How to make stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands - a diagram and dimensions, how to correctly calculate the project. Options for compact stairs to the second floor for small areas

This article is an overview of the most popular types of stairs, and also contains practical advice on how to make and calculate stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands. Scheme, calculations, dimensions, as well as drawings are attached. At the end of each chapter there is a video with a visual display of the construction process.

For ease of reading, the article is divided into several chapters:

• the first chapter contains general recommendations;
• the second chapter presents methods for creating a spiral staircase project that can be applied at work;
• the third, fourth and fifth chapters have examples on creating common structures made of wood, concrete and metal;
• the latter offers 10 designs and answers the question about the optimal width.

For convenience, the article has a navigation bar with which you can go to any item and start reading from the desired chapter.

An example of a metal staircase project

How to calculate the stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands correctly - general recommendations

The staircase is used for comfortable movement between floors. As a rule, this design is used daily - two-storey houses most often built with the location of bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor. From this you can get the two most important rules when designing a structure - safety and convenience.

Above the racks

Important: Stairs are a source of increased trauma for people of all ages. A fall can have an extremely negative impact on human health, therefore, it should be made as safe as possible. To do this, there are several ways that allow you to completely minimize the risks.

First of all, it is necessary to make steps of optimal height and width. It’s easy to stumble on too high steps, and it’s extremely difficult to walk along narrow ones, so you can easily slip. It is necessary to take this into account when designing, laying the size in advance in the project.

In the big house

The most optimal step height can be considered 150-200mm. This is enough to take a confident step, without fear of stumbling or incorrectly bringing your foot up. The depth or width must be at least 200mm - this requirement is easy to obtain from middle length human legs.

In addition, each staircase needs a railing. They allow you to move great comfort and safety - the risk of falling is significantly reduced.

Important: The material must not be slippery. It is better not to make a staircase from tiles or varnished wood - they have a smooth surface, which is very inconvenient for movement. If a tree is still used, it is not superfluous to process sandpaper or upholstery steps carpet.

Above the sofa

Convenience often depends on safety. If the steps are safe, then, at the same time, they will be comfortable. Of course, sometimes for the sake of convenience, you can deviate somewhat from the standard sizes - if only a tall person uses them, you can make the height of the steps more than 200mm.

Ladder slope versus usability graph

How to make a screw structure yourself

The spiral staircase has its own special appearance, due to which it becomes possible to create a completely different design. In addition, the screw design saves a lot of space on both floors, making the room more ergonomic.

screw

Calculation of the spiral staircase to the second floor

In the case of creating a spiral staircase to the second floor, the calculation must begin with the number of steps and the height of their location. Based on what was said in the last chapter, the optimal height between the steps is 200mm, and the depth is 200-300mm. But it must be taken into account that the steps of spiral staircases have the form of expanding cones, therefore, their depth must be calculated in a special way.

With center pillar

For calculation it is better to use mathematical formulas. First, you need to know the circumference of the structure. It is most convenient to do this using the formula 2 * 3.14 * r, where r is the span width. For example, with a span width of 1000mm, the circumference will be 6280mm. To get the step width from the outside, it is enough to divide this distance by the number of steps in one span. For example, with 10 steps, the distance will be 628mm, which will allow you to create a flat staircase without voids.

Screw model calculation scheme

The height of the structure is determined by the height of the room, just like when creating a regular staircase. The height between the steps should be equal to the optimum - for example, usually 150-250mm is enough. Optimal Height it is better to calculate from the height of the room. For example, for the height of the ceilings in the room - 2700mm. The steps will be 20mm thick, the ceiling thickness will be 150mm.

Advice: Calculations must start from the floor - the floor is the zero step. First you need to sum up the height of the room and the ceiling, since it is at this distance that the stairs should go. In this case, it is equal to 2850mm. To get the number of steps, it is necessary to divide it by the appropriate height of one step with its height - for example, 220mm. The result, rounded off, is 13 steps. The last, 13th step, in this case, will be the floor of the second floor.

Graphic construction and dimensions

At this stage, it is best to create a project on paper. It is not necessary to make it as accurate as possible in terms of drawing, but even a simple sketch will help to better understand the project.

Dimensions of spiral staircases to the second floor

When calculating the size, it is necessary to build on the most comfortable width of the stairs in 800-1000mm. This is enough to pass even with a large load on your hands, while not restricting your movements (unfortunately, large-sized furniture will still have to be lifted through the windows).

Screw model project

A spiral staircase is a circle, therefore the diameter is equal to the addition of the width of the passages and, if the staircase is built with a central support, the size of the support. On average, the diameter of such a design is 1600-2000mm, which is enough for its convenient use, regardless of the features. More details in the table below

Advice: Very often the size of the stairs depends on the height of the ceiling. For the little one country house it makes no sense to make a very wide staircase - 700mm will be enough to go to the second floor. For the attic, exactly the same rule is followed.

Video spiral staircase project

This video shows how to make stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands (diagram and dimensions of the project are attached). The main points of installation are shown, as well as all the features of working with this type of structure.

