using a nichrome spiral. As a result, the surface temperature rises to 95 degrees Celsius.

After reaching this parameter, the panel emits rays in the infrared range, which helps to warm the air in the room. It turns out that the quartz heater works simultaneously on two principles - convective and infrared.

The tiles are connected directly to the electrical network without additional automation. This means that most models operate at maximum power.

To carry out temperature control, it may be necessary to connect a remote-type thermostat.

Consider the most popular models:

Gas analogues with ceramic heating element

The principle of operation of gas infrared heaters is based on the use of gas, which is stored in a cylinder and dosed into the burner, where it ignites under the action of a piezoelectric element. As a result, long infrared waves are emitted and warm the room.

First, the heat of the burner heats the mesh to a certain temperature, after which the thermal IR waves are reflected from the reflector, which looks like an umbrella (outdoor products), and go down. As a result, a thermal region is formed that warms up objects at a distance of up to six meters.

With regard to the safety of the device, many experiments have been carried out, which have confirmed the absence of harm to humans. In addition, knowledge in the field of new technologies has made it possible to obtain certificates that comply with European safety standards (even if the device is used indoors).

The most popular models include:

Outdoor gas infrared heaters

In a gas infrared device, a ceramic plate acts as a heating element, which during operation reaches a temperature of 900 degrees Celsius (depending on the setting). The plate is heated using a burner, which is installed in the end part of the stainless steel housing.

When the gas burner is turned on, the infrared beam is concentrated in the central part of the reflector, after which it is reflected from the mirror surface and scattered.

At the same time, a territory with a radius of 5-9 m is covered. People and objects that are in the device's coverage area absorb the heat flux and heat up themselves.

The main models include:

Halogen infrared heaters

The product is based on a halogen lamp that generates heat with infrared radiation. The principle of its operation is similar to a halogen lamp used for lighting.

The product has the form of a bulb, inside which a special spiral (filament) is installed, made of carbon fiber or tungsten. During operation, the spiral heats up to 2000 degrees Celsius, after which IR waves of golden color emanate from it.

They are the main source of heat. The task of the reflector is to direct the flow to the desired area.

Consider several models of halogen infrared heaters:

Infrared kerosene heaters

In design and appearance, this type of heater is very similar to kerosene lamps. This is a container with fuel, inside of which there is a wick. The task of the latter is to move kerosene vapor into the combustion area.

Unlike conventional lighting devices, it is not the fact of glow that is of interest here, but the infrared radiation that occurs during the combustion of fuel. Outgoing heat waves provide heating of surrounding objects. The only exception is air.

The efficiency of such devices is enhanced due to the special design of the body and the "fuse". The task of the latter is to distill the fuel into steam, which burns at the end of the fuse and guarantees maximum heat output with a low level of unpleasant "exhaust".

The second element provides the conversion of energy into heat, which comes from the body.

Thus, in infrared kerosene heaters, there is no contact between fire and the environment. This is due to the fact that the fuse is located inside the emitter housing.

Unlike conventional heaters, such devices heat the body and surrounding objects, including the human body.

Popular Models:

Diesel infrared heaters

To heat various rooms, a diesel infrared heater can be used, which, according to the principle of operation, has much in common with an electrical device. The difference is that it is not electrical energy that is used for power, but diesel fuel.

Structurally, the diesel analogue consists of a combustion chamber, a pump, an engine and an impeller, a fuel tank, a filter (cleans the inlet and outlet air), a controller, a flame stabilizer, inlet air pipes and a fuel nozzle.

Kerosene or diesel fuel is filled into the tank, after which it is directed to the combustion chamber with the help of a nozzle.

The fan inflates the air needed to ignite the air mixture. Thanks to the filter elements, the air is cleaned from foreign elements (dust and combustion products of fuel).

As for the controller and the fire stabilizer, they are responsible for maintaining the optimum temperature.

Popular Models:

Industrial infrared products

Where and what devices are best to use?

One of the main questions that interests many buyers is where and what infrared heaters can be used in a particular case. Let's consider these points in more detail for each of the options.

For home and garden

Almost all types of infrared heaters - wall and ceiling - can be used to heat a house and a summer residence. The exceptions are diesel, gas and kerosene models, which may emit harmful fumes during operation.

If the device is needed to heat a certain area on the street (for example, in a gazebo), kerosene and gas appliances can be used.

To simplify the choice, we select several suitable models - PION Lux 10, Teplo Krym bridge, Mister Hit IK-1.1, Delta D-122, STEP-500 / 1.40 x 0.70 - Wood and others.

