How to care for irga in spring. Selection and preparation of planting material

Irga is a powerful, tall culture, its berries ripen simultaneously with currants. Irga will contain a lot of pectin (up to 7%), and this is a good natural sponge that removes waste and toxins from the body. Irga is an absolute non-capricious berry culture. It is unpretentious in care, winter-hardy and undemanding to the timing and place of planting. Will take root in any cultivated area. In order for the plant to feel good, it is enough to follow the basic agricultural practices.

I became interested in Irga more than 15 years ago. I was introduced to her by the outstanding and now deceased Professor E.P. Kuminov, a well-known breeder of berry crops, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences. I defended my Ph.D. thesis on irga and, thanks to the seedlings carefully sown by Evgeny Petrovich, brought out, which has been listed in the State Register since 2016.

Irgi planting dates

Irga is amazingly hardy. Even Michurin recommended Irga as a rootstock for growing apple and pear trees in the far north.

Irgu can be planted literally in frozen soil in autumn and winter. At the same time, she is not at all afraid that she will die. The main thing is that the root system of the seedling is well developed.

Place of landing irgi

On the one hand, the irga is undemanding, so the landing site can be any. On the other hand, you need to understand that a living plant will not grow in a swamp, in a hard shade it will always reach for the light, and on poor, dense soil it will not give a good harvest.

The best place to land irgi:

• soils with a neutral reaction of the environment, loose, moderately moist and moderately fertile.
• in winter to accumulate more snow, and melted, rain, irrigation water did not stagnate for a long time,
• the place should be protected from the north from the cold wind,
• level ground water located at least 2 m below the soil surface.

What to plant next to the irga?

Quite calmly next to the irga, stepping back 2.5-3 m, you can plant:

It is better not to plant next to the irga:

• (oppresses irgu),
• birch, (absorbs a lot of moisture from the soil).

Pit for planting irgi

The landing hole is prepared in advance, preferably a couple of weeks before planting the irgi. I advise you to dig a hole 25-30% more in width and depth than the volume of the root system of the seedling.

At the bottom of the landing hole, be sure to lay a drainage layer of 2-3 cm (gravel, expanded clay, broken brick, small stones). On top of the drainage, lay a layer of nutrient soil mixture of soddy soil, humus, topsoil (2 kg each) with the addition of 1 tbsp. l. nitroammophoski (complex mineral fertilizer). Mix everything thoroughly and put in the base of the hole, pour 1 bucket of water.

Rules for landing irgi

We place the seedling in a pre-prepared planting hole and sprinkle with soil:

1. on a moist nutrient soil mix we install root system saplings of irgi, carefully straightening the roots;
2. sprinkle the roots with soil, shaking the seedling a little so that voids do not form between the roots and the soil;
3. we compact the soil and water it with a couple of buckets of water;
4. mulch the surface with humus with a layer of 2 cm.

Should I deepen the root neck when planting irgi?

When planting, pay attention to the root neck - the place where the roots go into the stem:

• If you want a tree to form from a seedling, then place the root neck 2 cm above the soil surface.
• If you need a bush with replacement shoots that actively grow from the roots, then deepen the root neck by 2 cm.

Irgi landing scheme

The planting pattern of the irgi depends on whether it is a species or a variety. As a rule, varieties are characterized by restrained growth, so if you plant 2 plants of irgi different sort, then between them you can leave 3 m of free space. The same amount can be retreated from fences, walls of the house, other plants and buildings.

Features of planting types of shadberry

If we are talking about types of irgi, then the scheme and planting dates for them will be somewhat different. In total, 2 types of irgi are usually grown in culture:

1. irga alder-leaved,
2. irga canadian, or close to it in appearance, taste and size of Lamarck's fruits.

Irga alder-leaved differs in a less spreading crown, so 3 m between plants is enough. Due to the increased winter hardiness of the alder-leaved irgu and its varieties ( Starlight Night , mendan ) can be planted in autumn (before the soil freezes) and spring (after it thaws).

Irga Lamarck or irga canadian differ only in minor changes in the structure of the flower and are characterized by a strongly spreading crown. They need to be planted less often, retreating 4 m from each other. Irgu canadian , Irgu Lamarck and their varieties Slate ) it is desirable to plant or early autumn or in the spring. They are less winter-hardy than shadberry.

Irga care after landing

Caring for the irga after planting comes down to removing weeds in the near-growth zone, loosening the soil, and top dressing. Irgu is watered in drought.

For top dressing, shadberry in the spring make a complex mineral fertilizer(1 tbsp each of nitroammophoska), in summer - phosphorus and potash (1 tsp each of potassium sulfate and superphosphate), and in the fall you can get by with potash fertilizers (250-300 g of wood ash).

Pruning irgi after planting

• If the root system of the irgi seedling is not damaged, then pruning is not needed.
• If the roots are damaged, then it is advisable to at least approximately subordinate the above-ground and underground parts, cutting off the shoots by 1/3 of their length immediately after planting or in the spring.

Sanitary pruning of irgi consists in removing dry and broken shoots, those that grow deep into the crown, leading to thickening. Shrub pruning can be done at any time of the year, even in summer. Therefore, irgu is often used in, as.

What year after planting does the irga bear fruit?

