Wiring diagram for an electromagnetic lock. Competent installation and installation of an electromagnetic lock

In places with high traffic, it is not profitable to install electromechanical locks: due to a large number details, the complexity of the mechanism, it quickly fails. It is more profitable to install an electromagnetic lock - a kit that works both as a conventional lock and from magnetic influence. Differs from mechanical devices quick installation, ease of use and reliability. It can be assembled by hand.

The device of the electromagnetic mechanism

Magnetic locks are used everywhere: the simplest in cabinets, handbags. More complex devices - to protect rooms where access is limited. Such electromagnetic locks are powered by electricity.

Most often, such devices are installed on the front door of the entrance. The kit includes:

• Electromagnet.
• Metal plate.
• Controller.

The electromagnet consists of:

• Frame.
• Winding.
• Core.

When current is applied, a magnetic field is formed that attracts the plate, the door is in a closed state, it is impossible to open it without a key. You can unlock the front door by pressing the button, or by using the key: the action of the current on short span time is suspended, and the canvas is easy to open.

Due to the ease of the mechanism of the mechanism, the electromagnetic lock will serve long years. It is easy to install, easy to use. Can be controlled remotely (intercom). Locks for the front door can be assembled with your own hands.

Types of electromagnetic locks

Electromagnetic locks are:

• Retaining - a device from a housing, a core with a winding, a counter plate.

The kit includes: Core - a set of plates ("W" shape), or a solid block. Solid core locks are more compact because they do not have a body. Products with a case are quickly demagnetized, a lock with a solid core has residual magnetization, therefore they are used in rare cases.

The winding is made of wire (copper). The power of the device depends on the number of turns.

The case consists of a material that is not magnetic (aluminum, stainless steel).

As for the response plate (anchor), it has holes for fixing, and a spring that separates the elements after the power is turned off.

Outside body and important details The lock is plated with nickel to protect against corrosion.

In order to properly place the device during installation, the kit includes a corner, hardware, gaskets, a template.

The retaining electromagnetic lock on the door can be: overhead and mortise.

When installed, a magnet is placed on the door frame to make wiring to the controller easier.

When choosing the power of the force of the mechanism, one must proceed from the weight door leaf: the heavier it is, the more powerful the lock is needed. The lightest models are designed for glass sheets. Powerful ones start from an effort of 500 kg, cannot be opened without a special key.

They can also be installed on the door with armor. There is no point in installing a lock that is too powerful - it requires a lot of energy, it is more expensive.

• Movable - most often it is mortise kit, which, in addition to magnetic force, uses mechanics: with an electrical impulse, the core attracts an anchor with protrusions. They are placed in the grooves on the reciprocal part of the lock. When the power is turned off, the armature moves away with the help of a spring.

When installing, it is especially necessary to place both parts. With a skew, even a couple of millimeters, there will be a malfunction.

Sliding locks have a high degree of security, because they are located in the middle of the box. Because of this, it is not easy to get to him. Controlled by the controller.

Electromagnetic devices do not work independently, but are part of the access control and management system. They may come with:

• Internal release button.
• Code entry panel.
• Magnetic key reader.

• biometric appraiser.

It is possible to connect an intercom through the controller.

Installation of a magnetic lock

To install an electromagnetic lock, you need the following set of tools:

• Drill.
• Screwdriver.
• Perforator.
• Drill.
• Screwdriver.
• Pliers.
• Wire cutters.
• Roulette.
• Marker.
• Level.

Do-it-yourself step-by-step installation algorithm:

• The first step: determine the location. The lock can be placed horizontally or vertically. Mark with a marker where the electromagnet will be located and accurately determine the location of the counter metal plate.
• Second step: make holes for the side pins (the diameter is indicated in the lock installation manual). To begin, attach a metal plate to them, and then install the center bolt.
• The third stage: Do-it-yourself installation of an electromagnet. First, attach the mounting plate (using a hex wrench), remove the wires.
• Check work: open, close. Install door closers if necessary.

Why is there a controller in the electromagnetic lock

Electromagnetic lock in addition to the core, winding, body, panel, it has a control controller.

It is known that during operation, the energized winding forms a magnetic field that attracts the plate - the door closes.