For an apartment

To heat the apartment, conventional infrared heaters intended for domestic use are used. According to the type of installation, it is allowed to purchase ceiling, floor or wall models.

Here are some examples:

• Floor models - ROTEX RAS15-H, UFO Micatronic 2400, ECO Mini 1500.
• Wall models - UFO SUN 12 EN, EKOSTAR E 1000, TESY QH01 180.
• Ceiling models - EKOSTAR PRO 4000, EKOSTAR PRO 6000 and others.

for garage

Electric and gas infrared heaters with various installation methods can be used to heat the garage. Alternatively, you can use devices of the following models - Electrolux EIH / AG2-1500E, Stiebel Eltron IW 180, Prorab GRH 3.

For chicken coop and greenhouse

For heating chicken coops and greenhouses, hanging and ceiling heaters are often used, which are installed in a checkerboard pattern to evenly heat the room.

When choosing, pay attention that the device does not emit extraneous noise and has the ability to control the temperature.

The following models are suitable for chicken coops - BiLux B600, Mister Hit IK-1.1, IKZK 220-250 E27, TOOSET 800mm (220W / m 2).

For the greenhouse - PION THERMO GLASS (Thermo Glass) P-04, Valdex IK-1.0, BiLux B600, Mister Hit IK-0.7.

Let's talk about the pros and cons of infrared heaters

Infrared heaters are a great alternative to classic converters and other heaters that consume a lot of power but have low efficiency.

The advantages include the ease of installation and connection of such devices, the rapid heating of objects and people, they do not burn out oxygen, the possibility of arranging several thermal sections, as well as the absence of rotating elements.

Thanks to a wide selection of models and various mounting methods, you can choose a product for installation in a garage, house, apartment, chicken coop, greenhouse or even outdoors.

It is impossible not to single out a number of disadvantages - a higher price, low mobility, prolonged heating of large rooms. There are also restrictions on the distance between the appliance and furniture. But that's not all. Prolonged exposure to the infrared heater's coverage area may lead to a deterioration in well-being.

When choosing such devices, it is necessary to take the issue seriously, take into account the area and type of the heated room, the power and principle of operation of the infrared heater.

Only with an integrated approach to the choice can you get the expected result without harm to health.

An infrared heater is a heating device that transfers heat energy to the environment using infrared (IR) radiation. Often such devices are called reflectors, which is not entirely correct. The infrared heater does not heat the air, but transfers thermal energy to surrounding objects, which increase the temperature of the air masses. This principle provides significant savings compared to the convection heating method, since energy is not spent on heating unused spaces in the room. Infrared heaters allow you to get an instant effect immediately after switching on.

The modern market for space heating devices is saturated with a variety of devices to the limit. All of them are divided into types and types according to the principle of operation and design features. Household infrared heaters are one of the most common in the market of climate technology. They have a number of significant advantages over other household appliances for heating. In this article, we will tell you how to choose an infrared heater for summer cottages, houses and apartments, and also give instructions on how to make such a device yourself. Let's start with the principle of operation and design of the device.

The principle of operation and design features of IR heaters

As mentioned above, these household appliances are radically different from convection heating devices. They do not heat the air, but the surrounding objects in the room: furniture, appliances, floors and walls. Infrared devices can be called a small home sun, the rays of which penetrate the air without heating it at all. Only objects that do not transmit light heat up under the influence of this radiation and transfer heat to the surrounding air, heating it to the required temperature.

Infrared radiation is perceived by human skin as heat emanating from our sun. We do not see these rays, but we feel them with our whole body. This radiation warms us regardless of external factors. He is not afraid of drafts and other natural factors. The main thing is that the radiation does not have insurmountable obstacles in front of it and freely passes to the required place. In the same way as our luminary, infrared heaters also act, because the wavelength of radiation from these devices is similar to the solar IR spectrum.

Converter-type heaters are unable to instantly create a comfortable temperature in the room, because the principle of their operation is based on the constant movement of warm air upwards. In this case, first of all, it warms up under the ceiling space, and only after a long time does the mixing of warm and cold air masses occur, which leads to the creation of a comfortable thermal regime throughout the room. During this period, a person has to freeze.

Infrared heaters work quite differently. A person feels heat from this type of household appliance immediately after turning on the device, but it can not be felt in the entire room. The infrared heater acts locally, that is, thermal energy is directed to a specific place. On the one hand, this allows you to create an instant effect of increasing the temperature at the required point in space, on the other hand, it saves energy. This is what household heaters that use infrared radiation for work are good for.

