Staircase on iron stringers. Do-it-yourself stair stringer made of wood, metal or concrete
The popularity of prefabricated metal staircase structures due to their ease of installation and variety model range. They do not obscure or clutter up the room. Interfloor staircase on a metal kosour looks elegant in any interior. And in the case of its construction on the street, it is distinguished by undoubted reliability.
modern stairs on a stringer made of steel are durable, pleasing to the eye, save space in the room and serve long years
However, when choosing and assembling such structures, it is necessary to take into account a number of their features, otherwise they will not be used for their intended purpose for long. The videos and photos below will surely help you to correctly choose a ladder on a stringer support for your home.
Options for stairs on load-bearing metal beams
The kosour is a load-bearing element of the stair structure, an inclined beam under the steps. It can be made of wood or metal. The first option is beautiful, but the second implies obviously greater strength and reliability. Compared to a wooden beam, a metal beam looks less bulky, and it can withstand higher loads.
Unlike the design variant on the bowstring, the ends of the steps on the stringer remain open Prefabricated stairs are equipped on one metal stringer or several. It all depends on the size of the flight of stairs and overall design interior. The beam can be broken or straight. In the second case, special stands have to be mounted on it for steps.
Steps on a broken stringer are attached directly to the ledges If the width of the flight of stairs exceeds one and a half meters, then two or more stringers will have to be installed for it. The monobeam in this case is unlikely to withstand the total weight of the structure. And the reliability of fastening a wide step at one point will turn out to be low.
Everything is made on the kosour existing types stairs (straight, angular, spiral, rounded, rotary, etc.), there are no design restrictions here There are two manufacturing methods for metal stringer stairs:
- Welding of a steel frame from a channel, pipes, corners and profiles.
- Assembly finished product factory performance.
No skills to work with welding machine it is not recommended to take on the manufacture of a carrier beam in the first way At a minimum, the final result will be far from ideal in terms of beauty with a photo designer interiors. And if you need not only an aesthetic, but also a reliable staircase, then it is better to immediately opt for one of the prefabricated models in our store or order a project for individual sizes.
Ready-made prefabricated stairs on the stringer - this is an opportunity to save on installation due to do-it-yourself installation Variants of ready-made "constructors" for self assembly we have a lot of. You will quickly find the design that best suits your design. And then it remains only to view photos and videos with assembly instructions and take up the tool.
Mounting a prefabricated ladder on one or more steel stringers requires only basic wrench skills. The choice of material for steps and railings
The basis of the considered stringer staircase is made of metal. But we must also choose the material for the manufacture of other elements of this ladder structure.
The steps on the stringer can be made from:
- glass;
The use of durable glass in combination with stainless steel railings and beams brings an atmosphere of weightlessness to the interior. - metal;
Steel stairs are made from sheet material with perforation or in the form of a lattice - concrete;
Monolithic concrete underfoot - this is massiveness and inviolability, but only with a professional calculation of the loads on the base - solid wood;
Solid wood is the most popular and aesthetic material for stairs.
MDF is a budget substitute for wood with good durability, subject to the presence of a layer of lamination To form the railing of the stairs on the stringer, you can use the same materials as for the steps. Only concrete here will be inappropriate and too heavy. Often, designers recommend using more than one material, but combining several. But much of this depends on general style rooms with stairs. The main thing is that the design being created is safe.
Advantages of using stringer supports
Prefabricated stairs on stringers are distinguished by the reliability of the resulting structure and its durability. Metal after proper processing in appearance turns out to be quite aesthetic and neat. Steel stringers can fit into any design. This can be seen both in the photo of the completed interiors and in the video with the finished stairs.
support steel beam the stairs look neat and elegant, there is no bulkiness from the presence of metal in the room Metal stringers have a high:
- Fire resistance.
- Bearing capacity.
Unlike a wooden stringer, a metal support beam, by definition, will not burn or rot. - Strength characteristics.
In terms of structural strength, kosour structures will give odds to many other types of stairs. - Wear resistance.
- Resistance to decay and various external influences.
