New building materials for building a house. Innovative building materials

When choosing a suitable project for a future home, developers primarily focus on the speed of installation work, because for a modern person any delay seems to be a serious problem - these are the realities of our fast-paced life. It is also important that we all do not want to face unpleasant moments that may be caused by seasonal changes in the weather, as this will negatively affect the delivery time of the object, and the desire to quickly find a new home makes us accelerate. That is why people are increasingly interested in new technologies in the construction of private houses..

Modern technologies in construction

Now let's talk about the practical aspect, because it is also important. For example, if you rent a construction tool that needs to be paid daily, who wants to overpay? This is where advanced solutions come to the rescue, allowing you to implement a typical project in just two or three months. So what do the authors of innovative developments offer us, and what can we successfully implement at our construction site?

Modern and popular technology

We want to immediately draw your attention to the fact that new technologies and high-tech building materials are different concepts, although they are in the same plane. For example, foam concrete blocks, rounded wooden logs and OSB slabs are products that have appeared not so long ago, but this is by no means a house building technology, another thing is the method of their installation. Here you have a non-standard approach to the usual construction process, and an improvement in the performance of private houses, but let's talk about everything in order.

TISE

This abbreviation is more familiar to us under the name "folk", also known as "movable formwork", and in full it sounds: Individual Construction Technology and Ecology. This invention belongs entirely to our compatriots, which is doubly pleasant. The main advantage of this innovative approach is that you can build a house with your own hands, without the help of specialists.

Application of moving formwork technology

Technology principle

Modern construction of private houses, based on this method, is characterized by pouring pile or column foundations, often understaffed with a grillage. Your main tool at this stage will be a drill, which was specially designed for TISE.

The walls of such houses are assembled from hollow lightweight blocks, formed directly on the construction site using modular formwork, which must be periodically moved. The whole point of the construction method is that you fix the modules (forms) in the place where the wall of the house will be, and pour concrete into them. When the solution hardens, the modules are dismantled and transferred to a new location.

Construction of walls according to TISE

pros

If you all decide to build such a structure, then you will certainly be pleased with the absence of the so-called cold bridges, which modern developers are struggling with with varying success.. Also, you do not need a whole team of builders, because this kind of construction does not require more than 2 - 3 people, including the owner of the house, and even then only for individual processes (moving the formwork, drilling the soil).

Formwork dimensions

In this case, you do not have to rent or buy special equipment, which significantly reduces the construction estimate. Moreover, you can independently choose the composition of the filler for the walls of such houses and combine materials (as an option - brick with concrete).

frame construction

At present, we rarely resort to such a technology for building houses, but this is rather due to a lack of information among private developers, which can change in a short time, which means that there is a prospect for its distribution.

Peculiarities

After the foundation is poured, proceed to the assembly of the frame. This design consists of beam elements arranged horizontally, vertically and diagonally, and articulated with each other. As a rule, wooden or metal frame elements are used here - it all depends on the personal preferences of the owners of the houses.

Wooden frame assembly

Metal blanks, of course, are stronger, but their connection will require drilling technological holes, which can be replaced by welding, and this complicates the process, but we want to build a house quickly and without difficulties. Based on the intricacies of working with metals, wooden "skeletons" remain more popular.. Most often, this is a beam that facilitates the construction of wooden houses using new technologies due to the correct geometry.

Frame structure design

The walls here are a kind of sheathing, and they can be built from various materials, with which they work according to new principles:

Please note that the second option is more difficult to implement (we are talking about the fact that we want to build a dwelling with small forces). It is difficult enough to assemble ready-made shields correctly without violating technology. Yes, and without a crane it is impossible to lift such massive elements, and this significantly complicates the process and leads to its rise in price.

Advantages

Any type of foundation is suitable for the construction of such buildings, no matter what soils it will be poured on, even if we are talking about problematic landscapes. There is also the possibility of a quick redevelopment, not incurring high costs. The same applies to extensions, with which you can easily increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bprivate houses - install additional frame elements and sheathe new walls.

For finishing, you can use any materials, there are no restrictions.

3D panels

New trends in the construction industry sometimes represent modified principles that appeared earlier, and with 3D panels, vaguely reminiscent of the method of assembling frame-panel houses.

Construction from 3D panels

Panels produced on an industrial scale are not prefabricated panels, but monolithic polystyrene foam plates, pre-reinforced with reinforcing meshes on each side. Between themselves, they are connected with the help of metal rods, which penetrate the structure diagonally and go beyond it. It is not difficult to build a house from such blocks, because they are quite light in weight, and the assembly is strong and reliable.

Features and Benefits

Here there is no "skeleton" of the house in its classical sense, and instead of it there are panels connected by a rigid coupling and forming the load-bearing walls of the building. After their erection, the structure is covered with a "shirt" of concrete on each side of the mounted panels.

3D panel design

The polymeric material of which modern panels are made allows you to minimize heat loss, and this is an essential point in the construction of modern houses, both wooden and panel. You can also build a structure from SIP panels - these are also new materials in the construction industry. However, they are little used on private construction sites due to their large dimensions.

Basically, such material is chosen for the installation of large-scale objects. If for some reason you still do not leave the idea of ​​​​using SIP panels on your own site, it is better to order them from the manufacturer according to individual drawings, which will cost a pretty penny, and a lot.

Fixed formwork

One of the most well-known technologies, often used in private construction due to its availability and ease of execution.

Ready-made house using fixed formwork technology

Construction principle

Like TISE technology, here the basis of the principle is that you can quickly build a house without a team of craftsmen.

Fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene

Fixed formwork can be formed from block or panel elements, which during operation are placed along the perimeter of the base at a certain distance from each other, forming a partition. Reinforcement is placed in the cavity between the blocks and the concrete mass is poured.

pros

As mentioned earlier, you can build such a house yourself, which will save you a lot of money. Assistants may be needed only at the stage of pouring the foundation and during the installation of floors, otherwise you can handle it yourself. At the same time, by choosing the right filler for wall formwork, you can not worry about additional thermal insulation.

