Making a metal kosour with your own hands. How to make do-it-yourself stringers for stairs

All property owners dream of coziness and comfort, regardless of material well-being. It is necessary to thoroughly consider the issue of arranging the stairs if the house has several floors, otherwise it will be extremely inconvenient to use the house.

Kosour - a bearing element, which is inclined beam, on which fences and steps are mounted. This element is located on the flight of stairs and gives strength to the entire structure, making it a real monolith. The simplicity and reliability of the design are the features that made such stair structures in demand.

Varieties

Answering the common question: “what are stringers for stairs”, it should be noted that there are several options for such elements:

• broken lines (for structures with several spans located at an angle);
• straight lines (used for mid-flight single-span structures);
• involute (screw) are designed for rounded screw marches.

Bearing elements are located in the center (one) or on the sides of the structure (two elements with a staircase width of 1.5 m or more).

Work materials

The original metal staircase on stringers is made of the following materials:

• natural wood;
• reinforced concrete or concrete;
• metal.

Whatever material is used to equip the steps: modern polymers, aluminum, wood, cast iron, stone, for the manufacture of the frame of the future staircase design is chosen profile pipe, I-beam, channel.

Advice! Such bearing elements have high strength, they are compact, so it is advantageous to use them in rooms with a small area.

We calculate the support beam

In order for the design to be comfortable, durable, beautiful, creating stringers for stairs with your own hands is important to carry out correct calculations. The essence of the calculations is to determine the number of stair steps, the width of the riser, the height of the interval between them

Algorithm:

• calculation of the length and height of the ladder structure. When creating a single-span system equipped with straight elements, the span length should be no more than 4.5 m. The height is determined taking into account the size of the ceiling. Let's say that the ceilings are 3.1 m, add 15 cm for decoration floor covering, thermal insulation, we get the height of the steel staircase along the stringers - 3.25 m;
• calculate the number of steps. A step is allowed with a height of 16-22 cm, a width of 28-35 cm. With a length of 4.5 m, dividing by the size of one step, we get 15 pieces. We divide the height of the ladder system 3.2 5 m by the number of steps (by 15), we get the height of one step 21.6 cm;

Advice! The number of steps is better to take 16 pieces, making them 28 cm wide, 20.3 cm high.

Advice! After marking, try to leave ½ of the width of the support element unused so that the structure is strong.

• sawing stringers out of wood. The main species suitable for their manufacture: pine, oak. Among the minuses of oak - high price and substantial weight. Pine stringers will cost less, when calculating the stringer of the stairs from this tree, choose boards with a thickness of 40 mm or more. When making your own new ladder system, use a circular saw or a jigsaw;

Attention! Sawing the base for the steps is a laborious job, do not forget to wear gloves. A staircase is cut on the central stringer to fit the size of the room, a recess is made to slightly sink the steps.

• set the steps. Before you fix the steps, carry out a full calculation metal stringer for the stairs, and also select the material under the steps. Fastening of ladder structures on metal supports performed by welded joints or bolts. Wooden options allow fastening steps with screws, screws, as well as using filly. Filly is called a protrusion on the support beam, fastened with a screed, screws, dowels. If the ladder is installed on two stringers, the step and the filly are mounted on dowels made of beech, which are screwed on the screws.

Advice! Steps can be mounted on ledges cut in the beam itself.

• install balusters. The fastening of the balusters is carried out directly to the stringers or steps; this will require dowels or a screed. The fixation of balusters, for stairs on metal stringers, must be strong, because the reliability of the entire structure depends on the quality of installation. It would be optimal to use dowels and ties 6-7 cm long, in which case the balusters will be reliably protected from a possible fall.

Advice! Choose wide railings so that it is convenient to hold on to them. A standard staircase on a central metal stringer with wooden balusters is suitable for any design direction.

• choice of the number of stringers. modern stairs on steel stringers allow the use of 1-3 stringers, given the width of the ladder structure. In most cases, wooden structures involve the use of two side stringers. standard ladder you can do it on metal stringers with your own hands, knowing that a metal sole comes from the central location of the supporting elements, steps are attached to it.

