How to calculate the steps of a wooden staircase. Stair Step Size Calculator

impossible to imagine without. This design is both functional and decorative. They are mounted screw or march - it does not matter. The main thing is that the staircase fits into and at the same time improves the appearance, while possessing the necessary strength characteristics. Today we’ll talk about the types of stair structures and figure out how to calculate all the main dimensions. Calculators specially developed by our team will help you calculate the stairs online.

In addition to the organic appearance in the interior, these structures need a margin of safety. Replacing or repairing is a laborious task, which means that even at the stage, you should think through all the nuances.

Important! The design steps are thought out so that they are convenient. Numerous studies have shown that deviations from standard sizes by 2-3 cm sharply reduce the ease of movement along it.

The safety of residents depends on how correctly the installation work is done. This means that you should understand the nuances as carefully as possible, understand how to calculate, determine possible options, and only after that stop the choice on one or another form.

Photo examples of various designs: solutions for home craftsmen

Design plays an important role in . You should think through everything to the smallest detail. To do this, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with some examples that will help you make the right decision. For some, samples will become an impetus that will help create an original masterpiece, others will take a ready-made solution as an example.

Amazing, isn't it? At first glance, it seems that one cannot do without a professional designer, but if you dig deeper, it becomes clear that a home master can create such masterpieces without special education. All you need is imagination and courage to implement the most extraordinary ideas. But coming up with an original design is only half the battle. You should study some of the technical characteristics that must have. Let's talk about them.

Related article:

In the article, we will consider what designs are, what are the advantages of a metal frame, how to properly illuminate straight and spiral staircases, as well as recommendations from specialists that must be taken into account during installation.

Technical parameters: the optimal angle of inclination of the stairs and the dimensions of the steps

The type of construction is selected depending on the area of ​​​​location. So, if the free space for installation has dimensions of 1.5 × 1.5 m or more, then a flight ladder is installed. If you need to place a compact structure, a screw version is suitable.

It's important to know! The screw version fits more neatly into any interior, but has one drawback - the inability to move large-sized furniture and things. This is also taken into account when building a structure.

A slope of 25÷33° is considered convenient for walking, but this is not always possible due to the small space. The limit is a tilt angle of 45°. With a smaller slope, a ramp is mounted, and with a larger one, side or even wall ladders are used. About the dimensions of the steps themselves: according to research, the optimal size is 28÷30 cm wide and 16÷18 cm high. These are not empty numbers for example. This size is convenient for the movement of an adult.

When calculating the steps of the stairs, it is taken into account that the width of the march must be more than a meter. Otherwise, it will be inconvenient to move around on it. The exception is screw structures in rooms where there is not enough space for a full span. Do not forget about. They are required with a flight of stairs of three or more steps.

There are enough varieties of such structures. We note the main ones:

• straight spans;
• two-march;
• three-march;
• screw;
• designs on bowstrings;
• with winder steps (90° or 180° turn).

We will return to the types of structures later. It is worth devoting a separate section of today's article to this. But the materials from which they are made should be considered immediately.

Determination of the main technical parameters of the stairs

Such structures are made not only from or metal. Stone, glass or concrete is often used. However, the most widespread are combined options, including several materials.

Useful information! Stone or concrete are not suitable for wooden houses due to their heavy weight. But wooden, metal or glass structures, and especially combined ones, will come in handy. Such designs can decorate any interior.

The only limitation in designing a flight of stairs is the imagination. Bold ideas give amazing results, although fanaticism is useless. As the stairs are made, new ideas can be born that will add uniqueness to the finished product. Experience here is rather harmful, imposing certain limits. A home master, without knowing it, can adhere to the line of a previously created design.

To create a drawing, you can refer to the stairs, which are now quite a few on the Internet. However, the most important is the calculation of the dimensions of the steps of the stairs and its steepness. And for this you should consider various options.

Calculation of a wooden staircase: some nuances of calculations

If you make all the calculations yourself, then the dependence of the length of the horizontal projection of the flight of stairs on the height and angle of inclination can be denoted by the formula:

D = H / tgα , where

• D is the length of the horizontal projection;
• H - height;
• α - tilt angle.

However, there is no need to calculate the values ​​manually. This can lead to an error that can become critical when building a structure. We suggest using the online calculator, which has already included all the necessary formulas. The ladder calculation program will eliminate the human factor and protect against errors.

Design features

1. Marching– differs in reliability of a configuration and simplicity of execution. The design can be represented by one or more marches. To meet ergonomic requirements, each flight should contain no more than 16 steps. In some cases, to reduce the dimensions of the structure, a march turn of 90 or 180 degrees is used.

Primary requirements

The calculation of the stairs to the second floor should begin with the choice of a place for the structure and acquaintance with the individual features of the space. At the initial stage, the following parameters should be taken into account:

1. the size of the flight of stairs;

How to correctly calculate the stairs to the second floor so that it meets all the requirements? Each builder must understand that the size of the steps must be identical, only minimal differences are allowed, no more than 1 cm. The height of the steps is an important characteristic, on which the comfort during the ascent and descent of all residents of the house primarily depends. Most often, this indicator varies from 14 to 20 cm. The optimal depth of the steps is 30-32 cm.

To determine the width of the landing, you can take the width of the march as a basis (minimum 0.9 m). The angle of inclination is another indicator that determines the safety of the flight of stairs. It is generally accepted that the angle of inclination should be no more than 37 degrees. This indicator should be followed by all homeowners, especially if the family has small children and the elderly.

The correct calculation of the stairs implies the presence of fences and railings, again in order to ensure the necessary safety. As part of the calculations, it is necessary to determine the following parameters:

The optimal width of the railing is 100 mm, which is quite enough for comfortable use by both adults and children. It is better to place the railing at a height of 900 mm, which means that the height of the baluster will be 800 mm. The length of the handrail is identical to the length of the flight of stairs and the features of its configuration.

Sample projects

If you are a novice builder and have no idea how to correctly calculate the stairs to the second floor, consider using standard projects. A typical staircase design implies the presence of certain generally accepted standards, thanks to which the structure can be erected in a house of almost any layout and design.

Project documentation will answer the main questions of homeowners, for example, how to calculate the house, where to place the stairs, what kind of stairs to choose. If your house is unique, you have not been able to find a single suitable project, resort to the help of professionals who will easily make the necessary measurements, inspect the premises, and then prepare an individual project for future interfloor communication.