It turns out that the construction of houses can be inexpensive and quite simple, and we are talking about both block structures and their wooden counterparts. Knowing and applying the latest technologies, building a quality home today will not be difficult.

Your own home is what each of us would like. In order to have our own home, we are ready to save money for many years, keep savings in the bank and work hard. A home is not only a place where we will live for a while, but also something that we will leave to our generation. After all, we do not build such a structure with the calculation of temporary residence, because we hope that the house will be built with high quality, and several of our generations, children or even grandchildren will live in it. What memory of ourselves we leave depends only on us.

Many factors influence the construction of a house, such as: the amount of funds for construction, the location of the house, the climatic conditions of the region, and much more. And when choosing a building material, your head is spinning, because more and more new materials appear on the market, those that are more expensive and those that are cheaper, those that we know something about, and those that we can see for the first time. However, you must agree that when choosing a building material, you need to take into account not only its advantages, but also all its inherent disadvantages. Let's look at modern building materials for the walls of the house.

Basic materials for building a house

Although no houses are exactly the same, however, almost all of them are built from the same materials, such as stone or wood. However, all these materials are pre-treated, which gives them the necessary properties.

Let's take, for example, a tree: glued or simple beam, log, gun carriage. At first glance, everything seems simple. However, it should be noted that such materials have very different characteristics. For example, a rounded log and a bar are two completely different materials in terms of their characteristics. But this is not even all wooden materials.

If we talk about a stone, then we are not talking about a wild stone, but about an artificially created one. Such a stone was created with all the necessary properties that are needed when building a house. Although there are really a lot of varieties of such a stone, they can still be classified into three types:

1. Brick.
2. Blocks where cement acts as a binding component.
3. Blocks made from clay or lime.

The largest variety of materials exists in the group of building blocks, the binding component of which is cement. Often, lightweight concrete is used in construction, the difference of which is the brand of cement, heat-insulating components and the composition of the filler.

Brick

Brick is one of the most common materials in residential construction. With this material, you can build not only a house from scratch, but also complete additional structures. Why is brick so popular? Because such material is strong enough, not afraid of fungus, frost-resistant. Compared to wood building materials, brick does not rot. Also, it is not afraid of fire, ultraviolet rays and does not give a strong precipitation. Brick is a durable material that meets all environmental standards. The strength of a house built of bricks is explained not only by the quality of the material, but also by the method of laying, since the upper row is knitted onto the lower row of bricks. Thus, you will not see any continuous vertical seams on the wall.

Of course, learning how to do masonry with your own hands is not difficult at all. This is possible even for those who do not have much experience in construction work. However, such work will be easier to perform for a qualified specialist, since he knows many of the subtleties in performing such work. Another disadvantage in building a brick house is that the brick has a high heat dissipation, which leads to a rapid cooling of the room, and it will take several days to warm up the house. In addition, you won't be able to finish all the construction work fast enough, because brick is a heavy material, because of which you will have to wait for the house to completely shrink, that is, several months (although wood shrinks for about a year). Well, perhaps one of the main drawbacks is that the price of a brick is quite high.

I would also like to talk about silicate and ceramic bricks. It is these two types of bricks that are often used in construction work. Therefore, this information will be useful to you.

ceramic brick

Has a red tint. It is made from fired clay, which makes the material quite durable. Since clay is a natural material, the brick does not have harmful toxic substances. It can be hollow and full-bodied, it all depends on the percentage of emptiness inside the material. Such a brick has good thermal insulation properties.

silicate brick

Has a white color. It consists of sand, lime and a small part of the necessary additives. Like the previous version, this brick is also made both solid and with holes inside. The advantage of solid silicate brick is the variety of colors. A brick with cavities inside has better thermal insulation properties. Both options are quite durable.

Cellular foam concrete and aerated concrete blocks

What makes these two materials different? Inside the foam concrete there are cells with air, and inside the aerated concrete there are cells with hydrogen. Both the first and second types of materials have their pros and cons. Let's consider each of them separately.

foam concrete

Laying with such material is not a very laborious process, since the blocks are quite light and slightly larger than bricks. The foam block has good heat-insulating properties. An important advantage of the foam block is that it will not be difficult to give it the necessary shape and size. The thing is that it can be cut with a simple hacksaw or chopped off with an ax. Thanks to this, you can give the block different shapes, make it oval, create bay windows, etc. In addition, the foam block does not burn, and it is quite convenient to transport it.

Among the shortcomings, it can be distinguished that the foam block is a material that has moisture-absorbing properties. Full shrinkage of the walls will be completed in about a year. Only after complete shrinkage, you will be able to proceed with the facade and interior work of your home. As for the foundation, it must be made of stable foundation slabs or monolithic concrete, thanks to which the walls will not crack.

aerated concrete

A fairly cheap material for building a house, which is why it is very popular in the construction industry. The gas block has a small weight, it is even lighter than the foam block, which reduces your labor costs. You can give the material the required size and shape using the same hacksaw. Such material boasts high-quality thermal protection and high strength. According to some experts, aerated concrete combines the strength of stone and the lightness of wood.

A big disadvantage of aerated concrete is that the wall will constantly accumulate moisture. To avoid this unpleasant phenomenon, the surface of the wall must be sealed with a high-quality waterproofing finish. The second disadvantage is that the material is quite brittle, so when the wall is displaced, large cracks can form. To avoid this, you need to build a high-quality strip foundation.

Expanded clay concrete

The composition of such a material includes fairly light components, such as foamed and defatted clay. Although the material is lightweight, it is used both for creating partitions and for load-bearing walls. It has such advantages:

• more moisture resistant in comparison with concrete;
• resistant to aggressive environments;
• has excellent soundproofing properties.

The downside of expanded clay concrete is that when moisture enters the pores, it reduces its frost-resistant properties. The porosity of the material also affects its strength, since you have to constantly calculate whether the lower blocks can withstand the weight of the next row.