The timing when the irgi plants begin to bear fruit depends heavily on the seedlings:

• If these are seedlings, then the fruits will have to wait 3-4 years, subject to good care.
• If these are grafted plants (for shadberry, mountain ash, hawthorn), then the fruits can be given already in the year of vaccination (spring copulation) or the next year (summer budding).

Nikolai Khromov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher

We want to settle a new resident in our garden this year, we ordered several varieties of shadberry from the nursery. Tell me how to plant irgu in the spring and where will it be better for her - in the sun or in partial shade? For us, this culture is new, except for currants and raspberries, there are no other shrubs on the site, but I really want the irga to bear fruit.

Irga on summer cottages is not very common, gardeners have only heard about it and are in no hurry to breed this plant, but in vain. This shrub is very decorative: green foliage flaunts on reddish shoots with a slight silvery sheen on reverse side plates, and fragrant white-pink brushes bloom in spring. But the main advantage of the culture is the small purple-black fruits that ripen in mid-summer. Sweet pulp is very tasty and healthy, as in fresh, and dried.

Irga takes root very well, is not demanding on the soil, can forgive forgotten watering, and also has high frost resistance.

One of the perennial breeding options is the spring planting of seedlings, which allows you to get a stronger young bush by winter, not afraid low temperatures. What is worth knowing about how to plant irgu in the spring? First of all, you should pay attention to such points:

• seedling selection;
• choice of landing site;
• landing pit preparation.

Where to get seedlings?

The best option would be to purchase a seedling from a local horticultural nursery - there you can choose suitable varieties and get a healthy plant. When going shopping, it is worth deciding for what purposes cultivation is planned.

As ornamental plant it is better to purchase the Lamarck variety, and large fruits in large quantities (up to 10 kg per bush) will please the alder-leaved irga.

If you wish, you can grow a seedling yourself by sowing seeds of the desired species. A full-fledged bush, ready for planting in open ground, will be in 2-3 years.

Where to plant?

Despite the fact that the irga is unpretentious, deeply shady areas are not her choice. There, the bushes will stretch out strongly, and the crop will shrink, decline and lose its sweetness. Light penumbra for shrubs is best suited. Regarding the soil, it is worth excluding places where water stagnates, otherwise the irga will be able to develop in any soil.

Since the culture has been growing in one place for more than 50 years, and all this time it has been actively growing to the sides, it is necessary to provide it with at least 3 m of free space.

How to plant?

In the chosen place, dig a landing hole to a depth of 0.5 m (the root system of the irgi is very powerful) and about the same width. Pour humus into the hole wood ash and mix a little. Plant a seedling, water abundantly and mulch the soil with compost. To give the bush shape and stimulate the formation of side shoots, you can cut the branches, leaving up to 5 buds on each.

Irga - fruit bush(small tree), grows wild in the Northern Hemisphere. It is distinguished by endurance and frost resistance, thanks to which it has become one of the favorite garden shrubs for Russian summer residents. In total, there are up to 25 species of this plant, however, no more than 10 are suitable for planting on the site. Among them are I. ordinary, I. Kolosistaya, I. Canadian and some others. Planting irgi and caring for it in the future is not only a procedure for rooting a seedling. For regular fruiting, the shrub needs to provide a well-lit place, fertile soil and do not forget about sanitary pruning.

Choosing a place on the site for growing shadberry

The shrub prefers well-lit open areas, but can also grow in the shade of trees with finely dissected leaves (mountain ash, sea buckthorn). In the shade of broad-leaved trees, its shoots will stretch, and fruiting will not be so plentiful.

Irga does not impose special requirements on the soil, but it will grow well on sandy or loamy soils. Perhaps the main requirement is the fertility of the substrate. With a lack nutrients there will be a lot of root shoots around the bush, which will have to be cut down periodically. It is not recommended to plant irgu in areas with high level groundwater, because the roots go deep into the ground (2-3 meters).

Irga - planting and caring for her is simple, but preparatory work should start six months before buying a seedling. Experts advise rooting a seedling in the fall, it is believed that frost-resistant species fruit crops so they get accustomed better, and next spring grow faster. The site is dug up in May to a depth of 20 cm, while introducing phosphorus and potash fertilizers, 40 g of substance per 1 m² is enough.

Planting a sapling of irgi

Seedlings are purchased in nurseries, the age of the plants should be no more than 2 years, otherwise the survival rate will drop sharply. When planting several copies, it is necessary to keep a distance, depending on the type and variety of the plant, it should be from 1 to 1.6 m.

When growing shadberry, a planting hole is dug out of impressive size - 60x60x50 cm, where 50 cm is the depth. The top layer is laid in one direction, and the bottom layer in the other. fertile land ( upper layer) is used to prepare the substrate:

• garden soil - 3 parts,
• river sand - 1 part,
• humus or compost - 1 part,
• potash fertilizer - 140 g,
• phosphate - 350 g.

If necessary, drainage is laid at the bottom of the landing pit. Then, the prepared substrate is partially covered and a small elevation (hill) is formed from it. So it will be more convenient to straighten the roots of the seedling. Having placed the irgu, the pit is filled up. The main thing is not to sprinkle the root neck with earth. The soil is compacted and watered abundantly (at least 8 liters for each bush). After some time, the earth will settle, and it will be necessary to add a nutrient substrate to the root neck of the shrub. Only after that, the near-stem circle can be mulched with humus, peat or wood chips.