Manufacturing technology

If you are planning the construction of a flight of stairs without the involvement of specialists, we advise you to pay attention to simple designs. Kosoura stairs are ideal for a beginner. Moreover, it is better to use wood as a kosour, that is, a support beam: it is quite easy to work with it, you do not need to use professional equipment and have welding skills. And, of course, natural solid wood stairs are a complete decoration of any interior.

If you started the construction of interfloor communication, you are probably worried about the question of how to correctly calculate the stairs to the second floor. Accurate calculations will help build the most reliable and safe

Any stationary staircase in the house must meet certain standards so that its design can ensure safety, as well as comfortable conditions for moving along it. For this, a wooden staircase to the second floor is calculated, which is not much different from the calculation of a metal or concrete structure. Its correctness depends on many factors, but first of all, it is knowledge and experience, the ability to navigate the standards prescribed in SNiP and GOST.

The main structures of wooden stairs

• support beams, which are bowstrings or stringers;
• support column mounted for screw structures;
• steps, the elements of which are treads and risers;
• railings, consisting of balusters and handrails.

Bowstrings are located on the sides of the stairs and cover the ends of the steps, which are inserted between the support beams with subsequent fixation. Treads with risers, as it were, are recessed into the stair structure. If we talk about the kosour, then the steps are stacked on top of it. There can be no more than two bowstrings in the staircase, and stringers, depending on the width of the march and its design features, can be found from one to three or four (main and intermediate).

The tread is the horizontal part of the step, and the riser is the vertical part. The second component of the step in the design may be absent. Railings serve to support and secure a climbing or descending person.

The calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor depends on its appearance and design features, and the stairs are divided into two main groups:

• curvilinear, including screw and with winder steps;
• marching - straight, with intermediate or turntables, as well as without them.

Which staircase will be installed is determined based on the size of the room, the dimensions of the stairwell and the style decision.

How is the calculation made

First you need to clarify exactly where the ladder will be located, and make the necessary measurements. To do this, determine:

• floor height between the levels of the finished floor;
• the length of the area allocated for the installation of stairs;
• dimensions of the staircase.

The type of ladder structure depends on these parameters. The small size of the opening and the area intended for its installation dictate the need for a spiral staircase, but in this case the calculations will be more difficult. Therefore, we will consider the simplest option - the calculation of stairs on stringers with one march.

At the first stage, the steps of the stairs are calculated - their number and size. The distance between the levels of the finished floor of two floors is taken as the height of the stairs. To determine the number of steps, its indicator is divided by the estimated size of the riser. Its recommended height is 15-18 cm, although the standards allow this size to be reduced to 12 cm or increased to 20 cm. The figure obtained as a result of division is rounded off. This is the estimated number of steps.

It should be noted that in one march there cannot be less than three and more than 18 steps. Upon receipt of a larger figure, it would be better to divide the staircase structure into two or three marches, and provide intermediate or turning platforms between them.

Having finally decided on the number of steps, you can calculate the actual size of the riser. To do this, the height of the stairs is divided by the number of lifts. The result is the calculated step height.

It is important to know that the dimensions of the height and depth of the steps must be the same within the same march. This is done so that the step when moving a person up the stairs does not go astray.

At the second stage, they begin to calculate the width (or depth) of the tread. The standards allow their sizes from 23.50 to 35.50 cm, but the optimal width is 28-32 cm. To more accurately determine this parameter, the formula for calculating the steps of the stairs is used, which indicates that the sum of the height (h) and depth (b) steps in the plan should be 47 cm.

The result obtained is also rounded off and taken as a basis if it satisfies the optimal dimensions.

Ladder length

You can calculate the length of the flight of stairs in a fairly simple way. This will require the previously calculated number of steps in the march, minus one, and their estimated width (or depth). These figures are simply multiplied with each other.

If the length of the stairs turns out to be too large, then it is made 90 or 180 degrees rotary, supplemented with intermediate platforms or running steps.

An important role in the calculation and design of a wooden staircase is played by the height of the gap between the horizontal plane of the step and the lowest part of the ceiling structure located in front of the staircase. The vertical distance here should be more than 1.90-2.00 meters, so that a tall person ascending or descending cannot be accidentally injured.

Treat the calculation of a wooden staircase should be responsibly. Competent design and adherence to installation technology will ensure optimal conditions for its operation.

Stairs to the second floor are found not only in cottages, but also in two-level city apartments. Their competent installation largely depends on the correct determination of the size of the steps and the slope of the flight of stairs. The main thing is to determine the location of the stairs and make the necessary calculation.

For a two-story house or a multi-level apartment, it is very important to choose the right staircase to the second floor. The article talks about the main types of stairs in residential buildings, considers the main materials from which they are made, and gives brief recommendations for calculating the number and height of steps.

Often, an individual order for a staircase design is not a whim of the owner, but a constructive or stylistic necessity. Owners of private buildings, tired of standard apartments, build country houses according to non-standard projects, so the stairs have to be made based on the specific dimensions of the premises.

Calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor - important points

Calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor - important points Any stationary staircase in the house must meet certain standards so that its design can ensure safety,

Any multi-level room is equipped with a staircase. I must say that these elements were built in the distant past. So, for example, prescriptions for the construction of stairs can be found in ancient Egyptian writings. Today, builders have a fairly extensive practical experience in the construction of these small architectural forms. Next, we will analyze in detail how to make a staircase to the second floor. The article will give some standards, as well as talk about methods for calculating the necessary parameters.

What parameters are included in the calculation?

The stairs to the second floor can be made in various shapes. However, any plan should be based on the optimal dimensions of the march. Properly selected dimensions will create comfort and convenience during the descent and ascent. Of course, the most acceptable option can be considered a spacious and gentle staircase. But, as a rule, circumstances dictate a number of restrictions on the choice of basic parameters. These, in particular, should include the height, width and total number of steps, the angle of inclination, the height of the rise, the type of structure and its area in the plan. All these parameters cannot be determined independently of each other, since they are interrelated elements. So, for example, the area in the plan is given by the angle of inclination and the height of the rise.

