Do-it-yourself L-shaped staircase - how to make a corner staircase. Drawings and diagrams of winder stairs Stairs with 90 turn steps

Many private houses, apartments, offices have an unusual layout, or limited space for stairs, which makes it difficult and narrows the choice of its type - standard straight stairs or turning stairs with platforms may simply not fit.

For comfort, a staircase with winder steps was invented, which is easy to adjust to any features of the layout and size of buildings. It saves usable space, looks very elegant, if you comply with all the construction requirements for the width of the steps, then such a staircase with rotary steps is also not traumatic.

Winder ladder features

A well-made staircase can serve as both a practical solution and a unique element of the interior. L-shaped staircase with winder steps is made of natural wood or high-strength aluminum material. In addition, it has a unique shape and compactness, which makes it indispensable in private homes and other facilities.

A properly designed ladder can withstand significant loads and has a long service life. Our service site offers you to carry out a high-quality calculation of stairs with winders, taking into account the specific characteristics of your house, apartment, or other object.

What are the features of the calculator?

From the site you will make a full-fledged calculation of stairs with winders at 90 degrees. In addition, automatically generated 3D model using the obtained calculations. The volumetric model reflects the convenience / inconvenience of the passage, allowing you to assess the possible risks. As a result, you get ready-made engineering drawings for hand-made production.

With us you save money. Winder Stair Calculator will accurately calculate the volume, number of steps, dimensions and materials of construction. You do not have to call the master and pay extra for his services, or contact a furniture company and order the manufacture of stairs.

Time saving. Why would you waste time on complicated calculations when you have our stair calculator? You will be required to enter dimensions and click the "Calculate" button. You no longer need to waste your energy on doing everything yourself, or use other programs and suffer trying to save your calculations - with us you can send or save all the necessary files in one click.

How to make calculations?

First of all, measure the height of the opening for the stairs on the stringers - between the floor of the 1st and 2nd floors. Everything is extremely simple. Enter the units of measurement - cm, m. Then select the color in which the drawing will be generated (color is convenient for viewing, black and white for printing).

Then you need to enter the coordinate points of the span: height, length, width of the stairs, number of steps, specify their parameters (thickness, ledge). Then click on the "Calculate" button.

As a result, you will receive the calculated data on the necessary materials, on the elements of the stairs: stringers, steps, risers, a drawing of a staircase with winder steps. By clicking on the "View in 3D" button, you can view a three-dimensional 3D model of the winding staircase design.

Thanks to the calculator, you will receive both the exact total values ​​​​of the stringers, and each separately. Namely, the width washed down both horizontally and vertically, the angle of inclination. In addition, you are provided with data on the optimal volume and parameters of materials: width, length, thickness, quantity and volume, so that the turning staircase with winder steps will best meet your and construction requirements.

What will you get? Detailed drawings, 3D model, calculation of the design of stairs with turning steps

You get a practical solution for making precise calculations for stairs with turning steps. In addition, with the help of our calculators, you can independently design and calculate other types of stairs, various types of roofs. In the near future, it will be possible to calculate other necessary structural elements of the house - the foundation, walls, and more. Subscribe to news in our groups in social networks to be aware of the release of a new functional calculator.

Using the site is very simple - you do not need any special knowledge, you just need to enter a couple of values, and you can get a professional design of stairs with winders, as well as the calculation of another type of stairs or roof for free!

The winder staircase drawing is in great demand in homes where comfortable, safe movement between floors is required, but there is no technical possibility of placing a direct structure. Such structures require special attention at the stage.

Scheme with the names of the elements of the winder stairs

Winder steps are widely used for the following types of stairs:

1. Screw. The most compact options for lifting structures. The recommended width of the overall opening is up to 3000 mm.
2. L-shaped. Devices with 90˚ rotation. They take up less space than straight marches or marching with platforms.
3. U-shaped. They have a rotation of 180˚, more compact than the previous version.
4. Curvilinear. They feature smooth turning lines. Winder steps (treads) are often used with the same parameters, which creates additional comfort when climbing.

