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Tips garden and vegetable garden Ganichkina. Oktyabrina Ganichkina, Alexander Ganichkin All about the garden and garden

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Oktyabrina Ganichkina
Garden. Garden. Flower garden: the most complete country encyclopedia

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Section 1. Fruits and berries

Apple tree

Apple trees, according to scientists, appeared in the Cretaceous period of the history of our Earth. As a person directly used the fruits of wild-growing apple trees, its culture was born and developed. Now the apple tree is cultivated almost all over the globe. Among fruit crops, it ranks first both in area and in fruit collection. Cultivated apple trees have a height of 3–4 m. They begin to bear fruit, depending on the variety, rootstock, zone, and agricultural technology, from the age of four to eight. Durability of trees is 20–50 years.

The apple tree is photophilous and, when shaded, reduces the yield and quality of the fruit. Inflorescences, flowers and fruits require the highest intensity of illumination. In the absence of light, they do not develop. Deviation from optimal illumination causes shredding of leaves, pollination and fertilization worsen. With poor lighting inside the crown, the durability of fruit organs, their productivity and fruit quality are reduced. For better illumination of the crowns of trees, pruning is used. Light is a prerequisite, and excessive thickening of plantings should not be allowed, since in this case the plants shade each other, stretch and weaken.

How to plant apple treesThe soil

Soils are allocated for the garden:

Turf;

sandy;

Clay;

loamy;

Peat.

Before laying the garden on the site, work should be carried out aimed at cultivating the soil (see diagram).

When to plant

Landing time is determined by climatic conditions. Both spring and autumn are suitable for planting. Autumn planting in the middle and northern strip of Russia is carried out at the end of September - October (table).

LANDING CONDITIONS

For planting, a two-year-old seedling is purchased, from which the leaves are removed in advance. The roots should be fresh, not dried, branched, not shorter than 30-35 cm - the larger the root system, the better the plant takes root. Before planting, the root system is soaked for one day in a solution of growth regulator Emistim.

landing pit

Landing pits are prepared in advance (for spring planting - in the fall, for autumn - no later than 2-3 weeks before planting). The size of the pit depends on the type of soil and the depth of groundwater (table).

SEAT PREPARATION

The landing pit is prepared as follows:

The top vegetative layer of the soil is selected and laid aside, the rest of the earth is removed;

A stake is driven into the bottom, the length of which depends on the height of the lower branches of the seedling (they should be 5-10 cm higher);

Prepare the soil mixture (see diagram).

The prepared mixed soil mixture is poured into a pit on the north side of the stake in the form of a cone-shaped mound slightly above the soil surface.

All work must be done in advance to allow the soil to compact and settle.

Landing

1. When planting, the seedling is placed close to the stake on the north side, the roots are evenly spread over the mound, then they are gradually covered with good soil.

Important

Planting should be done so that the root neck of the seedling is 6-8 cm above the soil surface, given that the soil mixture in the pit will gradually settle and the root neck of the plant will be at soil level.

2. After the roots are covered with earth, 4–5 buckets of water are poured into the pit so that a crust does not form on the surface of the soil, the hole is mulched with compost or humus.

3. The seedling is tied to the stake with a soft twine figure eight, it is desirable to lay some kind of soft material between the stake and the trunk.

4. At first, the garter is done weakly (in anticipation of the soil settling), after 2-3 weeks the twine can be tied tighter.

5. After 10-15 days, it is necessary to water the seedlings with a solution of the growth regulator Emistim.

Growing young apple trees

If planting is carried out in the spring, then the branches of the crown should immediately be shortened. On autumn planting plants, pruning is done in early spring before the buds swell. After pruning, the side branches should be approximately at the same level, and the central conductor should be 15–20 cm higher than the rest of the shoots.

How to protect a seedling

To protect against frost and rodents the trunk and the base of the branches should be wrapped with mesh, then roofing paper, or bitumen-impregnated paper, or old non-woven material, trunk circles should be covered with loose soil taken from row spacing, with a layer of 30–35 cm.

On a note

Apple trees are quite winter-hardy and tolerate frosts down to –25–30 ° C, complete freezing of apple trees is a rare occurrence.

Storm tablets are laid out against rodents: 2 tablets are placed on cardboard, and a box is placed upside down on top, and two bricks are placed on it so that it is not blown away by the wind. Rodents easily run under the box and eat the pills, but cats and birds cannot penetrate.

In the spring, the strapping is removed, the seedlings are unraveled.

How to feed

Top dressing of young trees of the first year of planting and subsequent before fruiting has its own characteristics (see table).

FIRST YEAR

FROM THE SECOND YEAR TO THE BEGINNING OF FRUITTING

Aisles in young (up to 5 years of age) plantings of apple trees can be used for growing vegetables. The most suitable for this are early radishes, early cabbage, peas, beans, beans, physalis. Their shallow root system and constant care for them - watering, weeding, loosening, feeding, processing - contribute to good growth and development of the apple tree.

Important

Tall crops such as sunflowers and corn should not be sown around young trees, as they greatly shade, dry out and deplete the soil.

In a young garden, the soil is used for growing not only vegetables, but also green manure crops - mustard, lupine, buckwheat, phacelia. It is especially useful to sow these crops in gardens located on slopes - they protect the soil from erosion: in winter it freezes less and more snow accumulates in the aisles.

Important

If green manure is sown on a flat area, then during flowering they are mowed, crushed and embedded in the soil as fertilizer, which improves its structure. On the slopes, green manure is not mowed - they leave before winter.

Loosening and watering

The soil in the plantings of apple trees should be moderately moist. If there is a lot of rainfall, it is necessary to loosen, which will provide air access to the root system. Around the apple tree, punctures are made with a crowbar to a depth of 30–40 cm at the level of the ends of the side branches, and if there are no side branches, then at a distance of 60 cm from the stem. They also loosen the soil with a pitchfork, piercing it to the depth of the horns, while the pitchfork does not turn to the sides.

In hot weather, they are watered in the evening by sprinkling, that is, the trees are washed well. Such a shower contributes to the development of the crown and cleans from pests.

At one time, 20-30 liters of water are poured under a young one-two-year-old tree. The frequency of watering depends on the weather. In hot weather, water 1-2 times a week.

On a note

It is impossible to water on a hot sunny day to avoid burns.

Fertilizing and watering fruit-bearing apple treestop dressing

Top dressing is applied within the near-trunk circle (a circle whose center is the trunk, and the radius is the distance from the trunk to the ends of the branches) at a distance of 60 cm from the trunk.

Fruiting apple trees are fed 3-4 times per season (see table).

ROOT FEEDING

FLORAL FERTILIZATION (SPRAYING)

After flowering, the apple trees must be sprayed with a solution of potassium humate Universal prompter from yellowing of the leaves (3 tablespoons per 15 liters of water). This treatment increases the resistance of the apple tree to adverse factors, protects the leaves from the appearance of chlorosis and infectious diseases.

Important

If dry fertilizers are applied in autumn, they are covered by digging the soil, the depth of which is 8-10 cm near the tree, further along the periphery of the crown - up to 15 cm. The main digging of the soil along with fertilizing is done in the fall after leaf fall. In the spring, loosen the soil to a shallower depth.

Watering

Watering is carried out taking into account the rainfall and soil moisture.

WATERING DATES

Irrigation rates depend on soil moisture and quality (table).

APPROXIMATE IRRIGATION RATES

Important

The apple tree is self-fertile, that is, it does not set fruit when pollinated by pollen of the same variety. Therefore, when laying a garden, the presence of 1-2 pollinating varieties is mandatory.

How to cut and shape the crown

The aerial part of the fruit tree is represented by a large number of branches different in size, age, orientation in space and purpose. All these branches together make up the crown of the tree. The central axis of the crown is called trunk. In some trees, it is clearly distinguished throughout the life of the plant. In others, due to the uneven growth of branches, the trunk deviates to the side at a certain height from the soil, branches and is lost among other branches, therefore it is sometimes impossible to distinguish it in the composition of the crown.

The place where the trunk goes to the root is root collar.

Part of the trunk from the root neck to the first branch - trunk.

Above the stem - center conductor, or leader.

depart from the central conductor skeletal branches of the first order.

The largest of them are main branches(together with the conductor they form the skeleton of the crown), branches depart from the branches of the first order second, then third order.

More or less durable branches are placed on the central conductor and on the main skeletal branches, which are called fouling, since the skeleton of the crown is overgrown with them every year.

In order to prevent the crown from overgrowing, as a result of which it may soon lose its shape, various trimming methods are used.

There are many types of crowns. They differ from each other in shape, size, number and nature of the placement of skeletal and semi-skeletal branches. The formation of the pome crown is a very difficult task for gardeners, especially beginners. It is no secret that even experienced gardeners seek advice from specialists in institutes and nurseries with the question of how to get a big harvest from apple and pear trees with the help of proper crown pruning. Beginning gardeners need to know at least the basic rules for pruning and crown formation.

What you need to know about crown formation and pruning

Forming a young plant, they provide for the laying of a bole: for vigorous apple trees - 70–80 cm, for weak ones - 50–55 cm.

At the first pruning of unbranched, normally developed one-year-olds, the top is shortened by about 10–12 cm, leaving 5–7 buds above the trunk for the development of skeletal branches. You can simply cut off only one apical bud, but again leave 5-7 buds.

Underdeveloped one-year-olds are cut to a strong bud for reverse growth. In highly developed one-year-olds and two-year-olds with branched apical shoots, the top is shortened, leaving 5–7 buds above the trunk.

In one-year-olds and two-year-olds with well-developed premature lateral shoots, they begin to form a crown. Such shoots are thinned and cut so that they do not grow against each other and are not longer than the shoots below. If premature lateral shoots are poorly developed, 2-3 of them are left stronger with strong shortening pruning.