Building walls with wood

Log cabin handmade

Our grandfathers used this method of building walls in the house. How did everything happen? First, the size of the tree trunk was determined, after which grooves and locks were cut out on the tree. After that, the logs were connected, while laying out the outlines of the house. Further, it was necessary to wait for the complete shrinkage of the house, which would occur during the year. Only after that they began to seal the cracks and trim the doors and windows. However, this method is no longer used, since it is a rather complicated and time-consuming work. A new method has come to replace it, we will talk about it further.

In the construction of residential buildings and outbuildings, new technologies are increasingly being used today. For the construction of buildings, modern materials are used that have excellent performance, reliable, environmentally friendly and durable.

What are the latest technologies in construction can be used

Innovative in our time include methods of building houses from:

• glued beam;
• foam concrete blocks;
• aerated concrete blocks;
• SIP panels.

Even when using conventional construction technologies, modern methods of finishing, hydro- and thermal insulation, pouring of enclosing structures, etc. can be used.

Properties of glued laminated timber

This new material is most often used for the construction of houses and baths. New modern construction technologies are not always cheap. Glued laminated timber belongs to the materials to some extent elite. Since it is quite expensive, household structures are rarely erected from it. The main advantage of this new material is strength and precisely calibrated geometric shapes. Due to the special configuration of glued beams, it is very easy to assemble houses from it. In addition, unlike profiled, such material does not shrink. The buildings erected from it look very modern and neat.

However, glued bursa has one small drawback. The fact is that glue is used in the process of its manufacture. As a result, such an important indicator as environmental cleanliness is deteriorating.

New technologies in the construction of houses, involving the use of glued beams, are not particularly difficult. However, when choosing this material itself, experts advise to pay attention to the manufacturer. It is worth buying such a bar only from trusted companies. Material purchased from an unknown company may be of poor quality. In this case, the walls assembled even in compliance with all recommendations can subsequently shrink, crack, start to rot, etc.

Advantages and disadvantages of foam concrete blocks

The latest technologies in construction involve the use of not only natural materials processed in a special way, but also artificially made. For example, country houses are very often built today from foam blocks. Such buildings are simply remarkable performance characteristics. The advantages of foam blocks include:

• the ability to "breathe";
• excellent heat-preserving qualities;
• light weight;
• ease of use.

Lay the foam blocks on the glue. Moreover, it is applied, unlike cement mortar, in a very thin layer. As a result, cold bridges do not form in the walls.

But, of course, this material has its drawbacks. These include fragility in the first place. When erecting walls of foam concrete, it is imperative to use reinforcement. In addition, foam blocks are afraid of moisture. That is, for example, it is not worth building a bathhouse from them. Even residential buildings built from this material must be additionally sheathed with finishing material or finished with special plaster.

New technologies for the construction of private houses: aerated concrete blocks

This is another material that has gained immense popularity among the owners of suburban areas. Like foam concrete, it is a special man-made stone with a large number of small voids inside. Due to this structure, blocks of this type retain heat very well and are lightweight. The advantages of aerated concrete, among other things, include the ideal geometry of forms. It is very easy to trim walls from this material, because they have a perfectly flat surface. You can build a house from aerated concrete blocks very quickly. However, such walls also require reinforcement.

Characteristics of SIP panels

New technologies in construction, which have come to us from other countries, often allow us to build inexpensive buildings with excellent performance characteristics. In cottage residential and summer cottages today, quite often you can see light houses from SIP panels. The technology of building buildings from this material is called Canadian. The fact is that it was invented in this cold country. The main advantage of SIP panels is that they can be used to build very warm houses. The advantages of this material also include:

• Ease of installation. You can assemble a Canadian house in just a couple of weeks. In this case, it is not necessary to hire a construction team. The technology of building houses from SIP panels is very simple. They are attached to the beam with self-tapping screws.
• Ease of finishing. The walls of houses made of SIP panels are perfectly even.
• Possibility of quick redevelopment. Putting new or removing old partitions in such a house will not be difficult.
• High degree of sound insulation. From the side of the street, no sounds penetrate into such houses.

The latest technologies in construction, of course, can have not only pluses, but also minuses. The main disadvantage of SIP panels is that they do not let air through at all. As a heater in their manufacture, expanded polystyrene is used, which is also considered not too environmentally friendly material. In addition, such plates burn well.

Today on sale you can also find SIP panels with mineral wool. The risk of fire when using such material is significantly reduced. However, mineral wool also has a rather significant drawback - it is afraid of moisture.

What new technologies are still being used?

Among other things, in our time, such latest technologies in construction can be used, such as:

• penetrating waterproofing of foundations, walls and other concrete structures:
• pouring walls using mortar and fixed formwork;
• assembly of LTSC frames.

What is penetrating waterproofing

In Europe, this technology for protecting building structures from moisture has been used for quite some time. It was first used in Denmark. It is a penetrating waterproofing, a special composition intended for the treatment of foundations, walls and other structures erected using cement mortar. After application to the concrete surface, it penetrates into the pores and dries to form insoluble crystals. Thus, the absorption of water by concrete during the operation of structures is excluded.

Fixed formwork

New technologies in the construction of private houses often make it possible to build very inexpensive, light and at the same time warm walls. The main advantage of the technique of pouring enclosing structures using fixed formwork is the speed of work. When using such plates, it is possible to build the walls of even a large house in just one and a half to two weeks. A fixed formwork is made of warm polystyrene foam. Ease of assembly is determined by the features of its design and low weight. The use of such sheets, among other things, allows you to build buildings of the most complex layout. The fact is that on sale today there are not only ordinary, but also non-standard blocks of this type.

Some disadvantage of the building construction technology using fixed formwork is the need to use absolutely homogeneous concrete. Also, during construction, the assembly of the reinforcing cage should be taken with the utmost responsibility.

