Do-it-yourself staircases from ready-made elements. Manual for the manufacture of wooden stairs to the second floor with your own hands

Building a staircase to the second floor is a rather complicated procedure, but with experience and a good step-by-step guide, this can be done on your own. The main difficulty in this case is that the dimensions of the span and the angle of inclination of the structure must be calculated with the utmost accuracy, since both the durability of the structure and the convenience of its operation largely depend on this. A reliable and aesthetically pleasing staircase is a great chance to test yourself and gain valuable experience for subsequent work in your private home.

First, you should decide what role your staircase should play in the overall interior. Such a design can serve as a decorative element or be invisible; moreover, the staircase can become the central element of the whole design, according to which the whole room will be designed. But before choosing a specific option and starting directly manufacturing, it is necessary to find out how this kind of staircase works in general, and determine its required dimensions.

Construction - what are interfloor stairs made of

And they consist of a large number of structural elements. You definitely cannot do without some, while the rest, on the contrary, may be absent in some variations of the described design.

To begin with, steps must be present in the structure, as well as supports supporting them - these are the main elements of any interfloor structure of this type. The step itself is an element consisting of two parts perpendicular to each other. In professional terms, from the riser and the riser. The latter, by the way, serves as a kind of support under the approach, but you can often do without it.

As for the supports, they can be of two types:

• kosour (this is a special beam that supports the steps from below);
• bowstring (a similar beam for steps, only it supports them at the ends).

The next structural element is the railing. They are extremely important, although they are not available on all types of construction. And if elderly relatives or children live in your house, there is certainly no way without a railing.

Finally, balusters are special vertical supports for railings, often necessary not only for practicality, but also for decoration. Different materials can be used for balusters, and the shape of the elements is also different.

Note! Due to the wide variety of stairs, they may have such details that are required exclusively for this design. Let's get acquainted with them.

• Boltsy. By them are meant special bolts intended to support the steps. They can be attached both to them and to the walls themselves. They are not often used, but only for some versions of the stairs.
• Racks. Such elements are used in the construction of spiral staircases. Steps are attached to one such rack with an appropriate step, having a special shape and forming a spiral, which rises to the second floor from the first.

Which version of the stairs to the second floor to choose for the house?

So, first we determine which ladder we need, and make the appropriate calculations. As a rule, in private houses there are metal, concrete and wooden stairs.

According to their design, they can all be:

1. screw;
2. rotary;
3. straight.

There are, by the way, combined options with varying degrees of complexity, but we will not dwell on them.

Concrete stairs require a very strong foundation, and the construction itself takes a lot of time, but the finished structures are very durable and strong. Installing a metal ladder is nothing complicated, but on condition that you know how to work with a welding machine. But everyone can build a wooden structure if you familiarize yourself with the algorithm of such a process.

The simplest in construction is considered to be a direct mid-flight structure - a not very complicated staircase to the second floor with your own hands. It is quite compact, does not include too many details, and complex calculations are not required in this case. If free space is limited, then the best option is a spiral staircase, which, although it looks elegant, is not always convenient to use. For example, it will be difficult for you to lift something heavy or bulky on it. More difficult to install structures that consist of several spans, however, they are the most suitable option for buildings with a large distance between floors.

Stairs to the second floor with their own hands made of wood single-flight

This design consists of the following elements:

• stringers;
• risers;
• tread;
• railing.

With what each of these elements represents, we have already figured out, so we immediately move on to the main thing.

So, the height of a single-flight staircase to the second floor should be the same as the distance between floors + floors. To simplify the calculation, it is first necessary to determine the dimensions of the steps themselves. If children or elderly relatives live with you, then it is desirable that the steps be 15 centimeters high, in other cases this height can be 20 centimeters. It is undesirable to exceed the latter value, since the ascent will turn out to be steeper, and it will not be so convenient to climb.

As for the width of the steps, it should vary from 20 to 30 centimeters - the specific value depends on how much free space is allocated for the staircase. After all, the wider the steps, the more space will be required. Select the required dimensions, proceed to the calculation of the length of the base and the number of steps. Take the total height of the entire structure and divide by the height of one riser, and round the number you get to the nearest integer and multiply by the tread depth value. For example, the entire staircase to the second floor with your own hands will have a height of 300 centimeters, and the height of each riser will be 20 centimeters.

This will require 15 steps, because:

300:20=15

And if the width of each step is 25 centimeters, then the base should be 37.5 centimeters long (15x25 \u003d 37.5).

Step-by-step instructions for making stairs to the second floor

Having finished with the calculations, start making all the necessary structural elements. Stringers must be made of hard and dense wood, since they will bear both the weight of people and the weight of the entire staircase. Cut out a template from thick cardboard, making cutouts corresponding to the dimensions of the steps, while the slope should be the same as the angle of inclination of the stairs itself. Cut out grooves on the ends of the stringers, through which they will be attached to the ceiling and base, and then mark up in accordance with a pre-made template.