After planting the irgi, care begins with pruning. The branches are cut to a level of 15–20 cm, leaving at least four healthy buds on each.

Features of caring for irga

The shrub is absolutely undemanding to care, so the gardener will need a minimum of actions: watering (occasionally), fertilizing and pruning.

Watering and fertilizing

The root system of the shrub is well developed, goes to a depth of more than two meters, so the irga does not need watering. The only exceptions are particularly dry periods. In this case, it is recommended to carry out the procedure after 16.00 hours, when the sun is no longer so active. Experts advise watering the bush not at the root, but using a spray nozzle on the hose. So it will be possible not only to moisten the soil, but also to refresh the greens by washing off dust particles. After watering, it is advisable to weed the weeds and loosen the soil. If mulch is laid on the ridge, then weeding and loosening is not necessary.

Cultivation of irgi on personal plot does not require frequent fertilization. If a sufficient amount of organic matter and minerals was introduced for digging, then the first top dressing is carried out only when the shrub reaches the age of five. Once a season, the following components are added for digging:

• humus - 1.5–2 buckets,
• superphosphate - 280 g,
• potash fertilizer - 180 g.

When fertilizing, it is necessary to retreat about 25 cm from the root collar. As the shrub grows, the dosage should be increased.

In the spring-summer period, 2 more organic fertilizing can be carried out. Well proven solution chicken manure in a ratio of 1:15. Organics must be applied only after rain or watering in order to protect the roots of the plant from chemical burns.

Pruning irgi

Pruning is an integral part of caring for the irga after planting a seedling, however, you should not drastically cut the shrub. Decorative pruning may only be required for low-growing specimens, while large shrubs will become increasingly difficult to prune as they grow. The first procedure is carried out no earlier than a year after planting. Most auspicious time - early spring while the plant is dormant.

At the first pruning, you need to carefully examine the shrub and select a few of the strongest stems from the root shoots. They will act as the basis. The rest of the shoots are cut down. Further, every year 2 old shoots are removed, and 2 young ones are left to grow. This pruning technology will help to imperceptibly rejuvenate the irga, while practically not losing the crop. Vertical shoots (by ¼) and lateral ones are cut annually so that the bush grows not only upwards, but also in breadth. Excess root shoots, dry and broken branches are removed in a timely manner.

Growing irga, you need to take care of it during pruning. When removing old, lignified branches, cuts should not be left open. The best remedy- regular Oil paint on natural drying oil. If the procedure is carried out at positive air temperature, then you can use garden pitch.

Irga care in autumn

The shrub winters well even in harsh climates, so there is no need for shelter. At the end of the summer season, only sanitary pruning is carried out, the site is dug up and required amount potassium and phosphorus fertilizers. Then the garbage (branches, fallen leaves) is raked into a pile and burned. This completes the autumn care for the irga.

Diseases and pests of irgi

Most gardeners can attest that shadberry is a real pleasure to grow, grows well and rarely gets sick. However, you need to check the list possible diseases and pests.

The most common diseases are: tuberculosis (gradual drying of the leaves), gray rot and leaf spot. The solution is used for treatment. Bordeaux mixture, "Topaz" and other drugs. They are also recommended to spray the bushes in the fall for prevention purposes.

Of the pests, you can meet the irg seed-eater and the moth. If the seed-eater feeds on fruits, then the moth, or rather, its caterpillars, infect the leaves. To combat them, various insecticides are used: Aktellik, Karbofos and others.

Video how to grow irgu

There are many species of a tree or shrub that is rare in our areas; they “come from” the countries of the northern hemisphere. One of these representatives flaunts in my garden - a favorite, Canadian irga.

Shrub photo: behind the greenhouse on the north side

Description

Belongs to the family of Rosaceae, subfamily of apple. No wonder its fruits
resemble small apples 0.8 - 1.6 centimeters in size, bright pink, in a ripe state of a bluish color.

Varieties and species differ from each other in size, height of a bush or tree, from 1.5 to 5.5 meters, leaf shape (ovoid with or without denticles), and taste.

All species have one common property- extreme frost resistance. Irga
withstands frosts of 50 degrees. This is the most frost-resistant tree of all fruit trees.
our gardens!

Place and landing features

You can plant where it is not convenient for her. and to us, is the groundwater high
or low, fertile soil or so-so, whether the place is open to the north winds.
Condition: in order for the harvest to be high, it is necessary to plant a tree or bush in the sun or partial shade, there will be no berries in the shade. Although one of my shadberry shrubs is illuminated only by the western sun, I do not complain about the harvest.

You can not dig a full-fledged hole when planting, the root system is superficial, rarely
reaches half a meter, here the roots extend up to two meters in width.

When planting, put a glass in the hole complex fertilizer, or a bucket of compost, or just a bunch of weeds; water, mulch trunk circle irgi with cut or torn grass.

The time for planting is spring or autumn, while the bush is shortened by 4-5 buds for better development and formations.

Photo of the Pembina variety - this is what it looks like in the spring when planted and cut off in the fall of last year.

The same seedling a year later.

In our country, the Canadian irga is more common. Its height is up to 4.5 meters, delicious fruits small size. To get larger ones, up to 1.8 centimeters in diameter, others are grafted onto the Canadian, cuttings can be ordered from nurseries and grafted onto your tree.

You can buy an already grafted seedling, but be aware that they do not taste better than those already on your irga, but in size ... just water more (but not more often), cut out extra branches and root shoots.