A ladder on a metal stringer may look ephemeral and unreliable, but it is characterized by increased durability and strength. Features of prefabricated structures on stringers
The load-bearing stringers of the stairs are installed with support directly on the wall or on vertical frontal beams specially laid for them. In the first case, at the end of the channel there must be a plate that acts as a distribution pad.
If there is no support pad, then the ladder beam will simply push through the wall surface with the weight of the ladder structure. This feature of the stairs on the stringers must be taken into account when developing the project. Otherwise, the reliability of the structure will be under big question. The entire load from the structure and people moving along it in this case acts on the connection point support beam and walls.
The slope for the flight of stairs on the stringers is selected according to the usual scheme The filly (stand) under the steps on the stringer is fastened with bolts or by welding. A bolted connection will inevitably loosen over time. It is easier to assemble such a structure than to weld metal for it. However, later in the process of operation, the ladder fasteners will have to be checked and tightened regularly.
Steps to the stringers are attached using additional typesetting elements metal base allows you to make stairs of any shape. Even ready-made prefabricated structures are distinguished by a variety of model ranges. And according to a project to order, you can generally realize the most exotic idea, the metal is able to withstand a lot.
If a metal plate is fixed under the wooden step on the stringer, then the latter should not peek out from under the lumber A properly assembled metal stringer is the main guarantee of the strength and durability of the stairs on it.
The main feature of such structures is the need to select a reliable reference point on the wall under the beam, where the entire structure will press. Choose in our online store a prefabricated staircase model with the most favorable price in Moscow. Even a novice master can assemble it, there is nothing difficult in its installation.
The main components of the stairs are load-bearing elements, steps and railings. Kosour - this is the bearing element, which is inclined beam, on which steps and railings are mounted on top. Stairs on kosoura are the most popular due to the reliability and simplicity of design.
Types of kosour stairs
Depending on the design features and forms are distinguished:
- straight;
- broken lines;
- screw or involute.
Straight broken involute
The main materials for the manufacture are wood, metal and concrete.
Stringers can be located on the sides of the stairs (side) or in the center (central). If the width of the stairs is more than 1.2 meters, then a combined fastening on three stringers is provided.
Parameters and dimensions of the stairs on the stringers
The reliability, safety, ease of use and aesthetic appearance depend on how correctly the staircase is designed. To make a quality product, you need to know the main parameters and dimensions of the stairs on the stringers:
- H is the total height of the stairs;
- L 1 - the length of the horizontal projection;
- H 1 - the height of the space above the head;
- l - tread depth;
- h - riser height;
- n is the number of steps;
- L - opening length;
These values are enough to make a design of a staircase on the stringers of any device and calculate all the dimensions of the structural elements.
For reasons of safety and ergonomics requirements, these parameters are subject to some restrictions prescribed in GOST and SNiP, which must be taken into account during the design:
- height H 1 must be at least 2 m;
- the depth of the tread cannot be less than 25 cm and more than 40 cm (optimally - 30 cm);
- the height of the riser must be in the range from 12 to 22 cm;
Exist general rule: the movement on the stairs will be convenient if the sum of the double height of the riser and the depth of the tread lies within 60 - 65 cm. That is 2h × l = 60..65 cm
- if the width of the stairs is less than one and a half meters, there must be a railing along its edges, 90 cm high;
- if the width of the stairs is more than 1.5 meters, in addition to the side ones, a central stringer is installed.
Calculation of stairs on stringers - video instruction
The calculation of the metal stairs on the stringers is made in the following way.
There are always constant parameters and those that can be varied. Assume that the distance between the floor of the first and second floors is 3m. That is, the parameter H is constant. At the same time, the dimensions of the hall do not impose any special restrictions on the choice of a place for the beginning of the stairs. In this case, the number of steps must be calculated based on the parameter H.
We take the height of the riser (h) equal to 18 cm. Then dividing H by h we get that 16 steps are needed. And since the last step is already the floor of the second floor, then 15 full-fledged steps should be located on our stairs. If we take the depth of the tread as 28 cm and multiply it by the number of steps (n), we get the length of the projection of the stairs to the floor (L 1) - 4.2 m.