There are no complicated parts inside ordinary electric infrared heaters. An aluminum reflector is mounted in the body of the device, most often made of metal. The main part of the structure is installed on it - the heating element, which is the "heart" of the device. Currently, there are several varieties of this part: tubular (heater), halogen, ceramic or carbon. Also, in heaters of this type, thermostats are installed to adjust the temperature and special sensors that turn off the device in case of emergency.

In addition to electric infrared heaters, there are devices that use other energy sources: solid and liquid fuels, as well as natural gas. But such devices are used in domestic conditions extremely rarely and we will not consider them. We have considered the principle of operation and design features of IR heat sources, now let's move on to the pros and cons of this household appliance.

Pros and cons of using infrared heaters

IR heaters, like any other household appliances, have certain advantages and some disadvantages. All these factors must be considered when choosing equipment for space heating. So, below are the main advantages of using infrared heaters in the home.

1. Sources of infrared radiation are capable of quickly heating large areas. The consumer almost instantly begins to feel the effect of using such household appliances. Localization of the place of heating allows optimal use of thermal energy.
2. IR heaters do not require any complex maintenance. It is enough to periodically clean the device from settled dust and carry out a routine inspection for damage. In addition, for the operation of the equipment you do not need to purchase consumables.
3. Ecological safety of infrared heaters at height. During operation, they do not emit harmful substances, do not burn oxygen in the air, and also practically do not affect the humidity in the room. These devices do not need to install supply and exhaust ventilation.
4. When using IR heaters, energy savings are evident, of course, in comparison with other electric space heating systems. This type of climate technology consumes electricity from a conventional 220V network, without installing additional devices.

The disadvantages of electric infrared heaters include the rapid cooling of the room after the device is turned off, as well as the need to comply with safety rules to prevent thermal burns. But the pros of using infrared heaters are much greater than the cons. Having considered the advantages of using technology, we move on to the main part of the article, namely: the choice of an infrared heater for an apartment, house or cottage.

Choosing the Right IR Heater

So, having weighed all the advantages of an electric infrared heater, we proceed to its choice in the climate technology market. When purchasing a device, first of all, you should pay attention to the appearance of the device. It is simply obliged to inspire confidence in the consumer. The quality of the technique should have a strong and stylish body, a reliable power cable and an excellent plug. Do not be tempted by devices with a very low cost! Many unscrupulous manufacturers reduce the cost of their products by using low-quality components. Such an IR heater is simply dangerous and its use can lead to fire. Remember this!

Important! Before looking for the best infrared heater, you should calculate its power required to create a comfortable temperature in the room. This technical characteristic is calculated simply: for heating every 10 sq. m area of ​​the room requires 1.2 kW of electrical energy.

Having determined the required power of the IR heater, you can start choosing a device according to design features, technical characteristics and other important features. The primary task that needs to be solved at the preliminary stage is to decide on the type of installation. There are only three of them: floor, wall and ceiling. Let's consider each of them separately.

Having decided on the installation site of the equipment, you should choose a heater model in accordance with these criteria. Regardless of which type you choose - ceiling, floor or wall, you need to know exactly which heating element in this household appliance is most suitable for you. There are four main types of this main part of the IR heater, which we will discuss below.

The main criteria are described above, taking into account which infrared heaters should be selected. But it should be noted that there are other factors that also need to be considered when buying a device. This is the presence of a thermostat capable of maintaining a constant temperature in the room; sensors that protect the overturning device and severe overheating of the structure; small mobile remote control for comfortable operation and so on.

Attention! If you need to create a new heating system based on IR heaters or duplicate an existing one, then you should use several devices of various types: ceiling and wall. With this configuration of the system, the rays from the installed infrared heaters will intersect and warm up the room better.

So, summing up all of the above, here is an algorithm of actions that you must take to correctly select the best infrared heater for a summer residence or other property:

• independently decide for what purposes you purchase this device;
• determine the location of the device and the type of heating element;
• calculate the power of the device based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200byour room;
• take into account the cost of the device, depending on its type, options and exterior finish;
• choose an infrared heater that meets all requirements.

With the choice of the device, we are done! But one question remains: what to do if it's cold, and there is no way to buy a heater. This often happens in the country, with a sharp change in weather. No choice! You will have to make an IR heater yourself, and we will tell you how to do this in the next chapter.