Installation of cast iron support elements is a difficult task, it is better to use the help of professionals. When choosing a mount for such a structure, keep in mind when drawing a staircase on stringers that you need to pay attention to one central and two side mounts.

Attention! Do not try to make a home ladder system on one support element, like monolithic staircase according to the stringers, only professionals can do it, beginners will not be able to correctly carry out the calculations.

How to calculate the ladder structure

It is important to choose the right profile size, taking into account the loads that will be placed on it. When calculating steps, use the following parameters:

• distance between floors;
• riser height, tread depth;
• length and width of the ladder system;
• weight (8–9 kg).

According to safety requirements, stringers for metal stairs should be 30 cm deep. To determine the load on the step, it is taken Weight Limit- 400 kg. Multiplying normative indicator 135 kg for a special coefficient of 1.1 (reliability indicator) we get 148.5 kg. We add to this figure the maximum weight multiplied by a factor of 1.4 (560 kg), we get the result -708.5 kg is the load on the profile metal element.

Using the formula I = 5.2 x b x Q x L / E

b - step width, cm;

L-length of the support beam, cm;

E-modulus of elasticity, which is 2100000 kg / cm²

SNiP allows the use of a profile 3 mm thick, 140 by 60 mm in size. For staircase structures with several marches, carry out calculations separately for each span.

Conclusion

Stair structures on supporting elements provide huge space savings. But before planning, think about how to mark the stringer for a wooden staircase, evaluate the features of your home: the presence of a pantry, the height of the ceiling.

Stairs for giving and a private house with a photo

A wooden staircase on stringers is considered the simplest design for self-manufacturing. However, its manufacture also has many nuances, non-observance of which can lead to structural fragility. Therefore, before starting the construction of stairs with such fasteners, it is important to study the types of products, as well as the technology for their creation.

Kosours are wooden beams located along the edges of the stairs. Bottom part of these beams has an even shape, and the top is cut in the form of a zigzag. A feature of wooden stairs with stringers is that steps are installed on these side beams. At the same time, the treads often overlap, protruding beyond the stringers.

Kosours can be constructed from the following materials:

• Concrete. Building a structure is very labor intensive. It involves laying out the formwork, which is a draft version of a wooden staircase. Subsequently, concrete mortar is poured into the formwork;
• Metal. The manufacture of stringers from this material involves the use of special tools for cutting and welding metal;
• Wood. For the manufacture of supporting elements, a minimum set of conventional carpentry tools is used.

The material for creating stringers is selected under the steps and handrails of the stairs. In this case, most often the supporting elements are made of wood.

Technical requirements

In the manufacture of stairs on kosoura should take into account such technical requirements:

• Installation of stairs can be done at an angle of 20-75 0 . In this case, the optimal angle of elevation is 40-45 0 ;
• Single-march structures should include no more than 18 steps;
• All steps must have the same height and width;
• The width of the stairs with stringers should not be less than 0.8 m;
• The length of the tread cannot be less than 20 cm. The optimal value is 25-30 cm;
• The height of the steps should be 15-20 cm;
• Stair structures with stringers that have more than 3 steps must be equipped with railings with a height of at least 0.9 m.

Also, the requirements for the design of the stairs on the stringers involve the use of exclusively high-quality lumber, as well as the production of accurate calculations and correct installation products.

Types of stairs on stringers

Products have several classifications. So, according to the number of stringers used during installation, stairs are:

• Single. All steps are placed on one kosour, located in the middle of the structure. Since the load on the support element is high in this case, the stringer is made of metal;
• Double. This type of ladder is the most common. Support elements are located at the edges of the structure;
• Triple. In the product, in addition to the side stringers, an additional supporting element is installed in the middle of the treads. This design helps to prevent excessive deflection of the steps and their damage when placing a large weight on them.

For stairs with a large width of steps, the number of stringers may be more than three.