Suppose that the length of the opening (L) is 3.2 m. Then the segment of the stairs, equal to a meter(L 1 -L \u003d 1m), located under the ceiling. On this site there are 3 first steps and the beginning of the fourth. When climbing each step, the distance to the overlap decreases by 18 cm. So lifting by 4 steps gives a height loss of 72 cm. If we take the thickness of the ceiling equal to 20 cm, then the value of H 1 for the fourth step will be 300 - 20 - 72 \u003d 208 cm , which meets the requirements of H 1 ≥ 2m. If the length of the stairway (L) were shorter, the tread depth would have to be reduced.
The length of the channel required to make the stringer for the stairs can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem, since the stringer and the lines L and H form a right triangle. In our case, this is 5.2 m.
Do-it-yourself ladder on metal stringers - a simple design
To make a ladder metal stringers with your own hands, a U-shaped profile (channel) can be used as a supporting element. To fix the steps, fillies are welded onto it, made by welding two pieces of a corner at a right angle.
It is necessary to put marks on the channel corresponding to the places where the fillies will be attached, the dimensions of which are already known and equal to 18 (h) and 28 (l) cm. For ease of marking, you can use a triangle, on the legs of which these values are already marked. We combine these marks with the edge of the channel and mark the places of welding. So we mark all 15 steps.
In several places, the stringers are connected to each other by a corner, the length of which is equal to the width of the stairs. Thus, we provide additional structural rigidity.
Brackets are welded to the horizontal part of the filly, on which the step will be attached. You can create additional stiffeners by welding the corner to the outer rectangular ledges of the fillies located on both channels. This design will be stronger. If necessary, handrails are made and welded.
Methods for attaching steps to a metal stringer
If provided wooden steps, then they will be installed on the formed platform and fixed with self-tapping screws or bolts. metal steps you can just weld it to the mares.
Some alternative ways fixing steps to a metal stringer
If necessary, the ends of the product are lined with decorative panels.
Prefabricated ladder on the central metal stringer
Do-it-yourself ladder on wooden stringers - manufacturing steps
A ladder on wooden stringers is calculated in the same way as on metal ones. But here, for fastening the steps, it is possible to use the option with fillies, and without them.
In the latter case, on wooden beam, from which it is supposed to make a kosour with your own hands, are cut out right triangles, the hypotenuse of which coincides with the edge of the beam, one of the legs is equal to the depth of the tread, and the other is equal to the height of the riser.
To mark the beam, it is advisable to use a triangle on which marks are applied corresponding to these values. It is applied to the beam so that the corner lies on it, and the marks coincide with the edge of the beam. After that, you just need to outline the corner, and so outline all the steps. Then, using a circular saw, cut the stringer and cut the corners at the ends of the beam.
If fillies are used, then they are attached to the beam with screws, dowels or dowels, depending on the material of manufacture, and are additionally glued.
Particular attention should be paid to the choice of wood species. It is recommended that all elements of the stairs be made from the same wood. Easiest to handle conifers, but they are less durable than oak or beech, which are more difficult to process.
The minimum thickness of the board from which the steps will be made depends on their width. It is believed that the optimal ratio is 1:20. That is, with a staircase width of 800 mm, the thickness of the tread must be at least 40 mm.
The front edge of the step can protrude 2 to 3 cm beyond the riser line. The end of the step is better to make rounded.
Concrete stairs on stringers: monolithic and prefabricated
Concrete stairs on stringers are considered the most reliable and durable. They are divided into typical and made according to individual project. They can be prefabricated, where the role of the supporting element is performed by one or two concrete or metal beams, on which the steps are attached, or monolithic, in which the stringer is inseparable from the steps.
Calculation monolithic construction is no different from designing its metal or wooden counterpart.
AT modern conditions In the development of interior design in apartments and houses, you can often find stairs based on the design of which stringers are used. Stringers are special parts of the stair structure, bearing racks on which the steps of the stairs are attached. Such load-bearing elements are used to secure the ladder securely. Thus, when installing stringers with a comb along the top, only the ends of the steps remain visible on the side of the stairs.
The main function of the stringers is to ensure a good and strong fastening of the steps to the supporting beams. Close in type of construction with stringers is the construction of a staircase on a bowstring, however, in this case, the flight of stairs is attached directly to the grooves that are located inside the entire staircase structure.