Low-lying early shoots on one-year-olds and two-year-olds are cut from the trunk. If a branch has prematurely grown on them on either side, it is removed.

In a one-year-old and two-year-old with a well-developed competitor and a weakened conductor, the conductor is removed, and the competitor is shortened to a strong kidney and given a vertical position.

With further formation of the crown, competitors are always removed or transferred to them in case of their good location and poor development of continuation shoots.

Important

On the main branches of the first order, two strong branches of the second order located opposite each other are not left, otherwise the growth of the axial (main) branch is weakened, and the side branches subsequently lose strength and break under the weight of the crop.

When forming the crown, it is necessary to strive so that the skeletal branches are located farther from each other, then they will develop almost equally and hold firmly on the central shoot (conductor). The conductor must always be higher than the skeletal branches, and the skeletal branches of the lower order are longer than the branches of the higher order. The skeletal branches are shortened, leaving the outer bud (except for varieties with a spreading crown), and the lateral branches of the second and subsequent orders, on the outer buds from the axis.

Graft

Depending on the conditions in the place of growth for grafting, seedlings of wild apple forms or cultivated varieties, as well as strong or medium-sized clonal rootstocks, are chosen as rootstocks.

Chinese apple tree, very frost-resistant, incompatible with some varieties;

Forest apple tree, characterized by medium winter hardiness, compatible with most varieties;

The domestic apple tree is vigorous, provides a good harvest, is compatible with most varieties;

Seedlings of local varieties of apple trees, including Antonovka common, Borovinka, Moscow pear, Cinnamon striped. They provide a good harvest of quality fruits, are highly compatible with most varieties, are less vigorous than forest and domestic apple seedlings, form a powerful crown;

seedlings Antonovka, differ in vigorous growth, productivity, average frost resistance, are compatible with most varieties.

On a note

It is best to vaccinate in the morning while it is cool. If it is hot in the middle of the day, work should be stopped and continued in the evening. The most favorable weather is cloudy, cool, but not rainy. In this case, you can vaccinate throughout the day.

The best time for vaccination is during the period of active sap flow, which happens twice a year (table).

DATES OF VACCINATIONS

When grafting, the location of the branches must be taken into account - the steeper the branch is directed upwards and the higher it is located, the more successful the grafting will be. On horizontal branches, cuttings take root poorly. If it is necessary to inoculate on such a branch, it is advisable to temporarily tie it up so that its position becomes close to vertical, and only when the cutting takes root, let it go.

Important

For beginners, it is preferable to learn to plant in the spring. At the same time, remember that cuttings for grafting are harvested at the beginning of winter, if they are cut in the spring, they may be frostbitten and will take root poorly.

Vaccination is a real operation, so everything must be sterile and clean. You can not touch the cuts with dirty hands, you should not pick up a dropped cutting. A good knife is the key to a successful vaccination. If possible, it is better to purchase a grafting knife (copulation, budding).

Before grafting fruit crops, be sure to practice on other tree species, best of all, aspen, poplar. Learn and you will succeed!

Important

If the cuttings have dried up during storage, but are alive, before grafting they should be placed for 12 hours in a solution of the growth stimulator Heteroauxin, or in a solution of Energen (2 capsules diluted in 5 liters of water), or in a solution of root growth regulator Kornevin.

It is better to inoculate near the kidney. Well, when there is a healthy kidney near the point of contact between the stock and the scion, this stimulates the fusion of tissues. When grafting into a split, it is necessary that the kidney be on a wedge included in the split, that is, below the cross section of the stock. Among other things, it will serve as an additional guarantee that the vaccine will not be lost if the stalk is accidentally broken. From this bud, as from a kind of eye, a cultivated shoot will grow, and the variety will be preserved. The same applies to budding and bark grafting.

TYPES OF VACCINATIONS

Seasonal varieties of apples

The degree of keeping apples depends on the seasonality of the variety. The earlier the variety ripens, the less fruits are stored (table).

APPLE VARIETIES BY RIPENING AND STORAGE

The apple tree is considered the most winter-hardy fruit crop. The number of varieties is incredibly large, I offer only a few that grow well and bear fruit in central Russia (table).

Insect repellents

"Iskra-M from caterpillars"

(bottle 10 ml, ampoule 5 ml)

Huge harm to horticultural crops is caused by hordes of caterpillars - codling moths, leafworms, sawflies, moths, scoops and others. To combat them, a special drug "Iskra-M from caterpillars" was created. This drug is especially effective against pests of vegetable and fruit crops. Has a fast action. Successfully applied in greenhouses.

The use of the drug "Iskra-M from caterpillars"

"Spark Bio"

(bottle 10 ml, ampoule 5 ml)

Natural preparation for the destruction of pests and mites on vegetable, fruit, berry and ornamental crops. Has enhanced security. Approved for use until harvest.

"Iskra Bio" was created on the basis of natural substances that paralyze insect pests. The drug has passed state tests, well tested in practice in the open field and in greenhouses.

Advantages

1. Allows you to process plants on which ripening fruits are adjacent to flowers and ovaries.

2. High efficiency against spider mites, aphids, thrips, caterpillars, Colorado beetle larvae and other pests.

3. Destroys insects and mites resistant to other drugs.

4. Not addictive to pests.

5. Effective in hot weather. At air temperatures above +28 ° C, the effectiveness of the drug increases even more.

Application of the drug "Iskra Bio"

"Golden Spark"

(powder in sachet 40 g and 8 g)

"Iskra Zolotaya" is one of the latest developments that has received the widest distribution in the world: it is successfully used in 120 countries to process more than 140 different types of crops.

Advantages

1. High efficiency against dangerous pests: Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, whiteflies, aphids, thrips and other insects on potatoes, vegetables, flowers and ornamental crops.

2. Long protective action. After spraying, the drug is absorbed into the upper cell layers of the leaves and spreads throughout the above-ground part of the plant. Due to this, the preparation is not washed off by rain and during irrigation, it is retained in plants for more than 25 days, protects them from pests that have flown from other areas, and protects shoots that have appeared after treatment.

Mode of application: To process 1 weave, dilute 1 ml of the drug in 5 liters of water. The consumption of the solution is 5 liters per 1 weave. Insects after treatment stop eating and die within 1-2 days.

Application of the preparation "Iskra Zolotaya"

The use of the drug "Iskra Zolotaya" (ampoules 1-5 ml, bottle 10 ml)

"Anticlesh"

(ampoule 2 ml)

Advantages

1. "Anticlesh" is economical. The consumption rate is only 2 ml per 5 liters of water.

2. The drug works reliably in hot weather, when the activity of ticks increases.

3. "Antikleshch", in contrast to drugs similar in action, is recommended for the destruction of the pear gall mite.

The use of the drug "Antiklesch"

"Akarin"

(ampoule 4 ml)

A biological product with a wide spectrum of action. Effective in hot weather.

The use of the drug "Akarin"

"Aktellik"

Proven drug. It has been used in Russia for more than 20 years.

The use of the drug "Aktellik"

"Kinmiks"

(ampoule 2.5 ml)

The use of the drug "Kinmiks"

Karbofos

(package 60 and 30 g)

Reliable, time-tested drug. A large list of crops on which the use of the drug is allowed, and a wide range of pests against which the drug is effectively used.

The use of the drug "Karbofos"

"Lightning"

(bottle 10 ml, ampoule 2 ml)

LIGHTNING EFFECT!

Lightning is a new highly effective drug against the Colorado potato beetle on potatoes and a complex of pests on roses and other ornamental plants. Lightning has a pronounced "knockdown" effect. The death of insects occurs within 30 minutes. High activity of the drug persists for 2-3 weeks. Special additives provide resistance to rain washout. Suppresses the development of spider mites. This avoids additional treatment with a specialized remedy for spider mites.

Advantages

1. Visible result after 30 minutes!

2. Profitability - 2 ml per 100 plantings.

3. Does not penetrate plants. Lightning is one of the most effective drugs in the pyrethroid class.

The use of the drug "Lightning"

"Neoron"

(ampoule 5 ml)

Safe for bees and other beneficial insects. Destroys larvae and adult ticks.

The use of the drug "Neoron"

"Cytkor"

(ampoule 1.5 ml)

The active substance is one of the most used not only in agriculture, but also from domestic insects. Economical.

The use of the drug "Citcor"

"Fitoverm"

(ampoule 4 ml)

A biological product with a wide spectrum of action. Allowed in greenhouses and for indoor plants.

The use of the drug "Fitoverm"

"Fufanon"

(ampoule 5 ml)

The spectrum of action of the drug is similar to "Karbofos". Liquid form is easy to dissolve.

The use of the drug "Fufanon"

"Commander"

"Commander" - the latest systemic insecticide against sucking and gnawing insects. It has become one of the leading insecticides in the world.

Currently, the drug "Commander" is registered for use on the territory of the Russian Federation in the form of drip application and spraying of vegetative plants.

Active substance - imidacloprid- provides a significant long-term effect on pests.

The result from the use of the drug "Commander" begins to appear within a few hours and reaches its full effect in 1-3 days after treatment.

"Commander" is technologically advanced and easy to use on various crops.

A distinctive feature of the drug is its pronounced systemic action when it penetrates into the plant both through the leaf and stem, and through the root system.

"Commander" - a universal insecticide:

1. Effectively destroys leaf aphids, whitefly, thrips, Colorado potato beetle on vegetables, potatoes, fruit (stone and pome), ornamental and flower crops.

2. Low consumption rate - 1 ml per hundred square meters.

3. Long period of action.

4. Effective in hot weather.

5. Resistant to rain washing.

Convenient packaging - 10 ml per 10 acres!