What is thin-walled steel structures

When erecting various kinds of structures of a large area, new materials and technologies can also be used. In the construction of various kinds of hangars, warehouses and ancillary facilities, light metal profiles can be used. Of these, the frame of the structure is assembled. With the use of LTSC technology, attics, utility and residential buildings are erected. But more often hangars for various purposes, storage and auxiliary premises are assembled on a profile frame. The advantage of such a metal base is, above all, ease of assembly. If necessary, the structure can be easily dismantled and put in a new place.

The disadvantages of LTSC include, first of all, deformation with significant temperature fluctuations and the impossibility of achieving high energy efficiency. Steel structures, unlike wooden ones, can freeze in the winter.

The high cost and complexity of building buildings and structures using traditional methods is the main reason for the need to use new technologies in construction. The use of modern materials allows you to assemble reliable structures quickly and at minimal cost. That is why SIP panels, foamed concrete blocks, glued laminated timber, etc. are becoming more and more popular. In most cases, in our time, houses are built precisely with their use.

The first and main issue to be resolved before the start of construction of a country house is the choice of material.

Not only the comfort of living, but also the level of energy saving depends on the correctness of his decision. Let us consider in more detail what materials are offered on the market today and how each of them fits into the universal formula "price-environmental-friendliness-energy saving".

Brick house (brick, ceramic blocks)

There are two advantages of such a building - durability and environmental friendliness. Indeed, in terms of its bearing capacity, a brick wall is not much inferior to a concrete one. At the same time, it does not contain crushed granite, which gives a radiation background in buildings with a monolithic reinforced concrete frame and floor panels. However, in terms of energy saving, walls built entirely of solid clay or silicate bricks are seriously inferior to other materials.

In order to meet the modern rigid framework of energy efficiency, the thickness of a brick wall must be at least 120 cm. It is clear that there is no point in building such a powerful "bunker". Therefore, nowadays brick is losing its primacy and is most often used as a decorative exterior cladding.

Attempts to improve the energy-saving qualities of bricks have been going on for a long time. To do this, voids of various shapes (point or slot) are made in it. Such a modification gives a small increase in the energy efficiency of the wall structure, but does not fundamentally solve the issue. If we add to this the laboriousness of building walls from small-sized standard clay bricks, it becomes clear that he needs to look for a replacement.

A good solution to the question of what is better to build a house from is to buy, produced under various brands (Porotherm, Kerakam, Poroton, etc.)

This large-sized material (250x250x140 mm, 380x250x219mm, 510x250x219mm) replaces 4 to 14 standard bricks (250x120x65mm). Thanks to this, the laying process becomes faster and easier.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of such walls is 0.21 W / m ° C, which is almost 3 times less than that of ordinary bricks. In terms of strength, the ceramic block is also not inferior to it (100 kg / cm2) and at the same time it has good frost resistance (up to 50 freeze-thaw cycles) and vapor permeability.

The only drawback of porous ceramic blocks in the recent past was their high cost (more than 4,000 rubles per 1 m3). In 2016, the average price for this material decreased and ranged from 3,500 rubles per cubic meter.

House from building blocks

Large-sized building blocks seriously pressed the standard clay brick. And the point here is not only that their installation requires less time and effort. Affordable price is an important factor determining the choice of a developer. Since the list of building blocks produced today is quite extensive, we will talk separately about each type.

Foam and gas blocks

These materials today enjoy deserved popularity in low-rise construction. The fundamental difference between foam and gas blocks lies in the manufacturing technology and internal structure.

Aerated concrete is obtained by introducing a powder blowing agent into a mixture of cement, sand, lime and water, which creates a network of small through channels inside the material. A foaming agent is added to the raw material for foam concrete, which creates closed pores filled with air inside the block. This also significantly reduces the weight of the unit and increases its energy-saving characteristics.

Open channels serve as good conductors of moisture, so gas blocks need to be protected from getting wet. The foam block is more profitable in this regard, since it absorbs less water. The thermal conductivity and frost resistance of these materials are almost the same.

Density is in the range from 300 to 1200 kg/m3, which allows the developer to accurately select the block for their needs. Manufacturers produce heat-insulating (density from 300 to 500 kg / m3), structural and heat-insulating (500-900 kg / m3) and structural (1000-1200 kg / m3) blocks in several thicknesses - 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm.

This allows you to make the wall warm without additional costs for laying insulation and its protection. To do this, it is necessary to lay a thinner heat-insulating block (15 cm) in the outer row of masonry, and make the inner layer of denser structural and heat-insulating blocks 30 cm thick.

Thanks to the ideal geometry, a do-it-yourself block house without the involvement of professional masons is built quickly and requires minimal finishing in the form of putty or decorative plaster.

The cost of these materials starts from 3000 rubles. for 1 m3. In their reviews, the owners of houses made of lightweight cellular blocks highlight the low cost of construction and minimal heating costs.

Expanded clay blocks

Without abandoning the use of solid bricks, builders invented in the last century. This composite material consists of expanded clay gravel (pellets of burnt and porous clay) and a cement mortar that holds them together.

The material turned out to be quite warm (density from 500 kg / m3) and very durable (you can build houses up to 3 floors high).

For the price, the expanded clay concrete block looks attractive (from 2900 rubles / m3). The environmental friendliness of this building material also deserves attention. The absence of synthetic and polymer additives, good vapor transmission allow it to be fully used in housing construction.

Shell rock blocks

In the era of cheap cargo transportation, the shell rock was a serious competitor to the expanded clay block. This "free" material, which had only to be cut out of the marine sedimentary massif and loaded into wagons, has become "biting" today.

Judge for yourself, the price per cube with delivery to the central regions of Russia reaches 5,000 rubles. Coupled with the fragility and poor geometry of the stone, the developer can only rely on its excellent environmental friendliness.

Arbolite blocks

The main components of this material are wood chips and sawdust (4:1 ratio). They not only make the block warm and light, but also reinforce it, increasing its strength and crack resistance.

The binder, as in the case of expanded clay blocks, here is the cement mortar. The density is in the range from 500 to 850 kg/m3. From it you can build low-rise buildings without using a reinforced belt. This material is sufficiently elastic, therefore, without the formation of cracks, it can withstand the load from floor slabs. The breathability of wood concrete blocks is high and quite comparable with wood.