According to their form, kosours can be:

• Comb or zigzag. A kosour of this type on the side looks like steps. Usually the part is made from a single sheet of wood;
• Filly. Most often, this type of construction is used in the construction of a single stringer staircase. On each crest of the kosour, special wide plates or boards, called fillies, are installed. They are an additional support for the tread. Usually fillies are made for wooden stairs on metal stringers.

wooden structures with standard width steps are most often equipped with double or triple comb stringers. At the same time, the stairs themselves, in their form, can be marching or spiral.

Materials for the manufacture of wooden stairs

When choosing a material for building stairs on stringers with your own hands, you should pay attention to the strength and durability of wood. To create products, lumber from such trees can be used:

• Pine;
• Ash;
• Alder;
• Cedar;
• Birch;
• Maple;
• Larch;

Pine and birch are used for small and strictly limited budget. The material has low strength indicators. In addition, birch is in dire need of protective impregnation, since wood is prone to rotting when high humidity in room. Oak boards can be used in the construction of stairs in capital houses. The reason for this is the significant weight of the wood.

The main tools and material that are used to build a wooden staircase on the stringers with your own hands are:

• Wood for creating supporting elements. Its thickness must be at least 6 mm;
• Finished steps or boards for their manufacture;
• Pencil and square ruler for marking wood;
• Roulette;
• Anchor bolts;
• Bands;
• Level;
• Wooden rounded bars or lamellas. Railings will be constructed from them;
• Electric jigsaw;
• self-tapping screws;
• Screwdriver or screwdriver.

Also, a saw, a hacksaw, and even a grinder can be used to trim wood. For reliable fixation of the steps, wood glue can be used additionally. And when building steps closed type fixation of the tread with the riser is carried out using self-tapping screws and metal corners.

Mounting process technology

The process of creating a staircase on stringers includes several successive stages:

1. Carrying out preliminary measurements and calculations.
2. Building a drawing future design.
3. Manufacturing of stringers.
4. Creation of steps.
5. Assembly of the stairs and its installation in the selected location.
6. Fixing fences.

The obligatory final stage of work is wood finishing. protective impregnations and decorative materials.

Measurements and calculations

Calculations of the dimensions of the future stairs should be carried out based on the type of construction. Be sure to take into account all the technical requirements for the product. The main dimensions on which to rely when making calculations are:

• The height of the future stairs. The value is the distance from the floor of the first to the second floors;
• The angle of inclination of the structure;
• Step width.

With this data, it is easy to calculate required dimensions and the shape of all future structural elements. In this case, it should be borne in mind that the angle between the steps, and therefore between the teeth of the comb, should be 90 0. The number of steps is determined by dividing the total height of the structure by the height of one step. Meters are used as units of measurement.

For ease of sizing, individual elements wooden stairs on stringers, you can use special online construction calculators. This will not only save time, but also protect against the occurrence of possible errors when calculating.

Building a drawing

To understand the geometry of the future structure and the principles of its subsequent assembly, a staircase drawing is made before starting work. For the convenience of its use, the drawing of the stairs is performed in several projections. All the calculated dimensions of the parts are applied to the resulting scheme.

The scheme is as convenient as possible while maintaining a single scale for all parts within the same drawing.

Manufacturing of stringers

For the manufacture of stringers, marking lines of cuts for future comb teeth are applied to two identical wooden beams. In order to correctly mark the lines, the height and length points of the steps are marked on the square ruler. Applying a ruler with dots to the edge of the beam from which the kosour will be created, the outline of the cut is outlined with a pencil. By the same principle, markings are applied to the second beam.

Wood cuts are made along the marking lines. The work is carried out using a jigsaw or other suitable tool.

Making steps

When creating steps for stairs, it takes into account the type of future structure. For product open type only the manufacture of a tread is required. But at the closed staircase on the stringers there should also be risers.

To create steps, ready-made boards are used. right size. If there are none, wooden bars sawn from a solid board. In this case, the dimensions of the tread correspond to the length and width of the step. The dimensions of the riser correspond to the height and width of the step.