As a rule, the timely and high-quality use of the drug on a high agrotechnical background gives good results.

Weed control

"Ground Bio"

Garden without weeds! (5 ml ampoule, 10 ml bag, 50 ml tube, 100 ml tube with measuring scale)

"Ground" is a new herbicide of continuous action based on glyphosate. Destroys all types of weeds.

"Ground Bio" completely destroys any weeds, including their aboveground and underground parts. Works on green growing weeds. Once on the plant, Ground Bio penetrates the green leaves and stems of weeds and spreads throughout the plant, including the root system. The drug blocks the synthesis of substances in the cells of the plant, and it dies. Treated weeds turn yellow after 7-14 days, and completely die off after 15-25 days.

The use of the drug "Ground Bio"

The drug "Roundup"

It is used for the destruction of weeds in tree trunks at a dose of 10 ml per 1 liter of water. Spraying during the growing season of weeds. Consumption: 5 l per 100 m 2 . The number of treatments is one.

Agricola

"Agricola" - a new environmentally friendly complex fertilizer for foliar and root feeding of plants

The nutrients necessary for plants that are part of Agricola are not introduced into the soil like ordinary fertilizers, but are easily absorbed directly by leaves and stems after they are sprayed with an aqueous solution of Agricola. What are the advantages of foliar feeding of plants "Agricola"? Since the nutrients come through the leaves, the process of their assimilation is much more intense and gives faster results!

Firstly, "Agricola" has a high environmental cleanliness, it does not contain salts of heavy metals, as well as chlorine. Secondly, "Agricola" prevents the entry of nitrates into plants. Thirdly, under the influence of foliar feeding, plants become stronger, grow faster, better resist diseases and external adverse factors. There is an improvement in taste and nutritional properties (for example, an increase in the content of vitamin C, carotene, etc.).

Each group of cultures has its own type of Agricola. Their composition differs from each other and takes into account the needs of plants. For example, carrots need more potassium, cabbage needs more phosphorus, and seedlings need more nitrogen to grow green mass.

An increase in the yield of "Agricola" gives in almost all cases. On arid, saline and cold soils, Agricola is simply irreplaceable. In these cases, with its help, the only effective way of plant nutrition is realized directly through the leaves and stems.

Now Agricola fertilizers are sold in the form of granules in easily recognizable yellow bags and in bottles in the form of liquid concentrates for feeding not only vegetables, but also berries, fruit trees, and flowers. You can use them from spring to autumn.

"Agricola-1-7" - water-soluble granules:

"Agricola-1"- for white and red cabbage, cauliflower;

"Agricola-2"- for onions, garlic;

"Agricola-3"- for tomatoes, peppers, eggplants;

"Agricola-4"- for carrots, radishes, beets;

"Agricola-5"- for cucumbers, zucchini, squash, zucchini, melon;

"Agricola-6"- a mixture for feeding seedlings of vegetable crops;

"Agricola-7"- for indoor, balcony and garden flowers;

"Agricola-aqua" - concentrated liquid fertilizers:

"Agricola Forward"- for seedlings of vegetable and flower crops - enhances the growth and strengthening of the root system, accelerates the development of plants;

"Agricola Vegeta"- for all vegetable crops - provides intensive growth of green mass and growth of ovaries. Increases the content of vitamins in vegetables;

"Agricola Fantasy"– especially for indoor plants – increases the duration and intensity of flowering. Promotes enlargement of flowers and peduncles.

Plant growth promoters

"Heteroauxin" - a root growth stimulator

In recent years, gardeners are increasingly using plant growth and development stimulants. Among them, the root formation stimulator "Heteroauxin" occupies a special place. It is well known that the root system has a huge impact on the development and yield of plants.

"Heteroauxin" treats seeds, bulbs and roots of seedlings, especially adult plants, shrubs and trees. In some cases, "Heteroauxin" is simply irreplaceable. For example, when propagated by cuttings, many crops take root weakly or not at all. These plants include apple, pear, plum, cherry, coniferous, nut-bearing and many ornamental crops, as well as carnations and roses. Soaking green or woody cuttings in a Heteroauxin solution stimulates the formation of lateral roots. Rooting of plants obtained from young shoots is greatly facilitated.

Many amateur gardeners buy seedlings of fruit trees and shrubs from nurseries. "Heteroauxin" is indispensable when planting them in a permanent place. Treatment of the root system with a creamy mass consisting of clay and peat, mixed with a solution of "Heteroauxin", contributes to the rapid germination of new roots after planting, the formation of a powerful root system and, as a result, the growth and strengthening of the seedling.

Keeping corms of gladioli in a solution of "Heteroauxin" accelerates the growth of the root system. When crocus is propagated by parts of corms, their rooting period is halved compared to untreated plants, young corms appear much faster.

"Heteroauxin" is used to treat root lobes of seedlings of vegetable, flower plants before planting in the field, water the soil around the plants. For better growth of the roots of planted trees, it is recommended 2-3 times in spring and at the beginning of summer it is good to water the soil with a solution of "Heteroauxin" around a tree or bush.

"Energy Stimulator"

(10 ml bottle with dropper)

For soaking seeds, watering and spraying seedlings of vegetable and flower crops.

The use of the drug "Energen-stimulator"

The drug "Bud-stimulator" is your indispensable assistant

Few ovaries on cucumbers and tomatoes, barren flowers on cherries and apple trees, small berries on currants - gardeners and gardeners often face these problems. The new drug "Bud" will help eliminate them.

"Bud" stimulates fruit formation and increases the yield of fruit, vegetable and berry crops. It accelerates the development of plants, contributes to an increase in the number of ovaries and an earlier harvest. Under the action of "Bud" in plants, flowers and inflorescences increase. "Bud" is especially useful in the absence of pollinating insects and adverse weather conditions for growing plants, as well as in greenhouses.

Good results of using "Buton" are determined by the composition of the new drug. It contains a unique complex of growth substances. In "Bud" at the same time there are macro- and microelements necessary for feeding plants through the leaves and vegetative organs.

How to use "Button"? One sachet of the drug (10 g) is dissolved in 5-10 liters of water and used for soaking seeds, tubers and bulbs and spraying plants. Processing is carried out in the budding phase, at the beginning of flowering and during the formation of ovaries. The consumption of the working solution is 1–3 liters per fruit trees, 4 liters per 1 hundred square meters of vegetable crops.

"Bud" is environmentally friendly for fish, bees and other beneficial insects.

"Potassium humate" (universal plant growth stimulant)

(bottle 40 ml)

for watering

Natural growth and yield booster

1. Increases yield by 20-30%.

2. Reduces the content of nitrates in fruits.

3. Stimulates the growth and development of plants.

4. Protects from frost and drought.

Application of the preparation "Potassium humate"

Colorado beetle. The drug "Sonnet" - and there is no pest!

Why is Sonnet necessary? Growers are increasingly dissatisfied with the results of insecticidal preparations offered to combat the Colorado potato beetle. Pests survive after treatment and continue to damage the crop.

What is the reason for this situation? The fact is that the Colorado potato beetle has a great ability to quickly get used to conventional insecticides and give rise to offspring that are less sensitive or even completely resistant to them.

Where is the exit? It consists in the use of drugs with a fundamentally new mechanism of action. One of these mechanisms is implemented by the drug "Sonet".

Action."Sonnet" refers to the drugs of the latest generation. It includes the active substance hexaflumuron, which stops the process of growth and development of insects. Unlike conventional insecticides, Sonnet destroys the chitinous cover of insects at the time of their transition from one phase of development to another. As a result of the action of the Sonnet, the eggs and larvae die, and the adult beetles become incapable of reproduction. "Sonnet" acts on the eggs of the beetle by contact, and when "Sonnet" gets inside adults, they lay eggs that do not give offspring.

Efficiency."Sonnet" is highly effective against both Colorado potato beetle eggs and larvae. Elevated temperatures do not affect the effectiveness of Sonnet. The biological effectiveness of "Sonnet" lasts much longer than that of conventional insecticides, at least 30-40 days, and during this period excellent destruction of larvae is ensured.

Pests are not addictive to Sonnet. The drug is not washed off by rain or watering. The long-term protective action of "Sonnet" provides low costs for crop protection.

The correct time to use the drug is from the laying of eggs until the appearance of young larvae. To achieve maximum results, potatoes should be sprayed with Sonnet when overwintered beetles appear, before the first young larvae emerge from the eggs.

Later spraying - up to the late stage of development of the larvae (it will take from several hours to 3-4 days for their complete extermination), they stop feeding immediately after spraying.

The consumption rate of the drug is 2 ml per 10 liters of water for processing 100 m 2 of plantings.

Security. The unique mechanism of action of "Sonnet" ensures its high safety for humans and domestic animals and selectivity for beneficial insects. The drug is safe for honey bees. "Sonnet" does not penetrate the tubers, so it is recommended for processing potatoes intended for baby food.

Soil pest preparations

"Ant"

A powerful weapon against harmful ants!

Special remedy for harmful garden ants. The increased safety of the preparative form distinguishes ANT from similar preparations. Ready-to-use preparation is very convenient - no need to mix with anything or dilute with water.

The use of the drug "Ant"

The main secret of a successful fight against the bear is in the unique recipe of the Medvetoks bait

Medvedka is one of the most dangerous plant pests. It gnaws out sown seeds, damages the underground parts of plants, sometimes even eats seedlings and young plants. With powerful jaws, the bear makes moves in potatoes and other root crops, after which they rot or become inedible.

The problem with fighting a bear is that it is very difficult to make it find a toxic agent in the ground and eat it.