Do-it-yourself wooden staircase to the second floor

An ordinary staircase can be built according to similar calculations and methods. A do-it-yourself wooden staircase to the second floor in a private house is made much simpler than a spiral one, but it takes up relatively more space. Next, consider the main points of the calculation and video instructions.

from wood

Calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor

In this case, it is necessary to build on the same average values ​​- with a depth of 200-250mm and a height of 200-250mm. The distance must be divided in the same way - by calculating from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor.

Calculation example

The calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor must take into account the length - it is the addition of the depth of all steps. The more there are, the longer the length itself will be. For an ordinary staircase in a room, on average, 10-12 steps are enough, which in total will be equal to 2000-2500mm with a depth of 200mm and 2500-3000mm with a depth of 250mm.

Stair design with 90 degree turn

Advice: The width of such a design should be on average 800-1000mm. This size should provide complete freedom of action. Therefore, if railings are planned, then there should be additional space for them on the steps.

The opening above the structure should begin from the place where less than 2000-2200mm remains from the step to the ceiling - this is enough for any person of height. Do not make the opening too short - savings in this case can result in inconvenience and additional labor costs.

Notation

If you plan to create a turn, then you need to calculate it with the same conditions - the only change is the width of the step - steps in the turn area are calculated similarly to screw ones, but they can be done with emphasis on the wall.

Video instruction

This video is an instruction for the design and installation of a wooden staircase with a 90 degree turn.

Do-it-yourself concrete staircase to the second floor - video instruction

Concrete is an excellent material for stairs - it is very durable and allows you to work with any volume. Often, for such a design, it is enough just to assemble the frame and fill it.

Formwork for concrete structure

Important: It should be noted that the creation concrete stairs on the second floor with their own hands requires very large investments - a huge amount of concrete is spent on a completely cast structure. Most likely you will have to order a full-fledged concrete mixer - the process will take an extremely long time using the usual manual method.

Cast construction

To relieve this process the span should be additionally strengthened with different blocks. A good idea is to create a frame from foam blocks, on which the formwork is subsequently laid. This allows you to get extra space under construction and use it for household needs.

The video below shows the process of assembling the formwork and pouring it, showing the main points of work.

Do-it-yourself metal staircase to the second floor - calculation and video instruction

The metal is extremely ductile and at the same time durable material. Do-it-yourself metal staircase to the second floor, unfortunately, is not the most comfortable - it is quite difficult to heat it, but the strength will be very high. In addition, a metal staircase takes up little space - this is true for houses with a small total area.

Iron construction

In this case, one of the features of the calculation is the fact that metal step takes up very little space. Usually its size is 5-10mm, and with the entire height of the structure, their total volume rarely exceeds 90-100mm.

The calculations are no different from ordinary stairs, but with the difference that it is necessary to take into account the resistance of materials. For construction, we recommend using metal pipes with a wall thickness of at least 8 mm, and for steps - reinforcement not thinner than 7 mm. At the same time, with wide steps, thickened options should be used that will not bend under the weight of a person.

One-march iron ladder to the second floor by hand

Advice: If the design is created from square profiles, it is worth choosing them with a cross section of at least 5 mm - square profiles are much more stable than round ones due to hard edges. You can work with metal both by welding and fasteners.

The video below shows an example of creating a metal staircase structure, which is subsequently sheathed with drywall. It shows the main points of the work.

What should be the width of the stairs to the second floor in a private house - the correct dimensions?

This question is purely personal. Despite the optimal span width of 800-1000mm, this value can seriously vary depending on the personal preferences of the person. It should be borne in mind that the wider the opening, the more resources will be required.

Examples of the width of different types of stairs

It is worth separately setting a minimum border of 500mm - a narrower design will be completely inconvenient to use, and it will be quite problematic to move some things or furniture along it. The maximum limit depends solely on the room, but still, you should not make the width more than 2000-2500mm, especially in cases where the staircase is not the main one in the hall.

Do-it-yourself stairs to the second floor in a private house - diagram and drawing of 10 projects

Scheme of stairs with straight marches
Angled 90 degrees
Drawing U-shaped stairs with turntable
Plan of the wooden model
Detail drawing
Calculation simple staircase
Rotated 180 degrees
Project of a straight marching staircase
Direct two-march

The layout of a house or apartment on two floors is always more attractive than one-story projects. It is more comfortable to live in such a house, since it has more space and the presence of a staircase to the second floor makes its project more interesting. Although the last point largely depends on the design of the apartment and the type of stairs chosen. After all, its design and design exactly, as well as the material of manufacture can be the most diverse.

Stairs to the second floor photo

Stairs to the second floor: what are they made of?

The chosen material and execution style will greatly influence the interior design of the premises in which it will be located. For manufacturing, it can be used as completely one raw material, and there can be various combinations. The most common options are:

• Wood
• Metal - wood
• Stone - metal
• Metal - glass

There are also models consisting of three or more materials at once.

Wooden

Wood will always be the most popular natural material for home improvement. It was she who began to be used earlier than others for this purpose. Therefore, wooden stairs can rightfully be called the very first that appeared. To this day, wood is used to produce a variety of types of stairs, from classic to modern styles. This material is strong and durable, and products made from it are very reliable, beautiful and even unique.

The cost of wooden models of the same type depends directly on the type of wood used, the cheapest options are usually made from pine. But not only wood affects the price, appearance, size, shape can also significantly affect the final cost of the product.