When using stringers, steps are usually located on top of the supporting structure. In addition, in such a case, it becomes necessary to make special cutouts that will serve to lay the steps.
Kosour production technology
Among the most common it is worth noting:
Photo of stairs on one central stringer
The most popular today are stairs on one stringer. Typically, to create similar design at home, stringers of various shapes can be used: screw, straight, broken, and others. The most commonly used materials for this purpose are metal, wood and concrete. However, the choice of stringer material will depend on the type and material of your staircase.
Calculation of the parameters of the stringer stairs
The main rule for creating a high-quality, stylish and reliable staircase on one stringer is the correct and accurate calculations. To make competent calculations, you need to know such basic parameters of the stairs as:
- construction height;
- tread depth;
- height above the stairs to the ceiling;
- height under the steps;
- horizontal length of the stairs;
- the length of the staircase;
- number of steps.
As a rule, the calculation of such parameters is quite enough to create a high-quality, durable and robust design on one kosour.
In addition, if you want to make a stylish, modern staircase on one stringer, you must take into account some rules for calculating and creating a structure of this type:
- the height of the stairs itself cannot be more than 2 m;
- the height under the steps should not be more than 22 cm;
- the depth of the tread should be in the range from 15 to 40 cm;
- with a width of steps less than 1.5 m, the staircase must be equipped with a railing;
- with a total staircase width of more than 1.5 m, an additional central stringer must be installed on the sides of the structure.
Do-it-yourself metal stairs
A popular type of modern stairway with stringers is metal structure. Such a staircase will be not only attractive appearance and high strength, but can also have various forms and style variations.
To create a high-quality metal staircase with your own hands, you will need metal stringers, as well as a U-shaped profile that will be used as a supporting element. On a similar profile, special fillies are welded, which serve to fasten the steps. These structural elements are produced by welding two segments of the corner.
Do not forget that all fasteners are made according to pre-applied markings. Thus, fillies are attached to the profile in strictly marked places. To mark the attachment points, a practical triangle with pre-printed values \u200b\u200bis used. After marking 10-15 steps, it is necessary to weld in places where marks are applied.
As a rule, stringers are attached to each other with the help of corners along the width of the stairs, which allows for high stability and additional strength of the stairs. Brackets are attached to the filly, which will serve to fasten the steps.
Fastening steps to metal stringers
There are several ways to attach steps to metal stringers. The simplest is welding the steps to the filly, however, it is best to worry about additional fastening of the structure.
To attach metal stringers to steps, you will need:
- stringers made of metal;
- screws;
- steps;
- mounting platform.
Thus, stringers can be simply attached to the steps with durable and practical screws, without spending a lot of time and effort. If desired, the ends of the structure can be decorated with stylish decorative panels.
Fastening wood to metal
As a rule, the creation of a staircase on wooden stringers is no different from a metal structure, however, the options for attaching elements may vary. So fillies can be used to fasten stringers made of wood.
In this case, it is necessary to cut right-angled triangles on the supporting wooden beam. To mark the beam, you can use a special triangle.
When using filly kosour for fastening, they are first fastened with ordinary screws, and then additionally glued. In this case, dowels or dowels can also be used.
Fastening stringers to the ceiling
Creating a staircase with stringers involves attaching them to the ceiling. As a rule, stringers without cuts are mounted on the platform beams and provide high strength and reliability of the structure. This design is considered a fairly profitable option for a house and an apartment, but it has some drawbacks. First of all, to create a structure of this type, a high beam platform is required, otherwise the beam and cuts may simply not fit.
To attach the stringers to the ceiling of the stairs, it is necessary to prepare tools such as:
To fix the steps from the boards, it is necessary to do special holes under fasteners. Each individual step will be attached to the stringer or to an additional beam using 4 bolts or self-tapping screws.
Other additional beams will be attached to half boards. In order to provide a more secure fastening, you can make a fastening cross beam to the kosour with the help of dowels.
Elements of a metal staircase
A metal staircase is considered not only the most reliable, but also the most ancient structure, which provides high strength and a long service life. Regardless of the type of staircase and its features, it will consist of special sections-marches that contain the base and steps.