"Medvetoks"- ready-made bait in the form of granules to protect vegetables, potatoes, other root crops and flower crops from the bear. The secret of the high efficiency of "Medvetoks" lies in the unique recipe of the bait. She is so attractive to the bear that the pest is simply unable to refuse her! Thanks to a very acute sense of smell, the bear finds bait in the ground and eats with pleasure.

The taste and smell of the bait are carefully selected based on scientific knowledge about the bear, numerous experiments with the pest and tested in the field.

One pellet of "Medvetoks" is enough for the bear to die a few hours after eating the bait.

How to use Medvetoks correctly. Make furrows 3-4 cm deep between or around the beds. Pour "Medvetoks" into them. One package of evenly scattered Medvetoks should be enough for a 10–15 m furrow. It is not bad at the same time to slightly flavor the granules with vegetable oil. Fill the furrows with earth and water abundantly. "Medvetoks" granules do not disintegrate in moist soil, as well as during watering and rain, which ensures their validity for more than 21 days.

Safety of Medvetoks. The drug meets modern safety requirements. The low consumption rate (30 g per 10 m 2 plantings) reduces the risk of environmental pollution to a minimum, the preparation does not harm the soil microflora and earthworms, and the active substance decomposes into harmless compounds within a few weeks.

"Bazudin Syngenta"

(package, 30 g)

Convenient granular formulation. Long protective effect against wireworms and other soil pests.

The use of the drug "Bazudin"

Medicines for plant diseases

Time-tested - "Khom" (copper oxychloride) from plant diseases

A drug "Hom":

- reliable protection of vegetable, fruit and flower crops from late blight, brown spot, anthracnose, macrosporiosis, downy mildew, scab, rust, curliness;

- no side effects;

- the frequency of processing - 2-6 per season with an interval of 10-14 days;

- the consumption of the drug "Khom" - 40 g per 10 liters of water, the treatment area - 1 weave or 2-4 trees

The use of the drug "Hom"

"Bordeaux Blend"

(powder, package 100 g, 300 g)

The use of the drug "Bordeaux mixture"

"Sulfur colloidal"

(package 40 g paste)

Low processing cost, safe to use. Time from last treatment to harvest: 3-5 days.

The use of the drug "Sulfur colloidal"

"Topaz"

(ampula 2 ml)

Systemic drug of therapeutic and prophylactic action.

The use of the drug "Topaz"

"Skor"

(ampoule 2 ml)

An effective remedy for diseases of fruit trees and ornamental crops.

The use of the drug "Skor"

"Copper vitriol"

(soluble powder, package 50 g, 100 g)

The use of the drug "Copper vitriol"

"Sulphur smoke bomb CLIMATE"

(packaging 300 g and 150 g)

Create a healthy climate in your cellar!

An effective tool for the destruction of pathogens, bacterial infections, mold, fungi, insects, mites in empty basements, vegetable stores, greenhouses, greenhouses, greenhouses.

Application of the preparation "Sulphur smoke bomb CLIMATE"

Polyphagous pests of vegetable crops

Khrushchi - May and June beetles. Damage roots, root crops, tubers of various vegetable crops. Plants lag behind in growth, wither, easily pulled out of the soil, as their roots are eaten. In root crops, beetles eat out large, irregularly shaped cavities.

May Khrushchev– black, 20–30 mm long. Its wings are yellowish-brown. The beetles fly at dusk in May-June and eat the leaves of birch, fruit and other trees. Females lay their eggs in the soil to a depth of 40–50 cm. Adult larvae are up to 65 mm long, white, thick, curved in the shape of the letter C, with a large brown-red head and well-developed long pectoral legs. The larvae develop for three years, turn into pupae in autumn, and then into beetles, which remain to winter in the soil.

June Khrushchev- pink-yellow, faded, 14–18 mm long. Elytra with small punctures and indistinct longitudinal ribs; beetles fly in the middle of summer. Larvae are 5.2 mm long.

garden beetle- 8-12 mm long. Lower body, head and pronotum green, blue or black, shiny. Wings are yellow-brown. The whole body is covered with hairs. Beetles fly in June - July. Larvae up to 30 mm long.

Control measures. Deep digging of the soil, collection of larvae. Treatment during the summer with insecticides: 1 tablet of the Iskra preparation is diluted in 10 liters of water, the consumption of the working solution is 1 liter per 1 m 2. Sprayed during the summer beetles in May and June.

Clickers. Nutcracker larvae (wireworms) eat germinating seeds, seedlings, as well as root crops, potato tubers, flower bulbs and vegetable crops. Clickers damage seeds from the outside, but can also eat away cavities. The stalks of seedlings near the soil surface are gnawed, therefore, when plants are pulled out of the soil, they break off. Damaged seedlings turn yellow and dry out. In root crops, click beetle larvae eat out narrow straight passages.

Elongated hard yellow or yellow-brown 20–30 mm long larvae of click beetles (wireworms) harm. Their head is brown. The beetles are flat, dark, 8-15 mm long. Click beetle larvae and beetles overwinter in the soil at a depth of up to 60 cm. Mating occurs in June-July. The females lay their eggs in the soil. The larvae that have appeared until autumn feed on humus, living tissues of plants, but they really begin to feed next spring. This generation of beetles and larvae develops and causes damage for 3-4 years. Nutcrackers are especially harmful on acidic soils, weedy areas (especially creeping wheatgrass). Click beetle larvae are brought into greenhouses and greenhouses with peat and humus.

Shiny, striped and sowing click beetles are widespread.

Control measures. Deep digging of the soil. Destruction of weeds. Soil liming (wireworms avoid alkaline soils).

Adding to the soil before planting or sowing the drug "Bazudin".

Garden or field slug. A polyphagous pest that eats irregularly shaped holes and cavities in the succulent tissues of plants. Damages all vegetable crops, especially cabbage, carrots, salads.

On plants, slugs can be found in cloudy and rainy weather or at night. During the day, they hide under clods of soil, under leaves.

Slug 4–6 cm long, gray-brown, covered with mucus. There is a shield on the back. On the head are two pairs of retractable tentacles. Eyes are located at the end of longer tentacles. Slugs have a hard, toothy radula tongue.

Eggs hibernate under lumps of soil. In the spring, young individuals hatch, which in two to three months reach sexual maturity. The female lays eggs in the soil in groups of 30–60 eggs. Slugs live six to seven months. Very moisture-loving, if there is little moisture, they die. The optimum temperature for their development is 12–18 °C. In dry weather, they hide under lumps of soil and plants. More harmful in rainy years when growing plants on damp heavy soils.

Control measures. Sieving along the beds of granulated metaldehyde 30 g per 10 m 2.

Common wood lice. Woodlice mainly feed at night on decaying plant remains, however, in greenhouses, vegetative plants of various vegetable crops are also damaged.

More often, leaves adjacent to the soil and parts of the stems of seedlings suffer from them. Irregularly shaped holes and cavities are visible on them.

The woodlouse is from 10 to 18 mm long, its body is wide, oval, the back is convex, gray. There are seven pairs of legs on the cephalothorax, and one pair of antennae on the head.

Woodlice are able to live on land and breathe air. During the day, they hide near damaged plants under lumps of soil, fallen leaves, in crevices and in other places where there is moisture. Most often they live in dark, damp places - basements, heaps of humus.

They get into greenhouses along with humus or manure. They reproduce by laying eggs in moist soil. Woodlice are sometimes mistakenly called centipedes.

Control measures. Maintaining cleanliness in greenhouses. Removal of plant debris. Moderate watering (see. Slug).

CENTIPEDES. They can damage various vegetable crops in open and protected ground, more often cabbage, cucumbers, beans, carrots, leeks, and lettuce. They eat out small, irregularly shaped cavities in sown seeds, on leaves and stems. Seedlings and young plants wither.

Of the centipedes, plants are able to damage kivasyaki and drupes. Body kivsyakov- cylindrical, 10–50 mm long, steel or yellowish in color. There is one pair of short antennae on the head. Kivsyaki move very slowly. When threatened, they curl into a ring.

The larvae and adults overwinter in the soil. The females lay their eggs in the soil. The larvae hatch in about two weeks. One generation develops during the year. Kivsyaki are active at night and at dusk.

drupes- predatory animals that feed on worms, small insects. Their body is flat, brown, distinctly segmented. Each segment has one pair of rather long, strong legs. The drupes move quickly, making snake-like movements.

Centipedes enter greenhouses with humus, manure, and soil mixtures.

Control measures. Liming of acidic soils (see. Slug).

Control measures for mice, voles, rats and moles

The most modern drug "Storm"- these are wax tablets with a filling (a.i. flocumafen). The tablet is taken out in fabric gloves and placed under boxes, in drainage pipes, trays, boxes. The bait is placed every 20–30 m along the site or in places where there are more rodents, where the tablets are placed every 2–6 m.

To kill mice, put 1 tablet in each container, but to kill rats, put 2 tablets. After a week, inspect the tablets, if they are eaten, then expand them further. But if the tablets are not touched, then they need to be transferred to another place. I remind you once again - do not take pills with your bare hands, otherwise you will scare away the mice. Usually, after eating the tablets, mice and rats die after 3-15 days. Please read the instructions that come with the product carefully for precautions.

The second is also a very effective drug is a universal remedy - glue "Muxidan". This drug is used not only in gardens, but also in residential and industrial premises against mice and flies.

Mechanical method of application: to catch mice and flies on a sheet of parchment, cardboard, plywood measuring 30x20 cm or more, apply 60–70 g of glue, evenly level the board with a layer of 0.5–1 mm over the entire surface, stepping back from the edge 1–1.5 cm. To catch mice, place a piece of bread moistened with 2-3 drops of vegetable oil, a piece of cheese or sausage in the middle of the adhesive side and place it in the habitats of mice.