The maximum height of this element is considered to be 220 mm. In the process of designing a conventional (simple) wooden staircase on stringers, it is necessary to measure the height from the floor on the lower floor to the floor on the upper one. Back in 1672, an engineer and architect from France, Blondel, proposed the ratio:

In it, the value S is taken as the average step. This indicator is in the range of 600-640 mm. With this in mind, the above formula can be converted to the following inequality:

Acceptable from a practical point of view, the lower result of the rise of the step will be: a \u003d 400 mm, h \u003d 120 mm, slope - 17 degrees. If the angle is smaller, then the structure will take the form of a ramp (sloping sloping platform). The upper optimal value will be: a = 200 mm, h = 220 mm, slope - 48 degrees. But within these limits it is not the most convenient design. It will be convenient to move along such a ladder only facing the steps. As you know, the descent is more dangerous than the ascent. Therefore, the ease of movement must be evaluated in relation to the downward movement.

Stairs to the second floor can be designed in different sizes. Let's consider several options. H = 3050 mm will be taken as the height between floors. Next, you need to determine the rise of the steps (h). This is done by dividing H by their likely number. The options may be:

• With 19 lifts: h = H / n = 3050 / 19 = 160.5 mm.
• At 18: h will be equal to 3050 divided by 18. You get 169.4 mm.
• At 17: h is 3050 divided by 17. The result is 179.4 mm.

Then the line of travel is taken: A \u003d 5 m. Its length should not be less than the value of the height between floors (H). Otherwise, the stairs will be steep. In this example, A (5000) > H (3050). With n = 18 a (tread) = 5000 / (n - 1). We end up with 294 mm. (n - 1) is the actual number of steps minus one. Why exactly this value? This becomes clear if we take into account that the first step is located at floor level. Next, calculate the step size using the Blondel formula above: 169 x 2 + 294 = 632 (mm). If we recall the range of values ​​​​of 600-640 mm, it becomes clear that the parameter lies within the acceptable limits for the average human step. This determines the height of the riser and the width of the tread for comfortable movement. However, these data are not enough to install a safe and comfortable staircase.

Walk and march lines

When designing, the so-called horizontal projection of the expected movement of a person along the steps is taken into account. This parameter shows, in other words, the line of motion (A). It lies at a distance of 300 to 500 mm from the inner border of the stairs. This average size determines the ease of use of the handrail. Adults will be farther from the railing, and children, respectively, closer. In some cases, this size is neglected. For example, with a direct march. In this case, the edges of the steps will be parallel. If we take 1000 millimeters for the width of the stairs, then A (travel line) will coincide with the middle line of the march. If the size is greater than the specified value, then an offset will occur. In particular, the travel line will move towards the handrail. Next, you should take a plumb line and chalk. With the help of these simple tools, you need to draw the intended line (or several) of the move. You need to draw on the floor. The size should be fixed with a tape measure and then correlated with the height of the stairs. If the travel line is 1.7 times larger, then the slope will be 30 degrees. Then the value of A should be divided by (n-1) for each proposed stair riser.

March width

To build a staircase to the second floor so that it is convenient to move along it, it is necessary to take into account a number of important points. One of them is the width of the march. This indicator is determined in accordance with the throughput of the structure. In other words, the parameter sets how many people can pass in a minute at the narrowest point of the stairs, and provides for the comfortable movement of an adult. Building codes for intra-apartment structures determine this min value of 9000 mm. This dimension is equal to the distance from the outer edge of the stairs to the wall or between the railing on the right and left. For luxury homes, this figure is in the range of 12,500-16,000 mm.

Climb angle

In construction practice, this indicator, as a rule, is in the range of 20-50 degrees. An angle of 30-45˚ is considered the best option. The choice of the indicator determines the margin for a distance (critical height) of at least 2000 mm from any of the steps to the ceiling or some protruding element of the structure (parapet, beams, etc.).

The manufacture of stairs to the second floor is carried out in accordance with generally accepted standards. Invitation steps have the following dimensions: H 220x400x1400, R 200 and H 220x400x1200, R200. Elements with a fillet (plinth) R 12.5 are produced. The calculation of the winder triangular step is carried out similarly to a rectangular one. Subsequently, the desired shape is cut out of it. It is recommended to order rectangular elements, since the cost will be the same, and trimmings may come in handy. Large steps can be made from a furniture board with dimensions of 38x1000x1000, 38x1200x1200, 38x1100x1100, 38x700x1500, 38x500x1500, 38x500x2000, 38x400x2000 millimeters. They are also used for arranging staircases. The risers are made with a thickness of 18 mm. The width of the elements is 120 or 180 mm. The length can be from 900 to 1400 mm. The facing board has a thickness of 18 mm. The dimensions of these elements are: 350x3500, 350x3000, 350x2500, 350x2000, 350x1500, 350x1000, 300x2000, 200x2000 mm. For the construction of stairs, a bar with a section of 100 * 100 or 80 * 80 mm is required. Parts are produced with a length of 3000, 2500, 2000, 1200 mm.

Making stairs to the second floor

First of all, you should make a drawing. It must indicate all the dimensions of the proposed design. Before you make a staircase to the second floor, you should take measurements. It is logical that the distance between floors should be taken as the height of the structure. To correctly calculate the stairs to the second floor, you need to estimate the number of steps. These elements have a horizontal plane (tread) and a vertical plane (riser). The last one is the lift height. Elements can be both with a riser and without it. It is not difficult to calculate the stairs to the second floor as a whole. It is better to start by calculating the optimal height of the steps. As practice shows, the most acceptable size is in the range of 150-200 mm. You can, for example, take the last value. Suppose the height between floors is 2700 mm. Divide it by 200. As a result, we get 13 steps. According to SNiP for public and residential premises, the width of the tread is set at 30, and the height of the steps is 14.8 cm.

Design

Before you make a staircase to the second floor, you should place the structure on the floor. This is done so that it becomes clear how it will be installed in the room. For the width of the tread, 250 mm is taken (the size can be any of the range of 250-300 mm). This value is multiplied by 13 steps. The projection size will eventually be 3250 mm. Lastly, before making a staircase to the second floor, its length is calculated. To do this, use the Pythagorean theorem. The height will correspond to the square root of the folded squares of the legs in a right triangle. As a result, we get 3260 mm.

Since we are building a staircase to the second floor in such a way that it is convenient for all family members to move along it, we should carefully approach the creation of all its elements. For stringers, you will need a beam with a section of 140 * 60 mm. 13 steps are made of boards, the thickness of which is 30-40 mm. The risers will be thinner. Boards with a thickness of about 25-30 mm are suitable for them. In accordance with the size of the room, the length of the step is determined. When arranging a flight of stairs, it must be taken into account that on a site with a width of less than a meter, some inconvenience may occur during assembly and subsequent operation.