To cope with the subsequent work, you must prepare:

1. electric jigsaw;
2. hammer;
3. grinder;
4. drill;
5. level;
6. and finally anchor bolts.

Take a jigsaw and use it to make protrusions on the stringers in accordance with the markings, then carefully sand both sides. Next, cut out mounting holes in the floor beams or, alternatively, install metal supports. In the place where the first step will be located on the ground floor, install the support beam, fixing it with anchor bolts. Then install the stringers, without fail checking the slope through the level. Secure the stringers at the top/bottom with the same anchor bolts.

Now you can make the stairs yourself. Take dry boards whose thickness is at least 3.6 centimeters; the width at this time should be similar to the width of future steps or even slightly larger.

Note! When making risers, you can take boards 2 centimeters thick.

As for the length of the blanks, it should be the same as the width of the entire structure (that is, within 80-120 centimeters).

When finished cutting, carefully sand each piece to remove roughness and sharp cuts. The installation process itself is nothing complicated: coat the lower cutouts on the stringers with wood glue, attach the risers and align everything around the edges. Next, fix them using self-tapping screws, and lay the steps themselves on top. If you do not use glue, then wooden parts will create squeaks when loaded.

Lay all the steps in the same way, and then start attaching the railing. Balusters for railings are made from square bars or, alternatively, figured wooden blanks. You can mount on each step or through one (it all depends on what the characteristics of the span are). Fasten with screws, do not forget to close the hats with decorative caps. If the stairs to the second floor with your own hands will be located approximately in the middle of the room, you can equip the railing immediately on each side.

At the end, sand the finished staircase well and treat with an antiseptic. Then paint the wood or open it with varnish. It is important that the final surface is not too smooth - the roughness of the steps will significantly increase the safety of the inhabitants of the house. Apply the top coat in two or three layers, and before each new layer, the previous one must dry completely.

Straight concrete stairs

If your house is spacious enough, and the interfloor ceiling in it is made of concrete, then you may well build a concrete staircase. As a rule, people often build one of two design options:

1. monolithic;
2. combined type (here only the stringer is made of concrete).

Note that option #2 looks much more attractive. However, a concrete staircase requires formwork in any case, as well as a sufficiently strong base that can withstand such a weight.

To get started, prepare everything you need, in particular:

• moisture resistant plywood (can be replaced with an edged board upholstered in PET film);
• concrete;
• strong bars 10x10 centimeters in cross section;
• self-tapping screws;
• fittings or special knitting wire.

Note! The thickness of the board for the construction of formwork should be 3 centimeters, and plywood - at least 1.8 centimeters. Calculate all the necessary dimensions in the same way as for the design from the previous paragraph of the article, however, the strength characteristics of the base are required to be maximum.

Start work with the construction of formwork: take plywood or boards, knock them down in accordance with a pre-drawn drawing, avoiding cracks and observing the required slope.

When the formwork is ready, install it between floors and fix it with the same bars. Then lay out the reinforcement bars inside the formwork, tie them with steel wire. Where the railing will be installed, fix the wooden plugs, and only after that fill the entire box with the prepared concrete solution. It is important that the formwork be filled immediately, in one go, otherwise the solidity of the future structure will be broken.

After the concrete has set, dismantle the box, and moisten the formed steps with water from time to time, otherwise their surface may crack. Start finishing only when the concrete gains strength and dries completely. During the construction of stairs of the combined type, stringers are poured in the same way, and the formwork should be narrower (which is typical, the installation of steps should be taken into account here).

You can finish the finished monolithic structure with stone, wood, decorative tiles and other finishing materials. Before proceeding directly to the cladding, consider the weight - for example, the same tile will put a much greater load on the foundation than wood. You can attach any steps to concrete stringers, but they will look especially attractive with a tree.

Video - Self-made stairs

How to build a metal staircase

It is not so difficult to assemble such a structure, but this will require skills in working with a welding machine and metal elements in general.

So, to get started, prepare the following materials and equipment:

1. grinder with a grinding nozzle;
2. channel number 10;
3. file;
4. iron corners;
5. metal in sheets;
6. actually welding.

First, take a channel, cut it into segments and assemble a frame from them of such dimensions as the stairs to the second floor will be with your own hands. Next, take the corners and weld them to the ends of the resulting frame with the same step equal to the height of the steps. It is important that all corners are exactly perpendicular to each other. To facilitate the installation of the structure, you can weld the steps after the frame has been mounted and fixed.