The controller is the part of the mechanism that is responsible for supplying current. With its help, the canvas is controlled. Sometimes a sensor is built into the controller, where the response time of the mechanism is set.

To open the lock from the outside you need a key, a card. The controller remembers the device code. There are so many code options that it is impossible to choose.

The controller is essentially an electronic circuit. It is located near the door, in a special block. It also has an exit button.

Advantages and disadvantages

In work electro magnetic lock the following advantages can be identified:

• Reliability. Unlike electromechanical locks does not have many parts that can fail with high traffic of people. Is established in entrances, offices, shops.
• You can open the door remotely.
• Can be installed on a canvas made of any material (metal, wood, plastic, glass). The main thing is to consult with a specialist before buying a lock: what kind of impact force is needed to install the mechanism on a door made of the selected material.
• Easy to install, maintain.
• Doesn't require a lot of electricity. But the more powerful the impact force, the more energy will be needed. But it makes no sense to establish such a mechanism. It is better to choose something in between (350-500 kg).
• Temperature fluctuations, precipitation do not affect the operation of the mechanism.
• Affordable cost.
• Additional devices (videophone) can be connected.

The big disadvantage of the operation of an electromechanical lock is the complete dependence on the supply of electricity. If for any reason the light goes out, the door will be easy to open. It is especially dangerous if the front door.

But fortunately, this problem can be eliminated by installing an additional power supply unit. If the electricity goes out, the controller switches to backup power. In severe accidents, the system may not function.

Another solution - additional mechanical lock. It is reliable, and even if it breaks over time, it is easy to repair it yourself.

What you need to consider when assembling an electromagnetic lock with your own hands

To assemble an electromechanical lock with your own hands, you need to know the details of its device. It's about electromechanical padlock for the front door. The operation of the mechanism depends on two parts: a magnet and a reed switch.

A reed switch (or sealed contact) is a device that changes the state of an electrical circuit under the influence of a magnetic field.

Example of installing an electromagnetic lock

The set of one lock includes one magnet and four reed switches. One of the reed switches has a closed contact. Reed switch with a closed contact, which is not subject to the action of the magnet, but is subject to the action of the current. If you try to open the mechanism with a magnet, the door will not open thanks to this one reed switch.

These are the main points that you need to consider when assembling the castle with your own hands.

Alexei

Installing a locking device, even the simplest one, requires skills in working with a tool. If you have no difficulties in this matter, then the installation of an electromechanical lock is quite affordable for you.

Yes, and connecting it to a video intercom will not cause any special problems, so you can safely get down to business.

If you are in doubt about own forces you can contact the experts. Today, there are companies providing this kind of service in every locality. In our article, we will give necessary recommendations for those who decide to do the installation themselves.

Features of electric locks

What is a locking device? This is one of the varieties of electric lock. Its principle of operation is based on the mechanical action on the locking mechanism, which is created by a solenoid or a miniature electric motor.

The advantages of this model include its unique characteristics.

After all, it is united in one whole best qualities traditional castles and high level comfort. In constructive terms, it differs from the classical one in that it can be controlled as plastic card or a remote key fob, or a classic key.

Outwardly, such locks are similar to classic mortise and overhead models. The only difference is the presence of locking elements equipped with electrical device, which includes crossbars and a solenoid.

We watch the video, the principle of operation and the device:

The installation of the lock largely repeats the installation of conventional models. But the locking of the door is provided by a locking bolt connected to the electric drive. Therefore, wires from the control device are suitable for the lock.

Let's move on to installation work.

The counterpart is positioned in accordance with the specifics of the design of the door frame. It can be done in two ways:

• Placement under the counterpart of the metal plate;
• Cutting the required opening with a grinder in the door frame.

We have reviewed general scheme installation of a laid on electromechanical lock. But there may be other mounting options, for example, on a metal door. Mortise models also have their own scheme.

Connecting the lock to the intercom

If you decide to install a locking device in combination with an access control system, you can use one of standard schemes by choosing the simplest one. In it, the installation of a video intercom is carried out in the standard way, and a second cable is needed to connect a locking device to it.