The uniqueness of wooden products is that they exude warmth, if you need to emphasize the comfort of the hearth, then you definitely need to use this particular type.

metal

In the race for the “reliability” place, metal models are certainly in the lead, ahead of wooden ones. The metal frame is able to withstand a much greater mass and load. And at correct installation and thoughtful design, it will last much longer in its original form. The probability of creaking and play of steps and other parts of metal models is reduced to zero due to rigid fixation with bolts or even welding. Metal stairs to the second floor can be both classic and indispensable in the house design, which is made in high-tech style.

It is better to entrust their installation to professionals, because this time-consuming process is often associated with welding work.

Modern such stairs for country house or apartments are most often made with a combination of another material. After all, the metal itself is cold, so it needs additional finishing. Most often, as mentioned above, metal stairs for the house are combined with wood, usually steps and railings. Such a model will be reliable and at the same time cozy in the interior of any home.

In addition to wood, they are combined with glass, stone, plastic and other materials.

Such combined models for a country house are good, in that the total mass of the product is much lighter.

The advantages of metal models, in addition to durability, include the possibility of manufacturing products by different shapes. It could be corner model, with strict geometric shapes, and may be rounded. Among metal models, forged stairs stand apart. Such author's works look amazingly beautiful, such models will bring beauty and a unique, noble atmosphere to the interior, because they look like a work of art.

Stone

For the manufacture of natural and fake diamond in combination with concrete and metal. The former serve as a lining, and concrete as a base, metal, respectively, as a railing. This type products can be classified as fireproof. At the same time, they are one of the most expensive, but at the same time the most durable and reliable. Stone stairs in the interior look rich and very noble. They are ideal for large country houses in classical styles. They are made using marble, onyx, travertine and other rocks. They can be made both straight and screw.

First of all, it should be said that all types of stairs can be divided into two large groups: these are marching and screw.

What is the difference between them?

Marching - they are straight, L-shaped and U-shaped. One model, depending on the form, can have from one to several marches. A march is a group of steps consisting of one rectangular fragment. The optimal number of steps in one march is considered to be 16 pieces. If there is more than one march in the structure, they are combined by an inter-march platform.

Screw or otherwise they are called spiral, do not have an inter-march platform, as they are made in the form of a continuous spiral. Here the number of steps is no longer limited, they completely depend on the height of the second floor.

Spiral stairs are perfect option for a small room, because it takes up much less space compared to others.

In addition, those and others are of several more types, depending on the design.

Stairs on stringers

The kosour is the supporting part of the staircase structure, it is on it that the steps are attached from above. Depending on the design, the stringers are straight, broken, screw and involute. This structure is considered one of the most reliable, since the steps are rigidly fixed in the middle part, which will protect them from bending and breaking through. Also, due to the simplicity of the design, this type is considered one of the most popular. Below you can see photos of such products on stringers.

Bolts stairs

original name of this type comes from the word "Bolz", which in German means fixing fasteners. Fasteners are usually special bolts. Thanks to them, such models have a simplified design and look more weightless than all the others. They can be made from either metal or wood. Due to the rigid fixation, such stairs, even wooden ones, will not creak over time. Such models are assembled and disassembled like a construction set, so they are easy to assemble on site. And also in case of damage to one of the parts, it is possible to easily replace it.

Stairs on bowstrings

Bowstrings are fastener located on both sides of the steps, it is against it that the steps rest. These can be cuts or special protrusions. Ladders on bowstrings are considered a classic option. They are most often found in wooden structures. They look very elegant and simple at the same time.

Stair design - stylistic differences

Interior design does not tolerate mistakes in the choice of accessories and objects, everything that is in the interior should be combined into one stylistic composition. Stairs for a private house or apartments, today can be made to order in the required style. It is worth saying that the staircase in the living room or any other room will become one of the main and noticeable elements that fill the interior, as it is one of its largest objects. Therefore, it is extremely important to choose her style in accordance with the entire interior design.

classical

Products in this style can be made both from metal and from wood and stone. The same classic beauty will unite them all. implying in wooden options, beautiful carvings on the stair pillars and the graceful profile of the handrails. metal models- these are certainly forged stairs, the main beauty of which lies in the elegance of the railing. It is the railings that mostly attribute the stairs of this design to one or another classical style. Forged models can be made in the style of Baroque, Renaissance, Empire. They differ from each other in the nature of the decorative ornament.

And of course, stone models qualitatively reflect the classical style, because they were used in palaces and castles for many centuries.

Provence style staircase

Provence is one of the fashion trends in interior design these days. In a private house in the Provence style, such a model can be wooden or metal. Both options can be made using the aging technique. The main shade of the Provence style is considered to be light, so the Provence-style stairs often have decor decorated with patina. The design includes a beautiful invitation first step. Graceful and light decor accompanies along its entire length.

Since the Provence style is considered homely and cozy, the presence on the steps carpet only welcome. Perfectly reflects this style and designs made of natural stone in combination with elegant wrought iron railing decor.