The dimensions of the riser must clearly correspond to these values, while for the tread, deviations in dimensions are allowed in the larger direction. In this case, the horizontal part of the steps will slightly protrude from the sides of the stairs, and hang over the bottom step. However, the excess of the nominal dimensions should be no more than 1-1.5 cm for each side of the tread.

Ladder assembly and installation

The assembly and installation of the stairs is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Finished stringers are laid out on a flat floor, at a suitable distance from each other. In this case, temporary fixation of the stringers along the edges with the help of strands is possible. After that, the zigzags of the supporting elements are lightly smeared with building glue, when it is applied.
2. To vertical lines combs are applied risers. These elements are fixed on the supports with self-tapping screws.
3. After installing all the vertical elements, on horizontal lines combs are stacked treads. Their fixation to the ends of the supports is carried out on self-tapping screws.

When all the steps are securely fixed, the stairs are mounted to the floor of the first and second floors, at an appropriate angle of inclination, using anchor bolts or other suitable fasteners.

Railing installation

In stairs with stringers, the installation of the railing is carried out in the tread. For the construction of these safety elements, at the beginning and at the end of the structure, support balusters are installed on both sides of the steps. In each of the treads, a small depression of 1-1.5 cm is drilled, the diameter of which corresponds to the section of the railing. The resulting holes are lightly smeared with building glue, after which a railing is inserted into them, strictly vertically. To deepen them securely, the lamellae are lightly tapped from above with a rubber or wooden mallet or mallet.

The mounted railing is covered with a beam with holes drilled in it at the appropriate points. This beam will act as a handrail. At the edges, it is fixed with grooves and glue into balusters.

Finishing work

Finishing a wooden staircase consists in impregnating the material with protective solutions that will protect the product from the influence of changes in humidity and temperature. environment. Usually, a stain or a special primer is used for these purposes. When using wood stain, it can slightly tint the wood.

Decorative finishing is done with paint or varnish. Any finish should be applied thinly and in several coats. In the intervals between applying a new decorative layer, the surface must be polished with a fine-grained sandpaper. The application of each subsequent decorative layer, or its grinding, is possible only after the previous coating has completely dried.

Assembling a wooden kosour is not so difficult as it might seem at first glance. To make a kosour with your own hands, you need to choose the right thickness of the supporting beams.

Advice! To make the design more reliable and durable, it is necessary to choose solid deciduous varieties trees such as oak, maple or beech. Before working with wooden blanks, they need to be sanded.

The higher the ladder structure is planned, the stronger and thicker the supporting beam should be. Kosours can be of two types:

• stepped
• with mares.

Filly are triangular elements that are fastened with dowels to the beam. It is on the fillies that treads are installed. It is quite difficult to assemble such a structure. But this assembly is considered the most reliable. The easiest to assemble will be a stepped stringer. To fasten the steps, it is only necessary to cut out triangular cutouts. It turns out a staircase projection. The dimensions of the legs of the cut triangles are determined as the depth of the tread and. Before cutting, it is necessary to carefully mark the beam with a triangular ruler with a right angle. Then, using circular saw, cut off extra corners by marks. Remember the safety rules when working with an electric saw. The two most commonly used wooden kosour on the sides for reliability and structural strength. minus similar design is a cut, which significantly reduces the thickness of the beam and affects the reliability of the entire structure. Creating a stair on a stepped stringer

Ladders are used in low-rise private housing construction different models, sizes and shapes. One of the most popular, as practice shows, are metal stairs on stringers. These designs are reliable, relatively easy to manufacture, practical and, in terms of aesthetics, stand out from other types. Before proceeding with the assembly of the structure with our own hands, we will deal with different types kosourov.

Varieties and features of the designs of stringers

A kosour is a beam that rests with its ends against interfloor ceilings connecting the upper and lower levels of the building. In fact, this is the supporting element of the ladder structure, on which the steps lie and all parts of the lifting system are attached.

The design on the stringer is easy to distinguish from the system with a bowstring - the supporting elements are located only under the steps

There are several varieties of stringer stairs, which differ from each other in the number of beams.