Metal stairs can be all-metal with welded elements, as well as structures with metal base. To the main elements of stairs from similar material should be attributed: stringers, bowstring, base, belts and others.
Knots
The knots of the metal stairs are special items, serving for fastening the stringers of the structure. As a rule, the features of fastening the nodes will depend entirely on the height of the platform beam, the passage under the stairs, as well as the features of the stringer support.
When creating a reliable fastening of the nodes of a metal staircase, it is best to give preference to stringers that do not have cuts in the places of the support of the flight of stairs. A kosour of this type will have a smaller number of weak sections, therefore, the likelihood of wood chipping will be much less.
But it should be borne in mind that when using stringers of this type, it is necessary to ensure a large height of the platform beam.
A series of elements of stringer structures
Depending on the design features, metal stairs can be divided into welding and forged. Stairs with metal stringers are very popular. Stringers act as load-bearing elements that are used to fasten the stairs.
It is usually quite difficult to create such a staircase with your own hands, so most often the design is bought in its entirety or in individual parts. You can make metal staircase parts with your own hands or purchase ready-made factory modules. The assembly of such modules is a fairly simple and fast process.
However, when buying, it is important to pay attention Special attention for a series of elements. If you have a staircase base, but you need to buy structural elements separately, purchased items must match the base series. In order for all purchased parts to fit the base of your stairs, you can tell the design series in the hardware store and consultants will help you find the right parts.
What are stringers: Photos of stairs on one central stringer, do-it-yourself metal stairs: online calculation, how to attach steps to metal stringers, fastening wood to metal, stringers to the ceiling, elements of a metal staircase: knots, series
Assembling a wooden kosour is not so difficult as it might seem at first glance. To make a kosour with your own hands, you need to choose the right thickness of the supporting beams.
Advice! To make the design more reliable and durable, it is necessary to choose solid deciduous varieties trees such as oak, maple or beech. Before working with wooden blanks, they need to be sanded.
The higher the ladder structure is planned, the stronger and thicker it should be. bearing beam. Kosours can be of two types:
- stepped
- with mares.
Filly are triangular elements that are fastened with dowels to the beam. It is on the fillies that treads are installed. It is quite difficult to assemble such a structure. But this assembly is considered the most reliable. The easiest to assemble will be a stepped stringer. To fasten the steps, it is only necessary to cut out triangular cutouts. It turns out a staircase projection. The dimensions of the legs of the cut triangles are determined as the depth of the tread and. Before cutting, it is necessary to carefully mark the beam with a triangular ruler with a right angle. Then, using a circular saw, cut off the extra corners along the marks. Remember the safety rules when working with an electric saw. Most often, two wooden stringers are used on the sides for reliability and structural strength. The downside of this design is sawing, which significantly reduces the thickness of the beam and affects the reliability of the entire structure. Creating a stair on a stepped stringer
All property owners dream of coziness and comfort, regardless of material well-being. It is necessary to thoroughly consider the issue of arranging the stairs if the house has several floors, otherwise it will be extremely inconvenient to use the house.
Kosour - a bearing element, which is an inclined beam, on which fences and steps are mounted. This element is located on flight of stairs and gives the whole structure strength, making it a real monolith. The simplicity and reliability of the design are the features that made such stair structures in demand.
Varieties
Answering the common question: “what are stringers for stairs”, it should be noted that there are several options for such elements:
- broken lines (for structures with several spans located at an angle);
- straight lines (used for mid-flight single-span structures);
- involute (screw) are designed for rounded screw marches.
Bearing elements are located in the center (one) or on the sides of the structure (two elements with a staircase width of 1.5 m or more).
Work materials
original metal staircase on kosoura is made of the following materials:
- natural wood;
- reinforced concrete or concrete;
- metal.
Whatever material is used to equip the steps: modern polymers, aluminum, wood, cast iron, stone, for the manufacture of the frame of the future staircase design is chosen profile pipe, I-beam, channel.
Advice! Such bearing elements have high strength, they are compact, so it is advantageous to use them in rooms with a small area.