Its low density speaks eloquently about the good heat and sound insulating qualities of wood concrete. Impregnation with cement makes wood chips durable and resistant to decay. Finishing the walls of wood concrete does not require the use of a reinforced mesh, since the rough surface of the material perfectly holds the plaster. The price of wood concrete blocks starts at an average of 4,000 rubles per 1 m3.

Teplosten blocks

The developer's dream of a masonry material, which simultaneously contains a load-bearing part, insulation and exterior finish, has found its embodiment in Teplosten blocks.

By design, it is a three-layer "sandwich". Its outer and inner layers are made of expanded clay concrete, and inside there is foam. Dissimilar materials in the contact zone protect the fiberglass rods installed inside the block from delamination.

On the outer face of the three-layer block, we see a textured pattern. Having built a new house from this material, the owner can only paint the walls in the desired color, without resorting to expensive decorative plaster.

Appearance of the Teplosten block

The main disadvantage of Teplosten blocks is obvious. This is a foam plastic enclosed between layers of expanded clay concrete. It does not allow water vapor to pass through, so without forced ventilation the house will be damp. Manufacturers solve this problem by releasing special blocks in which there is a vent with a grate.

If the owner of the future house from Teplosten blocks does not take care of the ventilation problem in time, then the foam plastic can give him another unpleasant surprise. Consider the physics of the process of diffusion of water vapor through a wall. Having met an insurmountable obstacle in the form of foam plastic on its way, water vapor will condense in the inner layer of expanded clay. This will lead to wetting of the walls with all the ensuing uncomfortable consequences for living.

The cost of Teplosten blocks starts from 7,000 rubles/m3. Despite the rather solid price, let's not forget that such a wall does not require insulation and rough finishing.

cinder blocks

They were produced in the 80s of the last century as an inexpensive alternative to scarce bricks. Today, cinder blocks are rarely used in residential construction. The large weight and high thermal conductivity of cinder block walls require insulation with mineral or ecowool slabs (10-15 cm) and high-quality finishes.

The cost of cinder blocks offered today to private developers is low and ranges from 2300 to 3000 rubles per 1 m3.

Houses made of logs, timber, wooden frame

At the same time, you should know that a warm enough house for permanent residence can only be built from a log with a diameter of at least 40 centimeters. Today, the standard thickness of the walls of a log house is from 24 to 32 cm, which does not meet the requirements of thermal engineering standards. Therefore, in order not to spend significant amounts on heating, a wooden frame must be additionally insulated.

The cost of 1 m3 of rounded logs prepared for laying in 2016 is from 7,000 to 10,000 rubles. The cost of dry profiled timber is even higher and starts from 10,000 rubles per cubic meter.

For glued profiled timber, which gives minimal shrinkage and is practically not subject to warping, sellers ask from 22 to 26 thousand rubles. Forecasts of market specialists indicate that in 2017 a price jump for this material is not expected.

Finishing a brief review of materials for the construction of wooden houses, a few words should be said about the frame technology.

It is difficult to call it high-speed, since the degree of factory readiness here is practically “zero”. At the facility, builders assemble a frame from individual beams and boards, spending no less time on this than masons laying blocks. But in terms of reliability and durability, a house built using frame technology is not much inferior to capital structures made of wood.

There are no problems with energy saving in such housing either. The customer can choose any thickness of insulation, without spending money on external insulation and finishing, as in the case of block or log construction.

Since no one regards the frame in cubes, then we will have to compare the cost of 1m2 of a frame wall with the cost of a log and timber wall.

The main elements of the frame - racks, board, mineral wool, vapor barrier, wooden blockhouse or DSP slab (outside), drywall or lining (inside) are considered quickly and simply, amounting to a total of 1,200 rubles / m2.

At the same time, the cheapest wall made of logs with a thickness of 32 cm will cost you 2,500 rubles per 1 m2. Do not forget that it will still have to be insulated, spending from 250 to 300 rubles. Thus, at the price of materials, the “framework” noticeably outperforms the log house.

With the same heat-insulating ability, the wooden wall of a frame house turns out to be cheaper than a block one (a frame with 150 mm mineral wool versus 40 cm thick aerated concrete blocks + 5 cm mineral wool).

SIP panel house

This material cannot be called optimal from the point of view of environmental friendliness, although the manufacturers of such buildings are trying to prove the opposite.

The main advantage is the high speed of construction. It is difficult to categorize these designs as cheap.

The cost of 1 m2 of a sandwich plate, depending on the thickness of the insulation (10,15,20 cm), ranges from 900 to 1500 rubles. For comparison, the cost of 1 m2 of a gas block wall 40 cm thick is about 1200 rubles.

LSTK (light steel structures)

The undivided dominance of drywall technology has prompted engineers to create a more durable analogue for assembling the frame of low-rise buildings. So a new technology was born. It was based on light steel structures (LSTS).

The assembly of buildings from a steel profile is similar to the installation of wooden "frames". At the same time, LSTC houses surpass them in terms of durability, biostability and fire safety. The speed of construction of such housing is lower than when using SIP panels, but higher than that of block and log construction.

The high cost of the metal is the main drawback of the LSTK technology. The average cost of materials for the construction of 1 m2 of a metal profile wall is about 2,400 rubles.

concrete panels

Large-sized expanded clay panels are rarely used these days. The main reason for the low demand is the minimum choice of sizes and layout solutions.

Expanded clay concrete wall panel

However, one can quickly build a new house from them compared to using bricks, timber or cellular blocks (the price of 1m2 of a 34 cm thick panel does not exceed 1,300 rubles). To this price you need to add the cost of insulation (150-200 rubles per 1m2). Without it, the wall will not meet modern thermal standards.

Summing up our review, we will give brief practical recommendations.

1. Among the most popular budget options for low-rise construction are gas and foam blocks, expanded clay concrete blocks and a wooden frame.