• Double. These are two support beams on which steps are installed from above. A common option, especially when stairs are made of wood. By the way, the design on bowstrings is very similar to them. Only here the steps are located between the beams in special grooves.

The design on two stringers is the most popular and easiest to manufacture option.

The stringers themselves can be located relative to the steps strictly along the edges or with a slight offset inward.

• Triple. This is when three load-bearing beams are installed: two along the edges, one in the middle. It makes sense to assemble such a design only when the length of the steps exceeds 2 m.

Very durable and robust design: Intermediate beam eliminates deflection of wide span steps

And a few more terms that are used by specialists in the process of manufacturing stairs on stringers:

Zigzag comb

As for the material from which the stairs on the stringers are assembled, it is most often used steel pipe or channel. It is important to understand here that both profiles must have an increased bearing capacity, especially for models with one kosour. The staircase itself is assembled using electric welding, so for independent work you need to master this skill.

Scheme with two stringers

The double design is determined by the presence of two stringers in it. The easiest option is when the ends profile metal fixed between two floors without turning. That is, in this case it is a rectilinear construction.

The main requirement for competent installation stringers are the same length of the beams and the exact distance between them along the entire longitudinal arrangement. At the same time, two elements laid in parallel are fastened to the bearing elements of the upper and lower floors.

Frame diagram of a straight single-span staircase

It is more difficult with a rotary system, when the structure is divided by an intermediate platform, and the upper part relative to the lower one turns to some angle. More often than not less than 90°. In this case, the issue of safety and strength of the object is solved by additional fastening of the stringers either to the walls or to support pillars, which are installed under the platform and the upper part of the span. However, if you correctly calculate the elements of the system according to the loads, then the metal profile can withstand quite a serious weight without additional fasteners. This strength is the main difference between metal stairs and wooden ones.

Design turning stairs. Additional supports are installed at the corners at the corners.

The hardest knot in the whole swivel design- This is a passage through the platform. Here it is necessary to observe the absolute accuracy of the parameters of the staircase itself, which do not change when moving from the lower part to the upper one. However, metal stairs with one or two stringers can be made without an intermediate platform - winder steps can be used.

Turning staircase frame winder steps and stringers from the channel

Scheme with one central stringer

It is original and outwardly simple design demands to himself special attention compared to other lifting systems. One kosour takes on the entire weight of the march. In addition, the shape of the profile must take into account additional torsional loads. Therefore, it is important to choose the right shape and section of the stringer. In the general case, a pipe with a cross section of 150x150 mm with a wall thickness of at least 6 mm is suitable.

If we compare the ease of installation of a ladder on a pipe and a ladder on a channel, then the latter option undoubtedly wins.

The ladder on the stringer from the channel is considered convenient to carry out installation work. The profile is stable, there is no need to twist it, exposing it to interfloor ceilings. The channel is laid on a shelf that is wide enough to ensure rigidity and reliability of the installation. At the same time, the installation of steps, or rather fillies, is also simple and convenient, which cannot be said about the pipe.

A feature of single stairs on stringers is the airiness of the structure. In addition, it becomes possible to save a little, because the number of elements decreases. But do not think that the savings will be large, because the central stringer requires platforms for steps, to which separate supports (one or two) are made. They may be different shapes, more often rectangular or triangular with a cut.

Design options with 1 and 2 stringers

The supports are installed at an angle to the stringer and form a horizontal plane for fastening the steps. The fastening to the beam itself is electric welding.

Tilt angles and steps

The optimal angle of inclination of the stairs in relation to the floor plane should be 20-45 °.

20-45 degrees is the optimal slope of the stairs, but it may be different depending on the layout.

But since this perfect option, and in practice there are different situations that are very different from the optimal, then each case is analyzed individually. If the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room allows, then it is better to make the angle smaller, which makes the structure more comfortable in terms of moving around it. If the premises small size, then the ladder is exposed at a large angle.

The latter situation is problematic and is solved by reinstalling the steps. Here is your best option, when one step hangs over another, but at the same time their projections do not coincide with each other. In a situation with a large angle of inclination, everything is different. The steps will hang over each other with an overlap in the projection. But the displacement should not be allowed to be more than 8 cm. This is laid down by GOST and SNiPs on stairs.