The shape of the turning tread for such structures has the shape of a truncated triangle. Due to the compactness of the device is saved.

Scheme of the device for turning the winder ladder

Winder steps can be located at the bottom, at the top, in the middle of the flight of stairs. For safe movement, the first two options are recommended. They have good visibility of the turning area, which allows you to orient yourself in time and change the position of the foot or step length.

Winder staircases are more difficult to implement than straight structures or with transition platforms. Therefore, drawings with incorrectly executed structures are often found.

And this not only reduces the comfort of movement, but also increases the risk of injury from a fall.

Basic requirements for winder ladders

Comfort and safety are the basic principles that any building construction must meet. The staircase is no exception. A number of the technical requirements presented are also typical for direct mid-flight structures:

Scheme of a wooden staircase with winder steps

All of the above characteristics and data will ensure the comfort and safety of movement between floors.

Advantages of running structures

The main advantages of winder stairs include:

1. Compactness. Often, a direct structure does not allow the area or dimensions of the opening to the second floor to be placed. In order to overcome these difficulties with minimal losses, winder steps are mounted in turning marches.
2. Aesthetics. adds a special charm to the interior of the house.
3. Saving materials. With an increase in the angle of inclination (steepness), the consumption of materials decreases somewhat.

The disadvantages include a decrease in the level of comfort and safety of movement. Running treads differ in size, you will have to adapt. Yes, and disperse on such a march is more difficult than on ordinary stairs.

Classic winder look

Technical data for drawings

For the competent drawing up of a winding staircase scheme, it is required to take into account all the above standards, the dimensions of the premises and link them on the plan. To do this, proceed to the following steps:

1. Determine the location of the structure.
2. Appropriate measurements are taken: the width of the opening, the height from the finished floor of the first floor to the surface of the second floor.
3. Drawn to scale with detail. If there are openings, windows, ledges, niches in the place where the staircase will be mounted, they are marked on the drawing with reference to the walls and floor.
4. Choose the type of construction and building material for it.
5. Preliminary calculations are made for the number, height and depth of steps.

Scheme and drawing of winder stairs

These data will help to make the right choice of design, which will ensure compliance with building codes.

Preliminary calculation of data

Knowing the height between the levels and the formula for comfortable movement, you can calculate the length of the flight of stairs, the number of expected steps. For example, the specified height between floors is 2600 mm. We choose the height of the degrees from the recommended range of 120 mm. Let's make all the calculations to build a drawing:

The example shows that it is better to revise the parameters of the steps. This will save a lot of space. For example, with a riser height of 150 mm, the tread depth will be 300 mm, and the length of the stairs will be 5,400. Which will save 3 square meters. m. usable area of ​​the house.

Drawings and methods for calculating winder steps

Taking into account modern realities and obtaining a quick result, you can use several methods for drawing up a design diagram.

Project programs

The best option for design. There are softwares that, based on the drawing, issue a specification for sawn materials. This option is not provided. But after completing a detailed drawing, it will not be difficult to calculate the amount of material. The disadvantage of this method is the time spent on searching and mastering the software product.

Ready solutions

Drawings posted on the Internet allow you to choose the right option. But you should check them for compliance with technical requirements in order to protect yourself from someone's design illiteracy.

Winder ladder drawing

To do this, you can use online calculators or master one of the methods for calculating winder steps.

The main difficulty when working with such drawings is to fit a ready-made solution into the right space. You may encounter the fact that a window or ledge on the wall will be at the place where the stairs are mounted.

You will either have to adapt the design for, or look for another suitable option.

Online calculators

They will help to make calculations and issue recommendations for correcting the structure if it does not comply with building codes. Based on the received data, a detailed drawing is automatically generated. This is the easiest and most affordable way to develop drawings for individual sizes. But in the future, you should make a binding to .