What kind of care is needed

Irga practically does not require it.

Water rarely, but plentifully. forgot to water - sorry.

Graft

Vaccination on new variety justified, in my opinion, simply by the interest creative person, or some need. For example, if you graft on the Canadian variety Pembina shadberry, a high beautiful tree, and the Regent variety will be only 1.2 meters high.

Planting and caring for irga in the open field

Such a bush can be used if there is not enough space in the garden or as a hedge. True, a hedge of grafted shrubs is a great luxury, and there is a great risk of breaking the graft.

How to crop

It must be remembered that the irga blooms on the shoots of last year, If you
cut off the tops, do not wait for the next year's harvest. Here it is necessary to keep
a certain balance between young branches and "older ones". Remove a small amount of extra each fall.
If too much tall adult growth has formed, you can cut the trunks at the right height, then it forms side shoots, which thin out at
need.

Reproduction by cuttings

Irgu can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, shoots.

I prefer the way
propagation by green cuttings. In the summer, cuttings are cut into about 5-7 buds, we remove the leaves from the two lower leaves, cut the rest in half. We stick it into moist soil with the addition of sand, water it, close it with jars, halves of plastic bottles will do.

We plant the cuttings in a shady place, I would also advise you to cover them
spunbond. Now it remains to periodically water. Leave it like this for
next summer, then plant on permanent place. The fruits will appear in the third year.

Useful properties of berries

Their taste is unusual for our gardeners, it is sweet, but slightly fresh. Berries so
useful that birds prefer irga to other garden delicacies. You should not be upset about this - there are so many fruits that people will have enough.

Irgi berries (they are also called northern raisins, cinnamon) contain phytoncides. fiber, tannins, anthocyanins, trace elements copper, cobalt, iron. There is vitamin C, many B vitamins, as well as P - active vascular and heart-strengthening compounds. This alone makes irgu necessary for any person.

The fruits contain a compound beta-sitosterol, which lowers cholesterol and
coumarins - protection against sclerosis.

Berries reduce pressure, have wound healing properties.

Lotions are made from a decoction of the bark and cinnamon leaves for varicose veins and phlebitis. To do this, 100 g of raw materials are poured with a glass of boiling water and kept in a thermos for 2 hours.

Eat more irgi in the summer, contraindication - rarely an allergy. Decrease
pressure is smooth, so you just need to reduce the amount eaten.

For those who do not want to part with cinnamon in winter, I suggest freezing northern raisins or drying them in the oven. From frozen fruits you can bake a wonderful cake.

Here is the recipe: melt 60 grams of margarine, add 100 g of granulated sugar, 1 egg, half a teaspoon of soda and 4 tablespoons of sour cream or fermented milk product. Mix everything and add enough flour to make a soft, but not liquid dough.

Put it in a mold, make sides, and cover the rest of the area with frozen berries of shadberry. For spiciness, add chopped Antonov apples, or raspberries, even cottage cheese, as long as your imagination is enough. Bake for 40 minutes or less at 220 degrees. See photos: delicious, I advise!

Irga Canadian, video:

Varieties of shadberry - descriptions of the best large-fruited varieties of Canadian shadberry

Of all the variety of shadberry varieties, Canadian varieties stand out, and above all for their large-fruitedness, yield, the color of the pulp of ripe berries, the timing of flowering and ripening. It is these qualities that have earned them their popularity. Today, about 80 varieties of shadberry are known (more about the selection of shadberry here).

There are varieties that are widely distributed, which are grown in all areas of cultivation, and varieties that occur much less frequently. This does not always mean that they are worse. Some of them were obtained relatively recently and are still undergoing variety testing. For the other part, nursery breeders could not find a suitable breeding technology - and it is difficult to purchase seedlings of these varieties. It should be noted that the irga breeds not so easily (separately about the breeding of the irga here).

When compiling the description of the shadberry varieties, we proceeded from the following premises:

• height - the height of an adult shadberry bush is given
• yield - may vary from year to year - low yield 2250 kg/ha, high yield 6730 kg/ha
• taste - determined by tasting

Varieties

• Martin
• Nelson
• Northline
• Pembina (Pembina)
• Smokey
• Thiessen
• Honeywood
• Less common varieties (Bluff, Buffalo, Elizabeth, Forestburg, Killarney, Lee#3, Moonlake, Parkhill, Pearson II, Regent, Sturgeon, Success, Thiessen RS, Timm)

Variety descriptions

Martin

Berries:

• great taste, refreshing and juicy
• 15 mm in diameter or more

Productivity: average.

Wood: 3 m high, 4 m wide. The crown is rounded. The degree of formation of root shoots is moderate.

Usage:

Distinctive features: less prolongation of the ripening period of berries.

Obtained in the province of Saskatchewan from the variety Thiessen.

To the list of varieties

Nelson

Berries:

• tart, with pronounced sourness and juicy pulp
• 13 mm in diameter
• when fully ripe the skin is dark blue

Wood: 4.5 m high, 4.5 m wide.

Usage: fruits are used for fresh consumption and for processing.

Features: has resistance to juniper rust. The timing of flowering and ripening is one week later than other varieties, which avoids damage to flowers by spring return frosts.