How to accurately calculate the kosour for stairs

First of all, it is necessary to determine the parameters of the structure itself. Some of them are permanent, others can be changed.

• H - ceiling height;
• H1 - ladder height;
• L is the projection length on the floor;
• h is the riser height;
• l is the step depth;
• n is the number of steps;
• L1 - the length of the opening on the top floor.

According to building standards, it is accepted that the value of "H1" should not be less than 2 m, "l" varies in the range of 25-30 cm, "h" - in the range of 12-25 cm.

Of all the indicated values, the “H” parameter is a constant value and is determined by the building design. All other dimensional indicators are adjusted to the dimensions of the space.

When calculating the design parameters, you need to be very careful, since the reliability of the stairs depends on this.

Calculation of the number of steps

Input data:

• H=3 m;
• h=18 cm.

The number of steps is H/h=300:18=16. But you need to understand that the last upper step is the floor top floor, so 15 steps will need to be attached to the stringer.

Calculation of the length of the kosour

Knowing the number of steps, we can derive the length of the projection flight of stairs, for which the depth of the steps is determined. For example, it is equal to 28 cm. Now the following mathematical calculation is carried out: 28x15 \u003d 4.2 m. This is the value of the “L” indicator.

When there is a size for the height of the ceilings, there is a length of the projection of the stairs, it remains to determine the length of the stringer using the Pythagorean theorem.

H² + L² \u003d P², where P is the length of the stairs.

3² + 4.2² = 26.64 is P². This means that P = 5.16 m. This is the length of the stringer required for the construction of a flight of stairs according to the given parameters.

When calculating the parameters of the stairs, you must adhere to the Pythagorean theorem.

Online calculator

For convenience, we have made a selection with which you can independently calculate all design parameters, as well as the range and amount of material required.

Instructions for installing stairs on stringers

The dimensions of the structure are known, you can proceed with the installation work. Here are the main steps in this process.

1. The channel, pipe or I-beam is cut to the estimated length of the stringer.
2. The places for installing the steps are evenly distributed along it, taking into account the estimated number and parameters.
3. Installation and fastening of filly is made.
4. Mounting the kosour in place.
5. Installation of steps.

Do-it-yourself installation of the step frame

You need to start with the installation of fillies. Usually, for stairs of this type, stands are made from a corner with a shelf width of up to 40 mm. A segment of this profile must be bent at a right angle. At the same time, the dimensions of its horizontal and vertical parts are strictly maintained. In our example, 28 and 18 cm, respectively.

When installing a double stringer ladder, you need to start by welding the supports to one channel, and then mark the attachment point on the second and weld it.

The fillies are welded by electric welding in places that were determined during the calculation. If there are two stringers in the staircase design, then first the supports are attached to one of them, then the second channel is applied to the first, due to which the exact installation locations of the fillies on the second are determined. If the distance between two load-bearing beams large, it is recommended to install transverse profiles (corners) between them at the level of mounting the filly, which will increase the rigidity and reliability of the entire staircase structure.

This is the simplest step frame that you can quickly make with your own hands. Exist a large number of varieties of stands, which are made of pipes, iron sheets, steel reinforcement and other profiles.

In a design with one stringer, you can use fillies in the form of a vertically installed profile at the level of the outer edge of the step. Its height will be equal to the height of the riser. At the same time, the frame itself is installed on this stand with one side, and on the kosour with the opposite side. The photo below shows this option. It must be clarified that such a design is possible only if it is a metal frame that is installed under the steps.

This installation option is only allowed for stairs with metal frame.

Step installation

As for fastening the steps, everything will depend on what material they are made of. If it is wood, then the easiest way is to mount it on self-tapping screws or bolts. In both cases, it will be necessary to make holes for fasteners in fillies or in the frame.