The interface of the online calculator for calculating winders

Otherwise, the resulting design may close the window or doorway.

Proportion method

The main difficulty in the independent design of stairs with winders is the calculation of the number and development of the forms of rotary elements. Calculation using proportions. This method is suitable for stairs with a turn of 90˚, 180˚. First you need to draw a top view of the future structure, fitting it into the estimated area. Then perform a series of operations:

This is the easiest and most affordable way to build a drawing. There are three more methods: Danish, sweep and lift lines. The listed technologies are complex and require deeper knowledge of mathematical analysis. These methods require taking into account the horizontal and vertical curvature of the structure.

An example of a metal frame for a winder ladder

It should be noted that the drawing by any of the above methods is performed with a certain degree of error. Therefore, even professionals adjust parts at the assembly site. The winder staircase is a more complex structure, so if you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the calculation, design, installation to specialized enterprises.

It often happens that the insufficient area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises in a private house simply does not allow the construction of an ordinary single-flight staircase to the second floor. We have to look for another solution - to divide the rise into two marches or fit a screw structure into the available space.

Or you can combine these approaches - the staircase will have two flights, but between them there is not a platform, but a section of the ascent of the spiral type, for the transition between straight segments. On this site, the so-called winder steps are mounted, which allow you to change the direction of the stairs. The design, of course, becomes more complicated, but the required compactness of the interfloor transition is achieved.

Can a winder staircase be built with your own hands? Yes, definitely. But in order to understand this issue, it is first necessary to consider what structures with winder steps are, learn how to calculate them.

Winder stairs

First of all, it must be said that steps are called winders, having the shape of a regular or irregular triangle and located almost always on the same support. Such steps can completely form the structure of the stairs or replace the platform between two flights in it.

Stairs with winder steps include several types of structures:

If you are going to make a wooden or metal staircase with your own hands, you need to pay a lot of attention to the calculations. Despite the apparent simplicity, the staircase is a very complex engineering structure, each node of which must be thought out, and all together they must create a single ensemble.

The design of a metal / wooden staircase should take into account its functional and decorative component. It will be more difficult to do this, the less experience you have of this kind of work. Since we do not do calculations every day, we need to describe in detail how to calculate the stairs to the second floor of a private house. The general principles for the construction of wooden and metal stairs do not differ. As the saying goes, "the devil is in the details." It is them that we will consider in detail.

It should be noted that the arrangement of stairs in multi-apartment or office buildings is regulated by many documents. The main ones are GOST 23120-78 Mid-flight stairs, platforms and steel railings and SNiP IV-14-84 Collection 1-14 Stairs.

However, in private houses, the height of which is often limited to two floors, the owner is free to choose the configuration. Although, of course, the basic rules for building stairs must be followed.

Rule 1 - Choosing the location of the stairs in the house

To make a straight staircase in accordance with the standards in a private house is hindered by the limited space. Therefore, many owners prefer complex structures: a mid-flight staircase with a turn or a spiral one. Professionals put forward several recommendations on where and how to place the stairs in the house so that it takes up little space.

• it is better to place the stairs in the part of the house that is least used. The staircase in the living room creates certain inconveniences;

• provide free access to the stairs;

• landings are preferable to winder steps. Especially if independent construction is supposed;

• consider simpler options first, and only then more complex ones;

• keep in mind that you will need to not only walk up the stairs, but also bring in / take out furniture and appliances. It should be easy to use for all family members;

• if the space (place) under the stairs in the house is planned to be used, it is better to choose a closed structure. And, conversely, an open staircase makes the space more spacious, so it is advisable to use it in rooms;

• keep in mind that the installation of a metal staircase in a wooden house can be done after the house shrinks. That is, in 1-1.5 years. Otherwise, shrinkage of the house will lead to a violation of the integrity of the structure.

