Sooty mushroom. How to deal with soot fungus on an apple tree, chemicals and biologics for treatment

Warm and damp weather provokes the development of fungal diseases on apple trees. Healthy plants resist infection, while those affected by pests and weakened specimens instantly fall ill. Apple trees are affected by soot fungus, most often as a result of damage to the aphid culture and insects that leave sugary secretions. For proper growth of plantings, regularly carry out preventive actions, and with the appearance of a fungus - treatment.

The first signs of soot fungus are the appearance of a black plaque on:

• bark;
• branches;
• leaves;
• fruits.

The fungus feeds on:

• sweet secretions of insects, they are mainly excreted by aphids;
• juice from the apple tree.

The greatest danger to the plant is not the pests themselves, but the disease caused by their appearance. Fruits with black spots are allowed to be consumed without harm to health. Only their presentation is lost. Affected apples do not store well and quickly rot.

It is necessary to treat the plant, because:

• the pores of the tree are clogged;
• normal respiration of leaves is disturbed;
• the process of photosynthesis is suppressed;
• winter hardiness decreases.

The fungal disease tolerates severe frosts well, and attacks again in the spring.

Causes and signs of fungus

A harmful fungus settles on apple trees with numerous wounds that appear after damage to branches and pruning. As a result, it stands out a large number of juice containing organic substances that feed on various microorganisms and fungal spores.

The soot fungus multiplies rapidly, covering the surface of the bark with hyphae in the form of a black coating, thereby clogging its microscopic holes. As a result of this, air exchange is disturbed, provoking oppression of the tree.

1. In a dry year, a large number of aphids and suckers appear. They create a good breeding ground for the fungus that appears after the pests. Most often, the disease becomes noticeable the next year. The first sign of the appearance of pests on apple trees is running ants along tree trunks.
2. The fungus develops when the plant is shaded, in an unthinned crown, when crops thicken in the garden. Moreover, on the peripheral part of the crown, the fruits may remain undamaged.
3. The causative agent is able to get on a plant with insects, winter on fallen leaves and under the bark.

Signs:

1. The infected area turns black. Plaque looks like soot or ash. Unlike scab, defeat has different shape, size and easy to wash.
2. Infection of fruits occurs before harvest. Apples become small and unpresentable.
3. Severely diseased leaves dry out quickly.

At the first sign of the disease, treatment is started immediately.

How to deal with soot fungus

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to determine the cause of the appearance of the fungus and eliminate it. Heavily overgrown trees are pruned and put in order.

If the cause is insects, then they are treated chemicals:

• "Decis";
• "Fufanon";
• "Karbofos";
• Iskra D.

You can use more environmentally friendly methods:

1. The trapping belt superimposed on the trunk will allow you to catch insects in large quantities.
2. Bait traps with fermented compote are hung on trees, which attract pests.
3. If the insect population is small, then spraying with infusion of tobacco, garlic, bitter wormwood helps. Coniferous concentrate, decoction of potato and tomato tops. Toxicity listed plants retain a short time and do not harm the environment.
4. Landed spices around trees help to scare away pests that like to settle on apple trees.

Severely affected branches are cut and burned. For prevention after trimming, it is recommended to clean and rinse the trunk with a solution blue vitriol. If less than two weeks are left before harvesting, they are treated with a soda solution. Add 150 grams of soda to a bucket of water. After harvesting, the fruit is re-processed.

In the event of a fungal disease in the fall, the affected branches must be pruned within reason. Fallen leaves are collected and burned. Before the winter cold, boles are whitened.

The fight against the formed soot fungus due to pests with the help of biological preparations is also effective:

• "Lepidocide";
• "Bitoxibacillin";
• "Fitoverm";
• "Entobakterin".

These preparations can be used to treat the crop 5 days before fruit picking. "Fitoverm" is the most sparing drug that contains normal microflora and inhibits the development of the fungus.

Prevention

To prevent the occurrence of a fungal disease, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures:

• treat wounds with garden pitch;
• monitor soil moisture, it should not be constantly wet;
• thin out the crown in time;
• fight pests;
• treat the plant from fungi and insects.

Soot fungus - signs, methods of struggle, means of treatment, methods of diagnosis (10+)

Sooty fungus is a harmless saprophyte or dangerous pest?