1. If self-tapping screws are used as a fastener, then they must be selected along a length slightly less than the thickness of the step. They are screwed into the wood from the underside, while it is recommended to put fasteners under the head rubber gasket and wide puck.
2. If bolts are used, then the place of attachment is determined first of all on the steps. To do this, they are laid on a frame or filly and the places are marked from below through the holes with a marker. through holes, in which they are made with a drill and a drill. The diameter of the drill should be slightly larger than the diameter of the bolts. On the front side, under the cap of the fastener, a recess is made to the thickness of the head and with a diameter equal to the width of the cap. The step is installed in place, a bolt is inserted into it from above, which is tightened with a nut from below through the filly or frame. In this case, the head of the fastener will enter the expanded hole and become flush with the surface of the step.

When used for fastening bolt steps, it is necessary to make a recess on the front side for the bolt head.

If the steps are made of metal, then reliable way fasteners - electric welding. Although the bolted design will also hold up well. True, it's more difficult option, because you have to make a large number of holes in metal profiles. This also applies to fillies with a frame, and the steps themselves. In addition, after such a connection, it will be necessary to hide the bolt heads (paint or put on plastic caps).

Installation of fences

And the last final stage is the installation of the enclosing structure. Enough in this category a large assortment, which will be in perfect harmony with the metal frame of the stairs. Here are just a few popular options:

1. forged;
2. wooden;
3. aluminum;
4. from stainless profiles, a pipe is more often used;
5. plastic;
6. glass.

To increase the safety of the operation of the stairs, it is better to install a fence.

The main requirement for the choice is full compliance with the design of the staircase itself on the stringers. But if we talk about installation conditions, then stainless steel and plastic fences are suitable in case self installation. Installation of other structures is best left to professionals.

The manufacture and construction of stairs on stringers with their own hands, with apparent simplicity, is a complex process. Therefore, it is very important to accurately carry out calculations, it is better to make a drawing on paper, which will become the starting point for installation operations.

Stairs on stringers can be made by hand. When designing and erecting a building above one floor, one cannot help but think about the construction of a staircase. The most common staircase structures:

• on stringers;
• on bowstrings;
• on the pains;
• screw.

But we can safely say that the most common and popular are the stairs on the stringers. Their advantages include:

• application a wide range materials;
• ease of manufacture and installation;
• when the width and height are given, they are easy to adapt to the desired dimensions;
• simple fastening of steps, if necessary, they are easy to replace;
• the ability to place stringers closer or further from the edges of the steps;
• worthy appearance, which is easy to style if desired.

Design features

Stringers are the supporting parts of the stairs, which are installed at a certain angle and steps are attached to them. In another way they are called beams. Depending on the width of the ladder structure being erected, as well as the materials for manufacturing, there may be one or more such elements in its structure.

How to make a kosour for stairs? With the right information and necessary materials, you can independently make such a design.

What materials are used? To create staircase structures are used various materials. For the manufacture of kosour are most often used:

• wood;
• rolled metal products;
• reinforced concrete.

Among all the easiest to process material for stringer stairs is wood.

Its characteristics such as high level mechanical strength, small specific gravity and attractive appearance, add to her pluses. The wooden structure lends itself perfectly to grinding, polishing, and with the production modern means protection is perfectly protected from moisture and other adverse effects.

Wooden staircase on two stringers - classic version that fits into almost any interior. Making a wooden staircase is not so difficult that it is freely performed at home. This does not require special tools, everything you need may well be in your home workshop.

More difficult to process, but no less used material is metal. For the device of a metal kosour, such types of rolled products as an I-beam, a channel or a rectangular pipe are often used. Almost always, when a construction is made on one stringer, it is made of metal. However, the more common option is to use two beams.

The metal construction is strong, reliable and allows you to make curved variations of stairs, which is an indisputable advantage of the material. However, at home, making a curved stringer will not be possible. And you can try to do a straight, more traditional kosour with your own hands if you have skills in working with metal, a grinder and a welding machine.

Regarding reinforced concrete, it is often used in mass housing construction. Usually such stairs are cast at the factory as a finished monolith. In this case, beams and steps are not separable from each other. But some factories produce separately manufactured beams and steps. This design is assembled on site in parts using metal pins and mortar. reinforced concrete structure it will be problematic to assemble on stringers with your own hands without the help of a crane.