The assembly principle of the installation and connection scheme of the electromechanical lock is as follows. First, a monitor and a power supply are installed, which will supply voltage to the locking device. From the intercom, the cable is connected to the panel, and from the battery to the lock. However, the last connection is made with a loop to the back of the ringer.

One of the supply cables is opened by the panel control contact, the second one remains free. With this connection, it turns out that by pressing the button, the locking device is controlled. A pulse is sent from the video monitor to the ringing device. It, in turn, closes the internal relay and voltage is applied to the lock - it opens.

We watch a video review, connecting to a video intercom:

It is also possible to use the wiring diagram with the controller. In this case, the lock can be opened using a magnetic key or a special card. This device stores the key codes in memory and controls the operation of the locking mechanism.

Basic installation requirements

If you decide to do everything yourself installation work, then we must take into account following points that may occur when connecting an electromechanical lock to a video intercom. It is important to take all measurements correctly. If mistakes are made in them, then the counterpart may be at a great distance from the main one, which will interfere with the normal functioning of the mechanism.

When installing the equipment, tighten all screws firmly. This is done because when the door strikes, they can relax. If they are loosely tightened, then over time it will be necessary to carry out installation on a new one.

After completing the installation work, take the time to test the lock. In the event of its unstable operation and periodic jamming, it is worth dismantling the equipment and reinstalling it, strictly observing all the manufacturer's requirements.

If you are sure that everything is done correctly, and the lock still does not work, then you will have to turn to the services of specialists. This will help save time and achieve a positive result.

The location of the equipment depends on the specifics of the building. If you decide to use an intercom and an electromechanical lock in own house, you can use a system that includes 2 or more panels, allowing you to control simultaneously from different rooms.

We watch video teamwork lock and intercom:

The monitor is usually located at the front door, but it can be installed in an office or living room. The purpose of the monitor is communication and remote control locking device.

The call panel is installed next to the front door. It can be with or without a video camera. Electromechanical lock for video intercom and intercom, you can choose any model. The power supply is determined depending on the system and its constituent parts. Connecting wires - experts recommend using a combined SHSM designed for such systems. All connections during installation should be soldered and insulated. This will help achieve effective work equipment under any conditions.

When buying wires, be sure to take into account how far apart the panel and monitor are from each other. If it is less than 30 m, then the above material is suitable. For systems with a greater length, experts recommend choosing a coaxial cable for transmitting a signal from the camera, for other connections - in a shielded braid. The cross section for the supply cable must be more than 0.75 mm² and the ShVVP brand.

Conclusion

The principle of connecting a video intercom in combination with an electromechanical lock with your own hands was described in our article. As you can see, there is nothing complicated in it, and if there is a desire, everyone can cope with this task.

The locking mechanisms of this group in terms of their reliability, safety class are not much different from mortise or overhead counterparts. Their undoubted advantage is in a minimum of moving metal parts and the impossibility of opening with a master key. The installation process of the electromagnetic lock is detailed in the manufacturer's instructions. But there are a number of nuances to be aware of; in the accompanying documentation general information, which do not take into account the specifics of the installation of the product in a particular place.

Varieties and features of the work of EMS

The principle of operation is based on the fact that when voltage is applied to the lock winding, it attracts a metal plate made of a material characterized by magnetic properties (or draws in an anchor). Therefore, you only need to fix the electric / part of the system on a solid surface ( door frame), and on the canvas - a fragment of special steel (make a cutout), and you can securely close the opening. Passage is possible only with a short-term power outage; the force of attraction is so great that even with the help of improvised tools (taking into account the density of its fit) it will not be possible to squeeze the sash.

EMZ are divided into two groups. Installing an electromagnetic lock on a door, depending on which of them the product belongs to, has a number of differences. What is the difference?

Sliding locks

As a rule, devices of the mortise type. They are mainly equipped with gates, gates, doors of premises, the frames of which are steel (corner, profiled pipe). Such locks hold the canvas with a tongue, which is the anchor of the mechanism. When the voltage is turned off, it does not "go" into the case, thereby blocking the opening. Operation occurs only when a button is pressed (from inside the room) or a stitched “pill” is applied from the outside.