The material is an explanation and addition to the article:
Plant Diseases - Overview
The plant is sick. How to define a disease? Species, types, classification of plant diseases and pests. Treatment Tips

It's no secret that closer to the middle of summer, plants begin to attack various insect pests. But, on fruit trees, plants and vegetable crops, a fungus appears, which usually looks like black soot - which is why it got the name - sooty.

If in wildlife the fungus appears only by the middle of summer, then in greenhouses and greenhouses it may appear all year round. On fruit-bearing plants, it appears quite often, thereby reducing their shelf life. In this article, we will try to understand the cause of the appearance of the fungus, and how dangerous it is for your plants.

Fungus and insects - sources of harm to your plants

Insects infect plants, thereby they lower the immunity of plants, and damage their surface. This is one of the reasons for the appearance of fungal diseases.

Fungus and the immune system of plants

Soot fungus is a well-known aspergillus fungus that is the causative agent of diseases, both in humans and in plants, and mainly affects the immune organism.

An excellent breeding ground for this type of fungus is a large number of aphids and other insects that leave behind sugary secretions. Therefore, the most in an efficient way getting rid of and preventing the appearance of this type of fungus is the fight against insects that infect plants and reduce their immunity.

The main problem of the soot fungus is that it completely clogs the pores of the plant, thereby interfering with respiration, obscures the leaves, interfering with photosynthesis, which subsequently leads to yellowing and complete death of the leaves of the plant. This type of fungus overwinters on the leaves to attack the plant again in the spring.

Fight against soot fungus

The sooty film that appears on plants can be carefully (so as not to damage the plant itself) wiped off with a soft cloth. This will keep the plants longer. However, you should regularly check the leaves of plants, and remove damaged ones in a timely manner. Often, after a simple procedure with a cloth - the fungus does not affect the plant for a long time, however, with the advent of autumn and its humidity - the problem appears again.

The main option for fighting the fungus is the destruction of insects - pests that infect areas of the plant and create necessary environment for fungal growth. To solve this problem, the best special means for pest control.

The second way is to maintain the plant's immunity at a certain level with the help of special mineral supplements and provide them with optimal plant life.

The third way is the destruction of the very cause - the fungus with the help of fungicides. It is used in case of severe infection of the plant. It should be noted that in this case the fungus is NOT completely destroyed, but its reproduction is suspended!

Note! Given the toxicity of this method, we advise you to give preference to the first two methods, especially since reducing the humidity to 50% and a slight decrease in temperature allows you to get rid of the root of the problem.

One of the gentle drugs that can cope with this fungus is fitoverm.

Prevention of the fungus

As preventive measures In order to prevent the growth of fungus, we can recommend burning old leaves and weeds, processing tree trunks. These simple methods allow you to significantly reduce the number of pests, and therefore minimize the risk of fungal diseases infecting your plants. Also, to prevent the development of fungal diseases, it is necessary to plant plants only in healthy soils, or, if we are talking about indoor plants, only in clean, sterilized pots with good soil. In addition, the development of the fungus is promoted by excessive watering and excessive moisture of plants in pots. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that for watering plants it is necessary to use only water that has undergone preliminary purification, since rainwater, and water from dubious sources, not verified absolutely not suitable for these purposes.

I would like to note that sooty fungi pose a real serious problem only when they settle on the sugary secretions of aphids (they are also called bear dew), with minor lesions, the damaged leaves can simply be cut off, which will not be difficult. After fighting the fungus, you can spray them two or three times with a special solution of potassium soap, which is usually sold in specialized stores. This is necessary in order to wash off the remnants of the sugary secretions of aphids. Completely affected leaves must be destroyed (not thrown away, but burned) in order to avoid further reproduction of the fungus.

This article was written to help gardeners and gardeners, to inform them about the danger that fungal diseases that infect plants and help them find ways to deal with these pests! After all, fungal diseases are dangerous, and can destroy your plants. In this article, we tried to acquaint you with the causes of the appearance of the fungus, the fight against it and prevention. We sincerely hope that this article will be useful to you and help you solve the problem that currently worries almost every gardener and gardener!

Unfortunately, errors occur periodically in articles, they are corrected, articles are supplemented, developed, new ones are being prepared.