Against ants use highly effective insecticide traps. The action of the traps is based on the principle of "dominoes" - the ant eats the bait and becomes the carrier of the active substance. After returning to his hiding place, he infects up to 50 other insects, and they all die. Remains effective for up to three months.

Universal remedy for mice, rats and voles "Granules": has a high palatability by rodents, as its basis is natural wheat grains. The cumulative action of the active component ensures the effective extermination of rodents.

Ready-to-use grain bait "Foret" contains a second-generation active ingredient that ensures the rapid destruction of rats, mice and voles.

Briquettes "Foret" for the destruction of mice, rats and voles are effective not only for dry, but also for wet rooms, garden plots. Complete extermination of rodents in 5-7 days.

Mice

Polyphagous pests that feed on food of animal and vegetable origin. A lot of damage is done to vegetable crops in early spring in greenhouses and hotbeds, in summer - in open ground. Champignons cause great damage.

Gnawing is visible on affected fungi and plants, and traces of incisors can often be seen on root crops. Field and house mice cause tangible harm. The length of the body of a field mouse is 8-11 cm, the tail is 6-8 cm. The ears are short, pressed to the head. The back is red-brown with a dark longitudinal stripe. The belly is white.

They live mainly in the fields, in vegetable gardens, orchards. In autumn, some of them move to barns, warehouses, greenhouses.

The length of the body of a house mouse is 7–9 cm. The tail is the same length as the body. The ears are long and wide. The dorsal side of the body is gray or yellowish, the ventral side is somewhat lighter. Legs grey-yellow.

The room where house mice live is saturated with a sharp, persistent, unpleasant smell of pest urine.

Control measures. Deep digging of the soil. Maintenance of cleanliness in the garden area and at home. Cleaning up plant debris. Seal cracks and openings in the premises through which mice can enter. Bait layout.

voles

Polyphagous pests that eat various crops, including vegetables. Voles completely or partially eat plants, and they wither. Bald patches appear around the burrows of voles.

The most harmful are common and field voles. Ordinary - 9-12 cm long, with a short tail covered with hairs. The ears are short, hidden between the hairs. The muzzle is short. The back is dark gray, sometimes with a pink tint. Lives in fields, meadows, often in gardens. In summer, it makes shallow, uncomplicated burrows with several holes 3.5 cm in diameter. One settlement usually consists of three to six burrows. Sometimes voles make shallow burrows in search of food. Late in autumn, some pests migrate to barns, grain and vegetable stores, and cellars. Under favorable conditions, voles are very prolific. In the field during the year they have three or four litters, each of which has five or six cubs, in stacks and indoors they breed all year round.

The field vole is larger than the common vole. The body is dark brown, 11–14.5 cm long, the tail is short (four times less than the body length). During the year it gives three to four litters with seven to eight cubs in each.

Rats

Polyphagous pests, use food of animal and vegetable origin. In summer, in gardens, in greenhouses, irregularly shaped cavities are eaten out in beets, carrots and other root crops. Traces of incisors can be seen in plant tissues, and large burrows can be found in the soil or rooms. Rats spread various infectious diseases. In the middle zone of the European part of our country, gray and black rats are most common. In a gray rat, the body is 17–28 cm long, the tail is 15–19 cm. Ears pressed to the forehead do not fit the eyes. The muzzle is sharp, elongated. The back is dark gray or brown, the ventral part is slightly lighter. They prefer wetter places - cellars, storage rooms, sheds. In summer, some of the rats move to vegetable gardens, gardens, dustbins. Rats breed all year round, give from two to six litters, on average, each of them has seven cubs. Sexual maturity is reached at four months.

In a black rat, the body is 13–19 cm long, the tail is 14–22 cm. The ears pressed to the forehead reach the eyes. The back is pink-black, the ventral part is lighter. In summer, the rats move from the premises to the gardens and feed on vegetable crops. During the year give two or three litters. The lifestyle and harmfulness are the same as in the previous species.

Moles

The mole feeds on earthworms in the soil and insect larvae. It makes moves, harms plants, especially vegetables: it twists seedlings, undermines roots, forms hummocks, spoils beds.

The mole belongs to the order of insectivorous mammals, leads an underground lifestyle. Its body is cylindrical, 11–16 cm long, covered with short velvety black fur. The head is cone-shaped, extended in front in the form of a proboscis. The soles of the feet are short but powerful, with strong claws. The eyes are very small, barely noticeable. Hearing is good, although there are no auricles. The sense of smell is well developed.

Moles are very voracious: in search of food they constantly dig new moves. The earth is dug with a cone-shaped head and front legs. Very rarely crawl out to the surface of the soil.

There are fewer moles in light sandy soils than in other types of soils. They are active throughout the year, but in winter they burrow into the deeper layers of the earth.

They breed once a year. They mate in the spring, in April. In late May - early June, females give birth to three to nine cubs.

At the end of June, young individuals begin an independent life.

Control measures. Digging grooves around the greenhouses and filling them with rubble. Repelling moles with the help of rags moistened with kerosene embedded in the course.

Catching moles with the help of traps - metal mole traps, they are placed in minks made by moles.

Cucumber pests

spider mite- one of the dangerous pests of cucumber in greenhouses, less often in open ground. The tick is 0.3–0.5 mm in size, greenish-yellow in color, with dark spots on the sides, very small. Ticks live and feed on the underside of the leaves, wrapping them in a thin cobweb. They suck the juice of plants by piercing the skin of the leaf. As a result, light dots form, then discolored areas appear, the leaf turns yellow and dries.

Control measures. Severely affected leaves are collected in a bucket and burned or buried deep in the ground. Several treatments must be done against spider mites during the growing season. It is recommended to use different insecticides. Repeatedly sprayed with Fitoverm 4 ml per 5 liters of water, or Fufanon 10 ml per 10 liters of water. This solution is enough for 20 m 2.

Against the tick, Karbofos is also used (40-60 g per 10 liters of water). Spray plants in the morning or evening. The success of their processing largely depends on how well the underside of the sheet is moistened with the solution. Cucumbers are best planted early. Around the plantings of cucumber, weeds must be systematically destroyed.

melon aphid- this is a sucking insect that damages, in addition to cucumbers, pumpkin, squash, zucchini. 1.2–2 mm long, yellow to dark green, almost black. The larvae are yellow or green. Aphids or larvae overwinter in weeds. In spring, at an air temperature of 12 ° C, they begin to multiply, feeding first on weeds, and then moving on to cultivated plants. In open ground, aphids appear on cucumbers in July - August, and in protected ground - in spring. Aphid colonies settle on the underside of leaves, on shoots, flowers and ovaries, causing them to twist, wrinkle and dry out. Sometimes on the surface of the leaves, on the sweet secretions of aphids, fungi develop, forming a white coating.

Control measures. Destruction of weeds, since aphids only pass from weeds; collecting wintering ladybugs under fallen leaves and releasing them into the greenhouse; spraying with a solution of soap (100–200 g) or lye (200 g of ash and 50 g of soap).

From folk remedies, the fight is carried out by spraying with an infusion of fresh red pepper of bitter varieties: 30 g of chopped fresh capsicum and 200 g of tobacco dust are taken for 10 liters of hot (60 ° C) water, insisted for a day, then stir well and filter. In the strained infusion add 1 tbsp. a spoonful of liquid soap and 2-3 tbsp. spoons of wood ash. They spend 1–2 liters per 1 m 2, depending on the number of aphids. Spraying is repeated after 6-7 days.

You can also spray the plants with a solution of ash and soap: 2 cups of wood ash pour 10 liters of hot water, add 1 tbsp. a spoonful of liquid soap and leave for a day, then filter and spray the plants in warm, calm weather. A good effect is given by a solution of "Karbofos" (60 g per 10 liters of warm - 30 ° C - water), which is sprayed inside the greenhouse, roof, paths, ground and only slightly plants. Spraying is carried out in sunny weather, the windows and doors in the greenhouse should be closed at this time. The air becomes suffocating and the aphids die. If plants are sprayed with "Karbofos", then take 40 g of "Karbofos" per 10 liters of water. Spray the whole plant, but the underside of the leaves is larger. 1 hour after treatment, the surface of the beds must be loosened to a depth of 2–3 cm, but at the same time, one should try not to damage the upper roots of the plants.

To combat aphids, the newest drug Iskra DE is used. In addition, the preparation "Iskra DE" contains potash fertilizer. Take 1 tablet (10 g) per 10 liters of water, dilute and spray. Before spraying, be sure to remove the fruits. The second newest drug against aphids - "Commander", take 1 ml per 10 liters of water, solution consumption - per 100 m 2.

sprout fly- gray, 3-5 mm long. The larva is whitish, up to 7 mm long. Flies fly out in May, lay their eggs under lumps of soil, preferring more moist humus soil. After 7–8 days, the larvae penetrate swollen seeds or sprouts, pierce the hypocotyl knee and penetrate inside the stalk. Damaged seeds die, sprouts wither, or weak plants grow from them. The larvae live 15–18 days and pupate in the soil.

Control measures. Deep digging of the soil with careful incorporation of manure; collection and destruction of plant residues and weeds; seeds are soaked in a solution of the growth stimulator "Bud" before sowing; sowing seeds at the optimal time and caring for plants; high agricultural technology.

Young seedlings of cucumbers are treated with Iskra (see. melon aphid).

greenhouse whitefly damages cucumbers and tomatoes, sucking the juice from the leaves, in addition, soot fungi form on the sticky sugary secretions of the whitefly, while the leaves turn black and dry out.

Control measures. The main thing is the destruction of weeds on the site. Window vents and doors are covered with gauze in one layer, and glue traps are arranged. To do this, take pieces of plywood, paint it yellow or white, which attracts insects, and smear it with muxidan glue. Insects sit on them and stick, after which the plywood is wiped and lubricated again.