• make sure that in the ceiling (ceiling) you can make an opening for the stairs under the exit to the attic, attic. For example, in a monolithic slab, the arrangement of a staircase creates significant difficulties.

How to reduce the size of the opening for the stairs to the second floor?

Useful tips from experienced craftsmen:

• 20% is possible if a staircase with 180 degree winders is installed;

• 30% will help the installation of stairs with two marches and a platform. Space savings are achieved due to the fact that the movement changes by 180 °;

• by 60% by installing a ladder with steps "duck step";

• 80% achieved by installing a spiral staircase. In this case, the movement changes by 360°.

Rule 2 - The shape and types of stairs

In a private house, it is possible not to follow the standards and GOSTs so strictly. However, the basic principles for arranging stairs must be observed, since neglecting them may lead to a decrease in the safety of this engineering structure.

Before proceeding with the calculations, you need to know that there are two important factors that will affect the result.

First, it is a design feature.

In terms of design, all stairs can be divided into three types:

• marching. Consist of separate marches. They, in turn, are divided into single-march, two or more - multi-march. In addition, a marching staircase can be straight, with a landing or with turns (winder steps).

In private houses, a wooden and metal staircase with winders (with a turn of 90, 180, 360 degrees) is popular.

• screw (spiral). In stairs of this type, the steps are twisted around the axis. They are convenient when there is no free space for a march structure in the room. But the construction of a spiral staircase is much more laborious and requires more careful calculation.

• folding. They belong to portable structures, so we will skip them, since we will do the calculation for a stationary staircase.

Secondly, it is the shape of the frame.

The frame of the metal and wooden stairs can be made in three versions:

• stairs on stringers. The basis of the frame is one or two solid beams, on which steps are laid on top.

• ladder on string. The frame consists of two support beams that support the steps on the side.

• ladder on rails(from German "pin"). The steps are fixed directly to the wall.

Rule 3 - Calculation of the parameters of the stairs

Many users do not know what to consider in order to calculate the stairs correctly. Professionals say that taking into account the three main parameters will make the design safe, beautiful and easy to use.

Stair parameters are shown in the figure

Ladder height

Height - the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor (not the ceiling) of the second. Often the upper end of the staircase rests on the ceiling of the first floor. For ease of movement, a clearance is made above such a staircase.

The distance from the step to the ceiling can be calculated as follows: the height of the tallest member of the family is taken and 100 mm is added. The recommended clearance value (working height of the stairs) is 2 m. This value must be constant throughout the entire march.

Note. It is possible to place a ladder in living rooms only if the rooms on the first and second floors are heated. Otherwise, it should be placed in a non-residential area.

Ladder length (march length)

For a traditional marching structure, the length of the stairs is equal to the length of the march or the sum of the lengths of the flights plus the landing between them.

When calculating the length of a spiral staircase or stairs with winders, the average flight length is calculated. In this case, the measurement is performed at a distance of 50 cm from the railing (edge ​​of the span).

The width of the stairs in a private house

Width - the distance of the stairs from the wall or between two handrails. The recommended settings are shown in the diagram.

Ladder width:

• 1.5 m - increased level of comfort;

• 1-1.2 m - comfort zone;

• 0.8-1 m - allowed only for a flight of stairs located along the wall;

• less than 0.8 m. is only appropriate for auxiliary stairs.

The width of the flight stairs with winder steps:

Width of spiral staircase:

• 1.4 m - comfort zone;

• 1.1 m is the minimum allowable width.

This is due to the fact that the winder steps narrow towards the central element of the stairs.

Ladder angle (steepness)

The angle of inclination determines the ease of use of the stairs. A too steep staircase saves usable space, while a gentle one makes movement along it more comfortable.

The view of the stairs, depending on the steepness, is shown in Fig. Here you can clearly see at what angle the stairs should be in the living room.

The most comfortable option for movement is in the green zone of the picture.

The material was prepared for the site www.site

Note. At an angle of inclination over 45 °, you can only go down the stairs with your back forward.