To the list of varieties

Northline

Berries:

• rich, sweet taste
• 16 mm in diameter
• when fully ripe the skin is dark blue

Productivity: high

Wood: 4 m high, 6 m wide.

Usage: fruits are used for fresh consumption and for processing.

Features: variety suitable for manual cleaning harvest, and for mechanized. Gives very uniform seedlings. Comes into fruiting earlier than other varieties.

To the list of varieties

Pembina (Pembina)

Berries:

• When fully ripe, they become dark blue in color.
• 14 mm in diameter

Wood: 5 m high, 5 m wide. The crown is vertical, slightly spreading. Forms a small amount of root shoots.

Usage: fruits are used for fresh consumption and for processing.

Features: a small amount of shoots make this variety one of the best for growing in home gardens.

The variety is decorative.

To the list of varieties

Smokey

Berries:

• sweet, without astringency, with a pleasant aroma
• with fleshy pulp
• 14 mm in diameter

Productivity: very high.

Wood: 4.5 m high, 4.5 m wide. The crown is vertical, sprawling.

Usage: fruits are used for fresh consumption and for processing.

blooms later than other varieties, which avoids damage to flowers by spring return frosts.

Gives abundant growth.

To the list of varieties

Thiessen

Berries:

• excellent taste, often described as juicy and refreshing
• 17 mm in diameter
• dark blue when fully ripe
• ripen unevenly

Productivity: high.

Wood: 5 m high, 6 m wide. The crown is rounded, sprawling. Overgrowth forms little.

Usage: fruits are used for fresh consumption and for processing.

Features: non-simultaneous ripening of berries makes the variety more suitable for self-picking. early flowering makes the variety vulnerable to spring frost damage.

To the list of varieties

Honeywood

Berries:

• aromatic with astringency
• at full maturity dark blue with dark purple skin
• berry diameter 13-15 mm
• large brushes

Productivity: very high.

Wood: 5 m high, 4 m wide. The crown is spreading.

Your irga is not growing yet? Be sure to plant!

Overgrowth forms little.

Usage: fruits are used for fresh consumption and for processing.

blooms later than other varieties and potentially less susceptible to spring frost damage.

Fruit ripening is extended.

To the list of varieties

JB30

Berries:

• dark blue when fully ripe
• average berry size 17 mm in diameter
• the taste of the fruits resemble wild-growing irga

Productivity: high.

Wood: 5 m high, 6 m wide. The crown is compact. Overgrowth forms little.

Usage: fruits are used for fresh consumption and for processing.

Distinctive features: compact crown, large berries.

To the list of varieties

Less common varieties

To the list of varieties

Irga spiky and round-leaved, of the Pink family, has been known in Europe since the 16th century. AT landscape design used as a flowering ornamental crop and for hedges. We will tell in the article about the cultivation of irgi and reproduction different ways, give advice on caring for shrubs.

Gardeners middle lane Irgu is successfully grown for the sake of healthy fruits that contain many vitamins and nutrients. A self-fertile bush, 2–2.5 m high at the age of 10 years, yields up to 15 kg. Differs in extreme unpretentiousness, but on rich soils quality of berries is much higher. Popular for ease of propagation - seeds, cuttings, dividing the bush.

Propagation of irgi by seeds

Irgi berries ripen gradually. For sowing, it is important to select ripe or even slightly overripe fruits. To separate the small seeds from the pulp, the berries are lightly pressed down and washed several times. Seeds that float up are immature and not suitable for sowing, they are poured along with water. Prepared seeds can be immediately planted in open ground.

Irgi seeds suitable for sowing

Conditions for sowing seeds:

1. The soil mixture is a sandy loam of a neutral or slightly acidic reaction.
2. The place is well lit.
3. Protection from wind and frost.

Seeds sown at the end of summer germinate in the spring of the next calendar year. During the winter, they undergo a natural stratification and germinate in April. It is not scary if shoots appear in the fall. For the winter, they need to be covered with dry grass or straw, with a layer of 15 - 20 cm.

You can sow irgu in the spring. Then the seeds, you need to prepare, keep them in damp sand in the fall, but in a dark place, at a temperature of +50. Gardeners recommend three months before sowing to place the seeds of irgi in a damp cloth moistened with hydrogen peroxide and keep them in plastic bag in the cold.

Seeds are sown in grooves, the width between which is 20 cm. 2 g of seeds are spent per linear meter (140 pcs. in 1 g). Placed at a depth of 2 cm. The sprouted irgu dive in stage 2 - 3 sheets. Species plants are propagated in this way, because varietal qualities are guaranteed to be preserved only when vegetative cuttings or division of the bush.

Planting seedlings in a permanent place

The following spring, grown seedlings can be planted in a permanent place. Irga has a powerful root system, so a place for a bush is provided taking into account its maximum dimensions: crown diameter 3 m, root depth 2 - 2.5 m. Based on this, the conditions should be as follows:

Table number 1. Conditions for planting irgi in a permanent place.

Irga is prone to overgrowth with root shoots in search of nutrients. On loose, rich soils, the shrub is localized. Responsive to organic fertilizers. The quality of fruits directly depends on the fertility of the soil. The soil mixture consists of light loam, coarse-grained river sand, rotted compost in the ratio 3:1:1. 150 g of potassium and 400 g of phosphate fertilizer and 1 bucket of humus.