Attach the upper elements of the frame to the upper ceiling with high quality, using anchor bolts for this purpose. Attach the lower ends to the floor of the lower floor. After that, weld the steps made of sheet metal and install the railing. When finished with the assembly, carefully grind the joints with a special nozzle or, alternatively, with ordinary files. At the end, treat the entire structure with an anti-corrosion primer.

How to make a spiral staircase

The main advantages of a spiral staircase are excellent decorative properties, as well as the fact that such a design does not take up much space. For example, a staircase 2.5 meters high will consist of 16-17 steps, while the base will be approximately 2 meters in diameter. One of the most popular ways to build spiral staircases to the second floor is to “string” triangular / trapezoidal steps onto a central axis. In this case, the width of the wide part will be from 30 to 35 centimeters, and the narrow one - only 15 centimeters.

For self-manufacturing stairs to the second floor you will need:

• two steel pipes 5 and 5.5 centimeters;
• primer mixture;
• wooden slats with which the template will be made;
• file;
• corners;
• welding machine.

A pipe with a smaller diameter will serve us as the main rack, therefore, its length should be the same as the interfloor distance. It is also recommended to concrete the staircase near the base to make it more stable (do not forget to set the structure vertically in advance). A large pipe must be cut into cylinders, the length of which is approximately 15 centimeters. Make sure all cuts are at a 90 degree angle, otherwise you won't be able to align all the steps horizontally.

Note! Cylinders should be put on the main pipe as tightly as possible, and there should not be any backlash. If the docking turns out to be loose, you will have to use sealing rings.

To make steps, you will need a template made from wooden slats. Glue the latter in such a way that the corners placed in the frame form steps of the required dimensions.

Weld each rung to the corresponding cylinder, then sand thoroughly. When all the necessary elements are ready, begin to assemble the entire structure. Put the steps on the axle, set the corners and weld securely.

The last step is the installation of railings and the final finishing of the entire structure. For the manufacture of railings, you can use:

• fittings;
• thin profile;
• chrome-plated pipes of small diameter.

Forged railings will also look very impressive. At the same time, do not forget that all metal surfaces must be carefully sanded, treated with a primer mixture and painted.

The spiral staircase to the second floor is assembled in a similar way, for which wooden steps are used. Wood blanks should be made in the form of trapeziums, after which a hole with a diameter of 5 centimeters is made in the narrow part. Further, using special seals, the steps must be strung on the axis and fixed there. At the end, railings are attached, the wood is primed, painted and decorated with decor.

Features of assembling stairs to the second floor on the rails with your own hands

As a result, one more interesting option should be considered on how a staircase to the second floor is built with one's own hands. In this case, we will talk about the design on the bolts, which got its name from him. Bolzen, which translates as "bolt". In other words, we are talking about a structure that is fixed on special bolts. Although in reality these are not even bolts, but fasteners made in the form of pins, at the ends of which there is a thread. Thanks to the bolts, the railings and steps are interconnected and also attached to the wall. As a result, we get an airy and light staircase that can decorate any private house. Moreover, in this case there are no risers at all.

Among other things, stairs of this type are both quite compact and stretched on a specific section of the wall. Despite the fact that these structures seem light, in fact they are strong and durable, they can easily withstand several hundred kilograms, which is why, in fact, they have become increasingly popular in recent years.

Note! It is quite obvious that it is impossible to install such a staircase in the center of the room, because, as we have already found out, the fastening is carried out to the wall. But most importantly, for the construction you need to use only high-quality and durable materials.

It is extremely difficult to calculate such a staircase with your own hands, but it can be purchased ready-made or ordered by specialists on an individual project. For more details on the installation of this design, see the video below.

That's all, good luck and warm winters!

Video - How to install a wooden ladder on the rails

One-story buildings in the private sector are built only to support economic activities, and are used as ancillary buildings. A full-fledged residential building with at least 2 floors. Therefore, one cannot do without such a functional element as a staircase to the second floor.

The problem of moving from one level to another can be solved simply - buy a ready-made kit and install it yourself.

Its cost starts from about 33,000 rubles (pine, 14 steps, a turning staircase with two spans). Do-it-yourself installation is easy. The problem is different - how will it fit into the interior, will it be necessary to adjust individual elements or partially reconstruct the 1st floor?

Many firms provide services for the manufacture of kits according to customer drawings, but as practice shows, such stairs cost 1.5 times more. That is why most often the most acceptable option is to make a wooden staircase with your own hands, from scratch.

How to do it, what to pay attention to - this is what this article is devoted to.

Terminology

Before proceeding to the consideration of design features, some specific definitions should be “deciphered”. The main elements are shown in the diagrams.