Calculation of the dimensions of the structure

1. Structure height. The vertical distance is measured from the floor on which the structure is mounted to the floor of the next floor (including ceilings).
2. The total horizontal length of the structure. The distance that the stairs will take from the first to the last step.
3. Tread depth. The distance that is allotted for setting the foot when climbing stairs. Often it is taken in the range of 25-40 cm, this distance is considered ergonomic and safe when using the stairs.
4. Riser height. A comfortable riser will be 12-22 cm in size. Below - the steps will be too small, above - you will have to raise your leg too high, in both cases it may not be very convenient to use the stairs.

Calculation example.

Let's say the height is 3 m;

Desired length 4.5 m;

The depth of the tread, for example, we take 30 cm (0.3 m).

Calculate the number of steps: divide the length of the stairs by the depth of the tread and get the right amount.
4.5 m / 0.3 m = 15 pieces.

Calculate the height of the riser for this design: divide the height of the stairs by the number of steps calculated above and find the desired height:

3 m / 15 pcs. = 0.2 m (or 20 cm).

This size is included in the generally accepted range and is convenient for the operation of the stairs.

To calculate the kosour along the length, imagine that the entire structure is a triangle. The role of the legs is performed by the length and height of the stairs, and the beam is its hypotenuse. Knowing two sizes, using the Pythagorean theorem, we find the third.

Video about the manufacture of a simple staircase on a cut stringer and the calculation of the stringer:

Calculation example.

The height squared plus the length squared equals the length of the string squared. We take the square root from the resulting number and find the length of the beam for our stairs.
32 + 4.52 = 9 + 20.25 = e29.25 = 5.4 m.

It turns out that for a staircase with such dimensions, you will need a beam 5.4 m long. Having done such simple calculations correctly, you can make a kosour with your own hands and independently build a staircase at home.

However, do not forget about this important point, like the fluctuation of the kosour. It determines the strength and resistance to constant and variable loads on the beams and the stairs as a whole. Fluctuation calculations can be made by knowing what materials will be used for beams, steps, railings and trim. It is very important to do this calculation correctly. Since otherwise, the deflection of the structure or its destruction is possible.

Product manufacturing

How to make a kosour for a wooden staircase? uncomplicated wooden staircase on kosoura on their own is made quickly enough. Often the most common wooden structure for a cottage consists of such elements as:

• two beams;
• steps;
• risers;
• railing.

For such a staircase on the stringers, you can purchase ready-made steps and railings, but the beams can be made with your own hands. In addition to the material, you will need tools:

• saw;
• a hammer;
• screwdriver;
• drill;
• Sander;
• roulette;
• level;
• dowels, self-tapping screws;
• pencil and square.

Video about making spiral staircase on the kosour:

For the manufacture of beams, you need to stock up on boards with a thickness of at least 6 cm and a width of 25-30 cm. In addition to size, you should pay attention to the quality of the wood. Most often, oak, maple, pine or beech are used, carefully checking the boards for cracks and other damage that can reduce the strength of the structure. To find quality material may not be easy, so it is quite possible to use a glued board.

Video about the manufacture of stairs on a broken stringer:

Having selected the boards, they need to be marked according to the calculations made in advance. With the help of a corner, we mark with a pencil the places where the cuts under the steps will be made. At the ends, we mark the places where there will be grooves for the transverse board, which is attached to both beams. Its length is usually equal to the width of the stairs. In the same way, we make the second kosour for the stairs.

When the markings of all steps are applied, with a saw in the board we make the necessary cuts strictly according to the pencil. The lower end of the beam, which will be fixed to the floor, is cut parallel to the places where the steps are attached. Top part beam is cut under right angle depending on the method of fixing the structure. After all the necessary cuts are made, you need to grind the finished beams. Now it remains to fix all the details (beams, steps, railings, risers) in their places, and the staircase on the stringers will be ready.