Training

Before you make a staircase to the second floor, it is recommended to carefully check all the dimensions, the availability of the necessary elements and tools once again. All parts should be cleaned with sandpaper immediately before starting work. End surfaces should be given special attention. The parts will be connected with stainless screws. Before joining, the surfaces of the parts should be coated with PVA glue or Bustilat. After assembly, the elements are stained. After waiting for it to dry, you should cover the parts with a waterproof transparent varnish in several layers. Drying oil is recommended to be applied before assembly begins. To protect the elements from impregnation and varnish, they should be sealed with masking tape. For design and assembly, it is recommended to consult with an experienced craftsman, since it will be quite problematic to make a staircase to the second floor without some skills.

original solution

Quite popular in recent years are spiral staircases to the second floor. In general, this design can occupy no more than two square meters. If we compare the size with a standard mid-flight ladder, then the space savings are very noticeable. For comfortable movement, however, in any case, it is necessary to determine the optimal width of the steps and the height of the rise. Spiral staircases to the second floor are considered quite economical. Since they do not take up as much space as marching ones, and have their own characteristics, the material for their construction is required several times less.

Optimal dimensions

For comfortable movement, the width of the structure should be within 0.8-0.9 m. You can take 3 meters for the height. The design must include a central support. Its diameter is 0.2 m. Where to start the calculations? First of all, you should calculate the diameter of the stairs. How to do it? The size corresponds to the sum of the span width, doubled, and the diameter of the median (central) pillar. In numbers, it looks like this: 0.9 x 2 + 0.2. It turns out 2 m. Climbing the stairs, a person, as a rule, keeps approximately in the center of the span. In other words, this is a line that runs through the middle of the steps. The next step is to calculate the lifting radius. In numbers, it looks like this: 0.45 + 0.1. The desired size is found by adding 1/2 the length of the step and the radius of the support. As a result, we get 0.55 m. For a spiral staircase, a small tread depth at the middle support, increasing in the direction from the center, will be optimal. For calculations, you should take the average value. It will be equal to 22 cm. The stairs can have several turns, you need to calculate the number of steps for each of them. To do this, the length of the trajectory of a person's movement is divided by the average width of the element. This is done using the formula for finding the circumference of a circle - L = 2 πr. In numbers, it looks like this: 2 x 3.14 x 0.55: 0.22. The result - 15.7 - should be rounded down - up to 15. This is the number of stairs.

How to make the design ergonomic?

Each turn of the stairs must have an appropriate height, and calculated so that when climbing, no one hits his head on the upper steps. If we take the average height of a person as 180 cm, about 15-20 cm must be added to this number (“for peace of mind”). So we get 195 cm, for example. This is the distance between the 1st and the last stage of the coil. These 195 cm should be divided by the number of elements. They, as we found out, will be 15. Thus, we get 13 cm. This is the height of 1 step. Now let's calculate the number of elements specifically for this design. The total height of the stairs is divided by the size of the element: 300: 13. As a result, we get 23.07. This value should be rounded up. It turns out as a result of 23 pieces. You can clarify the height of the step by calculating the opposite: 300: 23. The result is a little more than 13 cm. Thus, the design has a total length of 300 cm, the height of the step is just over 13 cm. The number of elements in this case is 23 pcs. You can buy step blanks. The dimensions of the elements, as a rule, are 30 * 110 and 40 * 80 cm. Their thickness is 40 mm. From blanks, you can cut out various steps in the form of a trapezoid, give them the necessary shape and roundness.

How to make a staircase to the second floor? Calculation and design of stairs to the second floor

Any multi-level room is equipped with a staircase. I must say that these elements were built in the distant past. So, for example, prescriptions for the construction of stairs can be found in ancient Egyptian writings. Today, builders have a fairly extensive practical experience in the construction of these small architectural forms.

How to properly measure and calculate a wooden staircase to the second floor?

A stationary staircase installed in a private house or apartment must meet certain standards. Only in this case it will be safe, as well as provide comfortable conditions for moving along it. To do this, you should correctly calculate the stairs to the second floor, which is practically no different from the calculation of a concrete or metal structure. The accuracy of calculating the stairs to the second floor depends on a large number of factors: the personal experience and knowledge of the master, the ability to navigate the standards specified in GOSTs and SNiPs.

Only a correctly calculated and well-designed staircase structure will fully comply with all standards. Such a ladder will be safe to use, reliable and comfortable when descending or ascending.

The main parameters used to calculate a wooden staircase

Before you measure a wooden structure, you should determine the list of parameters that will affect the design of the stairs. Some values ​​\u200b\u200bcan be calculated using an ordinary meter or viewed in a table with standard indicators. Other quantities require independent calculation.

If you think, then you should pay attention to the following characteristics:

1. Opening height. This concept refers to the height from floor to ceiling, measured in a straight vertical line.
2. Opening length. This indicator is measured along a diagonal line, starting from the edge of the opening and up to the location of the first step.
3. The total number of steps.
4. Step width.
5. Ladder width. The optimal size, according to experts, is a width equal to 100 centimeters. If necessary, it can be reduced, but it should not be less than 80 centimeters.
6. Tread depth. In other words, this is the width of the step where a person will put his foot during the descent or ascent. On average, the value should be from 23 to 28 centimeters.
7. Riser height or step height. The optimal size is from 17 to 22 centimeters. This distance is measured between two adjacent treads.
8. The height of the handrails should be from 90 to 100 centimeters. This size is suitable for comfortable movement on the stairs.
9. The thickness of the steps directly depends on the type of wood used.

How to properly measure a wooden structure

Before starting work, you should choose a place where the structure will be located. After that, you can begin to perform the necessary measurements.

So, you should define:

1. Height between floor levels.
2. The length of the site that was allocated for the construction of the staircase.
3. Dimensions of the staircase.

Remember that these parameters depend on the selected type of ladder structure. If the opening and the area allotted for the staircase are too small, then screw models should be preferred. The simplest are stairs with one march on the stringers. Using their example, we will consider how to properly measure a wooden structure on our own.

Calculation of the number of steps for stairs to the second floor

At the very initial stage, the calculation of the number and size of the steps is performed. The height of the stairs is taken as the distance between two floors. When counting the number of steps, the height of the stairs is divided by the size of the riser.

Calculation of stairs to the second floor

According to experts, the height of the riser should be in the range of 15 to 18 centimeters. If necessary, this size can be reduced to 12 centimeters or increased to 20 centimeters. If the result of division is a fractional value, then it should be rounded. The result obtained will reflect the number of steps that is necessary for the construction of stairs to the second floor.