• Step. Its horizontal part is called a tread, the vertical (it may not be) - a riser.
• Support beams. If the steps are adjacent to them with end parts, then this is a bowstring. If they are "superimposed" on the beam and their edges protrude beyond it, then it is called a kosour.
• Railing supports. They are often called balusters or pillars. For screw construction, the term rack is used.
• Fasteners. In some types of stairs, the steps are fixed directly on the adjoining wall with special bolts - bolts.

Types of staircase designs

For self-production, the simplest are marching ones. For a private house, they are installed with one or two spans. Spiral staircases for self-assembly are much more complicated (this is discussed here). In addition, the production of the necessary calculations for them has its own specifics.

Features of calculating the parameters of the stairs

The following are general recommendations that are only desirable to focus on when designing an internal staircase. Since all houses (and premises) differ in architecture, dimensions, layout, there can be no single template in principle.

steepness

The optimal slope of the spans is in the range from 35 to 450. It is much more difficult to climb the steeper stairs (especially for people with disabilities, the elderly or small children). Yes, and carrying large, heavy things from floor to floor will also be complicated.

A flatter design is inconvenient in that more space will be needed for its installation, as the length of each span will increase. And what specific angle to choose is at the discretion of the owner.

Width

It is unlikely that anyone in a private house will move from floor to floor as part of a “group of comrades”, therefore, when drawing up a diagram, it is advisable to focus on the dimensions of one person. A staircase with a width of about 1.2 - 1.5 m for a private house is quite an acceptable option. And walking on it, and even carrying furniture will be quite convenient.

Step parameters

• Tread. A person's foot should completely fit on it (based on the 45th size), therefore the optimal step width is within 250 - 300 mm.
• Riser. In order to make it convenient for people of any height and age to move, its height is taken within 150 - 200 mm. Quite enough, regardless of the design.

On a note! All indicated dimensions are exactly the same for each step of one staircase. Otherwise, there is no need to talk about the convenience of moving.

Ladder height

It is defined as the distance from the floor covering of the lower floor to the ceiling + the thickness of the ceiling. For example, 270 + 40 - 310 (cm).

Number of steps

The height of the structure (310) is divided by the sum of the riser value and the thickness of the tread board, after which it is rounded up to a whole value (up). For example, if "magpie" is used, then 20 + 4 = 24 cm.

Total - 310: 24 = 13 (steps).

Recommendation - for stairs with more than 18 steps and a steepness of 450, special platforms should be installed. Depending on the purpose, they are called differently - rotary, viewing, intermediate. Consequently, the staircase itself will already consist of separate flights (flights). They can be of the same type, or made according to different schemes, since the site is not necessarily located exactly in the center of the structure.

Ladder length

It is easy to determine it, knowing the number of steps and the size of each tread. These values ​​are multiplied. If the steps have protrusions, then they are not taken into account.

Sometimes calculations show that such a design "does not fit" in a particular room. In such cases, either the number of marches is increased, or the so-called winder (turning) steps are equipped.

Winder steps - top view

Height of spans relative to the floor

It is necessary to focus on the height of a person + a small margin. The design is considered optimal, in which the distance between the extreme steps and the ceiling is at least 2 m. Otherwise, a tall person at the end of the span will have to bend his head.

materials

In most cases, a wood species such as pine is chosen. It is inexpensive, but it is not characterized by durability. Larch - in many ways preferable. The presence of a special resin in its structure makes the material even stronger when absorbing moisture. And this is important for a home staircase, given the specifics of its operation. All other options, for example, oak, cedar, maple and a number of others, cannot be called budget.

Before you start working with wood, it must be properly dried. Further shrinkage of the material (including twisting) will cause the staircase to literally fall apart.

The order of work on the installation of stairs

Consider the simplest example - single-flight stairs. This option can be considered basic, since the algorithm of actions is the same, regardless of the number of spans.

Preparation of structural elements

• Kosoura. The main requirement is that they must be absolutely identical. The board is only solid, without defects, not less than "forty". Accordingly, cuts are made under the steps in advance.
• Steps. The edges must be rounded, as sharp edges increase the risk of injury. The board is selected absolutely flat, carefully processed (polished). The length is calculated so that their edges protrude beyond the stringers by no more than 2 - 4 cm. Thickness - in the range of 300 - 400 mm.
• Riser. They do not experience significant load, since it falls mainly on the support beams. In order not to increase the total weight of the span, a board of 15 is enough for them.

Tip - it is better not to install risers for a private house, since it is much more difficult to clean on a staircase of this (closed) type.

• Handrails, balusters. It is unlikely that it will be possible to make them on your own so that the staircase becomes not only a means of transportation, but also a decoration of the house. Therefore, these structural elements should either be purchased in a store or ordered in a workshop.

Ladder assembly

Wall marking

According to the installation diagram and drawing.