The advantage of electromagnetic locks of this group is the absence of restrictions on the material of the leaf. That is, it can be mounted on any door; the main thing is that “soft” doors (for example, plastic ones) have a rigid frame.

The disadvantage is the complexity of the design, since there is a mechanical assembly. And this is the development of a resource, and the probability of failure of individual elements.

Retaining locks

More common modification electromagnetic devices, ubiquitous on the doors of the entrances of high-rise buildings, at the entrances to office, administrative and other buildings. Products small sizes often placed in the aisles inside buildings. For example, if necessary, their zoning according to the principle (“passage only for ....”).

Differ in simplicity, reliability. When current is applied to the magnet winding, the plate, “rigidly” fixed on the canvas, adheres to it so firmly that it cannot be torn off. Maintenance as such is not provided. If there is voltage and there are no breakdowns in the circuit elements (power and control units, connecting wires), then locking device will work forever. Mounting an electromagnetic lock of this group on a door is much simpler - such products are mainly of an overhead type. Therefore, apart from drilling metal, no other technological operations you won't need it with him.

There is only one significant minus - if the steel and the frame of the leaf do not differ in strength, then the door will “lead” during operation. The dimensions of the opening (in height) are slightly reduced (by the width of the electromagnetic lock body).

Mounting order

Feature of the EMZ different modifications- the principle of control (electronic, push-button), the presence / absence and the specifics of connecting sensors - does not apply to the issue of installing products on the door; this is a separate issue.

Installation is carried out strictly according to the manufacturer's instructions. Depending on the modification of the sample, there are separate nuances when attaching and connecting each. But the general algorithm of actions is as follows.

Rim lock installation

Markup. The manufacturer attaches a stencil to each electromagnetic lock. For overhead models, the attachment point is selected in the upper part of the canvas, closer to the porch. So called vertical post a box (jamb), on which a reciprocal plate is attached for traditional "reed" locks (latches, latch). To understand the expediency of this decision, it is enough to recall the “rule of leverage”.

The stencil is applied to the jamb, and when the sash is closed, the position of the lock is determined. With the expectation that the fixed "reciprocal" plate at the same time completely coincides with the magnet and does not interfere with the free movement of the web. Points are marked for the installation of fasteners.

Drilling:

• Under the lock - according to the location of the holes on its body.
• Under the plate - through, and one more for the fixing pin. It prevents it from turning around the axis of the fastener.

Installation of EMZ and plates. The necessary fasteners are supplied with the product. Before fixing the magnetic plate, a special insert (RTI or thick film) is placed under it. Installation without this element is fraught with a quick breakdown of the lock. The "lining" provides shock absorption of the plate, and therefore there is no risk of damage to the magnet when temperature deformations steel sheet.

Installing a sliding lock

The optimal location is in the middle part of the canvas (in height) or at the top, on the edge. The operations performed are almost identical.

Note. If the electromagnetic lock is installed on a plastic, glass door, then, taking into account the narrow frame and the small width of the box, corners are used to fasten its components.

Connection

The specifics of work depends on the scheme of the magnetic system. But a number of tips will not be superfluous.

• All wiring is done in a hidden way. You need to understand that the main thing here is not the aesthetic side of the issue, but safety. Cables (wires), access to which is free, cut off (thus demagnetizing the lock) is a matter of a couple of minutes.
• Wires only in PVC braid, cross section - at least 0.5.
• An interesting question is their number. It's easy to tell from a diagram. But you need to take into account the maintainability of the system. Since the route will turn out to be hidden (under plaster, panels, wallpaper), it is advisable to lay an additional “line”, that is, + 1 wire.

Everything is quite simple, especially since the installation manual is attached to the product. It only remains to add that electromagnetic overhead locks in some cases should be duplicated with conventional "reed" mechanisms. Otherwise, when the industrial / voltage is turned off, the passage will be open.

Usually they attach instructions to their products, which shows the connection diagram of the magnetic lock. Now such devices are very popular, they are installed in entrances, offices, industrial enterprises, private houses. The lock can be used with an intercom and even without it, which will reduce the cost of the circuit and simplify the connection of the lock.

