How is an apartment building refurbished? What is the difference between a major overhaul and a current one? Concepts and definitions of what types of work relate to these types of repairs

AT last years government agencies, managing organizations and homeowners face acute issues related to the maintenance of residential real estate and the implementation of major repairs.

The significance of the problem is due to the increase in the financial burden of citizens for the maintenance of common house property and significant deterioration of the housing stock.

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Building maintenance - what is it?

The concept of overhaul is disclosed in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. These are the replacement (restoration) works:

• Building structures (except load-bearing) and their components;
• Engineering and technical communications;
• Parts of load-bearing building structures.

During a major overhaul, malfunctions of worn-out parts of common house property are eliminated by restoring repairs, they are replaced with similar ones or with better performance characteristics.

If technical capabilities allow, then a residential building is being modernized taking into account modern requirements in the field of efficient use of various types of resources (equipment with meters for heat, electricity, water, gas) and improve living comfort.

Based on the scope of work performed, there are:

1. Comprehensive repairs carried out in order to restore all damaged parts of common property. After the completion of this repair technical condition buildings must fully comply with all building codes and operational requirements.
2. Selective overhaul involves the replacement or repair of individual components of the building, certain elements engineering communications.

Selective repairs are performed when a comprehensive repair is impossible or involves significant difficulties.

These may be situations where:

• Significant damage to some structures threatens the safety of other parts of buildings;
• There is no economic feasibility of carrying out a comprehensive repair of the building or there are features of its financing;
• It may be necessary to limit or temporarily stop the use of the house.

Also, in addition to the planned overhaul, an unscheduled (emergency) one is distinguished, which is carried out to restore the damage caused to the building structures of the house as a result of any emergency situations.

Maintenance and overhaul of the house: what is the difference?

It is essential to distinguish overhaul from current repair work, since the rights and obligations of the parties and other participants in relations in the housing sector directly depend on the correct qualification of the work being carried out.

For example, in contracts for the provision of real estate for compensation (rent, lease) Maintenance is the responsibility of the tenant, and capital - the lessor. Besides Funding for these types of repairs comes from a variety of sources..

The features of each type of repair are based on the difference in goals, frequency and volume of repair work.

Current (preventive) repairs are measures systematically carried out in order to prevent premature wear of structures, finishes, communications of the building and work to eliminate minor damage and breakdowns.

An approximate set of measures implemented as part of the current repair is contained in Methodological guide for the maintenance and repair of the housing stock (MDK 2-04.2004), approved by the Federal Agency for Construction and Housing and Utilities (currently - the Ministry of Construction).

The current repair has a planned and preventive character. Preventive repairs do not require interruptions in the full use of the premises of the building by residents, are carried out periodically and quite often, in addition, such works are less expensive than overhauls.

Often the line between major and current repairs is conditional, since the objects of repair work are the same structures and their elements.

During the overhaul, an element that has become unusable is replaced or subject to restoration, and the scope of current repairs is maintaining structures in good condition throughout the established service life. For example, repairing a roof leak is a current repair, while replacing the entire roof of a house is a major repair.

Ongoing work is carried out and financed by housing maintenance companies from rents and rents.

Capital repairs in an apartment building are paid for by targeted payments from owners.

It is also necessary to distinguish between overhaul and reconstruction of the building. During reconstruction, unlike repair, measures are taken to change the key parameters of the MKD (number of storeys, area) or to completely replace the supporting structures.

Minimum contribution

The owners of apartments and non-residential areas located in an MKD (apartment building) are legally obligated to fully finance the overhaul of common property.

Paid monthly contributions are accumulated in a specialized overhaul trust fund, which is formed in two ways:

• On a separate bank account MKD(the accumulated money is spent on a specific house);
• Accumulation of funds in a collective account, managed by a regional operator, which carries out all organizational measures for the overhaul of the housing stock in a single subject in accordance with the overhaul program approved by the regional authorities.

The minimum mandatory contribution is approved by law in each region of the country.

The calculation of the amount of the contribution for a particular owner is made in rubles by multiplying the established tariff by the total area of ​​​​the premises owned by a citizen or legal entity.

Contributions may vary depending on:

1. From belonging to the territory of a particular municipality;
2. Type MKD;
3. Number of floors;
4. Actual service life;
5. Cost and volume of repair work;
6. Service life of common property elements.

Other works, except those established by the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, can only be carried out at the expense of the excess of the capital repair contribution.

Types of work that are paid at the expense of the minimum contribution

At the national level, legislation provides for a set of overhaul services funded by the overhaul fund.