High-tech models

Hi-tech means using only modern version or high quality natural materials. Glass and metal are considered the most suitable. Indeed, for this style, the presence of glossy, metallic chrome parts will be the best reflection of it. Not only the materials, but also the construction and design of the high-tech staircase is made in an ultra-modern design. This style is characterized by the presence of well-defined angular geometric details. It contains elements of cubism and constructivism. It is the unusual design that often indicates the presence of high-tech style. In addition to all this, high-tech models can be part of another interior element, such as a built-in living room set. It is also characterized by the presence of bright colors and a built-in LED backlight. This option reflects the idea of ​​a perfect and reliable design.

Loft style

This style is also called industrial, as it came to the interior design of the world from American factories, attics and warehouses. hallmark loft style stairs is the presence of metal and wood. They can have both an aged rough look and a well-polished one. The ideal staircase to the second floor in this style would be one in which the frame is made of black metal, and the steps are made of gray concrete or worn wood. The presence of fasteners such as metal "rivets" and nuts and bolts will be very useful. Therefore, the designs on the bolts in this case will fit well into the interior in the loft style.

Since this style is characterized by spacious areas, the stairs are often large. But metal screw models are also quite appropriate here.

Chalet style

This style conveys the atmosphere of the Alpine log house. Therefore, it is characterized exclusively wooden crafts, and most often natural color and not uncommon dark tree species. Character traits this style is solidity, reliability and good quality, so they have wide railings and chiseled baluster posts and pillars. Not infrequently, these stairs have a rather serious and massive design. At the same time, these are exclusively marching types, both straight and of a different form with an intermediate platform.

Country style

Country style and rustic are very similar, because in both cases, most often the main material is wood, this also applies to stairs. Products in this style are made in a somewhat rough form, but this is not due to the lack of experience of the master, this is a style that has grown out of a trait and a way of life that has developed by itself in the conditions of village life.

Backlight and lighting

A comfortable staircase is made not only by the adjusted height of the steps, width, angle of inclination and comfortable handrails, but also by lighting. Indeed, without proper lighting, especially at night or if it is in a poorly lit hall, the stairs are not only not convenient, it is dangerous to go down and up. Therefore, this area of ​​​​the house must be well-lit.

There are two ways to accomplish this task, this is to make the backlight directly in the stairs or make it along it wall lighting.

Illumination built into the stairs

Such light is an innovation that is in great demand in our time in design. After all, with such a backlight, the design becomes much more attractive. Its appearance becomes more elegant, against the background of light its forms are more pronounced and aesthetic. And if for this purpose the illumination under the steps is used, then the effect of soaring steps is created. This solution in the interior looks stylish and modern. Therefore, it is perfect for apartments and houses whose design is made in modern, loft and high-tech style.

Used for lighting LED Strip Light, it is built under the steps, and sometimes into the railing. LEDs can also be used Spotlights. They will give the design of the stairs their zest. Modern models equipped with a special sensor that automatically turns on the backlight when motion occurs.

The lighting on the stairs does not need to be made very bright, its task is to mark the boundaries of the steps and other parts and slightly illuminate the surrounding space in order to orient a person ascending or descending. Also, it should be installed in such a way that the source does not shine directly into the eyes.

Wall and non-standard lighting

In parallel with the standard illumination of stairs, and more often without it, accompanying wall lighting is used. It can be as standard Wall lights: a sconce, or there can be point ones, built into niches, highlighting, for example, a picture or a standing vase. Such unobtrusive lighting fits very organically into the design of the stairs. In addition, wall lamps can be used to illuminate the steps, they are usually located close to them.

Traditional wall lighting using lamps with plafonds will fit perfectly both in classic styles, and in country and Provence styles. And when using the appropriate design of fixtures, this method is suitable for any modern style.

The design of the stairs - what can it be?

The issue of design can be dealt with, both before its manufacture, and after its installation. In the latter case, there are special means and techniques.

To understand how to beautifully design a staircase, you need to know where and how it will be located. Indeed, in one case it will be more logical to arrange one part of it, and in another it is better to focus on the other. For example, if the staircase is located opposite the doors and it is clearly visible from the front, then it would be more logical to arrange its risers. For example, they may have a ceramic tile or mosaic finish. To the beat modern style, they can be applied with decorative inscriptions or original stickers.

If the staircase, for example, is located in the living room along the wall or in the spacious hall, then of course the emphasis should be on the railing. It can be either forged railings or carved wood.

Not infrequently, in some cases, stairs can be decorated with carpets on the steps, it can be fastened lightweight fabric on the railing, etc. If the structure is adjacent to the wall, it may be accompanied by a small art gallery or group family photos within. Wall painting can also be an alternative.

Stairs to the second floor in a private house are often made out from below, especially if there is a lot of space there. Someone arranges there Personal Area, pantries or wardrobe, others create a recreation area with a flower garden with a fountain, the third order built-in furniture according to the form, etc.

Photo of stairs to the second floor

One-story houses no longer seem interesting to us. In addition, it is multi-storey buildings that allow you to create more space even in a limited area. In order to provide access to upper floors you need to use a ladder, which you can either make yourself or buy at a hardware store.

Provided that you decide to build a staircase yourself, you can create individual design, especially since such structures can be made of a wide variety of materials, such as glass, metal, stone or wood. To a greater extent, the choice of stairs for the house depends on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, as well as what space is allocated specifically for the stairs.

Most often in private houses or apartments are built marching stairs. This type of stairs is divided into subspecies depending on the design.