Choosing an electromagnetic lock

To choose a suitable lock, you need to know the operating conditions of the device, take into account the requirements for security and design. Categories of locks:

locks are divided according to the holding force, the range is from 100 to 1000 kg. To open light door you need to choose an option with a holding force of up to 150 kg. For heavy metal door a reinforced model that can withstand up to a ton is suitable;

the body of the product must ensure the safety of the magnet, so it is better to choose nickel or galvanized models;

decide on operating temperature products, different for internal and external doors.

Also, magnetic locks are divided into devices for one-sided opening and two-sided opening:

Magnetic locks with one-sided opening are used in enterprises where the constant presence of workers is required. In this case, the operator receiving the intercom call decides whether to let the visitor in. This magnetic lock connection scheme is the most reliable, the lock and intercom are separate elements this scheme.

The variant with double-sided opening is used if it is necessary to open the door with a magnetic key or a contactless card. In this case, it is necessary to use a controller that contains the codes of cards or keys in memory. AT recent times It is convenient to use a universal controller. It is placed in a sealed junction box near the door itself, the call panel contact is connected to the exit button. The contact closure is considered by the controller as pressing the open button. This magnetic lock connection scheme requires professional installation skills, as incorrect connection may damage the lock system.

Connecting a magnetic lock

The installation of the mechanical part of the device is carried out as the installation of a conventional lock. Difficulty can cause the laying of power wires and connection to the control system. To install a magnetic lock, you must:

study the instructions for installation and connection;

install the mechanical part of the lock;

install reader and exit button.

The magnetic lock connection scheme provides for placing the reader closer to the lock, and the exit button on the door frame. Experts recommend hiding the wires of the reader with high quality.

study the procedure for connecting the lock to the controller;

lay the cable from the lock to the controller;

mount all the elements of the circuit, the power contacts must be connected last to avoid short circuit;

connect the mechanism to the power supply;

with the lock disconnected from the power supply, install the controller and reconnect the power supply;

adjust the electromagnetic lock.

When connecting magnetic locks, the following features should be taken into account:

the controller must be placed in a bag in advance so that moisture does not get on it;

after installing the lock, you need to check the condition of the plate and check the strength of the lock plates;

if the controller is designed as a separate device, you need to make a master key for encoding user cards.

A magnetic lock is an easy way to make your home or office an impenetrable fortress. It can be installed on entrance doors, interroom, cabinet doors. Mechanisms can work without repair two hundred thousand cycles. If you want to install the mechanism at home, the magnetic lock connection diagram will help you complete the installation without errors, and if you do not have experience in performing such work, please contact our organization.

The most important element of the executive device of access control and management systems (ACS) is an electromagnetic lock. It is installed directly on the door and is controlled remotely by means of an electrical signal.

Its task is to restrict the passage of unauthorized persons to a residential, public or production room. Can be used in conjunction with magnetic contact sensors controlling the position of the door.

The widespread use of locking devices of this type is facilitated by their high reliability. They firmly hold the door in the closed position, are not afraid of aggressive environments and work at any temperature, which is important for their outdoor use.

An electromagnetic lock designed to work as part of an access control system has a simple structure. Its body contains an electromagnet consisting of a core and a winding. The core material does not have the effect of magnetic memory, which contributes to the efficiency of control. It is usually assembled from W-shaped steel plates used in most transformers, although there are also all-metal parts.

The coil winding contains several hundred turns. copper wire. The current passing through them creates a powerful magnetic field capable of holding the door firmly in the closed position.

The body is made of non-magnetizable materials:

• stainless steel;
• aluminum;
• plastics.

It has a fixture for mounting on the canvas or door frame. The kit is supplied with an iron plate that fixes the door in the closed position. Part electrical circuit often a bi-directional protection diode is included to reduce voltage spikes during switching. To quickly remove residual magnetization, electrical capacitors are used.

The operating voltage for most magnetic locks is 12 volts. Minor deviations are allowed, but they are undesirable. At lower values, work efficiency and holding force are sharply reduced. If the voltage rises, the winding may overheat. The power consumption is small and amounts to a few watts.

CHARACTERISTICS AND DEVICE

In the design of almost all electromagnetic locks, there are no moving parts that can wear out during operation. This is the secret of their reliability and long service life, even when installed on doors and gates that pass a large flow of people every day.