Black rot, niello, soot fungus, black mold are the names of the same disease. Scientists call it Aspergillosis. This is widespread fungal infection, affecting cucumbers, peas, beets, carrots, onions. Suffer from it and vegetables, and fruits, and even houseplants. But most often it is found on onions and garlic. Therefore, the fight against black mold in the garden is usually an activity aimed at preserving this particular product.

The disease is caused by the fungus Aspergillus niger. Spores enter the bulbs through damage and affect the upper succulent scales. The heads soften, and dust-like black powder appears between the scales.

Outwardly, on diseased bulbs, only dark spots with characteristic spores. Then the upper scales dry up. Small heads of onions and garlic can even dry out completely. Most often, poorly dried and unripe specimens are affected.

The disease usually manifests itself during storage. But this does not mean that it began at that time. Although re-infection of bulbs in storage is a very common phenomenon, and with direct contact of healthy heads with diseased ones, the transmission of infection occurs very quickly. You can not discount the possibility of obtaining disputes by air - still in the garden.

The fungus of this species is able to live on vegetables, fruits, damaged or dead plants. The range of his "interests" is quite wide, especially in dry and warm areas. In the southern regions, it is often found on many products at once, both of plant and animal origin.

The pathogen persists on post-harvest residues and affected bulbs. With an increase in air temperature above 28 ° C, its activity increases sharply. For infection with conidia, it is enough that the leaves of gourds were moist for just over six hours. For onions, this time is even less. Moreover, it is almost impossible to notice the first symptoms. Is that the discoloration of the neck, where the fungus has penetrated the inside of the bulb or the yellowing of the leaves of the garlic. After a while, the affected scales become watery. And when the mycelium grows, black spores appear, with a diameter of not more than 5 microns.

To protect against the spread sooty fungus it is necessary, first of all, to use a healthy planting material. And this assumes:

Correct crop rotation;
- growing sevka separately from turnip;
- timely cleaning;
- good drying, first in an open place, then indoors at an air temperature of at least 26 ° C;
- sufficient pruning - the neck of the bulb should be from 3 to 6 cm;
- optimum temperature seed storage;
- careful sorting when laying for storage - all suspicious or dark bulbs must be additionally checked for the presence of spores under the scales.

It will not be superfluous to dress the sevka and nigella with a fungicide, for example, Fitosporin. You can use ordinary potassium permanganate for this. But preparations such as "Maxim" in case of black rot disease may not give the expected results.

During the cultivation of onions and garlic, leaves and heads should be protected from damage. Any wound is the entrance gate for infection.

During storage, it is necessary to monitor the air temperature and humidity. It is better if the first is maintained no higher than 15 ° C, and the second - as low as possible. If the bulbs are already infected, they will have to pay special attention to:

Separate from healthy as soon as possible;
- additionally dry;
- dust with chalk.

In a warm room, room temperature black rot spreads very quickly. Sick and obviously not subject to further storage specimens must be immediately destroyed - this is the only way to protect still healthy heads from re-infection.

black mold eggplant

On eggplants, black mold disease is considered harmless. It occurs more often in open field, but can affect fruits in greenhouses.

The pathogen gets on the fruit when they come into contact with the ground. Small wounds on the skin and other mechanical damage contribute to infection. The affected tissue becomes watery, covered gray coating with characteristic black sporangia.

Black mold gourd

Black mold on the leaves of cucumbers and other cucurbits commonly infects protected ground plants. Everyone is susceptible to disease elevated organs. Outwardly, it is expressed in small spots light brown various shapes. Gradually they merge, forming areas of necrosis. Then the stems and leaves dry up, becoming covered with a black coating. Diseased fruits stop their development and wrinkle. This disease develops especially quickly with a large difference between day and night air temperatures.

To combat black rot of cucurbits, it is necessary to follow the rules of crop rotation, remove plant remains, disinfect greenhouses and decontaminate the soil.

• Back
• Forward

1" :pagination="pagination" :callback="loadData" :options="paginationOptions">

The surrounding space is literally saturated with spores of microorganisms and various fungi.

They can lie dormant for years, waiting for the right moment to wake up.