When planting, the seedlings are not buried, and after the land settles, they are mulched with dry humus, grassroots peat, and mowed grass. After planting, the shoots are shortened, leaving 4 - 5 buds, to balance the root system with the ground one. ".

Tip #1 Do not land irgu near open parking lots. Fallen berries leave non-washable marks on cars.

Terms of reproduction by green cuttings

1. Smokey;
2. Northline;
3. Thyssen;
4. Honeywood;
5. Altaglow.

Cutting sequence:

Grafting with varietal cuttings

From the seeds of the species shadberry, you can grow a stock for grafting a variety. For this purpose, two-year-old seedlings of mountain ash are well suited. The root shoots of these crops can serve as the basis. Vaccination is carried out in the spring, when active sap flow begins. ".

Grafting technique:

1. The rootstock (growing in the ground) is cut at a height of 10 - 15 cm.
2. Form a scion:

• choose a lignified shoot, up to 1 cm in diameter;
• the top is removed with an oblique cut;
• the lower part of the cutting is cut under the kidney into a wedge of 4 cm.

1. On the rootstock, using a sharp garden knife, a vertical incision is made in the middle of the shoot.
2. A wedge is inserted into the split so that the cut of the scion coincides with the rootstock along the bark.
3. Press firmly and wrap with insulating tape. Recent times it began to be replaced with cling film, adhesive tape or special strips for vaccination.
4. The graft is covered to retain moisture and temperature.

Grafting irgi cuttings

After about a month, it will become clear whether the vaccine has taken root. This can be determined by the new leaves that will appear from the buds of the scion. If the rootstock grows shoots, it must be urgently removed, otherwise the grafting is in danger of rebirth and instead of the varietal shadberry, it will turn out to be species.

Reproduction by dividing the mother bush

Most often, this is a forced method of reproduction, for example, when a bush is transplanted from one place to another. The timing for such work is early spring before the buds swell or autumn, when the irga shed its leaves, but no later than two weeks before frost. Before dividing, the ground part is thinned out, removing all old branches, and young ones are shortened by 1/3.

When digging an irgu, it is important to remember that its roots grow to a depth of 2 m or more, and the same in diameter. It is clear that it will not be possible to save all the roots, so they leave as much as possible possible sizes 1 m wide and 70 cm deep.

The extracted bush is freed from the ground and divided into 2 - 4 parts. To do this, use a hacksaw or an ax, because the thickness of the main roots reaches 5 cm or more. Delenka must have at least two full shoots.

Reproduction by dividing the mother bush

Tip #2 The prepared parts are planted in a new place in the same way as seedlings. landing pit for transplanting twice the size of the roots.

Rules for transplanting bushes to a new place

Sometimes the initial place for the irgi is chosen unsuccessfully, growing, it takes up much more space than expected. Perhaps there were other reasons why it needs to be transplanted. Shrubs up to the age of five tolerate this procedure more easily, older plants take root worse.

In order for the irga to take root in a new place, you need to dig it out with a lump. The older the bush, the more lump. You can manually move the root system with soil 50 x 50 x 50 cm. For a clod with a diameter of 1 m, special equipment is required.

Irga grows in light soil, in order to preserve it during transportation, you need to tightly wrap the roots together with the ground with a cloth on the sides and tie tightly. Place a flat support under the bottom of the clod, such as a sheet of plywood, and raise the bush with it. In this form, they are transferred to the landing site and lowered into the prepared pit. Carefully release the lump from the substrate and winding. the roots fall asleep, as in a normal planting.

Water abundantly to moisten the clod and the soil around it. The amount of water is the same as the volume of the planting hole.

Shrub pruning to improve yield

Irga unpretentious plant and can adapt to any environment. But, if we are talking about the harvest, you need to take care of it. The bush grows densely without supervision, the leaves take away nutrients from the fruits and the berries become small and not sweet. To improve the quality of the crop, the irgu is pruned like any other garden shrub. ".

• In autumn, sanitary pruning is carried out, dry, old, diseased and broken branches are completely removed. Sections with a diameter of more than 1 cm are covered with garden pitch or special paint against pathogens and pests.
• In the spring, shorten or cut off the shoots that grow inside the bush. Adjust the height for easy fruit picking. In general, they are formed so that all branches are illuminated evenly and do not shade each other.

The main pests of irgi

1. Skinned, this is the name of a variety of deciduous moth, which is dangerous for Irga. The caterpillars gnaw the leaves and shoots so hard that the bush looks like it has been peeled off. Pests are activated in the spring with the onset of sustained heat. In a short period, until they turn into a chrysalis, they manage to cause significant damage to the bush.
2. Another pest - winter moth, differs more late dates development.
3. The threat to Irga, as well as to the entire family of Pinks (otherwise Rosaceae), is leaf rollers. One of them is pink. Damages leaves by rolling them into a tube. A weakened plant gives a modest and not tasty harvest.

   Types and varieties of irgi

   Rose leaf caterpillar

   Table number 2. Pest control products.

   Used for pest control chemical insecticides Binom, Atom, Bi - 58, Di - 68 New, Rogor - S, Desant, Teldor, Zagor, etc. Bacteriological preparations that are safe for humans and plants are represented by Akarin, Lepidocil, Bitoxibacillin, Fitoverm.

   Tip #3. You can get rid of aphids with the sticky belt Bros.

   Mistakes when growing irgi

   Mistake #1. Failure to comply with the required landing interval.