Making an infrared heater with your own hands

Below we will briefly describe how to make a simple do-it-yourself infrared heater from improvised materials that are almost always present on the farm. For a person, as they say, with hands, it will not be difficult. To perform the work, you will need the following materials and components: aluminum or copper foil, two glass rectangles of the same size, an ordinary candle, any sealant, epoxy fast-curing glue, a powerful electric power cord with a plug, a napkin, cotton buds and a multimeter.

Below is a step-by-step instruction for making a small IR heater yourself.

1. We clean the glass from dirt with a napkin and apply a layer of soot on one side of each with a candle. It is necessary to ensure that the soot lies flat without gaps. With a cotton swab, we clean the edges of the glasses from soot by 5 mm along the contour.
2. Using a multimeter, it is necessary to measure the resistance of the soot layer on each of the glasses. It should be approximately 48 ohms. If this figure is less, remove some of the soot with a cotton swab, and if more, apply another layer of soot with a candle.
3. Assemble the structure. To do this, place pieces of foil that will become electrodes on a layer of soot of one glass, apply epoxy to the surface of the glass, and from above cover the structure with another glass with a layer of soot down.
4. After the glue dries, coat the ends of the structure with sealant. The heater is now ready to go. The resistance of the conductive layer will be 24 Ohm, which, when connected to a 220 V network, will provide a power of 2 kW.
5. The fabricated structure should be placed on a wooden block with metal plates, to which it is necessary to connect the power cord with a plug. The foil petals should be pressed tightly against the metal plates.

Important! The pictures show an experimental low-power heater. To make a more powerful infrared heater, glasses of a different size should be used, approximately 50 × 50 cm.

This completes the manufacture of an infrared heater with your own hands. Of course, you can put an additional sheet of foil under the entire structure for greater heat transfer, but this is at your discretion. Even without it, such a device is able to heat a small room!

Conclusion

We hope you understand how to choose a good infrared heater using the information from the article. We deliberately did not talk about well-known manufacturers of such household appliances. There are many and the choice is yours! But remember, the main thing is not the brand, but the quality of the product!

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Infrared heaters radiate heat similar to the heat given off by the sun. IR rays are easily absorbed by objects that are in the room. As cold surfaces heat up, the air temperature begins to rise.

Operating principle.

Radiant direct heat is electromagnetic waves in the range of 0.75 ÷ 100 µm. The source of such rays is an IR heater.

Infrared heaters for the home operate in the long range of infrared radiation: 5.6 ÷ 100 microns. It is important that rays of this length do not penetrate the skin, but only heat its surface.

You need to know that there are sanitary standards (SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96) that regulate the intensity of exposure to infrared waves. The main purpose of infrared devices is to heat objects in the room, not people.

In the middle (2.5 ÷ 5.6 μm) and short (0.75 ÷ 2.5 μm) ranges, industrial IR devices operate, propagating electromagnetic waves at a distance of up to 12 m. It is not recommended to use such infrared radiation heaters in everyday life.

Traditional heaters heat the surrounding atmosphere. Due to the lower density and mass, warm air goes up, displacing cold air down. The temperature near the floor in this case is the lowest: cold feet confirm this. It takes hours to comfortably warm up a medium-sized room. This is convection, indirect heat.

Energy sources for IR heaters: electricity, natural gas or diesel fuel. The infrared heater of residential premises works exclusively from the outlet - the rest of the energy sources are used in production conditions.

Types of household electric infrared heaters.

Ceramic, in the form of wall panels. Source of IR rays: resistive cable or heating element. Does not emit visible light.

Carbon, in the form of floor or ceiling appliances. IR Source: Quartz tube filled with conductive carbon fibers. Visible light is small.

Mycathermic, in the form of floor (equipped with wheels for movement), or wall hanging panels. The emitter is a nickel plate, covered on both sides with layers of mica: it increases the wavelength to a safe one. The latest models of such devices are multilayered: on the back side, the layer reflects, and on the front side, it enhances the radiation. The temperature of the device is not higher than 60 ° C, the rays are not visible.

Film, in the form of film rolls for underfloor heating. The source of the rays is a resistive cable that heats the inner metal coating of the film. Not a light source, maximum temperature up to 70°C.

HEATING OF A COUNTRY HOUSE WITH INFRARED HEATERS

For a private house, infrared devices are used as the main or additional heating. Depending on this, preference is given to stationary or portable devices. For main heating, it is preferable to use ceiling (panel or open) appliances and a warm infrared floor.