Ceramic blocks, which were included in the category of expensive materials, have fallen in price in most regions of Russia today. Therefore, we will also rank them in the category of budget solutions for private construction. Excellent heat-insulating qualities, impeccable environmental friendliness, a large selection of standard sizes - all these positive qualities of ceramic blocks deserve your attention.

2. Arbolite blocks occupy a higher price step. The house from them turns out warm and durable. It creates a comfortable microclimate and comfortable acoustics. The disadvantages of wood concrete should include the dependence of quality on the production capabilities of a particular manufacturer. Not all companies producing this material use high-quality wood chips, adding a large amount of sawdust and substandard woodworking waste to the feedstock.

3. Blocks Teplosten and LSTK at first glance cause sympathy. Houses from them are built quickly and not expensively. At the same time, many developers have reasonable doubts about their reliability and environmental friendliness, which does not have the best effect on the popularity of these materials.

4. Installation of a house from SIP panels can rightfully be called the fastest and most budget option. It is difficult to attribute these designs to the category of popular solutions, since there are serious doubts about their environmental friendliness and reliability.

5. A log and profiled timber, as a first approximation, look quite budgetary. However, here you need to take into account the additional costs of insulation and regular antiseptic treatment of walls. In addition, the quality of log cabins strongly depends on the quality of the material used and the qualifications of the installers. The main advantages of round logs and profiled timber are environmental friendliness and aesthetics.

6. Glued laminated timber is an elite building material. Beautiful and environmentally friendly houses are being built from it, which cannot be classified as budget houses. The lack of shrinkage and high assembly speed please developers who have chosen this option.

Concluding our review, we note that when looking for the best option for building a new house, you need to:

• Find out the availability and price of the material you like in your region.
• Study the reviews of the owners of houses built from it.
• Get as much information as possible about suppliers, manufacturers and contractors offering construction services from the material you are about to buy.
• Visit construction exhibitions in your region, production workshops and facilities under construction. Here you will receive valuable and objective first-hand information.

The purpose of this article is to help potential developers figure out which modern building materials are attractive not only in terms of their price, but also in terms of the expediency of their use in the construction of private houses.

The growth of individual construction has led to the appearance on the market of various materials, including those that no one had heard of before. The range of building materials is so large that even specialists are often lost, not knowing what is better to choose.

As a rule, individual developers are guided by the following indicators: the price of materials (including facing); the ability to perform all operations with your own hands to the maximum; the total weight of the structure, since the type of foundation and the cost of its installation largely depend on this; the cost of finishing work; durability; the frequency of current (major) repairs and operating costs (mainly for heating).

Firstly, comprehensive information on each sample is a topic for a separate review. Secondly, ideal materials do not exist. Each material has its pros and cons, which will be discussed. Thirdly, many of the shortcomings of materials are very relative, since the manifestation of their defects is mainly caused not by product quality, but by the builder's excessive self-confidence, elementary violations of the technology of construction and installation works and the technical illiteracy of builders on issues of thermal and waterproofing, thermal expansion of building materials , their compatibility, etc., etc.

What kind of house do you need? Need to decide

There are three main types of houses built by private developers.

to the first type refers to a residential building for permanent residence those who live in the countryside, but their labor activity is connected with the city and for those who want to run their household on their own land.

These are, as a rule, capital buildings with a full range of additional premises, such as a boiler room, workshop, sauna, garage. Such houses are designed for year-round use, so their walls must have thermal insulation properties in accordance with the climate of the region.

The engineering equipment of houses for permanent residence should provide maximum communal amenities, surpassing a city apartment in terms of comfort.

to the second type rank as a "second home" or the so-called cottage, serving for temporary residence in the suburban area. Buildings of this type usually take into account the possibility of year-round living, so their walls are treated with the same attention as in houses for permanent residence.

to the third type houses include dachas and garden houses - houses for seasonal living or short-term visits, where you can come to spend the weekend in the warm season. Most often, such houses are operated at temperatures not lower than -5 degrees, so the wall thickness rarely exceeds 25 cm (in one brick), and engineering support is reduced to installing a stove, an outdoor toilet and a well, usually for several houses.

All of these well-known wall designs have their pros and cons. Therefore, the developer needs to have at least a little idea not only about the total cost of building a house from this material, but also about the advantages of the material for which he makes his choice in favor of this wall design, and what disadvantages he will therefore be forced to put up with in further during the operation of the house.

Before starting the construction of a cottage, it should be remembered that the box of the house - the foundation, walls and roof - sometimes takes more than 60% of the cost of the house. And in these costs, about 50% are enclosing structures or walls.

If you decide to build your own house, the first thing you will need to figure out is the amount of materials you will need to build it. The process of counting all the necessary things is quite capacious, tedious and time-consuming, but it is essential for a stable and successful construction. So let's start with the calculations.

• Decide on the size and volume of the house. Determine the exact footage you need for housing, distribute all the premises, rooms in this footage and select their arrangement.
• Use the services of a specialist. You can study specialized forums or sites that provide statistics on how much each type of building material is needed for a certain size of a building or room.
• If you could not find the necessary information on the network, go to the store and consult with the seller. Ask him which of the available materials suits you best, which materials have the highest quality ratings, and how much of a particular product you need to fill the entire footage.
• Make the final choice between traditional and modern building materials. You evaluate not only the means, but also the manufacturability of construction and the duration of operation. Modern technologies make it possible to obtain material with higher indicators of "survivability", and at the same time at a very reasonable price. The assembly process can be much easier and the end result look neater and cleaner.
• Review your notes before you go to the store. Make adjustments, calculate the quantity and price of all goods. Remember to order building materials with at least a five percent surplus for emergencies.

The strategic issue is the type of walls. To begin with, we will consider three options for wall structures that are widely used in private housing construction.

good old tree

The traditional material for Russian housing construction is wood. About 33% of our houses were built from it.

People who are wondering what it is better to build a private house from, this material often comes to mind. After all, a wooden house is health and comfort. Its walls not only “breathe”, but also make the air healing, retaining harmful substances. Wooden walls create optimal humidity in the room and smell pleasant.