Fastening of support beams (stringers)

The fixation of the upper part of the march is done in different ways (as convenient). Option number 1 - cuts are made in the floor beam. Option number 2 - metal stops are used, which are fixed on the beam with anchors. In any case, the junction of structural elements should be as reliable as possible.

To fix the bottom of the stringers, a support beam is mounted on the floor. To the wall - fixation on anchor bolts.

Installation of risers

If they are mounted, then they are screwed to the stringers.

Laying steps

They are fixed both on the support beams and on the risers (at least at one point, in the center).

For the convenience of work, the installation of steps begins from the bottom. The options are shown in the diagram.

Installation of balusters

First of all, the extreme ones are fixed - above and below the march. A “bowstring” is stretched between them, focusing on which, you can mount the rest of the racks.

Handrail Installation

They are fixed on each of the racks, which are located on the march. They can be made from almost any material - metal, plastic, and not just wood.

Treatment

The article outlines only the general procedure and gives basic recommendations. Having decided on the specific design of the stairs, you should study all the available material on this topic, since different models have their own nuances of both installation and calculations of individual components. For example, rotary steps, which can be either rectangular or segmental.

You can watch a video instruction for making a wooden staircase:

But the general rules of work are described in detail, and the author hopes that this article will help the reader in the matter of self-design. Good luck!

• Samples of finished stairs

The construction of stairs in the house is not an easy process, but doable. The main difficulty lies in calculating the angle of inclination and span parameters, because not only ease of use, but also the durability of the structure depends on this. A solid and beautiful staircase to the second floor with your own hands is an opportunity to test your strength and gain experience for further home improvement.

First you need to decide on the type of stairs in order to correctly make calculations. The most commonly used stairs in the house are wood, concrete and metal; according to the configuration, they are straight, rotary and screw. There are also combined designs of varying complexity.

Concrete products require a very strong base and a lot of time to manufacture, but at the same time they are the strongest and most durable. The installation of metal structures will not be difficult for those who know how to use welding, and anyone who is familiar with the technology of this process can make a wooden staircase.

A direct flight staircase to the second floor is considered the easiest to install; it consists of a small number of parts, takes up little space, does not require complex calculations. Screw structures are used where there is little free space; they look very elegant, but are not always easy to use. It will be problematic to lift something large and heavy along such steps. Multi-span structures are more difficult to build, but they are ideal for houses where there is a large distance between floors.

simple wooden staircase

A single-flight staircase consists of stringers, railings, treads and risers. The tread is the horizontal part of the step, the riser is the vertical part. Stringers are load-bearing structural elements with special cutouts along the upper edge for fastening steps. Instead of stringers, bowstrings are often used - load-bearing beams with grooves for steps. Riser and railings are optional, but for convenience and safety, it's better to have them.

The height of the stairs is equal to the distance between the floors plus the thickness of the floors. To simplify the calculation of the length of the span and base, you first need to determine the parameters of the steps. If elderly people and children live in the house, the optimal step height is 15 cm, for the rest, a height of 20 cm will be more convenient. It is not recommended to make the riser even higher, as the rise will be too steep and less comfortable.

The width of the step is 20-30 cm, and here a lot depends on how much space can be taken under the stairs. The wider the steps, the more space the structure takes up. When suitable dimensions are selected, the number of steps and the length of the base can be calculated. To do this, divide the height of the stairs by the height of the riser, round the resulting value to an integer, and then multiply by the depth of the tread. For example, if the total height is 3 m and the height of the riser is 20 cm, 15 steps will be required:

3000:200=15

With a step width of 25 cm, the length of the base is 15x250=3750 mm.

Manufacturing technology

When the calculations are made, you can begin to manufacture the elements of the stairs. For stringers, very dense hardwood is needed, because they must support not only the weight of the structure, but also people. A template is cut out of thick cardboard, on which the cutouts correspond to the size of the steps, and the slope is equal to the angle of the stairs. At the ends of the stringers, grooves are cut out for attachment to the base and upper floors, after which they are marked according to the template.

For further work you will need:

• jigsaw;
• grinder;
• building level;
• anchor bolts;
• drill;
• hammer.

With an electric jigsaw on the stringers, protrusions are made according to the marking, then they are processed on both sides with a grinder. Holes for fasteners are cut out in the floor beams or metal supports are installed. On the floor of the first floor, along the line of the lower step, a support beam is installed and fixed with anchor bolts. After that, the installation of the stringers is carried out, be sure to check the angle of inclination with the help of a level. At the bottom and at the top, the stringers are fixed with anchor bolts.

The next step is the manufacture of steps. To do this, take dry boards with a thickness of 36 mm; their width should be equal to the width of the steps or be slightly larger. For risers, boards with a thickness of 20 mm or more can be used. The length of the blanks must correspond to the width of the stairs - from 80 cm to 1.2 m.