On kosoura

The ladder on the stringers is considered the most popular type. This type of stairs can fit perfectly into various premises, since they can vary in size, and also have great strength and are among the safest. Such stairs can be made both without risers and with them. The method of fastening the steps directly depends on the number of beams that are attached to the base. There may be two or one.

KOSOUR in such stairs can be:

• broken;
• screw;
• straight.

The configurations of this type of stairs can be different, and therefore it is possible to create a truly unique staircase according to your own template. So, for example, for a house decorated in a classic interior, better fit stairs made of stone or wood on the risers.

Here are some photos of the stairs on the stringers.

On bowstrings

Bowstring stairs are an elegant work of architectural art, so you can’t do without them if you need to emphasize wonderful feeling style and taste of the owner.

This ladder has the following features:

• beautiful appearance;
• ease of movement;
• complex design.

The advantage of such ladders is that they fit perfectly and classic interior, and modern. By the way, the staircase is intended not only for private houses, but also for other types of premises (for example, museums). The steps in such a staircase are attached with inside to the base beam.

On the Bolts

This type of stairs is mainly made of steel, but it can also be made of wood. All elements of the stairs are connected to each other with special bolts and pins. The appearance of these stairs is quite simple and weightless, but they are able to withstand quite a lot of weight, the approximate load is up to 200 kg. This can be explained by the fact that the beam is mounted to the wall, ceiling or floor with metal rods.

As for the steps, they can be open or closed, and also have a different intricate shape that you like. If necessary, such a ladder is very easy to either disassemble or repair, this is its main advantage.

Spiral staircase

Spiral or spiral staircases are especially popular for installation both in houses and in apartments. They consist of a rack, handrails and steps. They are considered the most suitable for small rooms, in addition, they can even save space.

Separate these types of spiral staircases:

• round;
• octagonal;
• square.

Can be made from metal or wood. The uniqueness of the design lies in the fact that one side they are attached to the wall, and the other - to the central rack.

Characteristics of wooden stairs

It is no secret that wooden stairs are considered one of the most popular options for such structures. This is not surprising, because the tree is very durable and reliable material, which for long years has proven itself to be the best.

Wood rightfully occupies one of the first places in the list of materials that are most often used for the manufacture of stairs. By the way, in terms of structure, such stairs do not differ at all from the same, only made of other materials, because their design also includes landings and marches, as well as railings and steps.

For stairs to the second floor, from one to three flights of stairs can be built. The most commonly used two-march designs.

As for the method of fastening the steps, the stairs can be divided into the following types:

• single-string (in this form, one of the ends of the step is mounted into the wall, while the opposite is attached to the stringer);
• double-stringed (this type of stairs assumes that both ends of the steps rest either on stringers or on bowstrings);
• stringless (one of the ends of the step with this method of fastening does not have a support, and the second is mounted in the wall).

If you mount bezkosourny stairs, then it is worth considering in detail that the thickness of the wall brick must be at least 1.5 bricks for reliable fastening.

Well-Known Rules fire safety it is forbidden to install wooden stairs with more than two marches in private houses. In such cases, it is worth attaching the steps to the stringers or to special bowstrings, the reliability of which should be given Special attention. In this case, the moisture content of the wood should in no case exceed 12%.

If we take into account the aesthetic component, then stairs with stringers look much better in this case. True, such a design can be weakened by cutouts for steps, which must certainly be on these stairs. It is possible to secure the structure as much as possible thanks to a beam with a large cross section.

The width of wooden stairs should not be less than eighty centimeters. This need can be explained by the convenience of moving. In addition, it is much more comfortable to move along a wide staircase than a narrow one. As for the depth of the steps, it should not be less than 30 cm, since the leg must be firmly attached to it. The average step height is usually 15 cm, but in some cases it can be increased depending on the manufacturer of the stairs.

Metal stairs: advantages and disadvantages

Such stairs have an incredibly reliable design, and they are considered more durable than wooden stairs. Of course, well-made metal stairs can withstand a much greater load than similar structures made of wood. In addition, taking into account the excellent safety and durability performance, the metal staircase is ideal for use in apartments.

Even if you buy a ready-made metal staircase, you can easily make or order an adjustment according to your individual needs, because modern equipment can easily do this.

Very rare in modern interiors all-metal structures are used, clearly inferior leadership positions combinable stairs.

Most often, metal is used in combination with:

• tree;
• plastic;
• stone;
• glass.

Thanks to this, it is possible to significantly lighten the design, thus making it much more practical. So, for example, stairs with a metal frame and glass, plastic or wooden steps look spectacular.

Thanks to this trick, a metal staircase can easily fit into any interior without weighing it down.

Perhaps, among the advantages of metal stairs are the following:

• strength;
• long service life;
• the ability to combine curved and straight lines;
• variety of forms;
• low price.

As for the shortcomings, only one can be distinguished:

• time-consuming process of coating stairs with protective compounds.

And, to put it mildly, this drawback is quite significant, because a poor coating leads to further corrosion.

Welding is also very important point in the construction of such stairs, because it is able to secure the finished structure. Of course, the process is so rather rough and time-consuming, so it should be trusted exclusively to professionals so that they do not damage aesthetic appeal your stairs. Indeed, in the future it will be extremely difficult to smooth out such a flaw in the metal staircase.