As practice shows, most often combined options are used in the house. To understand at what angle to put the handrail on the stairs, you need to draw a parallel between the base of the stairs (kosour, bowstring) and lay a handrail along it. Mathematically, this is a simple calculation of the angle using the Pythagorean theorem.

Number of stairs

The number of steps is not regulated and depends on the height of the stairs and the height of the tread (riser). In two-flight stairs, it is recommended to make the same number of steps in both flights, but in practice the steps are distributed unequally between the flights.

Note. For multi-apartment residential buildings, the number of steps is regulated and is 9-11 steps.

Tread height (distance between stairs)

The most convenient for movement by users is the distance between adjacent steps of 150 mm.

Note. For those who make the stairs with their own hands, it is easy to remove the extra height by adjusting the height of the tread between the last and penultimate steps or between the first and second.

Stair step (step width)

On the step of the stairs you need to lean with a full foot. Therefore, the optimal width of a stair step should be at least 230 mm. (35 size). The minimum allowable width is 100 mm. But frequent walking on such steps is fraught with injuries.

Note. If you increase the width of the step over 650 mm (the average step length of an adult), then when walking on such a ladder, you can go astray and stumble.

You can increase the width of the step by removing the step. In this case, the step should not hang over the previous one by more than 50 mm.

Note. When calculating the width of the stairs, do not forget that the distance between the balusters should be in the range of 100-150 mm. Otherwise, such a fence will be unsafe. In turn, balusters are installed in such a way that the aesthetics of the fence are maintained - one per step, two per step, or otherwise.

Stair rung length

The length of the step is determined by the design of the stairs. If two bowstrings are used as the main structural element, the length of the step corresponds to the distance between them. If kosour (one or two), then the length of the step is determined by the customer.

Rule 4 - Accurate calculation of the dimensions of the stairs

Since all parameters are interconnected, in order to calculate them, it is enough to have basic knowledge of geometry. We will show how to calculate the stairs using an example.

Example 1. Calculation of the length of the stairs and the width of the opening

In this case, the calculation is simple and suitable for those who have a lot of free space in the room.

How to calculate the length of the stairs in the house

It is defined as follows. To the height of the room of 3000 mm, the width of the ceiling of 200 mm is added. The resulting value is 3200 mm. divide by 160 mm (recommended riser height) we get the number 20. I.e. the staircase will contain 20 steps.

Based on the fact that the recommended step width is 300 mm, the length of the stairs should be 6000 mm (20 steps of 300 mm each). Or, if the step is taken out by 50 mm, then the length of the stairs will be 5000 mm (20 steps by 250 mm (300 mm - 50 mm)).

How to calculate the width of the stair opening

It is defined as follows: 1900 (recommended clearance value) is subtracted from 3000 mm (room height). We get 1100 mm. We divide this value by 160 mm (step height) and get the number of steps over which the ceiling can be located. The result of the calculation is 6.875, i.e. 7 steps.

The remaining 13 of the 20 steps should be located in a zone free from overlap. Otherwise, walking under them will be uncomfortable. The width of the step is 300 mm, then the width of the opening will be 13x300 mm = 3900 mm.

Checking 1100 (floor width) + 3900 (opening width) = 6000 (stairs length)

However, not everyone has the opportunity to leave 6 or 5 meters under the stairs. In this case, it is worth playing with the width of the step or the height of the tread. And you can make a staircase with a turn or with steps "duck step". Such designs are more complex, which means that the calculation will also be more complicated.

An example of a drawing of a metal staircase on one stringer

Example 2. Calculation of the angle of inclination of the stairs and the parameters of the steps

These calculations are more complex and can be done in several ways. Among them, the following are known:

• computer method;
• Danish method;
• line lifting method;
• sweep method;

These methods are united by the need to have basic knowledge in the field of design. The diagram of the staircase in graphical interpretation, obtained using the methods described above, is shown in the figure.