The walls of the house made of wood have good thermal insulation and keep warm in winter and cool in summer. The heating costs of a wooden house can be significantly lower compared to brick walls.

A wooden house can be built from logs (rounded or profiled) and / or from timber (plain or glued).

Hand-cut log house

This method is the oldest, it was used by our grandfathers and great-grandfathers. It's a hand-crafted cut. The tree trunk is cut to the desired length, and then locks and grooves are made on it. Next, the logs are connected, laying out the outline of the house. You definitely need to wait for shrinkage - this is about a year, no less. Then they caulk the cracks and sheathe the boxes of windows and doors.

Today, this method of building a wooden house is not used. Everyone can build a house from round logs. Such a structure is assembled, like a designer, we will talk about this later.

It is easier and faster to build a house from a bar

Neat smooth logs are processed under production conditions and marked. Ready-made parts are delivered to the construction site from which the walls are assembled. The beam can have different sizes and sections (rectangular, square, in the form of the letter D). If it is profiled, then it has protrusions and grooves for connection. An oblique cut helps drain excess water. You can build a house from this material with your own hands.

There are several types of timber for building a house.

Beam sawn made of logs with a moisture content of 50 to 70%. As soon as he is cut out, he immediately goes to the construction site. Because of this, the house is subject to shrinkage (up to 10 cm). And sometimes there are cracks on the walls.

Beam planed dried under production conditions. Humidity of the finished product - from 20 to 25%. After drying on a special machine, the products are planed. As a result, the shrinkage of the house, although it exists, is very small.

Glued timber made of several layers of lamellas (special boards dried to 6 or 10% humidity). They are glued under pressure, while the fibers of adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other. Finished products are up to 12 m long and 7.5 to 30 cm thick. They do not shrink, deform or crack. Therefore, many believe that glued laminated timber is the best material for the walls of a wooden house.

The positive aspects of wooden houses are obvious - these are environmental friendliness, frost resistance, speed of construction, seismic and wind resistance. In addition, wood does not need additional cladding, which promises good budget savings.

There are also disadvantages, but they are relatively few. Firstly, wood is a capricious material. For example, wooden houses often shrink. Shrinkage at home is a natural process of changing the volume of walls due to the drying of the material from which they are made. The maximum shrinkage is about 10% and is observed in houses from freshly cut logs. Such a building needs to stand without finishing for at least 8 months, and usually a year.

In the process of shrinkage, the house may crack, which are coated with special compounds. Minimum shrinkage is observed in houses made of glued laminated timber and ordinary dried timber. Such materials are almost immediately ready for finishing. However, it will take a lot of money to insulate a house from a bar.

Another disadvantage of wood is flammability, a fire can destroy such a structure in a matter of minutes. Therefore, wooden houses are impregnated with special compounds that increase their fire resistance.

Special compounds are also needed to protect against decay and insects. Impregnation is a necessary measure, and the special equipment themselves are not always environmentally friendly. In addition, a wooden house requires constant care, especially if it is intended for seasonal living, it must be heated, as damp wood begins to rot.

In general, the durability of wooden houses built by specialists, in compliance with all technological nuances, ranges from 70 to 100 years.

Briefly - the advantages of wood materials

This is one of the most environmentally friendly materials. Building a wooden house is not as expensive as a brick one. In terms of thermal conductivity, wood is significantly superior to brick. A wooden house is usually very beautiful. Often it does not require finishing either inside or outside. The foundation is required light and inexpensive. For example, columnar. A wooden house, especially a hand-cut one, serves for a very long time.

Briefly - the disadvantages of wood materials:

The tree burns, can rot and be "eaten" by the fungus. To prevent this, all parts must be treated with special preparations. Shrinkage of a log house can go from 3 to 5 years. Planed timber and log cabins can crack.

Brick - he is a brick

Brick is one of the most popular materials on the market. More than 50% of houses in Russia are built of brick

Ceramic brick and silicate brick. What is the difference?

Two types of bricks are used in construction: silicate (white) and ceramic (red) bricks.

ceramic brick has a red color. Such material is not afraid of frost and does not pass water. It can be full-bodied (no more than 13% of voids) and hollow (up to 49% of voids). The shape of the holes in the brick can be round, square, oval, horizontally or vertically. With an increase in their number, thermal insulation properties improve.

For the construction of external fences, construction teams prefer ceramic bricks. Seven grades of ceramic bricks are produced: from M75 to M300. The higher the numbers, the stronger the brick. You should also pay attention to frost resistance, denoted by the letter F. The lowest quality is F15, the highest is F75.

silicate brick consists of a mixture of quartz sand, water and air lime. It is strong enough, resistant to frost, has good sound insulation. The silicate brick is white. Its main components are lime, sand and a small proportion of additives.

This type of brick is also produced both solid and with cavities inside. The latter is lighter, and the walls made of it are much warmer (air is an excellent heat insulator). But a solid silicate brick may interest the developer in a variety of colors. For the strength of a brick, it does not matter whether it is full-bodied or with cavities inside.

Ordinary and front brick and their purpose.

Both types of bricks are used for different purposes. Ordinary brick is also called building brick - it is used for interior masonry walls. For him, small cracks are not considered marriage. It does not matter if the corners or ribs are slightly beaten off and there are notches in the corners.

The front (facing) brick must have an impeccable appearance, not have notches and flaws.

On the strength of bricks and resistance to frost

Strength determines the brand of brick. There is a special marking for this indicator: the letter M and a number nearby (from 75 to 300). This number is the load that this brand can withstand per square centimeter. The higher this number, the heavier the brick. For the walls of a two-story or three-story house, the M100 and M125 brands are suitable. The plinth or foundation is laid with bricks M150 or M175.

When choosing which brick to build a house from, frost resistance should also be taken into account (the ability to freeze and thaw without being damaged). The letter F was chosen to denote this indicator, next to which there is a number from 15 to 100. It means the number of freeze and thaw cycles without damaging the material. In warmer areas, F15 is sufficient for external walls, where it is colder - F25. The cladding is usually made with F50 brand bricks.