Today, you can either order an individual design of a metal staircase, or purchase a prefabricated kit. Naturally, the duration and cost of such two different projects will differ, and also completely depend on the complexity and components that will be required to create such a staircase.

It is not easy to pinpoint a precise price range, one can only say with certainty that spiral metal stairs will cost you much less than mid-flight stairs made of the same material.

Styles: what do you like?

As for the tips for choosing the style of stairs, they will be more commonplace than ever: choose the one that the best way fits into the interior of your house or apartment. And to make it easier for you to decide, let's look at the main styles.

classic stairs

This type of staircase structures is the most popular and it is not surprising, because structures of this type differ from others in their conciseness and direct forms. The appearance of classic stairs is quite sophisticated and is characterized by the presence of delightful wood patterns and stucco.

Many craftsmen, at the request of the client, can decorate the finished product with various openwork paintings, which are even better suited to the interior, made according to classical principles. Also, such designs compare favorably with conservative solutions and elegance.

Vintage style

Typical for this design are:

• artificially aged surfaces;
• complex configurations.

Thanks to such staircase structures, you can fill the house with coziness and comfort. True, in this case, the whole style of the room must certainly correspond to such an image. For example, shabby frescoes and antique furniture can emphasize the deliberately elegant design of the stairs. Stone is considered an ideal material for such structures, metal or wood is also suitable.

Hi-tech style

Most suitable material for such structures, stone, ceramics, polished metal or glass are considered.

Distinctive features of high-tech style are:

• simple solution in design;
• original motives;
• unusual patterns.

So, for example, a multi-colored hi-tech style can look very concise.

Provence style

Provence or rural style is characterized by the abundant use of textiles in the interior. If you design a staircase in the same style, then it will not be shameful to use textiles on the steps (for example, carpet).

It is very important to choose the right colors so that they are combined with each other. The tone here is set precisely by the flights of stairs with the material from which they are built. Recommended to use natural wood(pine, alder, birch, oak).

Not alien to the style of Provence and a natural stone, from which stairs can also be made. In this case, rough stone steps will best complement the bright rugs on it.

American style

A staircase created in a classic American style must certainly match the interior of the premises, so you need to choose the right design.

They are mainly used in such structures. expensive breeds wood, and other natural materials. A characteristic difference from other types of stairs can be considered a large number of carvings, warm colors and curved handrails. Such designs may also contain various inserts with a variety of ornaments, coats of arms, as well as their combinations.

Making stairs in the presented style is quite expensive, but professionals say that such prices are fully justified.

Loft style in staircase design

This style is a combination of old and new. Alternatively, the term "new" can mean the use of metal and glass, and the old can be wood or stone. This style is ideal for apartments located in the urban jungle, as well as for rich country houses, in which they emphasize the refined and undeniable taste of the owners.

Different rooms - different stairs

Of course, when choosing the type and style of stairs for your home, no less attention should be paid to the type of room for which it is intended.

In the hall

Most often, the installation of stairs to the second floor is made in the hall. Sometimes this brings real horror to the owners, because the bulky design can completely clutter up the already small hallway. But you should not despair, because the stairs can not only not spoil, but also do much more interesting interior hall, adding light and height to it.

For example, light structures with wide openings are ideal for a private house. A wooden structure made in a classic style is capable of uniting all the elements of the room into a single whole.

In the living room

Increasingly popular in private houses or multi-level apartments are living rooms with stairs to the second floor. Moreover, it is quite simple to make such a design as harmonious and original as possible.

The space that turned out to be under the stairs can become a good closet or a stylized book shelf.

Quite often, the owners are afraid to put stairs in the living room so as not to burden the design, but such fears are absolutely groundless, because by following the key rules, you can make the stairs almost weightless and perfectly blend into the interior.

The staircase is, of course, a large one, but still an element of the interior, so in no case should it stand out from the overall composition. For example, if the living room with a staircase is not very large, then you should not decorate the structure with various forged elements that can really make the atmosphere heavier. To make such a staircase almost invisible, it is better to use a minimal design.

The design will be very interesting, in which the wall near the stairs is decorated with mosaics, thanks to which you can significantly expand the space.

What stairs to install in a private house?

A very important stage in the construction of multi-storey private houses is the installation of stairs.

The most popular types of stairs for a private house are:

• straight;
• rotary;
• rectangular;
• screw.

Either wooden, or reinforced concrete, or metal, or combined stairs can be used.

Provided that the stairs in a private house will be installed in a separate room, you need to think about lighting it. Naturally, the best option will become natural light, which can be obtained thanks to the designed window, as well as lighting at night.

Let there be light: all the rules of lighting

In order to properly build staircase lighting, you need to take into account a lot of nuances, each of which is the key to a high-quality implementation of the idea.

Provided that the room has a stained-glass window or a window that let in a lot of light, then only a few light bulbs will be enough to illuminate the entire flight of stairs. The meaning of the idea is quite simple: at night, artificial lights will provide lighting, and in the daytime, natural lighting will take care of this.

To lighting various types stairs should be approached differently. For example, for a single-flight staircase, automatic lamps at the end and beginning of the march are best suited. But screw structures will require a more detailed approach. Enough interesting solution stairs will be illuminated.