After trimming, each workpiece must be sanded to remove sharp cuts and bumps. The installation process of the steps is very simple: the lower cutouts of the stringers are coated with carpentry glue and the risers are applied, leveling along the edges. Fix them with screws and lay on top of the steps. Glue is needed so that the wooden elements do not creak under load.

Alternately laying all the steps, proceed to the installation of the railing. Railings consist of balusters and handrails; for the manufacture of balusters, a square beam or figured blanks made of wood are used. Balusters are installed either on each step, or through one, depending on the slope and length of the span. Self-tapping screws are used as fasteners, which are often closed with special plugs for beauty. If the staircase to the second floor is located in the center of the room, the railing can be installed on both sides.

The finished structure is polished again and treated with an antiseptic primer. After that, you need to cover the tree with varnish, paint or other composition that does not form a too smooth surface. If the steps are rough, this will increase their safety for the household. The coating is applied in 2 or 3 layers, with each layer being completely dry before applying the next.

In a spacious house with concrete floors on the second floor, you can make a concrete staircase. Most often, two types of structures are mounted in houses - monolithic and combined, in which only the kosour is concrete. The second option looks more attractive and elegant. For the manufacture of a concrete staircase, formwork and a very solid foundation are required.

In the process of work you will need:

• edged board, upholstered with a film, or waterproof plywood;
• durable timber 100x100 mm;
• knitting wire and fittings;
• self-tapping screws;
• concrete mortar.

Formwork boards are chosen with a thickness of 3 cm, the thickness of plywood should not be less than 18 mm. All dimensions are calculated in the same way as for a wooden staircase, but the base must be as strong as possible. They start with the formwork assembly: boards or plywood are knocked down according to the drawing, observing the angle of inclination and preventing the formation of cracks.

The finished formwork is installed between floors and fixed with wooden bars. After that, reinforcement is laid out inside the frame, tying the transverse rods with wire. In places where the railings are installed, corks made of wood are fixed, and then the formwork is poured with a ready-made mortar. You need to fill the frame immediately, otherwise the solidity of the base will be broken.

When the concrete sets well, the formwork is removed, and the surface of the steps is periodically moistened to avoid cracking. You can start finishing only after complete drying and hardening of the concrete. For the manufacture of a combined staircase, the kosour is poured in exactly the same way, but the formwork is made much narrower and takes into account the installation of steps.

For finishing a monolithic structure, wood, stone, tile and other materials are used. When cladding, the weight of the material should be taken into account, because tiles and stone put a greater load on the base than wood panels. Any steps can be attached to a concrete kosour, such a base goes especially well with a tree.

For the manufacture and installation of a direct metal staircase to the second floor, you will need:

• steel channel No. 10;
• metal corners;
• welding machine;
• sheet iron;
• file and grinder with a nozzle for grinding.

The channel is cut into pieces and a frame is assembled from them according to the size of the stairs. Corners are welded to the side faces of the frame at regular intervals equal to the height of the step. All corners should be parallel to each other. To make it easier to install the structure, the steps are welded after mounting and fixing the frame.

The upper ends of the frame are securely fixed with anchor bolts to the ceiling of the second floor, the lower ends are fixed to the floor. Next, sheet metal steps are welded and railings are attached. Upon completion of the assembly, the joints are ground with a nozzle or processed with a file, after which they are coated with an anti-corrosion primer.

This design takes up little space and looks more decorative. With a height of 2.5 m, you will need to make about 15-17 steps; the diameter of the base will be about 2 m. The most common way to install spiral staircases is to string trapezoidal or triangular steps on the central axis. The narrow part has a width of 15 cm, the wide one is 30-35 cm.

To make a spiral staircase yourself, you will need:

• steel pipe with a diameter of 50 mm;
• pipe with a diameter of 55 mm;
• wooden slats for the template;
• corners for steps;
• welding machine;
• file;
• primer.

The smaller diameter pipe is the center post, so its length must correspond to the distance between the first and second floors. For greater stability of the structure, it is recommended to concrete the rack at the base, after setting it vertically. A pipe of larger diameter is cut into cylinders about 25 cm long. The cuts must be strictly perpendicular, otherwise the steps cannot be aligned horizontally.

It is very important that the cylinders fit tightly on the central tube and do not form backlash. If tight docking does not occur, seal rings will be required.

For the manufacture of steps, it is convenient to use a template from the rails. Wooden slats are glued together so that the corners inserted into the frame form a step of the specified parameters.

Each stage is welded to its cylinder and carefully polished. After the manufacture of all the elements, you can begin to assemble the structure. The steps are put on the axial pipe, set the angle and tightly welded to the axis.