How to properly measure a wooden structure

Remember, one march should not have less than three or more than eighteen steps. If you get a greater number of steps, then they should be divided into several marches, and between them make turning or intermediate platforms.

In order for the step of a person moving up the stairs not to go astray, the depth and height of the steps must be the same throughout the entire march.

Calculation of the height of steps according to GOST

What parameters should be considered when calculating the stairs to the second floor

Calculation of the length of the stairs to the second floor

The calculation of the stairs to the second floor, namely its length, is performed on the basis of a very simple method. To do this, you need to take the previously calculated number of steps in the march. Subtract one step from this value. You will also need the depth of the step. These two parameters should be multiplied.

How to properly measure a wooden structure with a fence

In the event that the length of the ladder structure is too long, then it should be turned 90 or 180 degrees. You can supplement the design with running steps or intermediate platforms.

Staircase to the second floor with a turn

Before you properly measure a wooden structure, remember that the height of the clearance is of great importance to the calculations. It is determined by measuring the space between the horizontal plane of the step and the lower ceiling part.

This parameter must be more than 190 or 200 centimeters. Only in this case, a tall person rising will not be injured during movement.

Photo of a comfortable and safe staircase to the second floor

Remember, you need to carefully and carefully calculate the stairs to the second floor. This work should be treated with full responsibility.

All elements of the stairs that need to be calculated

If you do not know how to properly measure a wooden structure, you should seek help from professionals. Only careful observance of all technological aspects of installation and design will allow obtaining optimal conditions for its further operation.

Photo of a beautiful staircase to the second floor

Turning to professionals for help, customers are guaranteed to receive high-quality and reliable stairs. Moving along which will be not only convenient, but also safe.

Features of the correct calculation and measurement of the staircase to the second floor

The correct calculation and measurement of all elements of the staircase to the second floor guarantees its further safety during operation. For work

Ladder- this is one of the most important structures in any private house, as it is the basis for free movement between floors. When choosing a project, craftsmen are often guided only by the economic and aesthetic side of the problem, often neglecting construction and design norms and rules. However, ignoring such an important component in many cases leads to the fact that the product is unstable, unsafe and uncomfortable.

The efficient construction service KALC.PRO offers to perform an automated calculation of stairs online using a 3D calculator, as a result of which you will receive everything you need to mount the structure: a comprehensive estimate, a complete set of drawings and an interactive model for a better visual experience. The stair design software calculates the parameters of all elements and provides some recommendations based on the provisions of SNiP, GOST and TU which are used for the manufacture of wooden structures.

The program is easy to use and does not require special engineering skills - all fields of the calculator are intuitive, and the help includes illustrations with the notation of individual elements. Each calculation is accompanied by an assessment of the resulting structure and if incorrect values ​​are entered - in case of critical deviations, the calculation will stop and a pop-up window will show in which field the error was made, if the deviation is insignificant, recommendations will be provided where to apply the correction.

Use the calculator for calculating the wooden stairs to the second floor to create a really reliable and convenient design. For 5 years of work, we have helped to realize over 3000 projects for residents of Russia, the CIS and Europe.

Why are our stair calculators better?

Close cooperation with ladder manufacturers

Highest detail drawings and 3D models

Final report with a list of required materials

Ready estimate for the manufacture of the structure by the contractor

Technical support helps when working with the calculator

Positive feedback and a large number of completed projects

Unlike other online staircase calculator sites, our project has a number of undeniable advantages and these are not empty words, since you can personally verify all these statements in practice.

• Constructor functionality. You can design a structure of any type and choose the features of fastening elements. If invalid values ​​are entered, the calculation stop and a warning with an error will be displayed, on other resources - the calculation will be made in any case.
• Recommendations. Our calculator provides recommendations for many structural elements, for example, you will find out the optimal parameters: the angle of inclination, the height of the steps, the width of the step board, the width of the tread, the width of the stairs, the width of the stringers (upper, intermediate, lower). On other sites - tilt angle only .
• . Our development department works closely with real ladder manufacturers, so we pay more attention to detailing and fixing individual components. Professionals and private companies use our tool everywhere .
• Ready estimate. As a result of the calculation, the user receives a final report, which contains all the necessary drawings, a 3D model in the selected projection and a ready estimate for the manufacture of stairs, with a detailed description quantities of materials . On other sites - only the dimensions of the elements.
• Graphics. Most visitors choose our site, including because of the presence of high-quality well-designed graphics. In addition to the fact that the drawings are as close as possible to the standards of technical documentation, the projection of individual elements on the diagram is selected in such a way that when cutting, the fiber direction wood (seam of glued boards).
• . If you are having difficulty using the calculator or have questions regarding the resulting calculation, we will look into the situation and we will try to answer for any constructive questions 24/7.
• Personal Area. Also on our website there is a convenient personal account in which the results of the calculation of stairs or any other structure are saved - you never lose your project, and you can also download the download at any time, regardless of the time of the operation.

Every month we receive dozens of positive feedback and thanks from the users of the KALC.PRO project. On the page " Reviews» there are ready-made designs of structures made on the basis of the calculations of our tools.

Constructor features

The service provides a large number of proven tools, using which you can create a convenient, reliable and safe design. In its calculations, the 3D staircase designer algorithm takes into account the data of SNiP 21-01-97 (SP 112.13330.2011) "Fire safety of buildings and structures", SNiP 31-02-2001 (SP 55.13330.2010) "Single-apartment residential houses", SNiP 2.08 .01-89 "Residential buildings", SNiP 2.08.02-89 (SP 118.13330.2011) "Public buildings and structures", SNiP 2.01.07-85 (SP 20.13330.2010) "Loads and impacts", GOST 23120-78 "Mid-flight stairs, platforms and steel railings", etc.

At the moment, the calculation of the following types of wooden structures is available in the program:

• straight staircase (on stringers, on bowstrings);
• stairs with winder steps at 90 ° (two-flight);
• stairs with winder steps at 180° (two-flight);
• stairs with winder steps 180 ° (three-flight);
• stairs with a 90° turntable (two-flight);
• stairs with a 180° turntable (two-flight);
• stairs with a 180° turntable (three-flight).

In addition, we also have calculation of metal stairs- perhaps you will be interested in the design on a broken stringer (zigzag) ?!