The main advantages of brick are strength, fire resistance, a wide variety and choice on the market, as well as an acceptable price. A small brick house can sometimes cost less than a wooden cottage. Brick keeps the temperature well and in this sense, it is ideal for houses where year-round living is planned. But at the same time, in terms of heat transfer, brick is seriously inferior to wood.

Brick also has a lot of drawbacks. To build a brick house, sometimes one and a half times more time must be spent than to build a wooden house. Brick is a heavy material, which complicates its logistics and storage. A brick building needs a strong and powerful foundation, and these are additional costs.

A brick house can stand for 100 - 150 years. He will perfectly survive the rains with hurricanes and hail, and severe frosts, and withering heat. Brick walls have been laid since ancient times, so the technology for their construction has been worked out to the smallest detail. But a good master is not easy to find.

Briefly - the advantages of brick: Attractive look. Durability. The ability to bring to life any complex project. Resistant to corrosion, mold and mildew. Fire resistance. Noise protection. Good heat retention.

Briefly - the disadvantages of bricks: Big weight. High demands on professionalism in laying. The need for a solid foundation. The need for a heat insulator

Inexpensive frame house

And from what cheaper build a house? For some, the answer to this question is the most important. In this case, take a closer look at the wireframe technology. In addition to the cheapness of such a home, the speed of assembly is also impressive. Just a few weeks - and you can move into a house that will be warm and comfortable.

The basis of such buildings is a frame made of wood or metal. It includes rafters, racks, trusses and other elements. Then a heater is placed, and on top all this is sheathed with dense sheets of chipboard or OSB. The wall of such a house weighs 15 times less than a brick one.

There is not much expensive wood for the frame - 5 or 10 times less than for a log house. Insulation is the main item of expenditure. However, he, even the best, gives the cost of the wall 1.5 times cheaper than from timber, and compared to brick - 2.7 times.

Frame houses can be of two types:

Frame-panel house- assembled from ready-made shields. First they connect them, then they make partitions between the rooms. The final stage is the construction of the roof.

Frame house- made on the basis of the "frame" - a frame of beams and logs, based on the foundation. Next, they put the rafters and make the crate. After the roof is made, the frame is sheathed with insulation (mineral wool or PPS). At the end, the outer skin is made.

Since the main material in the construction of a frame house is a heater, when making the correct calculations of the required amount, the building turns out to be warm enough, which will allow you to significantly save on heating.

Briefly - the advantages of a frame house: Extremely low price and fast installation. Good heat saving (when the heating is turned off in the cold at minus 10 ° C, the temperature will decrease by 2 ° C per day). There is no need for interior decoration, which reduces costs. Communications can be hidden inside the walls, which saves space. No special skills are required to build a frame house cheaply and quickly. With a wooden frame, the most incredible designs become possible. A real flight of fancy is possible. A small shallow foundation is enough for a frame house.

Briefly - the disadvantages of a frame house: a frame house is considered not very environmentally friendly due to the large amount of insulation. Another problem of these houses is various insects and rodents. Like all wooden houses, they are combustible, unstable to natural disasters. Another problem of frame houses is that they are stuffy, so supply and exhaust ventilation is required. A house on a frame will last less than a brick or wooden one.

Instead of a conclusion

What you need to know when choosing material for the walls of the house?

Wall materials and the production of works on the construction of enclosing structures is a third of all the costs of building a house. And if you, like the piglets Nif-Nif and Nuf-Nuf, carelessly treat this serious choice, you will inevitably incur serious expenses in the future.

Therefore, we will consider the most important criteria and factors that must be considered when choosing a material for building walls at home.

A) The question of price. Costs can be reduced by using lightweight material for the walls. Then you do not have to build a powerful and expensive foundation.

B) Thermal insulation. Cold walls will cost too much in winter. Therefore, before choosing a material, you need to make all the calculations, focusing on local climatic conditions. To achieve the desired degree of thermal insulation, you can resort to the help of heaters. If you take a material with good thermal insulation properties, then the walls can not be insulated, but it all depends on the region of development.

B) labor costs. Time and effort can be reduced by building walls from large blocks, and not from small pieces. Such walls are erected 3-4 times faster and easier. The highest speed is when erecting frame panel walls.

D) Subsequent finishing costs. Modern smooth and aesthetic materials do not require additional wall decoration - this saves money.

In order to decide what is better to build the walls of a house from, it is necessary to consider the main types of suitable building materials, determine and compare their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

Comparison of different wall materials

№	materials	Advantages	disadvantages		Cost of materials and works $/M2
1	2	3	4		5
1	Brick (minimum thickness - 380 mm)	Reliability, durability, environmental friendliness.	The need for insulation, labor intensity, heavy walls, you need a powerful foundation		75
2	Keramoblock (thickness - 380 mm)	Reliability, durability, environmental friendliness, erection speed.	brittleness of the material, need a highly qualified specialist.		82
3	Rounded timber (diameter - 200 mm)	environmental friendliness, rapidity erection.	Shrinkage of walls, great dependence on the quality of the material and specialists, combustibility, decay.		44
4	Glued profiled timber (200/230 mm)	environmental friendliness, construction speed, lightweight foundation.	Flammability, decay.		111
5	Aerated concrete (thickness - 380)	construction speed, durability, reliability, environmental friendliness, thermal insulation.	A solid foundation is needed; low bending strength.		60
6	Wooden frame + sandwich panels with insulation.	construction speed, good thermal insulation, lightweight foundation	The durability of a house depends on technology and construction quality.		44

And more advice. When choosing a material for building a house, you should not approach the upcoming construction “in a big way”. A person, in fact, does not need so much space for complete happiness, especially outside the city. All the savings that you achieve by reducing the cost of materials and construction technologies can be crossed out by extra floors, rooms and spaces.

We wish you success in finding and finding the only right solution!

Text: Valery Bordyuzhenko -