Of course, the longer the rise of the stairs, the brighter you need to choose the lamps, because you need to illuminate large area so that you can feel as comfortable as possible. Diffused light is ideal for long marches, while spotlights are perfect for short stairs.

The light on the stairs can be:

• reflected;
• straight;
• scattered;
• combined.

Light sources can be:

• decorative;
• local;
• common.

When choosing lighting sources, you should pay attention to the overall level of light in the room, as well as its directionality and brightness. If the staircase occupies several flights, then general lighting fixtures will be the perfect lighting option, which will evenly distribute the light so that it does not irritate the eyes.

But long chandeliers for stairs will be quite original version which will give the room the necessary sophistication. If you want to achieve maximum respectability, then choose multi-tiered chandeliers that will decorate the flights of stairs.

Cast-iron railings and stairs dominated by forged elements can be illuminated thanks to a forged chandelier created on a metal frame.

But the main lighting should not be the only one, so designers recommend using local lights that will do a great job of lighting the steps. Light sources in this case should be fixed on the walls just above the height of a person in order not to blind the eyes. If there is such a need, they can be decorated with diffusers or lampshades.

In addition, a variety of floor lamps or table lamps installed at the entrance to the stairs. Sconces are often used, which will help create additional comfort, emphasizing the beauty of the design.

For a high-tech interior, the best lighting option is spotlights that are located above the steps or are built into them. The only drawback is that you need quite a lot of lamps to adequately illuminate the stairs. As a possible alternative, LED lighting can be used.

Often there is a need for additional lighting of the railing or lifting. This may require the location of fixtures at the entrance and exit of the stairs. Provided that the length of the stairs is quite large, then you need to place the lighting along it. If there is such a need, then you can equip the railing with special luminescent cords.

Do it yourself: stairs to the second floor and its decoration

AT high-rise building the ladder is an essential element. If we take into account the technical point of view, then we can confidently say that almost every person who has a left and right hand(and not two left ones), can make a ladder, you just need to know the basic rules.

Of course, the sequence of work is a component of success, so it is imperative to adhere to it. Do not forget about technical advice to work.

More and more owners of cottages and multi-level apartments are refusing the services of professionals (quite often dubious) in favor of self erection structures. Moreover, modern manufacturers of materials for construction can offer the whole range of materials and tools for the construction of stairs. Yes, and the instructions are not difficult to find on the World Wide Web.

If you decide to do everything yourself, then the first thing to take care of is the development of a project, on which the quality of the future structure directly depends. Alas, all the inaccuracies and errors of the project will certainly have a negative impact on the design. Therefore, it is important to pay enough attention to design.

When designing, the following factors should be taken into account:

• fastening type;
• configuration;
• calculation of all necessary measurements;
• materials;
• instruments.

Starting the construction of the stairs, the first step is to build a reliable frame that can later withstand the structure. The materials that should be used for such a task can be varied, mainly concrete, wood or metal.

You can install additional elements only after the frame is equipped. With the help of self-tapping screws, wooden stairs can be mounted. The level of fastening must be maintained clearly, otherwise comfortable conditions for operation will not be provided.

At the final stage, it is worth making Finishing work. If you were building wooden stairs, then you need to treat the surface special formulations that will prevent rotting. But for metal structures, you need to use anti-corrosion agents.

As you can see, building a staircase with your own hands is not a difficult task, you just have to stock up on desire and patience to build beautiful staircase, which will only decorate the interior of the house.

Construction of a two-story private house, cottage or cottage - profitable solution to expand living space. To save usable space in such buildings, small-sized stairs are installed. Such designs differ in the number of steps and the forms of marches. At the same time, a compact staircase to the second floor must meet the requirements of practicality and safety.

Stylish and compact staircase configurations

Small stairs are installed to save money usable space. In their manufacture, they make sure that the steps are located as close to each other as possible, but it is convenient to move along them. It is necessary to carefully approach the choice of model in order to install the safest design in your home.

Even such a compact staircase can look very organic.

Of particular importance is the shape of the opening and its width. The choice of the type of construction of small dimensions depends precisely on these indicators. The dimensions of the steps and are the main data that should be considered. It is important to figure out which types of structures are best suited for small spaces.

Single-march

Single-march models are the simplest. However, when installing such stairs to the second floor, you can save space. The minimum required space for a 3-meter floor height is 80x180 cm.

For the sake of this, designers decide on various non-standard solutions. For example, these include models in which the treads are narrowed on each side.

Stair structures with one march can also be folding and retractable.

Swivel

Models with turns of marches are installed in a corner or against a wall. The platforms in them play the role of an element necessary for a turn. Turns are performed by 90° or 180°. Double-flight stairs do not take up much space, but climbing and descending them is quite convenient. Winder steps in such cases are simply irreplaceable. The minimum occupied space at a 3-meter floor height is 160x180 cm.