Such devices ensure the safety of evacuation in case of fire. Unlike mechanical ones, they automatically open when the voltage is removed. When ACS is integrated with fire alarm systems, this process can occur without human intervention. A door equipped with an electromagnetic lock cannot be opened with a master key or selection of a key.

The main characteristic of a magnetic lock is the holding force. It is measured in kilograms and is chosen depending on the purpose and design features doors. For massive iron doors install devices with a pull-off force of more than 500 kg.

Devices with a tear-off force of 350-500 kg can be installed on the entrance street. For internal doors 150 kg is often sufficient.

The device of magnetic locks can be different. They act on separation or shift. The installation method is often overhead, but there are also mortise models.

According to the installation method, products are often made in an overhead version. They do not interfere with the operation of the door closer, which in this case is easily adjustable. The installation accuracy of such designs does not have crucial. Their disadvantages include a partial overlap of the doorway and a bending effect on the door leaf, which over time can lead to its deformation.

Sliding electromagnetic structures are used on all types of doors. They can be overhead and mortise. They must be mounted with high precision. In this case, the protrusions must coincide with the nests on the counterparts, and all gaps are adjusted to the values ​​prescribed by the manufacturer. But they can be hidden in the door leaf, and they do not occupy part of the doorway.

The controller is responsible for managing the operating modes of the device. It may be in close proximity to the door or be located remotely. The controller is electronic circuit, in the memory of which there is a key cipher, as well as access codes.

When an electronic key fob or card comes into contact with a reader, the code embedded in them is compared with the encrypted information of the controller. The selection of a cipher is almost impossible due to the huge number of possible combinations. With a positive result, the device removes voltage from the winding for a few seconds, and the door can be opened.

MAGNETIC LOCK FOR INTERIOR DOORS

Interior doors usually have a fragile design, so it makes no sense to install a powerful locking device to keep them in the closed position. Inside the building there is little chance of burglary. Here, miniature designs come to the fore that do not affect the overall design.

Often a magnetic lock is installed, which is cut into the door leaf. It is easy to use and does not limit the opening space. An important characteristic of such a device is its noiselessness.

The delivery set usually includes a lock with a striker, fasteners and hardware. Separately purchased:

• reader;
• exit button;
• controller;
• a set of keys, key fobs or magnetic cards.

On the important objects Uninterruptible power supply devices are used to prevent uncontrolled opening of doors in the event of a power failure. Magnetic lock insert for interior doors carried out by a specialist. In indoor areas usually concealed placement of all equipment, including cabling, is used.

models of magnetic interior locks quite a lot, for example:

It has a dead weight of no more than one kilogram. Its dimensions are 168x36x21 mm. Supply voltage 12V/24V. Power consumption less than 5W. Holding force 150 watts.

Weight 1.0 kg. Dimensions 184x22x30. Supply voltage 12V. Power 4.8 W. Holding force 180 watts.

INSTALLATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC LOCKS

There are no special requirements for the installation location of the electromagnetic lock, but it will most reliably fix the door when fixed in the middle of the vertical opening line. For overhead models, it is important not to interfere with the free passage of people.

To simplify installation, they are often installed at the top of the door next to the door closer. At the same time, the design of the door leaf must be very rigid in order to avoid possible distortions.

The reader is located in a prominent place and at a convenient height for use.

The installation of an electromagnetic lock is carried out in accordance with the instructions and the installation diagram provided for specific model. When laying electrical wiring electrical safety rules must be followed. When working in the access control and management system, the controller is connected to a single network with access to the host computer.

Installation kit.

The kit for installing an electromagnetic lock must necessarily include the lock itself in a durable case with a yoke, mounting strips and fasteners for mounting on the canvas and door frame in the position specified by the manufacturer. Other devices may need to be purchased separately.

When picking, the compatibility of the equipment and its technical data are taken into account. To do this, it is better to consult with a competent specialist or pick up everything you need in a specialized store, where you will be given the necessary advice.

When installing, you will need a controller, a reader with a set of keys, a power supply, an exit button. To increase the reliability of the entire system, it should be equipped with an uninterruptible power supply. In case of organization centralized system access control requires a computer (server) with appropriate software.

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