Spraying plants with clean water gives a good effect, especially if you wash the lower part of the leaves, where the whitefly accumulates in large numbers. Immediately after washing off the pests, a slight loosening of the soil is done to a depth of 1–2 cm or backfilling with any component: peat, sawdust, sand or humus with a layer also 1–2 cm.

Of the chemicals in the fight against whitefly, the new drug "Commander" is the most effective. The drug "Iskra-M from caterpillars" also works effectively - for 5 liters of water 5 ml (ampoule), solution consumption - 1 liter per 10 m 2.

cucumber mosquito. This insect mainly affects weakened plants affected by basal diseases in greenhouses. In plants damaged by mosquitoes, the roots, the inner part of the stems adjacent to the root, are cracked, riddled with small passages, and begin to rot.

Larvae harm - white, with a black head, up to 5 mm long. They live in humus or manure, pupate in the soil in a thin cobweb cocoon.

Mosquitoes themselves are dark gray two-winged insects 3–4 mm long. Mosquitoes fly in March - May. Females lay 20–30 pieces in the soil between plants. eggs, white, shiny, oval. The hatched larvae penetrate the roots and stems of plants. Several generations develop in greenhouses throughout the year.

Control measures. High agricultural technology, contributing to better growth and development of seedlings of cucumbers. With a mass accumulation of adult mosquitoes, plants are sprayed: 1 tablet of Iskra DE is diluted in 10 liters of water, the consumption of the working solution is 10 liters per 100 m 2.

Diseases of cucumbers

Anthracnose expressed in rounded, vague spots on the leaves of plants. The spots, increasing, merge, covering a significant part of the sheet, giving the appearance of a burnt surface. Then the leaves turn brown, dry and crumble. Slimy orange pads form on the lashes and stems.

Control measures. Compliance with crop rotation and burning of post-harvest residues; treatment of inventory and wooden parts of greenhouses with bleach (200 g per 10 liters of water). When the first signs of the disease appear, the plants are treated with the Hom preparation - 40 g per 10 l of water or colloidal sulfur - 40 g per 10 l of water.

white rot affects all organs of pumpkin plants, manifests itself in the form of a white flaky coating, on which black dots subsequently appear. Plant tissues become soft and slimy, the plant withers and then dies.

Control measures. The alternation of cultures. Placing cucumbers after legumes, onions or cabbage; treatment of diseased areas with crushed charcoal, fluffy lime or chalk; foliar plant nutrition (1 g of zinc sulfate, 2 g of copper sulfate and 10 g of urea per 10 liters of water). Treatment of plants with the preparation "Hom": 40 g is diluted in 10 liters of water. Sprayed after the next collection of fruits.

downy mildew has become the most widespread and dangerous disease in recent years. It can appear at any phase of plant development, starting from seedlings, but mainly in early August, that is, during the fruiting period. The infection persists on the soil for several years (up to 6–7). Signs of the disease: multifaceted green oily spots appear on the leaves, which increase in size within 8-10 days. The leaves turn brown, as if the plant was burned, and dry out within 2-3 days.

Gardeners often believe that this is the result of acid rain. In fact, such symptoms indicate an increased development of the pathogen, which is usually caused by a sharp change in temperature (25 ° C during the day and 1-14 ° C at night), cold water or cold rain. Contributes to the spread of the pathogen and a strong condensate on the film, from which the plants, especially in the greenhouse, are constantly wet. When the temperature in the greenhouse drops to 1-12 ° C at night, an outbreak of this disease can be expected.

Control measures. At the first signs of the disease, you should immediately stop watering and fertilizing, do not carry them out for 6–8 days. After reducing the humidity, they are sprayed with a solution of the Topaz preparation (1 ampoule per 10 l of water) or the Hom preparation (20 g per 10 l of water). The temperature of the solution should be 22–24 °C. After treatment, it is necessary to quickly ventilate the greenhouse, but do not allow the temperature to drop in it (during the day 20-25 ° C, and at night 18-22 ° C). At night, plants should be additionally covered with a film or other material to maintain this temperature. After 6-7 days, repeat the treatment with Topaz.

From folk remedies: spraying cucumbers with a solution of whey (3 liters and 1 teaspoon of copper sulfate per 7 liters of water). Can be sprayed with pure whey.

After the last harvest, the bed with plants must be treated with a solution of copper sulfate (50 g per 10 liters of water). Sprinkle all plants abundantly, and after a day, remove from the garden along with the roots and burn.

Grow resistant cucumber hybrids. Water cucumbers in greenhouses in the morning.

powdery mildew- a disease very common in greenhouses and in the open field. It is expressed in the appearance of a white coating on the leaves, which spreads rapidly, as a result of which the leaves turn white (as if sprinkled with flour), then dry out, and the plants die.

With the annual sowing or planting of cucumbers on the same bed, pathogens of this disease accumulate on it. They spread quickly when the temperature drops and watering with cold water. The disease can be transferred from weeds, flowers, etc.

Control measures. Rotation of crops; deep autumn digging; removal of affected leaves, plant debris and weeds; maintaining a temperature of 20–25 ° C in greenhouses and optimal humidity.

When the first signs of mealy plaque appear on the leaves, they must be sprinkled with a solution of mullein: for 10 liters of warm (25 ° C) water, take 1 liter of liquid mullein and 1 tbsp. a spoonful of urea. The solution should be well stirred, filtered and sprayed on the leaves in the morning in warm weather. Leaves should be processed from the sprayer both from the bottom and from the top. Pollination of plants with finely ground sulfur helps. To do this, sulfur is poured into a bag of three-layer gauze and the plants are pollinated during the day in sunny weather at an air temperature of 23–28 ° C. When processing in a greenhouse, it is necessary to close the windows and doors, and cover the cucumbers in the garden in the open field with a film for 2 hours. A good result is obtained by spraying plants with a solution of potassium permanganate (1.5 g per 10 liters of water). An effective way to combat powdery mildew is to spray plants with colloidal sulfur - 40 g of the drug per 10 liters of water. In this case, the processing is carried out in cloudy weather.

A more reliable way to deal with powdery mildew on cucumbers is to spray with Topaz. To do this, take 1 ampoule (2 ml), dilute in 10 liters of water (room temperature), stir and pour into a fine spray sprayer. Spraying is carried out both at the first signs of the disease, and for prevention. Spray cucumbers 2 times. The first spraying is carried out when 8-10 true leaves appear, the second - at the beginning of flowering (about 10-12 days after the first). Cucumbers are processed both in film greenhouses and in open ground in calm calm weather, preferably in the morning, evenly wetting the leaves. You can spray the plants with a solution of the Hom preparation - 40 g of powder is diluted in 10 liters of water and sprayed at the rate of 1 liter of solution per 10 m 2.

Brown (olive) spotting fruit spreads when watered with cold water by sprinkling, that is, over plants, at high humidity and when the temperature drops to 10-13 ° C day and night, as well as with a draft. All this weakens the plants. The causative agents of the disease persist with poor disinfection of the soil and the roof of the greenhouse, on plant waste and infected fruits.

The disease appears on the fruits in the form of brown sores with the release of fluid. Ulcers cover the entire fruit, and it becomes unusable. The disease can destroy the crop along with the plant in 6-8 days.

Control measures. At the first signs of the disease, it is necessary to stop watering for 5-6 days, carry out airing on warm days, that is, open all the windows, doors or remove the film from the garden. In the cool period, on the contrary, close everything in order to raise the temperature in the plant zone during the day to 20-25 ° C, and at night at least up to 18-20 ° C.

Fruits and plants are treated with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid or Hom preparation (40 g per 10 l of water). Spray plants only from a sprayer, and not from a watering can and not with a broom, in warm weather (up to 11 hours) 2 times with an interval of 5-6 days. Immediately after spraying, the plants are dried, for which purpose the windows are opened on one side. Grow cucumber hybrids that are resistant to this disease.

Gray rot manifests itself on cucumbers in the form of mucilaginous gray spots on the stems, especially at the branches, in the axils of the leaves. It spreads with night drops in temperature, watering with cold water, dense plants and poor ventilation. With a strong thickening of plants, a huge number of male flowers appear. In the axil of one leaf, there are up to 10–15 empty flowers, which, as a rule, fade and rot in a few days, affecting healthy stems.

Control measures. Grow self-pollinating cucumber hybrids. Avoid thickened sowing, and if there are a lot of empty flowers, then remove them after flowering, sprinkle the affected areas with wood ash or crushed charcoal. It is necessary to ventilate the plants and wait a little with watering. When watering or top dressing, do not water the plants. Dust diseased plants with a mixture: 1 teaspoon of copper sulphate, 1 cup of wood ash and chalk, mix well and sprinkle on sore spots of plants. If the disease progresses, then severely damaged shoots are cut and burned. Treated with the drug "Hom" (see. brown spot).

Ordinary mosaic (VOM-1). With a viral disease of cucumber, light green spots appear on the leaves, alternating with dark green, as well as swelling, which causes the leaf to become corrugated. Bloating, mosaic coloring and tuberculate formations also appear on the fruits. The infection persists in rhizomatous weeds and partially in the seeds of damaged plants.

Control measures. For sowing, do not take your seeds, but purchase branded seeds, heated and processed. If diseased plants are found, they are removed, inventory and containers are disinfected in a solution of potassium permanganate or bleach. There should be no weeds around the greenhouse.

Fusarium wilt of cucumber- a fungal disease that is common when grown mainly in greenhouses. The first signs are wilting of the top or individual leaves of the plant. Wilting is accompanied by decay of the root part of the stem. During the flowering period and at the beginning of the formation of fruits, the root collar and roots of diseased cucumbers turn brown, their bark cracks and rots. On the transverse section of the basal part of the stem, a ring of browned vessels is visible. In humid conditions, a pink coating appears on the stems of diseased plants near the soil surface. It contains colorless (massively pink) conidia.