Water is the basis of life on Earth and it is the main factor that brings them out of suspended animation.

Dampness and heat provoke fungal disease of apple trees. However healthy trees successfully resist infection.

Fungus on an apple tree.

As soon as wounds appear on the bark of a tree, the road to diseases is open. Especially in conditions high humidity and warmth.

Permanent condensation on the bark usually occurs as a consequence of insufficient pruning of the apple tree, among the dense branches there is no ventilation and fungi multiply uncontrollably.

Sometimes gardeners themselves provoke an epidemic, ignoring the necessary preventive treatments, after which you have to deal with a massive disease, which does not always give a positive result.

In no case should not be missed the following activities:

sooty fungus

Sooty fungus on the bark, branches, leaves and fruits forms a black coating. The pathogen feeds on sugars from the flowing juice of the apple tree and sweet secretions of insects - and moths.

The only difference is Cytosporosis can be fought, and the apple tree can be saved. But you can’t play for time, because the infection spreads very quickly. The entire garden is in danger.

On the dead peel, small tubercles are noted, on which shields or plates of white, gray or black color are noted. Careful inspection allows you to distinguish thin threads that may have a different color (white, red, yellow, gray). Control measures the same as with black cancer.

black fungus

This is the worst option- such a tree is sick with black cancer, it is doomed and will die in 3-4 years. Worse than that, there was a danger of losing the entire garden. It is necessary without hesitation to remove all affected branches to healthy wood.

Scraps must be collected and burned, and disinfect the wounds with a 3-5% solution of vitriol and cover with pitch after drying.

How to fight and how to process?

When a fungus is found on apple trees first of all it is necessary to find out: what led to the infection, what mistakes were made? It is necessary to develop a strategy for restoring the health of the garden.

Young trees are less susceptible to disease, but the fungus can kill them in one season.

There is also good news - a young garden is easier to treat immediately with strong chemicals, without regard to the "waiting time before harvesting."

Except Bordeaux liquids, all copper-containing preparations of the type can be used:

• "HOM";
• "Speed";
• "Topaz".

Advice! You can try to save older trees with ovaries with a solution baking soda(150 grams per bucket of water). Do not be afraid if the tree sheds fruit - this is how it saves its life. Having given a full harvest, the apple tree will not be able to survive the winter.

During the autumn When pruning these apple trees, it is necessary to rejuvenate and thin out the crown as much as possible.

Don't forget to whitewash the stems.

Soot fungus - treatment and prevention

The appearance of soot fungus happens unexpectedly for the gardener - it is difficult to notice black stains on the bark.

Plaque on apples is impossible not to notice. It is too late to treat the garden from the disease.

Tree damage by this disease happens for several reasons.:

• Untreated garden pitch wounds;
• Leaf-eating and sucking insects (aphids, suckers);
• Incorrect pruning of a tree - a thickened crown.

Ordinary planned work in the garden at the same time represent the best prevention treatment of soot fungus on an apple tree.

It makes no sense to dwell on the need to use a garden pitch separately. Regular pruning of the garden in spring and autumn should be the rule.

And all preventive treatments of the garden from fungal diseases and pests will not allow you to lose crops due to aphids.

Good protection against insects Timely installed insect traps, trapping belts, attracting birds and predatory insects.

Treatment

Upon detection obvious signs fungus treatment cannot be delayed..

Remove severely affected branches regardless of the season - the damage from the disease significantly exceeds the apparent harm from pruning out of time.

Anything cut must be burned.

A severely affected tree trunk must be cleaned and washed:

1. 5% solution of vitriol (copper or iron),
2. a solution of 100 grams of caustic soda in a bucket of water.

If before harvest at least 15 days:

• treat with a 1% solution of vitriol with the addition of soap for leaf wettability.
• a solution of baking soda (150 grams per bucket of water) can be used without harm to human health and treat apple trees with almost ripe fruits.

After cleaning harvest, it is desirable to process the apple trees again - the fungus will not allow the apple trees to properly prepare for winter.

Attention! Special attention should be given autumn pruning garden. If apple trees suffer from fungal diseases, their branches must be thinned out as much as possible (within reason). Make sure that no rot remains on the branches, it is advisable to rake the leaves of diseased apple trees and burn them. Whitewashing boles for the winter is required.