• proportion method.

It is suitable for a beginner in the field of design and makes it easy to calculate both a marching straight line and stairs with winder steps or a spiral one. After all, there is a feature here, namely, the steps narrow towards the center.

The calculation of a metal or wooden staircase with 90 and 180 degree winder steps is based on the uniform distribution of space in the turning section. The calculation is performed in this way:

1. a sketch of the stairs is made in a horizontal projection;
2. a line showing the average length of the march is indicated. For convenience, we will place it in the middle;
3. a line showing the middle of the turn of the stairs is indicated. The place where the longest step will be located.
4. we put on the middle line the value of the width of the steps. Thus, their number can be calculated. The calculation is carried out from the turning line.
5. we determine the points where the last identical steps will end. There should be two such points - at the beginning and at the end of the stairs. In rare cases, stairs begin or end with winders;
6. in the place where the step will have a minimum width (near one of the stringers, bowstring or screw pipe, set aside 50 mm from the turning line. In total, 50 + 50 will give us 100 mm. Which is the minimum allowable step width;
7. we connect the marked points with the previously marked points that show the width of the step and extend them to the opposite side (the second stringer, bowstring or spiral staircase railing).
8. set aside the rest of the steps. Approximate proportion is 1:2:3. One mm at the narrow end of the stairs, equals 2 mm at the midline and 3 mm at the wide end of the turn.

The data from the sketch is transferred to the stair blanks in accordance with the scale.

The scheme of the staircase with winder steps and a turn of 90 degrees is clearly shown in the figures.

A staircase with winder steps with a turn of 180 degrees is calculated in a similar way.

A diagram of a staircase with winder steps with a turn of 180 degrees is shown below.

This calculation method cannot be called ultra-precise, but you can get calculations sufficient for building stairs with your own hands. If you do not trust him, you can contact a specialist or use a computer program.

Calculation of the stairs on the rails

The process is similar to the calculation of a winder staircase. The only difference is the method of fastening. The option of fastening on a wall bowstring or without it is possible.

Calculation of a spiral staircase

The calculation of a spiral staircase is carried out similarly to the calculation of winder steps. But in this case, you need to accurately determine the configuration. In terms of design, they can be of four types.

Note. The spiral staircase is considered the most dangerous in terms of movement.

Drawings of spiral staircases

Duck step ladder calculation

This configuration is good because it takes up a minimum of space, however, such stairs are very troublesome to manufacture and operate. A duck step ladder is installed if the slope angle exceeds 45 degrees, and there is no desire to use a ladder. The peculiarity of this design is that only one leg rests on one step. However, despite this, the design of the frame of such a staircase is no different from the frame of the mid-flight. The difference is only in the shape of the steps.

Goose step staircase scheme

Note. According to the standard, the number of steps in a duck step ladder must be odd. Moreover, the first step is preferably done on the right. This is due to the fact that most users have the leading foot on the right. The maximum tread is also set on the right.

Computer programs for calculating stairs

The software method allows you to create a 3D project, visualize the project and get a drawing of the stairs with the exact indication of all parameters. The most popular programs are:

• "Compass" (as practice shows, most craftsmen are familiar with this program);

• SolidWorks - allows you to create the design of various engineering structures, not only stairs;

• Consultec Staircon - makes it possible not only to create a staircase project, but to calculate an estimate for its construction. A full 3D model allows you to get a complete picture of the future design.

Rule 5 - Detailed drawing or sketch

The calculation by the computer method or the method of proportions already implies the presence of a drawing of the future staircase. However, even those who make a simple marching staircase should create a sketch with dimensions printed on it.

Note. On the sketch, you need to apply not only the parameters of the stairs, but also indicate the main parameters of the room. For example, the presence and dimensions of the window, the protruding part of the window sill, columns or other objects that may change the configuration or parameters of the stairs in the course of work.

Having prepared in this way, you can start building the stairs with your own hands.