The pathogen enters the plant through root hairs and root wounds. The disease is dangerous at soil temperatures below 10–15 °C. The main source of cucumber infection with Fusarium is the soil, where the fungus enters with plant residues and can persist for a long time. The pathogen is seed-borne.

Control measures. Soil disinfection. Seed dressing. Destruction of severely affected plants. Optimum temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. Watering plants with warm (22 ° C) water.

cucumber necrosis- an infectious disease caused by a lack of nutrients in the soil. Manifested in the form of various leaf necrosis.

The most common cause of leaf tissue death is a lack of phosphorus, potassium or manganese.

With a lack of phosphorus, the leaves, primarily old, yellow, prickly, acquire a bluish-green color with a purple tint, then brown, irregularly shaped spots begin to form on them. Affected plants have no shoot growth, they bloom weakly or do not bloom at all.

End of introductory segment.

Oktyabrina Ganichkina is a TV presenter and writer, who is often called the country's main summer resident. In her books and programs, Oktyabrina Alekseevna easily explains even the difficult moments of caring for a garden and garden, suggests non-obvious tricks in the fight against weeds and pests, and infects gardeners with enthusiasm by her own example.

Childhood and youth

Little is known about Oktyabrina Ganichkina's childhood and youth. The future TV presenter was born in Moscow on February 2, 1949. The Vinokurov family - such is the maiden name of Oktyabrina Alekseevna - had 8 children.

Oktyabrina Ganichkina at the beginning of her career

In 1966, after graduating from school, the girl entered the Institute of Automation and Electrometry in Novosibirsk, choosing the Faculty of Optics. However, Ganichkina defended her dissertation in a different specialty, becoming a candidate of agricultural sciences.

Gardening

Oktyabrina Ganichkina found her true vocation in gardening, caring for a summer cottage and plants. Moreover, a talent was discovered in a woman: she could easily talk even about complex things, systematize the principles and rules for growing vegetables and fruits from watermelon to beets, and, most importantly, present this information in a fascinating way.

In the mid-1990s, a new page was opened in the biography of Oktyabrina Alekseevna: a woman was invited to television. Soon, TV viewers began to associate the name of Ganichkina with the programs "Country Stories", "Garden All Year Round", "Rays-Bunches", aired on different channels.

In addition, the country's main summer resident began to broadcast a radio program called "Advice to gardeners." At that difficult time, the summer cottage became a serious help for many people, therefore, programs about caring for garden and garden plants and trees were popular.

In 2016, the professional piggy bank of Oktyabrina Ganichkina was replenished with another program - the woman became the host of the Country Fairies program. She became HER co-host, familiar to viewers from the Fazenda project, as well as under the heading about gardening and horticulture in the Good Morning program on Channel One.

The saying about a talented person who easily finds a use for himself in any field is true in relation to Oktyabrina Alekseevna. The woman manages to prepare fascinating material for TV shows, and write her own books, which are popular with summer residents. On account of Ganichkina, there are more than a dozen publications devoted to the secrets of gardening and horticulture. The main thing, the gardener emphasizes, is that each advice has been tested by her on personal experience and is suitable for Russian realities.

In an interview, the woman admitted that sometimes summer residents plant rather complex plants - for example, strawberries or watermelons, but at the same time they do not know the specifics of caring for them. Ganichkina considers her task to be an explanation of those little things that make up success in gardening. In addition, Oktyabrina Alekseevna often criticizes advice on the Internet: according to the writer, sometimes recommendations from the Web are simply harmful to plants.

One of these tips is the use of potassium permanganate as a fertilizer. Ganichkina emphasizes that it is only permissible to treat seeds of flowers and garden crops with a solution of permanganate. But it is impossible to water the beds with them under any circumstances: in the future, this will negatively affect the well-being of the liver of the unfortunate gardener. Oktyabrina Alekseevna also insists on using peat instead of the usual manure. According to the woman, manure is an aggressive environment for the delicate roots of seedlings, so inept summer residents sometimes destroy plantings, and do not fertilize them.

An interesting story is also connected with fertilizers - in an interview, Ganichkina admitted that in her lectures she often drinks a little of this or that drug in order to show its harmlessness. Such a gesture shocks listeners, but demonstrates the safety of fertilizer better than words. Of course, Oktyabrina Alekseevna chooses only natural compounds made from harmless components. But the main summer resident of the country advises to abandon strong chemicals once and for all.

Oktyabrina Ganichkina also admits that she does not believe in the lunar calendar, which gardeners often use when preparing seedlings. According to the writer and TV presenter, first of all, you need to observe the planting dates: they will be different for asters and tomatoes. And also do not forget to water the plant in time, notice possible diseases in time and monitor the light and thermal conditions. Only in this way, emphasizes Oktyabrina Alekseevna, will it be possible to grow strong plants that will please with abundant fruits.

Personal life

The personal life of Oktyabrina Alekseevna is securely hidden from prying eyes. For a long time, the woman even successfully hid her age. It is known that the woman received the name Ganichkin from her husband. The son of Oktyabrina Alekseevna - Alexander Ganichkin - followed in the footsteps of his mother. Together with the main summer resident of the country, he writes books about caring for the garden.

In an interview, the TV presenter likes to say that she also devotes her free time to her favorite work - she takes care of the dacha along with her children and grandchildren. According to the woman, there is no greater happiness than to see the fruits of summer labors in the fall.

Oktyabrina Ganichkina now

Now Oktyabrina Ganichkina, despite her venerable age, continues to “tour” around the country: a woman meets with fans, gives lectures and helps summer residents with advice. According to the presenter, she is warmly received everywhere.

Oktyabrina Alekseevna also continues to work on television broadcasts. On the eve of autumn, most issues are devoted to preparations for the winter. The gardener shares unusual recipes, teaches how to properly sterilize jars, and how to properly freeze food so that it retains its taste for the whole winter.

Bibliography

1998 - "Our garden"
2000 - "Garden - all year round"
2003 - "To my gardeners"
2006 - "Encyclopedia of the gardener and gardener"
2006 - "Favorite culinary recipes"
2007 - "Flowers on your site"
2008 - Favorite Flowers
2013 - "To my flower growers"
2017 - "Handbook of a successful gardener"

In order to grow a decent crop of tomatoes, you need to approach the matter as seriously as possible from the very beginning, armed with practical and theoretical advice from experienced gardeners. Ganichkina's tomato planting methods are considered one of the most effective. She is a Ph.D. in Agricultural Science and in numerous television shows, articles and author's books tells how to easily and cost-effectively grow large crops at home or in the garden.

The soil, according to Oktyabrina Ganichkina, as well as the climatic conditions of Russia and Ukraine (abundance of sun, dry air, the possibility of frequent watering) are ideal for the growth of a crop such as tomatoes. Today, we see these bright fruits all year round on supermarket shelves, they are grown in greenhouse conditions, and they are also brought from abroad. But, of course, the most valued are tomatoes grown in the open field. In Russia, the tomato has been known since the 18th century, but the tomato became common in vegetable gardens from the end of the next century. There are such types of this plant according to the nature of development:

undersized, 30-80 cm. They are distinguished by rapid ripeness;
medium height, 100-120 cm in open ground, in closed ground - 150 cm;
tall. In non-greenhouse conditions they can reach 2 m, and in protected conditions they reach the entire height of the greenhouse.

In each of the periods of its development, the plant requires certain external conditions. It is important to remember, Oktyabrina says, that seedlings need a short daylight hours. It is important that the tomato gets a lot of light, as the plant loves light.

The temperature regime of a tomato, which will ensure comfortable growth is as follows:

up to 25 °С during the day;
up to 18°C at night;
a temperature of 30 ° C leads to shedding of flowers, as a result, to the absence of fruits;
a short stay at temperatures up to 3 ° C is tolerated by the plant calmly.

The tomato needs constant moisture, it is very important to water it during the development of the ovaries. Many do not know that the terrain through which groundwater passes is not suitable for a plant. A humid environment is also difficult to tolerate (the cause of the development of late blight, brown spotting, fertilization difficulties), as well as frequent rains. Light is also very important for the health of this plant. The lack of light can be seen by the characteristic features identified by Oktyabrina: strongly elongated seedlings, the color of the leaves is pale green, an increase in the number of leaves, and the almost complete absence of fruits.

If the cultivation of tomatoes does not take place in open ground, it is especially worthwhile to approach moisture issues with particular care:

comfortable - 60-70%;
in greenhouse conditions - 80-90%.

We plant seedlings

Seedlings are acquired, or they go through the entire process of growing from seeds on their own. Oktyabrina Ganichkina advises gardeners to germinate tomatoes themselves. When buying ready-made seedlings, you should be careful: the best seedlings are those that have low growth, but a powerful root system.

Such young bushes should be placed in the ground to the cotyledon leaves, then sprinkle the roots with soil, lightly press. It is also worth forming small holes in the soil for better heat transfer to the roots, as well as high-quality watering.

The soil for planting should not be dry. For seedlings, small glasses or boxes of 10 × 10 cm are suitable. Before planting, they need to be made a little denser and watered with a diluted Bud stimulant (1 g per 1 liter), as well as any other preparation for planting seeds. In each of the glasses we make a hole up to 1 cm, place one seed, pour the soil on top. After sowing, the containers should be placed in a warm room (24-25 ° C) with good penetration of sunlight. If you want to achieve rapid growth, Ganichkina advises putting a film on the containers, which must be removed after germination.

Ganichkina notes that with early sowing, seedlings have an increased length, and later they do not take root well in open ground. Therefore, it is important to clearly know the right time for sowing plants.