Among the main features of the calculator, it is necessary to highlight ( - only on KALC.PRO) :

• Units. Ability to select units of measurement (mm, cm, m, inches, feet), as well as their automatic translation in calculator fields and results without recalculation by the user.
• Drawing color. Possibility to choose color or monochrome rendering of drawings. It can be useful for persons with disabilities and, if necessary, to increase the contrast of individual elements.
• Ladder option. Possibility to choose the side of entry to the stairs (right or left).
• Mounting of rotary steps. Possibility to choose the type of fastening of the rotary steps to the support column (thorn-groove connection, connection with a section of the support column).
• opening parameters. Classic fields for entering the parameters of the opening (height, length, width).
• Opening definition. In calculators, it is possible to select the direction (segment) along the outer edge of the stairs (upper, intermediate or lower flight), which will be taken as the length of the opening. The characteristics of the stairs directly depend on this parameter.
• Step calculationstairs. Depending on the calculator, you need to enter the number of upper, intermediate and lower steps, their thickness and protrusion. It is also necessary to specify whether to consider the upper step below the level of the second floor or not.
• risers. It is possible to indicate whether the installation of risers is required and, if so, what thickness they will have.
• Kosoura(for stairs on the stringer). You must enter the thickness and width of the stringer.
• bowstring(for ladders on a bowstring). You must enter the thickness and width of the bowstring. We also take into account the stock of the heel and the stock of the width of the bowstring (front, back), and the drawings are presented in two projections.
• Support beams. You must enter the thickness and width of the stiffening beams.
• Support pillars. You must enter the value of the section side of the support column.
• Stair railing. Fields for entering the parameters of the enclosing elements of the stairs: handrails (thickness, width, height), balusters (section side).
• Floor slab. Fields for entering floor parameters (protrusion above the opening, offset from the wall, thickness).
• Wall. Optional field, necessary for better visual perception.

A well-executed staircase project to the second floor in a private house will save a significant amount of time and money on the manufacture of the structure.

Calculation results

As a result of calculating the stairs online, you get a comprehensive estimate with the optimal consumption of materials (quantity, volume) and detailed characteristics of each structural element. However, the most important thing is that the convenience of the building will be assessed according to the following parameters: the angle of inclination of the stairs, the width of the stairs, the number of steps, the height of the steps, the depth of the tread, the minimum width of the kosour / bowstring); after which you can adjust the parameters and make the final decision on the need to use this type of stairs.

Calculations are based on classical mathematical logic using simple geometric formulas, so calculation errors are minimized, however, it should be taken into account rounding numbers when displaying dimensions on drawings. There is a direct relationship that determines that the accuracy of displaying the calculation result is higher when using units of lower order, that is, for millimeters, the error will be no more than 0.1 mm, and when choosing centimeters - ~ 1 mm, etc.

It should also be noted some features when transferring dimensions from drawings to a real design. First, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the cut, which has physical dimensions and is several millimeters wide. Secondly, we must not forget about the cumulative error, an example of which can be demonstrated as follows.

A staircase was calculated (in centimeters) with 10 steps with an opening height of 162.5 cm - as a result, in the drawings, the height of each step turned out to be 16.3 cm. However, you can see if you make a reverse calculation by steps, you get 16.3 cm 10 = 163 cm, which is actually 0.5 cm higher than the height of the opening. This situation arises due to the fact that when drawing on the drawings, the values ​​\u200b\u200bare rounded to the first decimal place, i.e. under the number 16.3 cm, the value 16.25 cm was “hidden”. To reduce such errors to a minimum should be calculated in millimeters however, in some situations it will still be necessary to adjust the outermost elements of the structure when mounting in height.

Staircase drawing with dimensions

Stair drawings are an essential component of any project documentation, as they allow you to fix the design features of the elements and their connections. They also provide an opportunity to pre-evaluate the parameters of individual components of the structure in practice. That is, by making templates from cheaper materials, such as cardboard or paper, you can eliminate error initially and save a significant amount of money on materials.

However, you should not assume that you can draw a staircase diagram yourself without proper experience in drawing and designing. Without special training, you are unlikely to be able to withstand the dimensions of the drawings, maintain accuracy down to a fraction of millimeters, and at the same time be accurate, while maintaining the readability of each element. Professional computer programs AutoCAD, Compass-3D, CorelDRAW, etc. cost a considerable amount of money, in addition, without proper work skills, it will take a lot of time to at least learn the basics.

The KALC.PRO service eliminates unnecessary difficulties and provides ready-made drawings of wooden stairs based on the user's entered data. Our schemes are distinguished by excellent elaboration of individual nodal connections and the whole picture as a whole, you can independently evaluate the high quality of graphics and compare it with other services.

3D model

A 3D staircase model allows you to view the resulting structure in real proportions and evaluate the prospects for using the current project. Unlike drawings, a 3D model is not designed to produce structural elements, but it is able to visually convey the general idea of ​​an object down to the smallest detail.

On our website, the rendering of a 3D staircase project is based on the user's entered data with absolute accuracy. without any distortion or error. Scaling and camera control is done with the mouse - the left and right keys, respectively. A three-dimensional model can be downloaded in the selected projection on the stairs calculator tab in PNG format, there is also the ability to download graphics in OBJ format (supported by Autodesk 3ds Max, AutoCAD, ArchiCAD, PC LIRA ...) for further editing.

How to calculate the stairs online on the calculator?

To perform the calculation of stairs with drawings on the online calculator, you must go to the tab of the corresponding design and fill in all the fields, based on the available parameters of the opening. However, first we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the proposed video, which describes in detail all the steps of working in the program and provides professional advice, who is engaged in the manufacture of stairs personally.

Calculation of stairs online on the calculator from KALC.PRO is confidence in the quality of the structures being built due to the high accuracy of the operations performed.

How to make a comfortable staircase?

The choice of staircase design depends to a greater extent on the parameters of the opening and to a lesser extent on one’s own preferences, since redevelopment is excluded in the prevailing number of private houses and one has to adapt to existing conditions. At the same time, the main task of the master is reduced to the most rational use of the available space in order to achieve the optimal characteristics of the stairs, which will ensure high ergonomics of the structure as a whole.

Accordingly, it is possible to single out some directly proportional dependence, the arguments of which are the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe structure in projection onto the surface of the floor / ceiling and the conditional coefficient of convenience. The correlation occurs according to the principle - the larger the occupied area, the greater the comfort a person will experience when moving between levels. In descending order of comfort, sorting looks like this:

• stairs are straight;
• stairs with a platform;
• winder stairs;
• combined stairs;
• spiral stairs.