We calculate the support beam
In order for the design to be comfortable, durable, beautiful, creating stringers for stairs with your own hands is important to carry out correct calculations. The essence of the calculations is to determine the number of stair steps, the width of the riser, the height of the interval between them
Algorithm:
- calculation of the length and height of the ladder structure. When creating a single-span system equipped with straight elements, the span length should be no more than 4.5 m. The height is determined taking into account the size of the ceiling. Let's say that the ceilings are 3.1 m, add 15 cm for decoration floor covering, thermal insulation, we get the height of the steel staircase along the stringers - 3.25 m;
- calculate the number of steps. A step is allowed with a height of 16-22 cm, a width of 28-35 cm. With a length of 4.5 m, dividing by the size of one step, we get 15 pieces. We divide the height of the ladder system 3.2 5 m by the number of steps (by 15), we get the height of one step 21.6 cm;
Advice! The number of steps is better to take 16 pieces, making them 28 cm wide, 20.3 cm high.
Advice! After marking, try to leave ½ of the width of the support element unused so that the structure is strong.
- sawing stringers out of wood. The main species suitable for their manufacture: pine, oak. Among the minuses of oak - high price and substantial weight. Pine stringers will cost less, when calculating the stringer of the stairs from this tree, choose boards with a thickness of 40 mm or more. When making your own new ladder system, use circular saw or a jigsaw;
Attention! Sawing the base for the steps is a laborious job, do not forget to wear gloves. A staircase is cut on the central stringer to fit the size of the room, a recess is made to slightly sink the steps.
- set the steps. Before you fix the steps, carry out a full calculation of the metal stringer for the stairs, and also select the material for the steps. Fastening of ladder structures on metal supports performed by welded joints or bolts. Wooden options allow fastening steps with screws, screws, as well as using filly. Filly is called a protrusion on the support beam, fastened with a screed, screws, dowels. If the ladder is installed on two stringers, the step and the filly are mounted on dowels made of beech, which are screwed on the screws.
Advice! Steps can be mounted on ledges cut in the beam itself.
- install balusters. The fastening of the balusters is carried out directly to the stringers or steps; this will require dowels or a screed. The fixation of balusters, for stairs on metal stringers, must be strong, because the reliability of the entire structure depends on the quality of installation. It would be optimal to use dowels and ties 6-7 cm long, in which case the balusters will be reliably protected from a possible fall.
Advice! Choose wide railings so that it is convenient to hold on to them. A standard staircase on a central metal stringer with wooden balusters is suitable for any design direction.
- choice of the number of stringers. Modern stairs on steel stringers allow the use of 1-3 stringers, given the width of the staircase. In most cases wooden structures suggest the use of two side stringers. standard ladder you can do it on metal stringers with your own hands, knowing that a metal sole comes from the central location of the supporting elements, steps are attached to it.
Installation of cast iron support elements is a difficult task, it is better to use the help of professionals. When choosing a mount for such a structure, keep in mind when drawing a staircase on stringers that you need to pay attention to one central and two side mounts.
Attention! Do not try to make a home ladder system on one support element, like monolithic staircase according to the stringers, only professionals can do it, beginners will not be able to correctly carry out the calculations.
How to calculate the ladder structure
It is important to choose the right profile size, taking into account the loads that will be placed on it. When calculating steps, use the following parameters:
- distance between floors;
- riser height, tread depth;
- length and width of the ladder system;
- weight (8–9 kg).
According to safety requirements, stringers for metal stairs should be 30 cm deep. To determine the load on the step, it is taken Weight Limit- 400 kg. Multiplying normative indicator 135 kg for a special coefficient of 1.1 (reliability indicator) we get 148.5 kg. We add to this figure the maximum weight multiplied by a factor of 1.4 (560 kg), we get the result -708.5 kg is the load on the profile metal element.
Using the formula I = 5.2 x b x Q x L / E
b - step width, cm;
L-length of the support beam, cm;
E-modulus of elasticity, which is 2100000 kg / cm²
SNiP allows the use of a profile 3 mm thick, 140 by 60 mm in size. For stair structures with several marches, calculations are carried out separately for each flight.
Conclusion
Stair structures on supporting elements provide huge space savings. But before planning, think about how to mark the stringer for wooden stairs, evaluate the features of your home: the presence of a closet, the height of the ceiling.
Stairs for giving and a private house with a photo