A good corner solution for a small area

Thanks to the installation of such a structure, the narrow passage to the second floor is more elegant. In comparison with direct marches, when moving, you have to change the direction of movement. There are other differences as well:

1. Compactness. They do not take up much space, while the parameters remain optimal.
2. Convenience - it is convenient to move along them even with a large object in your hands.
3. Aesthetics. Corner products look interesting and neat.
4. Security. According to this indicator, rotary products are safer than screw ones.

screw

Small-sized screw models are popular today. These structures are installed both in multi-level apartments and in country houses. The ease of use of such structures lies in the observance of the rules of ergonomics - the movement up and down is comfortable, and no dead zones are created under the steps. It is more profitable to place such a staircase to the second floor of the house in a small area. Minimum dimensions in plan with a floor height of 3 m - 130x130 cm.

Steps are attached to a vertical rack in a spiral. One of the main advantages of screw products is the elegance of forms. They are made of metal or wood - in any case, they are able to fit into a modern interior.

However, screw products have their drawbacks. For example, if a person carries a large object in his hands, it will be uncomfortable to go down. wooden models give the home a cozy atmosphere.

folding

If you have to go upstairs infrequently, it is better to install in country house folding type structure. It is perfect for the attic. Its advantage is the ability to fold if necessary. Small-sized retractable models are attached to the hatch on the ceiling. You can easily tilt the structure, and then push it back. For maintenance of the attic, a folding design is ideal.

It is allowed to install such a model in any area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. Its choice depends only on the location of large-sized furniture. In addition, the installation of a folding model does not affect the interior.

There are several varieties of such products:

• telescopic;
• retractable;
• folding;
• sectional.

The width is usually close to that of conventional side structures. As a rule, it is 60-65 cm. With a large slope, it will be possible to go down it only with your back forward.

When choosing a suitable type of construction of small dimensions, look at overall design premises. The main thing is that it is durable, ergonomic and safe. Such a small staircase for summer cottages they are mounted where the attic is rarely used. Efficiently install similar designs in houses with ceiling heights up to 3 m.

Small Solutions

If it is necessary to install a ladder that would not “hide” the space and be as convenient as possible, pay attention to small-sized structures. There are several types of such products that can meet the requirements of practicality and reliability.

Modular designs

When installing modular lifts on the second floor, you can experiment with the interior and choose various options assemblies. They can be made by hand, which is the main advantage. Modular designs are screw, spiral, L- and U-shaped. They may also be rounded. Modular system allows you to give the stairs any shape in plan, and adding the right amount elements allows you to dial an arbitrary height.

Install them in openings different widths and length. It is important to install the modular staircase correctly - the safety of the residents depends on it. At the same time, attention is paid to the residence of persons with handicapped- children and the elderly.

Choose a modular staircase with a small opening to the second floor in accordance with the following recommendations:

1. Before choosing, measure the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and find out the dimensions of the opening.
2. It is better if the structure is equipped with a railing that will ensure the safety of movement.
3. For ease of ascent and descent, stairs without risers are chosen - this ensures comfort when setting the foot.
4. The design of the structure is created taking into account general style premises.

With small platforms and compact turns, it is easy to save living space. First, pay attention to the safety of the product, and only then - to its appearance. Modular structures are installed in a house where you need to move quickly between floors. Often this design is chosen for installation in a bath.

Staircase "goose step"

Among the single-march structures, it is worth highlighting the goose step staircase. It does not take up space, but also does not restrict movement when ascending and descending. When resizing a run, it is important to maintain the optimal step width and slope range. If even when choosing the extreme values, it will not be possible to create an ascent to the second floor, it is not worth saving space for the staircase.

The design difference is the alternate narrowing of the tread on each side. This allows you to create comfort when moving, while leaving the length of the march relatively small.

This design can be the highlight of the whole interior.

The goose step ladder is designed for comfortable movement in confined spaces. For such models, the optimal slope is 50 ° - 60 °. Their width is reduced to 60-80 cm. At the same time, the ratio of the height of the riser and the width of the tread in such designs is rather unusual. If you transfer it to an ordinary single-flight staircase, moving along it would be unsafe.

Important Convenience and Safety Issues

When installing stairs to the second floor small house it is important to combine the design with the background style of the interior. There are also some requirements to take into account:

• compact dimensions;
• security;
• travel comfort.

The design should not be too steep - no more than 60 °. The slope is calculated based on the possibility of its use by children and the elderly. It is better to equip the structure with railings. The coating is chosen so as not to slip on it when moving. If the staircase is made of polished stone, you can lay a carpet on it.

Often, structures have to be made with a large slope - up to 75 ° degrees. At the same time, a rather large depth of steps is set. To increase the convenience and safety of the stairs, you can install handles that you can hold on to when going up and down.

Safety regulations:

• starting from the first meter, the stairs are equipped with a fence 90 cm high;
• gaps between railing posts should not exceed 10 cm;
• the width of the tread should be sufficient for comfortable setting of the foot - 25-30 cm;
• for the convenience of grabbing a hand, handrails are created with an optimal diameter - 32-60 mm;
• all steps must be the same height.

Optimal dimensions fences and handrails

When designing a staircase to the second floor, it is important to take care not only of its ergonomics, but also of its functionality. Therefore, such structures are created according to individual drawings. You can do the calculations yourself with the help of free ones.

Compact ladder options

Familiarizing yourself with the main types compact stairs, we recommend to see photos of such structures. This will help you choose suitable model for your country house. It is important that it is combined with the interior of the room.