The final stage is the fastening of the railing and finishing. Railings may consist of fittings, chrome-plated tubes, thin profile; wrought iron railings look very elegant. All metal surfaces must be sanded and treated with a primer, painted.

Similarly, a spiral staircase to the second floor is assembled from wooden steps. Wood blanks are made in the form of a trapezoid, in the narrow part of which a hole with a diameter of 50 mm is drilled. With the help of special seals, the steps strung on the axis are fixed on the central rack. Next, railings are installed, the tree is primed and painted, decorated with decor.

Video - How to make a staircase to the second floor

Video - Do-it-yourself wooden staircase

Houses with more than one floor cannot do without such a structure as an interfloor staircase. Many specialized organizations offer services for their manufacture and installation, which are not cheap. Making a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands will be much more practical and cheaper.

Wooden stairs to the second floor can be marching and spiral. For the construction of stairs to the second floor with their own hands, marching ones are considered the easiest. They can have one or more spans, depending on the specifics of the building and the overall design. To calculate all the parameters, you can use the generally accepted rules. In our article "" you can understand in more detail the issue of creating a staircase with several spans.

• If the number of steps in the flight of stairs exceeds 18 pieces, it is recommended to make intermediate platforms.
• Number of steps. Divide the length of the flight of stairs by the height of the step. The height of the step is the sum of the height of the riser (15-20 cm) and the thickness of the tread.

Important! Using steps with a tread width less than the width of the foot is not only inconvenient, but also not safe!

• The length of the flight of stairs. For the calculation, it is necessary to take the start and end points of the flight of stairs according to the level of floors from the first to the second floor. Having height and width, according to the formula for calculating the hypotenuse of a right triangle, we calculate the length of the flight of stairs. In this case, a safe tilt angle of 30° to 45° must be taken into account.
• The height of the spans should correspond to the height of a person plus 20 cm, so as not to bend over and not be injured on the upper flight of stairs or the ceiling. The optimal height between the steps and the ceiling is 2 meters. The calculation begins with measuring the height between floors and the dimensions of the stairwell.

Material for stairs

For the manufacture of stairs with their own hands, planed wood is selected, which does not have spikes, deformations, or surface irregularities. Dry the wood before starting work. To give it a deeper color, the surface is treated with stain. After that, several layers of waterproof varnish are applied to the wood.

High-quality wood for stairs should be of the first grade and have a moisture content of no more than 10%. It is not recommended to use material with a moisture content of more than 10% for the manufacture of stairs. When dry, the wood will warp and the stairs will creak. To make a ladder with your own hands, they use both budget varieties of wood (pine, birch, ash) and more expensive elite ones (oak, cedar, maple).

Characteristics of some types of wood:

• Pine is a wood most often light gray in color. It has low strength and is easily exposed to external influences. With high humidity, it may increase in size. It is in demand due to its low cost.
  
  
• Birch - light wood, has a homogeneous structure. Demanded raw material due to low price.
  
  
• Ash - characterized by a light color and a specific structure of the fibers. The process of working with it is not difficult, it is a well-bent material, but the strength indicators are even higher than those of oak.
  
  
• Oak is one of the hard varieties of light yellow color. It is generally accepted that products made from this tree are the most durable and strong, which is reflected in the price.
  
  
• Maple - due to the lack of pores, it is highly durable. This grade does not absorb moisture, as a result of which products from it can be placed outside buildings. Along with this, maple is very difficult to process.
  
  

Do-it-yourself installation of a single-flight wooden staircase

This method is considered a reference, since the installation procedure, regardless of the number of spans, is the same. The kit includes stringers, railings, treads, and risers. Treads and risers are called the horizontal and vertical parts of the steps, respectively. Kosour - the main bearing part, in which special grooves are cut for mounting steps.

Preparing the stair parts

Do-it-yourself staircase assembly

For installation of stringers in the upper part of the flight of stairs on the floor beam, it is necessary to make cuts for installation. Alternatively, instead of cuts, metal stops are used, which are attached to the vertical ceiling with anchor bolts.

In the floor of the lower floor, a support beam is mounted on the line of the lower step and locked with anchor bolts.

Installing steps is not difficult. It is necessary to apply a layer of glue on the cutouts in the stringers and attach the risers. Then the risers need to be aligned along the edges and secured with screws. Treads are laid on top of them. Do not be too lazy to use thin polymer strips in the form of tape. This simple secret will help to avoid friction of one wooden part against another, thus preventing unpleasant creaking during operation. The steps are fixed on the risers and stringers.

Advice! To make it more convenient to work, the installation of steps must begin from the bottom of the march.

When installing balusters with your own hands, you must maintain one level. To do this, the upper and lower balusters are installed, the thread is pulled and all the rest are installed according to its level. Balusters are fastened with screws or self-tapping screws, which are subsequently closed with plugs or smeared with special grout. Handrails are mounted on balusters and fixed on them. At the same time, handrails can be made from any material, not just wood.