Prevention

The best prevention of various diseases of the garden - right behind the trees during the whole year.

Everything should go according to plan, without emergency work. Then there won't be much of a problem.

Healthy trees do not pick up all the infections in a row.

Important! Every missed operation in the garden threatens big problems in a month or two.

Mandatory preventive measures:

1. Spring pruning of branches damaged in winter, followed by eradicating spraying;
2. Top dressing of apple trees with a spring complex;
3. Installation of trapping belts and other traps for insect pests;
4. Repeated spraying after bud break and after flowering;
5. during the pouring of fruits only when necessary;
6. Autumn top dressing of the garden with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers;
7. Autumn pruning of the garden, cleaning of all residues from the site (especially mummified fruits from branches);
8. Mandatory whitewashing of boles before winter.

Besides, help to protect the garden and crops implementation of recommendations:

• When spraying, try to treat near-stem circles from fungi;
• When using garden tool- disinfect it often;
• Harvest with gloves: the slightest scratch on an apple is a source of rot;
• Do not forget to remove rotten apples from the branches - pathogen spores will infect the garden for another 2 years.

Features of treatment on different parts of the apple tree

Methods for the treatment of fungal infections of the apple tree on different parts trees can have their own specifics, the same drugs are used for treatment.

On leaves and branches

This is the easiest case to treat. Heavily damaged branches are removed(at the same time, thin out the crown) and process with a composition suitable for the season:

• 3% vitriol solution before bud break;
• 1% - after bud break or after flowering;
• 1% solution of caustic soda;
• 1.5-2% solution of baking soda when pouring fruits;
• after harvest you can even use heavy artillery (for example, “Skor”).

On the trunk

It is necessary to approach the treatment of the trunk responsibly: in extreme cases, a diseased branch can be donated, and the trunk is one, so the question is especially acute: - how to treat if there is mold on the trunk of an apple tree.

Trunk processing begins with cleaning. If there is no damage to the bark under the fungi, they simply disinfect the trunk and you can finish it for now.

If, after the initial treatment, the fungus still remains on the trunk of the apple tree, how to treat it? Here it is worth considering more effective methods.

Processing can be carried out with stronger solutions - 5% vitriol or also 5%, but mixtures of vitriol with caustic soda in equal proportions.

These compounds literally “burn out” not only fungi, but also mosses, lichens, tinder fungi.

On the roots

The part of the roots protruding above the ground they act as with a trunk: they clean it and simply pour the affected parts with a solution. It does not cause any contamination of the soil with chemicals.

Features of processing by season

The best way to prevent a fungus from appearing on an apple tree, how to deal with it is prevention, fungal diseases of the garden are no exception.

However spring and autumn preventive measures differ fundamentally.

spring

In addition to preventive pruning branches damaged during the winter, it is necessary to carry out eradicating spraying of the garden before bud break, on bare branches 3% Bordeaux mixture.

autumn

Pruning the garden is one of the most effective preventive measures against fungal garden diseases:

• Remove all old and diseased branches;
• Produce pruning for rejuvenation.

Necessary using pruning, form a crown that will not be subject to stagnation of air and impaired ventilation. In addition, young healthy branches are less susceptible to all sorts of infections.

Preparations

blue vitriol

Immediately after the spring pruning, the first eradication spraying of the garden is carried out.
It needs to be carried out before bud break so that diseases do not pass to young foliage and flower buds. It is necessary to use only freshly prepared 3% Bordeaux liquid.

Advice! It is useful to add any universal insect repellent to the solution.

Soda

Caustic soda solution (100 g per 10 liters of water) copes well if there is mold on the apple tree, lichen and moss on apple trees. Moisten the trunk, branches and foliage with this solution.

D for processing apple trees with fruit ovaries it is preferable to use a slightly higher concentration of baking soda solution - 150 grams of soda per bucket of water.

Fungal diseases of fruits

In practice, from fungal diseases on apples, it manifests itself most often scab. Its spots can be observed even on the tree during the ripening of apples.

The second most common disease that affects the fruits of the apple tree - moniliosis(fruit rot).

At first, the disease does not manifest itself. During storage, concentric spots of fungus appear on apples, the fruit turns black and rots. The worst thing is that it infects neighboring apples.