The optimal period for planting in protected ground for undersized is up to 60 days, for medium-sized ones - 70 days. They are transplanted into greenhouse conditions from May 5 (without heating). Oktyabrina also advises holding the seeds in special liquids before sowing (Bud, Agricola Vegeta, Energen, Effekton).
The temperature of the solution must be above 20 °C. The bags are placed in liquid for a day. After we carry out the process of stabbing: put the wet bag in the refrigerator for 1-2 days. The seeds can then be placed in the soil. Such preparation makes the plant sustainable and affects its development in the future.

Taking care of seedlings

After germination, the growth of tomato seeds is very slow, but after 2-3 weeks, growth accelerates. In order for the seedlings not to stretch, you need to make sure that they get enough light and there is an appropriate temperature. The temperature regime is observed as follows:

during the day not higher than 18 degrees, not lower than 13 - at night - the first seven days;
not higher than 20 degrees - during the day, not lower than 15 - at night - until the appearance of 2 and 3 leaves.

Seedlings must be watered twice, as well as fed. For the first watering, we use boiled water at a temperature of 20 ° C. We pour water only under the root, in order to prevent young leaves from rotting. Turning the cups daily with the other side facing the light will protect against disproportionate stretching of the plant. Keeping cups just on the windowsill is not worth it; it is better to come up with a stand for free penetration of air to the roots.

Ganichkina notes that after 5 days of growing a tomato, weak plants can be removed. Top dressing of the plant begins after the appearance of the first leaf.

First top dressing: 1 l. water - 1 teaspoon "Agricola vegeta" plus growth stimulator "Kornerost".
The second dressing after the appearance of the third true leaf: 1 l. water - 1 tbsp. spoon "Effekton-O". Contact with leaves is undesirable.

Seedlings need to be watered qualitatively once every 7 days. Long pauses are bad for tomatoes. In April, hardening begins by opening a window for a day. You can also transfer the tomatoes to the balcony (the temperature should not be lower than 12 ° C). If the temperature drops, then the seedlings should not be outside. During the hardening period, it is necessary to moisten the soil well. Seedlings ready for the greenhouse have a height of 15-35 cm, as well as 12 developed leaves and 1-2 inflorescences.

Grown independently on the advice of Ganichkina, the seedlings will turn into an adult healthy plant that will bring a lush harvest in the future!

Video “Growing tomatoes according to the method of Oktyabrina Ganichkina”

On the recording, the famous gardener Oktyabrina Ganichkina gives practical advice on growing tomatoes from seeds.

Oktyabrina Ganichkina, Alexander Ganichkin

Calendar of works in the garden, vegetable garden, flower garden from Oktyabrina Ganichkina

Photos and illustrations used for the cover design: Arevik, adehoidar, DmitryPrudnichenko / Shutterstock.com

Used under license from Shutterstock.com

We buy fertilizers for the garden and vegetable garden.

Liquid organic fertilizers: potassium humate "Prompter" - for vegetable crops, for green crops, for garden and indoor flowers, universal, for potatoes and fruit and berry crops.

Liquid mineral fertilizers with trace elements: "Intermag-garden" - for tomatoes, strawberries, raspberries, cabbage, root crops, potatoes, bulbs, cucumbers, flower and ornamental crops, orchids.

Pest Control: "Imidor" - from aphids, thrips, whiteflies and the Colorado potato beetle.

Means of protection against diseases: "Abiga-Peak", "Alirin", "Gamair", "Gliocladin" - we spray against bacterial and fungal diseases.

Growth Regulators: "Emistim" - to increase productivity and prevent diseases and pests.

"Kornevin" - for soaking seedlings before planting.

Herbicides: "Lornet" - against weeds on strawberries and lawns, "Zontran" - against weeds on potatoes and tomatoes, "Octopus Extra" - continuous action against annual and perennial weeds.

"Zeba" - retains moisture in the zone of the root system.

Gardeners

We purchase only ready-made soil "Seliger-agro" - universal, for tomatoes, peppers, flower crops, etc.

We prepare containers for sowing seeds: trays, boxes, hollow peat pots. We carry out an audit of the remaining seeds, sort them, check for germination, and purchase fresh seeds.

Gardeners

We protect plants from frost and rodents. We compact the snow around fruit and berry crops. With the onset of severe frosts, we pile trees (especially young ones) with snow, throw it on strawberry beds. We are fighting mice.

We check the storage of fruit and berry and vegetable crops.

We feed the birds.

Flower growers

We continue to monitor the shelter of roses, chrysanthemums, clematis, perennials, bulbs. We warm with snow with a little trampling.

We continue to monitor the storage of bulbous crops, keeping the temperature no higher than 6-7 ° C.

We check the seeds of flower crops for germination. We also buy seeds. In the third decade of January we sow the seeds of pelargonium (geranium).

Gardeners

For growing seedlings, carefully wash the window and window sill.

From 1 to 20 February we sow seeds of root and petiole celery for seedlings. Before sowing, the soil is sprayed with Gliocladin fungicide (10 tablets per 1 liter of water) to prevent root rot.

From 10 to 28 February we sow pepper and eggplant seeds for seedlings, tall and medium-sized tomatoes (120–180 cm) for seedlings for film and glazed greenhouses. We take the nutritious soil only ready-made, we sow the seeds dry into grooves spilled with a hot solution of potassium humate "Prompter" for tomatoes (1 tablespoon per 1 liter of water).

From 1 to 28 February we continue to sow cucumbers for growing on the windowsill, we plant turnips on a feather in boxes.

From February 20 we begin to sow on greens: parsley, celery, basil, chard for growing on the windowsill, for use in winter.

Sow the seeds in moist soil and lightly sprinkle it with water from a spray bottle on top. Do not pour water, otherwise the seeds will go deeper.

Gardeners

In the last month of winter we continue to pack the snow around the fruit trees. If there is a lot of snow, we systematically shake it off the branches, since during thaws they can break under excess weight.

On warm days in the end of the month we whiten the trunks and bases of branches, especially in young trees, to protect them from sunburn. We continue to protect the trees from rodents, we lay out the preparation "Storm".

And you can also check whether the fruit buds overwintered well: cut a few branches and put them in water for growing. We purchase polyethylene film, covering non-woven material, inventory, greenhouses and arcs for beds.

Flower growers

We monitor tubers, corms, etc.

In case of decay, we cut it off, process it in a solution of Gliocladin (10 tablets per 1 liter of water), and dry it.

We sow the seeds of perennial crops: sweet pea, delphinium, aquilegia, astilbe, cornflower, flax, lichvis, asters, etc.

In open ground, we monitor the shelter of flower crops. We lay out baits against mice on plantings of bulbous crops.

Gardeners

March 1st to 10th we sow seeds of leeks and black onions for seedlings to obtain turnips in one summer, we continue to sow tomatoes, peppers and eggplants for film greenhouses.

From 10 to 20 March we sow undersized tomatoes (50–70 cm tall) for seedlings for open ground.

From 20 to 25 March - we sow seeds of early varieties of white cabbage for seedlings.

From 25 to 30 March we sow mid-late varieties of white cabbage, as well as cauliflower, savoy, red cabbage, kohlrabi and broccoli for seedlings.

During March we feed seedlings of peppers, tomatoes, eggplants, planted in February, dissolve 1 tbsp. l. "Intermag-garden" for tomatoes and 1 tbsp. l. potassium humate "Prompter" for vegetable crops.

Gardeners

We shake off wet snow from the branches so that they do not break. The bright sun at this time is quite dangerous: often the bark on the trunks gets burned, especially in young trees. Anyone who did not have time to whitewash the trees in February needs to do this in early March.

In the end of the month in warm weather, we start pruning and shaping the crown of both young and fruit-bearing pear, apple, and ornamental trees. When pruning the branches of the wound, we cover it with garden pitch. At this time, we remove dry, broken branches from the trees. We cover trees damaged by rodents with garden pitch or oil paint to protect tissues from drying out.

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Tips garden and vegetable garden Ganichkina. Oktyabrina Ganichkina, Alexander Ganichkin All about the garden and garden

Oktyabrina Ganichkina Garden. Garden. Flower garden: the most complete country encyclopedia

Section 1. Fruits and berries

Apple tree

Insect repellents

"Iskra-M from caterpillars"

"Spark Bio"

"Golden Spark"

"Anticlesh"

"Akarin"

"Aktellik"

"Kinmiks"

Karbofos

"Lightning"

"Neoron"

"Cytkor"

"Fitoverm"

"Fufanon"

"Commander"

Weed control

"Ground Bio"

The drug "Roundup"

Agricola

Plant growth promoters

"Heteroauxin" - a root growth stimulator

"Energy Stimulator"

The drug "Bud-stimulator" is your indispensable assistant

"Potassium humate" (universal plant growth stimulant)

Colorado beetle. The drug "Sonnet" - and there is no pest!

Soil pest preparations

"Ant"

The main secret of a successful fight against the bear is in the unique recipe of the Medvetoks bait

"Bazudin Syngenta"

Medicines for plant diseases

Time-tested - "Khom" (copper oxychloride) from plant diseases

"Bordeaux Blend"

"Sulfur colloidal"

"Topaz"

"Skor"

"Copper vitriol"

"Sulphur smoke bomb CLIMATE"

Polyphagous pests of vegetable crops

Control measures for mice, voles, rats and moles

Mice

voles

Rats

Moles

Cucumber pests

Diseases of cucumbers

Childhood and youth

Gardening

Personal life

Oktyabrina Ganichkina now

Bibliography

We plant seedlings

Taking care of seedlings

Video “Growing tomatoes according to the method of Oktyabrina Ganichkina”

What else to read

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Garden. Garden. Flower garden: the most complete country encyclopedia