It is rational to arrange constant heating with infrared heaters fixed to the ceiling in one room from several low-power devices. One powerful one creates an “iron on the head” effect: this is the main argument of the opponents of infrared heating.

Ceiling IR devices, even with effective thermal insulation facing the ceiling, can deform non-mineral finishes over the years. Plastic panels are recommended to be protected additionally.

In order to maintain an acceptable temperature during a particularly frosty period or in the off-season, when the main system is already turned off, wall or floor options are preferred. There are also models for local heating of the legs. Such infrared heaters for an apartment with central heating are a reasonable solution.

Obviously, any heating, including infrared, gives the greatest effect in a room with high-quality thermal insulation.

Practice shows that it is not yet possible to heat the street economically. Even the elementary elimination of small heat leaks significantly reduces energy costs.

An electric infrared heater has significant advantages over other types. The main ones are:

Security.

When buying an IR heater, safety performance is given top priority. Heating its surface does not reach such a high temperature as other heaters. Additional protection (metal sheath) always covers the heating elements. The thermal relay turns off the device when the programmed temperature is reached. Floor models automatically shut off when tipping over.

Maintenance and care.

The infrared heater needs periodic cleaning of the reflectors and replacement of the heat source at the end of its service life. No moving parts, no need to change filters. Overall service is minimal.

Thermal parameters.

When heated with infrared heaters, effective heating is provided immediately after switching on. The output to the operating mode does not exceed half an hour. Infrared heaters quickly provide indoor comfort, regardless of the outside temperature. The generated heat is reflected by a polished metal reflector.

It extends several meters in front of the heater. The heating efficiency is not affected by drafts and wind - this allows you to use the device on the street. Instead of heating the air like conventional heaters, infrared heaters heat the objects they are aimed at.

Low noise level.

In certain rooms - bedrooms, classrooms, science labs, it is important to have a heater that works silently. Infrared heaters do not have moving parts or a fan: they do not create noise. The crackling inherent in some appliances is only audible when heated or cooled.

Savings and energy efficiency.

The advantage of any locally installed heater is zoning. With an infrared heater, it is possible to heat only that part of the house that is used at a particular moment. At the same time, savings on heating will be 30-50%.

Infrared heaters use significantly less energy than conventional heaters. To provide zone heating, a power of 100 W per 1 sq. m. The reflector used in the design instantly delivers almost 100% of the generated heat in a given direction.

The intensity of work in all models is changed using a thermostat (can be supplied as an option). Actual savings depend on thermal insulation, room height, construction type and other factors.

Environmental friendliness.

Electric infrared heaters operate without organic fuel, do not have toxic by-products of combustion, open flame. Nothing is added, nothing is taken from the surrounding air.

Unlike open coil heaters, which significantly reduce humidity, IR heaters do not dry the air.

THE BEST INFRARED HEATERS

Regardless of the manufacturer, for home use, preference should be given to devices equipped with a thermostat (mechanical, electronic) or having the ability to connect it. Electronic programmable controllers with floor and air temperature sensors are the ideal solution.

The degree of protection of the device is also important: IP at least 20. For dusty and damp rooms - IP-54. This indicator must be indicated in the product passport. Good moisture protection guarantees safe use in bathrooms.

Infrared thermal technology is developing very rapidly, the prices of outdated models are constantly declining. Their main drawback is the need to replace the emitter after 2-3 years of operation. Modern mikathermic infrared heaters last up to 20 years.

In the Russian market, infrared heaters for a private house or apartment, street or gazebo (thermal umbrellas) are represented by dozens of domestic and foreign manufacturers. The price range is quite wide. The answer to the question of which infrared heater is better depends on the expected conditions of its operation.

TOP HEATER BRANDS FOR HOUSE AND APARTMENT

PLEN.

Film electric heater for universal use: for ceilings, floors, wall panels. This technology is easy to install, has a guarantee of 10 years and a half-century service life. Many domestic manufacturers produce such heaters.

For high (including suspended) ceilings of suburban private houses, interiors with high design requirements. There are mikathermic models. Thermostats optional.

NeoClima.

Open and closed devices of various capacities with a heating element - emitter.

Timberk.

Closed-type quartz or carbon emitter. The minimum suspension height is 2.2 m at a power of 800 W (for 8 m 2). Several of these devices will provide heat to a living space of any size.

The listed manufacturers additionally provide heaters with thermostats, some of them with remote controls.

For wall and floor use, micathermic type appliances are recommended. The Polaris brand offers models of various capacities. Film infrared floor heating using PLEN technology meets all the requirements for efficiency and safety.

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