Thus, mid-flight stairs are recognized as the best structures, then combined ones and, lastly, spiral ones.

In the case of choosing classic designs on a stringer or bowstring, it is necessary to pay increased attention to the overall slope of the stairs, the calculation of the steps, the height of the fences, etc. The list of all recommendations and rules is quite extensive, but among the most significant it is worth noting the following values:

• angle of inclination of stairs from 30° to 45°;
• the number of steps per march should vary from 3 to 16 and be odd so that the first and last steps are on one foot;
• recommended step height - 12-20 cm, optimal - 15-18 cm;
• width (depth) of steps - 27-30 cm;
• the height of the railing should not be less than 90 cm, in the presence of children it is better to increase it to 150 cm;
• the safe interval for installing balusters is 10-15 cm.

Compliance with these and other recommended parameters is extremely important - comfort during movement and safety, minimization of the occupied area, compliance with fire safety requirements, and the capacity of the staircase structure depend on them. Each online stair calculation calculator from KALC.PRO evaluates structures and provides some recommendations that can be viewed in the corresponding block of the report.

Rice. 1 General drawing of stairs

• Y - opening height - usually determined by the height of the floors of your house
• X - the length of the opening - depends on how much space you can allocate in your house for the stairs
• W - the width of the stairs - depends on how much space you can allocate in your house for the stairs
• Z - the thickness of the steps - the geometric parameter of the material (for example, boards) from which you plan to build a staircase
• F - protrusion of steps - the distance by which the upper step will hang over the lower one
• A - thickness of the bowstring - a geometric parameter of the material (for example, pipes) from which you plan to make the bowstring of the stairs
• B - support thickness - a geometric parameter of the material (for example, pipes) from which you plan to make stair supports
• H - the height of the step above the bowstring - the vertical distance between the step and the bowstring
• D - size - the distance at which the step will hang over the support in the direction of ascent
• U - the angle of inclination of the support to the vertical
• C - number of steps - how many steps will you take most comfortably to move from floor to floor

"Upper step below floor 2nd floor: SP" function

Rice. 2 Execution of stairs with the upper step below the floor 2 floors

Depending on the mutual placement of the structure and the floor of the upper floor:

1. The top plane of the top step is flush with the plane of the floor of the top floor;
2. The upper plane of the upper step is lower than the floor plane of the upper floor by the height of the step.

The choice of this or that mutual placement may depend on: the thickness of the interfloor ceilings, the desired relationship between the number of steps and their height, the length of the blanks for the stringers and the length of the opening, the desired angle of inclination of the stairs, or simply the tastes and preferences of the owner of the house. Please note that in the figure, in which the upper step is below the floor of the 2nd floor, the thickness of the interfloor overlap is greater than in the figure, in which the upper step is at the floor level of the 2nd floor. If the thickness of the floor is less than the height of the step, the stringer simply does not rest against the floor (therefore, when demonstrating the second option, this thickness had to be increased).

"Black and white drawing:" function

Rice. 2 Black and white drawing of stairs

It is useful to use this function in two cases:

1. If you are used to working with standard GOST drawings, and, accordingly, better perceive graphics without color filling
2. If you are going to print the results of the calculator. Then you will spend less paint / toner and the visual perception of the drawings on paper will be better. And, of course, this function is used when printing on a black and white printer.

"Change lift direction: LR" function

Rice. 4 View of stairs with different directions of ascent

A specific staircase, which is placed in a certain way in the house, can be approached from the side from two sides or only from one side - when the staircase is in contact with the wall. In the latter case, there are two options for placing the structure relative to the observer:

1. Rise from left to right;
2. Climb right to left.

This function allows you to visualize both of these options.

Calculation of metal stairs

The main result of this calculator:

1. Information required for the manufacture of bowstrings and supports
2. Information required for the manufacture of steps

According to this information, the parts from which the structure is assembled are made, and the calculation of the frame of the iron staircase is also performed.

All other drawings show the final view of the structure: after joining the bowstrings, supports and steps with each other.

A feature of this calculator is the implementation of two functions:

1. Evaluation of the convenience of the stairs;
2. Adjustment of the design of the stairs.

The assessment of the convenience of the stairs is carried out according to three criteria:

1. Compliance with the design of the average stride length. According to this criterion, the sum of step depth and two step heights should equal the average step length. The average human step length is 63 cm.
2. Step depth. Comfortable step depth - from 28 cm. With a given opening length, you can adjust the step depth by changing the protrusion. The calculation of the steps of a metal staircase is carried out thanks to a convenient calculator.
3. The angle of the stairs. The optimal angle of inclination of the stairs is from 30° to 40°. At angles of inclination from 20° to 30° and from 40° to 45°, the comfort level of moving between floors is significantly reduced. Slope angles outside the above limits can significantly affect the speed of movement between floors and the level of safety of the stairs, as well as the amount of metal used in the work.

Based on the results of evaluating a specific design, an indicator of the level of convenience is issued for each of the criteria, and the stairs are assigned an overall level of convenience. The online metal stair calculator evaluates whether a stair meets well-known criteria for convenience, but you should always remember that your stair in your home should serve your purpose as effectively as possible. And if, in accordance with these goals, you need to build the most non-standard staircase in the world, also with your own hands - go for it.

If there is a need to improve the design of the stairs, the calculator gives advice on how to do this:

1. Decrease/increase the number of steps;
2. Increase the protrusion of the steps (if the depth of the steps is insufficient for comfortable walking);
3. Decrease / increase the length of the opening.

After the design is corrected, the normalized parameters will become closer to the ideal, but it is possible that such an adjustment will have to be carried out several more times.

Instructions for the metal staircase calculator

In order to calculate a straight metal staircase using this calculator, you need to know the height of the floor, the size of the space that you can allocate for the stairs, the materials from which you are going to build it, and, of course, the purpose of its use.

Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully consider all the nuances: whether the staircase adjoins the wall, or is in contact with the interior elements of the house, and how this should affect the structure itself and the process of its construction. Perhaps, in order to select the correct option in terms of size and design, you will have to use a calculator to calculate and compare several. Before starting to process the material, make sure that the detail drawings correspond to the ladder that is right for you and your purposes. When building, attach the parts to each other, and the staircase itself to the house so that you can guarantee the reliability and strength of the structure for decades.