   Irga grows quickly and densely. If you do not leave 4 m between the bushes initially, they will intertwine with each other and over time they will have to be transplanted.

   Mistake #2. Neglect of pruning.

   Unregulated growth results in leaf dominance at the expense of yield.

   Mistake #3. Landing in the shade.

   Irga is an unpretentious plant, it will adapt to any conditions, but if the goal is a harvest, then you need to plant bushes in the sun. Irgu is grown in the shade for decorative purposes.

   Rubric "Questions and answers"

   Question number 1. I planted an irga in the far corner of the garden, I don’t go to the dacha every week. During my absence, a mass of overgrowth formed around the bush. Why? And what to do with it.

   Your irga grows on poor soil, so it has grown in search of food. If you do not plan to expand the plantation, dig out the shoots, and fertilize the bush with organic matter and mulch it so that moisture evaporates less, and with it top dressing.

   Question number 2. I heard that irgu is planted in hedges. Is it so?

   Exactly. Irga grows like a free one, flowering hedge, and sheared. In the shade and in the sun, on fertile soils and on poor ones. Not a bush, but a gardener's dream.

   Question number 3. Do I need two irgi on the site for pollination, like sea buckthorn?

   No, it doesn `t need. Irga, unlike dioecious sea buckthorn, is a self-fertile plant. It thrives well in solitude.

   Question number 4. Heard that the irga is called something else?

   Quite right. She has many names: Pyrus, Korinka, Karisha, Korika, Northern grapes, Baby berry, Wine cherry.

   Question number 5. Is it true that you can not plant irgu near the orchard?

   Correctly. As plants of the same botanical family, they have common pests, so if possible better irgu keep away.

   Irga - "Queen of the backyards": planting and caring for a beautiful and useful shrub

   Irga in the Russian garden: beauty and benefits with minimal care

   Not a single berry grower can boast of such an abundance of names, which in different parts light was awarded to the picturesque and hardy irga. A shady shrub, a wine berry that brings honey, a currant is not a complete list of the names of this interesting culture. A shrub of the genus Irga from the Rosaceae family, which includes more than 20 species, is widely distributed throughout the world.

   North America is considered its homeland, where it grows everywhere, but the Eurasian continent has long been mastered by it. In Russia, about 10 types of culture are cultivated, the most common of which are Canadian shadberry, spiky, blood-red.

   The virtues of culture

   The unpretentious irga is used to taking care of itself on its own. It is surprisingly winter-hardy, takes root well on any, except for obviously swampy, soils, tolerates any weather- she is not afraid of either storm winds, or sweltering heat, or thunderstorms. A highly developed root system, capable of going two or more meters deep, as well as spreading horizontally at the same distance from the bush, made the irgu practically invulnerable.

   It grows quickly, tolerates pruning perfectly, and is not afraid of shading or gas contamination. In addition, it gives annual harvests of tasty and very useful berry recommended as a prophylactic for diseases of the heart, blood vessels and gastrointestinal tract.

   Irga is a long-liver, grows well and bears fruit up to 70 years. The shrub has very powerful shoots. In terms of thickness, they are more likely to relate to trunks, which can be counted up to 25 in a bush. If desired, with the help of shaping trimming it is easy to create a beautiful clearstem tree by choosing the strongest escape.

   Although the bush of this culture is very decorative - it is compact and quite dense. This culture does not sin with sprawling, the branches depart from the trunks at a very sharp angle, often rushing up parallel to the trunks. In height, the irga can reach 7-8 meters. An excellent honey plant, during flowering it is magnificent.

   Irga - landing and care

   landing technique

   Irga is an undemanding culture, frost- and drought-resistant, can grow on any soil and combines high decorative qualities with an annual bountiful harvest, moreover, excellent as a hedge. Planted on neutral fertile soils in open sunny or slightly shaded areas, irga gives record yields.

   The technology of planting irgi, like any berry plant, begins with preparation seat: when digging, two buckets of humus per 1 square meter, prepare standard pits up to half a meter deep and wide. Having filled a little more than half of the pit with prepared soil, a 1-2-year-old seedling is placed obliquely, deepening its root collar by 7-10 cm, covered with earth, compacted and well shed. The shoots are cut to a height of 10 cm, leaving several viable buds on each. Planted at an angle, it will quickly give a strong increase. Irga takes root superbly, it can be planted both in spring and autumn.

   Irgu is often used as a green hedge, in which case the bushes are distributed in a checkerboard pattern, keeping the interval between plants in rows from 1.0 to 1.8 m and planting in deep furrows. To simplify the care of the crop, the surface of the soil under the bushes is mulched with humus.

   Care and reproduction

   Irga successfully bears fruit, even if only one bush grows on the site. Berries begin to ripen from early July. With fairly regular watering during the growing season, the fruiting of the shadberry is activated, and the yields increase significantly. Irga, the care of which comes down to periodic watering and the annual removal of aging trunks and broken branches, is surprisingly resistant to pests and diseases, therefore spring treatments she doesn't need.

   She is a kind of culture with the stability of a strong "wild".