What is included in the renovation of an apartment building? This is the repair, and, if necessary, the replacement of the following elements of the MKD:

• Intra-house communications related to common house property(systems of water supply, heating, sewerage, power supply, gasification, replacement furnace heating central);
• Lift equipment(normative service life is about 25 years);
• roofs(the frequency of repairs depends on the roofing material);
• Foundation and basement areas classified as common property of the owners(taking into account the load-bearing floors of the first floor, walls and passing sections of engineering communications);
• facade(including restoration of joint sealing, restoration of plaster, facing tiles, replacement of ebbs, downpipes and other works).

You may be interested in an article about the rights and obligations of management company on the maintenance of an apartment building, you can read about it.

At the regional level, this list is allowed to be supplemented with services for:

1. Insulation of the walls of the building;
2. Arrangement of a ventilated roof and exits to it;
3. Equipping MKD with common building meters of resource consumption, other devices that increase energy efficiency.

• Inspection of MKD and preparation of estimates for future repairs;
• Carrying out designer and technical supervision of the work performed;
• Energy audit of an apartment building;
• Technical inventory and certification of an apartment building.

The general meeting of owners has the right to agree to increase the minimum contribution rate established by the region in order to finance any additional work overhaul common property Houses.

Apartment owners are now required to pay for overhaul. The Russians are offered to choose a method of accumulating funds for this item of expenditure. We invite you to watch the video.

and objects

Foundations and basements

1. Partial re-laying (up to 15%) or strengthening of foundations under the walls and pillars of stone and wooden buildings, not related to the superstructure of the building.

2. Repair of brick cladding of foundation walls from the basement side in separate places with more than 10 bricks laid in one place.

3. Partial or complete re-laying of pits at the windows of the basement and basement floors and entrances to the basement.

4. Change of individual sections of strip, column foundations or chairs under wooden buildings.

5. Restoration of the settled or construction of a new blind area around the building.

Walls

1. Repair of stone walls, stone lining of the plinth and walls (more than 10 bricks in one place).

2. Translation brick plinths(more than 10 bricks or dropped bricks, more than 10 pieces in one place).

3. Full or partial re-laying and fastening of brick external walls, not connected with the superstructure of the building, not exceeding 25% of their total area in the building, as well as replacement in wooden buildings individual crowns, also not exceeding 25% of the total surface of the walls.

4. Strengthening the walls with tension and metal ties.

5. Filling cracks in brick walls with excavation and clearing of the old masonry and the installation of a new one with dressing of seams with the old masonry.

2. Repair or replacement of worn out metal fences on the rooftops.

3. Repair or replacement of worn outdoor fire escapes.

4. Repair or replacement of drainpipes and small coverings of architectural elements on the facade.

5. The device of new manholes on the roof, dormer windows and bridges to them.

6. Reorganization wooden roof in connection with the replacement of iron roofing with other roofing materials.

7. Repair of roofs of eternite, tar paper, roofing felt, etc., in some places using more than 10% of new materials or their complete replacement with other materials.

3. Repair of boilers, boilers, electric motors, pumps and fans with disassembly and replacement of components and parts.

4. The device of remote furnaces and devices for boilers under the blast furnace.

5. Automation of boiler rooms.

6. Transfer of boiler houses from solid fuel for gas.

7. Replacing the safety lever valve heat exchanger coil.

8. Installation of missing or replacement of failed plungers, air collector with pipeline and fittings.

9. Connection of buildings to heating networks (at a distance of no more than 150 m from the building).

4. Restoration of ventilation shafts and chambers.

5. Repair and replacement of ventilation equipment.

6. All construction works associated with a major overhaul or device new system ventilation.

Water supply and sewerage

1. Restoration or arrangement of a new internal water supply and sewerage system and their connection to water supply and sewerage networks. The length of the line from the nearest water inlet or outlet sewer to the street network should not exceed 100 m.

2. Installation of additional manholes on existing yard lines or street networks at the points of attachment.

3. All construction work related to the overhaul of water supply and sewerage.

1. Replacement and installation of a new hot water supply, separate sections of the hot water pipeline, worn-out tanks, water heaters and water heaters, bathtubs, showers and fittings for them (shower nets with pipelines, water taps, flexible hoses).

2. All construction work related to the overhaul and the installation of a new hot water supply.

Electric lighting and power wiring

1. Installation of new electric lighting in buildings and connection to the power supply network.

2. Replacement of worn-out lighting wiring with a change of installation fittings for switches, knife switches, plugs, cartridges, sockets, and in the event of a major overhaul of the building - the installation of a new electrical wiring.

3. Installation of new and replacement of group junction boxes and shields.

4. Automation of electric lighting in stairwells of buildings.

5. Replacement of ordinary lamps with fluorescent lamps (allowed in public buildings with a comprehensive overhaul).