Ladders on metal bowstrings presented on our website can be divided into categories according to four mutually dependent criteria:

1. Length dimension

but. Maximum length - all steps are placed on the same march;

b. Medium length - steps are placed on two marches;

2. Width dimension

but. Maximum width - the steps are placed on two marches, the width dimension is regulated by changing the number of steps on the corresponding pair of bowstrings;

b. Average width - the steps are placed on two parallel marches, the width dimension is equal to two widths of the stairs;

in. Minimum width - all steps are placed on the same march, the width dimension is equal to the width of the stairs;

3. The complexity of manufacturing

but. Easy to make - made from bowstrings and rectangular steps;

b. The average complexity of manufacturing - is made from bowstrings, rectangular steps and platforms;

4. By the type of bowstrings and the fastening of the steps to them, the stairs are divided into two categories:

but. On supports - the bowstring is a solid beam, to which supports for steps are attached;

b. With a zigzag bowstring - the bowstring consists of many mutually perpendicular parts located horizontally and vertically.

In each specific situation, the height of the floor is already set. Based on your own preferences, you can choose the level of convenience: either the convenience criteria are met, or the stairs are flatter, or steeper, etc. With this information, you can talk about the number of lifts (steps and platforms) in a particular situation .

How to calculate a metal staircase in an online calculator with drawings?

Imagine that we have, for example, 13 lifts - steps and platforms. The design of the stairs is the shape of these rises (steps, platforms) and how these 13 rises are placed relative to each other. The calculation of a metal staircase in our calculator is carried out in the following ways.

It is possible to place all these 13 rises in one row along the length of the opening - “Metal staircase”, ““. In this case, your stairs will have a maximum dimension in length, a minimum dimension in width and will not be difficult to manufacture. You can calculate the metal staircase to the second floor using a convenient and intuitive program.

You can place these 13 rises in 2 rows, rotated relative to each other by 90 ° (when viewed from above) - ““, “” (for example, 4 steps on the lower march, a platform and 8 steps on the upper march). In these cases, your staircase will have an average length dimension and an adjustable width dimension. The calculation of the steps of a metal staircase will help to correctly calculate the amount of material that will be needed to complete this work.

These 13 rises can be placed in 2 parallel (when viewed from above) rows placed side by side - "°", "" (for example, 4 steps on the lower march, a platform and 8 steps on the upper march). In these cases, your stairs will have an average dimension in length and an average dimension in width.

Stairs are an important and responsible attribute in every home. They must provide comfort, reliability and safety for every resident. It is desirable that the staircase structure takes up little space in its area. And in order for it to meet all standards, you need to design it correctly.

How to calculate a ladder: the basics

The most common material for the manufacture of stairs is wood. It is considered the "warmest" and pliable material, which should be handled very carefully. The most common types of wood are beech, oak, ash, birch, larch and pine.

To make calculations for any type of stairs, you must first determine three dimensions. First, you need to determine the level of the clean floor and then measure the height of the structure along the wall from it. Secondly, its length should be measured, starting from the wall and ending with the expected completion of the span. And thirdly, you need to find the length of the flight of stairs, resorting to the Pythagorean theorem. In this case, the lengths of the legs are the found dimensions of the height and length of the stairs; in this case, you need to find the hypotenuse of the resulting right-angled triangle, i.e. march length.

To make it comfortable to walk up the stairs, the depth of the steps should be about 30 cm, and the height - about 16 cm.

Knowing the dimensions of the steps, it is necessary to divide the length of the flight of stairs by these dimensions, and their number will be obtained.

For convenience, you need, the width of which is at least 80-90 cm. If it is intended for household purposes, i.e. leads to the basement, then it is better to make it about 120 cm. If the structure is directed to the attic room, then it can be made narrower, about 70-80 cm.

Should be 40-45°. The most comfortable is the ladder design, which is inclined at an angle of 45 °. But due to the fact that it takes up a lot of space, it is rarely used in construction. You can also choose an acute angle of inclination of 30-36 °, especially since such a design will take no more than two meters on the floor. Climbing up this setting will be convenient, and you can only go down backwards due to the steepness of the slope.

Back to index

Stair calculation

Would need:

• selected low knotted wood for bowstrings.

Let us consider in more detail how to correctly calculate. Any staircase design consists of marches and platforms. It is important that the width of the platforms is not less than the width of the march. Marches consist of steps and load-bearing beams, which are called bowstrings or stringers. They are made from thick and wide boards, the cross section of which is 80-100x200-250 mm, or they are made from two narrower boards.

Steps consist of treads and risers, the width of which should be correctly calculated. The steepness of the stairs, as well as the convenience of walking along it, is determined precisely by the ratio of their sizes. It is necessary that the person's foot should completely stand on the tread, i.e. this is an average of about 30 cm, and the step length was on average 60-70 cm, which means that the height of the riser is 14-16 cm. In this case, the following formula for calculation applies: the sum of two risers plus the width of the tread is equal to the length of the average step of a person. Given the thickness of the tread of 3 cm, it turns out that one step occupies 30 cm horizontally and 15-18 cm vertically.

The resulting numbers are necessary to calculate the stairs for the house correctly. Let's give an example, if the height between the first and second floors is 3 meters, and one step is 30 cm by 15-18 cm, then you get 17-20 risers. In this case, the last step is the floor on the second floor. Next, you need to divide the height of the ladder structure by an integer in this range. It is better if it is even, and you get the exact height of the step, consisting of the thickness of the tread and the width of the riser. Let's say you need to make 18 steps, then the height of the step will be 300:18 = 16.7 cm. This design should be divided into two flights of stairs and be sure to make it with a turn.

Back to index

How to make a turn

In a staircase, a turn can be done in three ways. One of them is for the spiral staircase, which is one big turn. It is very compact and takes up little space, but has a fairly large steepness. Since in one turn of 360 ° the stairs must rise at least two meters, the span should have from 13 to 15 steps. Due to the design, the width of the tread should be small, so the steps at the spiral staircase are narrow and high. It is best to install it either in the attic or in the utility room.

Marching stairs need to be rotated 90 ° or 180 ° using platforms, or you can use special steps in the form of a trapezoid. A horizontal landing is arranged if the area allows. Such a staircase consists of straight elements and has a classic look. On the site itself, you can make a window, which will add elegance and additional lighting during the day. If this is not possible, then the turn of the ladder structure must be done directly with steps. In this case, in a certain place, maybe not in the middle, you should start installing treads in the form of a trapezoid, which set the turn of the stairs by 15 ° or 30 ° for each step. As a result, they turn it to the desired angle.