Finishing

The assembled staircase is sanded again, paying special attention to butt joints and ends. After grinding, the stairs are covered with varnish, paint, wax solution or other protective agents. Each new layer is applied 2-3 times after the previous one has dried. Before painting, the wood can be given some kind of peculiar shade with the help of wood stain.

Do-it-yourself spiral staircase to the second floor, installation features

Spiral staircases are more beautiful, but their manufacture and installation are more difficult than marching ones. As a rule, screw structures are installed in places with limited space, where it is simply impossible to install a mid-flight ladder.

When calculating the heights and the number of steps, it must be taken into account that there must always be a clearance of at least 200 mm above the head and the height of the people living in the house must be taken into account when designing. To avoid discomfort, the vertical distance between the rows of steps should be about 2 meters. The width of the flight of stairs is about 0.8 meters. Regardless of the type of stairs, these are the optimal dimensions that provide comfortable movement.

The most convenient tread depth at the support is from 15 cm, at the end of the step at least 35 cm. The average height of the riser is about 20 cm (if any). It is often recommended to abandon the risers on spiral staircases. This has a number of significant advantages:

• there is an opinion that without them the rise is more convenient;
• the weight of the entire structure is significantly reduced;
• saving money on materials.

Handrail for spiral staircase

Wooden stairs to the second floor are equipped with railings made of glued wood. They easily take the form of a spiral staircase if they are thoroughly soaked in hot water, held in the shape they should have, and allowed to dry.

Bending wood with subsequent fixation is a rather troublesome process and requires certain skills.

We make curved railings:

Curved railing processing:

It is considered normal to consider the height of the railing about 1 meter. They are attached to balusters, the height of which is selected individually for each specific project. Not every craftsman has access to a woodworking machine, so if you want to have turned balusters, you can just go to the nearest hardware store to get them. They are inexpensive.

With all this, it must be remembered that spiral staircases to the second floor have limited functionality, since it is almost impossible to transport furniture and bulky materials along them. It cannot be used by 2 people walking in different directions at the same time. But in any case, a handmade staircase is a kind of achievement and pride.

Private houses are becoming more and more popular every day. Few people are interested in one-story houses. Two - three-story houses are much more common. Moreover, in our time it is difficult to surprise anyone with a two-level apartment.

A house with more than one floor is hard to imagine without stairs. This article will discuss how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands. This is not an easy task. It takes a lot of effort and time. The staircase should not only look good from an aesthetic point of view, but also be strong enough to be used for many years.

Most often, people prefer wooden stairs. They fit well into any interior and are good from a practical point of view. It is very important to choose a really high-quality tree, the service life of your stairs will depend on this.

Wooden stairs come in different types, shapes and sizes. Each person chooses based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bits house (in a limited space, not every staircase can be installed) and their material capabilities. The more complex the design of the stairs, the more expensive it is.

The most common types of stairs are:

• screw. Such stairs are relevant for houses where every centimeter is precious. It can be placed on a plot of 1.5 meters. But, only one person can go up and down such a ladder. It will not be possible to move any overall loads along it, since it may not withstand the load. But, building such a ladder is quite problematic. This requires skills and a special tool. If you do not take into account the slightest detail, the staircase will not be stable. Therefore, it is better to hire professionals to install a spiral staircase.

• marching. Stairs of this type can be of two varieties - straight and rotary. They can be located in different parts of the house. It depends on the interior and the amount of space. Some people allocate a place for her near the wall, others put her in the middle of the hall, or room. It is much easier to make such a ladder yourself. Every man can cope with this task. If the staircase is high enough (more than 10 steps), then it is better to divide it into several parts. There will be a small landing as a separating element. It is much more convenient and attractive than an ordinary multi-step staircase.

If you are faced with the need to install stairs for the first time, and your budget is strictly limited, then an ordinary straight staircase is the best option, you can calculate the cost of stairs and make them yourself.

For this you will need:

• Wooden bars, 40 mm thick. We will make stairs out of them.
• Screws made of stainless steel. They will be needed for the installation of the stairs.
• Beams for tread. Their thickness must be at least 30 mm.
• Beam for bowstring.
• Railings and handrails. They can be made from wood yourself, or purchased ready-made.

These are just the basic elements necessary for the creation and self-installation of a wooden staircase to the second floor. This list can be expanded depending on which type of stairs you choose.

Installing stairs to the second floor needs to remove a lot of attention. All elements must be carefully fixed to each other. If you are in any doubt, seek the advice of a professional. Be sure to treat the stairs with special tools for wood. In this situation, a wooden staircase made by hand will serve for several decades.

A photo

Photo - stairs to the second floor