All other diseases lead to a complete loss of crop:

• Cytosporosis leads to the drying of the tree, the apple tree in the struggle for life simply drops the crop;
• When defeated powdery mildew ovaries crumble without developing;
• Black cancer generally destroys the tree.

Important! To prevent damage to apples during storage, work with gardening gloves. The slightest scratch on an apple causes an avalanche-like process in the storage, all the harvested fruits are at risk.

We looked at where the fungus came from on the apple tree and how to get rid of it, but you must remember: you can’t write off all the causes of garden disease for rainy summers and other vagaries of nature.

timely prevention minimizes the risk development of the majority, it is enough:

• Carry out on time spring pruning garden;
• Preventive spraying with Bordeaux liquid (3 times in the spring);
• Time to deal with various pests;
• Do not leave diseased branches and fruits in the garden for the winter;
• Carry out top dressing with an autumn complex of fertilizers;
• Prepare the garden for winter with pruning and whitewash the boles.

Useful videos

See in this video what you definitely need to do with an apple tree in spring:

See in this video what scab on an apple tree is and how to deal with it:

Learn from the video how to get rid of moss and lichen on trees:

See in this video how apple trees should be fed and prevented:

The spread of a fungal infection in the garden should not be allowed. Pruning diseased branches and chemical treatment these risks can be minimized.

In contact with

Hello brothers in misfortune!

In our village it fungal disease has not yet acquired such proportions as in other villages of the Volsky district, but the pace of its spread is frightening.

It is impossible for a non-specialist to determine the presence of a disease even in the beds. At first glance, the affected turnip also looks quite decent, but under its outer dry scale you can find a black dusty coating that stains hands with “soot”, but is easily washed off with water.

The sooty fungus causes the greatest harm to onion sets. A closer examination of the bulbs reveals several stages in the development of the disease - first, the upper scale (we do not count the outer dry one) becomes watery, then a black coating appears on it, the scale becomes mummified, or even the bulb as a whole. Over the winter, a dozen bulbs often remain from a bucket of onion sets.

Let's fight my love complex method:

- we sort the sets very carefully. If the onion does not seem so golden, a little dark, remove the dry scale and look, perhaps a sooty fungus has been raging under it for a long time;

— better than all throw it away if signs of the disease are found and purchase a new one (choose carefully, ask a couple of suspicious ones to break). But there was no soot fungus on our land, just before the purchase of the sevka. When buying, the bow looked perfect (it went through not a single stage of sorting from the owner), but there were already disputes on it ...

- we pickle sevok, nigella (it too! Remember - it affects the entire onion) and seed (uterine) bulbs with a fungicide in accordance with the attached instructions. I met a mention that this can be done with tigam and TMTD preparations. Haven't tried it myself. I'm more inclined towards "phytosporin". There will be a result - I will write. "Maxim" does not give noticeable results when affected by a sooty fungus. Afraid - take potassium permanganate. ;

- we plant all three onions (sevok, nigella, seed) geographically remotely from each other, while observing crop rotation;

- remove in a timely manner (immature bulbs are more affected);

- dry properly - in one layer in a well-ventilated area. Better with direct sunlight. We practice taking crates of onions out into the sun. But remember - the sun can "cook" the onion. We have such a practice behind us (in 2010). So the sun should also be in moderation;

- for sevka, we radically change the place of storage (the spores of the fungus are stored in storage for a very long time). We choose a dry, well-ventilated place with a low temperature of 15-20 ° C. Our winter 28-30 ° C in an apartment or house is very conducive to the reproduction of the fungus, especially if the boxes are “adapted” somewhere in the corner ... Wet undergrounds are also not suitable, even if the temperature in them is appropriate. Difficult, but it is necessary to think;

- to change the cellar for turnips and seed onions - this is an impossible task. We will process - at least with a sulfuric checker "FAS". If possible, move the boxes to another corner of the cellar. For greater importance, you can throw out the boxes in which the onion was stored last year. For turnip best temperature storage 1-3°C.

Do not let this disease go “on the brakes”! Once upon a time, the Tersinsky bow (a village in the Volsky district) was very popular in our area, now it is almost everywhere damaged there. Take care of your seeds.