   The shrub is easily propagated by seeds. They are sown on fertilized areas, generously watered. From the seedlings that appear in the fall for the next year, quite high-quality annual seedlings are obtained. Often, falling from the bush into the fertile layer, overripe berries in a year give the same excellent planting material. Almost all varieties of shadberry give good growth, capable of reproduction with careful transplantation.

   pruning

   Often gardeners do not indulge in pruning, and in vain. The culture usually grows rapidly and for a more comfortable picking of berries, the shrub should be limited in growth by pruning at a height of up to 2.5 m. It is better to form a plant with a multi-stemmed bush from strong basal shoots, weakened branches are completely removed.

   In the first few years, all germinated strong shoots are left, and from the 3rd-4th year - two or three annually. A well-made bush consists of 10-15 branches of different ages. Subsequently, an excessive number of branches, weakened, broken and aging branches are cut out, and their gradual replacement with new shoots is carried out. If the growth of the bush has slowed down, a light healing pruning is necessary: ​​every 4-5 years, all aging trunks are cut out, changing them to 2-5-year-old ones.

   These are the main stages of caring for this magnificent culture, which surprises the whole season: in spring - with lush flowering, in summer - with a scattering of purple and black-gray berries, in autumn - with red gold foliage.

   Features of landing irgi and further care for her

   

   Irga is a fruit and berry shrub (small tree), grows in the wild in the Northern Hemisphere. It is distinguished by endurance and frost resistance, thanks to which it has become one of the favorite garden shrubs for Russian summer residents. In total, there are up to 25 species of this plant, however, no more than 10 are suitable for planting on the site. Among them are I. ordinary, I. Kolosistaya, I. Canadian and some others. Planting irgi and caring for it in the future is not only a procedure for rooting a seedling. For regular fruiting, the shrub needs to provide a well-lit place, fertile soil and do not forget about sanitary pruning.

   Choosing a place on the site for growing shadberry

   The shrub prefers well-lit open areas, but can also grow in the shade of trees with finely dissected leaves (rowan, sea buckthorn). In the shade of broad-leaved trees, its shoots will stretch, and fruiting will not be so plentiful.

   Irga does not impose special requirements on the soil, but it will grow well on sandy or loamy soils. Perhaps the main requirement is the fertility of the substrate. With a lack of nutrients, there will be a lot of root shoots around the bush, which will have to be cut down periodically. It is not recommended to plant irgu in areas with a high level of groundwater, because the roots go deep into the ground (2-3 meters).

   

   Irga - planting and caring for it is simple, but preparatory work should begin six months before buying a seedling. Experts advise rooting a seedling in the fall, it is believed that frost-resistant types of fruit and berry crops take root better this way, and grow faster next spring. The site is dug up in May to a depth of 20 cm, while applying phosphate and potash fertilizers, 40 g of the substance per 1 m² is enough.

   Planting a sapling of irgi

   Seedlings are purchased in nurseries, the age of the plants should be no more than 2 years, otherwise the survival rate will drop sharply. When planting several copies, it is necessary to keep a distance, depending on the type and variety of the plant, it should be from 1 to 1.6 m.

   When growing shadberry, a planting hole is dug out of impressive size - 60x60x50 cm, where 50 cm is the depth. The top layer is laid in one direction, and the bottom layer in the other. Fertile land (top layer) is used to prepare the substrate:

   • garden soil - 3 parts,
   • river sand - 1 part,
   • humus or compost - 1 part,
   • potash fertilizer - 140 g,
   • phosphate - 350 g.

   

   If necessary, drainage is laid at the bottom of the landing pit. Then, the prepared substrate is partially covered and a small elevation (hill) is formed from it. So it will be more convenient to straighten the roots of the seedling. Having placed the irgu, the pit is filled up. The main thing is not to sprinkle the root neck with earth. The soil is compacted and watered abundantly (at least 8 liters for each bush). After some time, the earth will settle, and it will be necessary to add a nutrient substrate to the root neck of the shrub. Only after that, the near-stem circle can be mulched with humus, peat or wood chips.

   After planting the irgi, care begins with pruning. The branches are cut to a level of 15–20 cm, leaving at least four healthy buds on each.

   Features of caring for irga

   The shrub is absolutely undemanding to care, so the gardener will need a minimum of actions: watering (occasionally), fertilizing and pruning.

   

   Watering and fertilizing

   The root system of the shrub is well developed, goes to a depth of more than two meters, so the irga does not need watering. The only exceptions are particularly dry periods. In this case, it is recommended to carry out the procedure after 16.00 hours, when the sun is no longer so active. Experts advise watering the bush not at the root, but using a spray nozzle on the hose. So it will be possible not only to moisten the soil, but also to refresh the greens by washing off dust particles. After watering, it is advisable to weed the weeds and loosen the soil. If mulch is laid on the ridge, then weeding and loosening is not necessary.

   Growing irgi on a personal plot will not require frequent fertilization. If a sufficient amount of organic matter and minerals was introduced for digging, then the first top dressing is carried out only when the shrub reaches the age of five. Once a season, the following components are added for digging:

   • humus - 1.5–2 buckets,
   • superphosphate - 280 g,
   • potash fertilizer - 180 g.

   

   When fertilizing, it is necessary to retreat about 25 cm from the root collar. As the shrub grows, the dosage should be increased.

   In the spring-summer period, 2 more organic fertilizing can be carried out. A solution of chicken manure in a ratio of 1:15 has proven itself well. Organics should be applied only after rain or watering in order to protect the roots of the plant from chemical burns.

   Pruning irgi

   Pruning is an integral part of caring for the irga after planting a seedling, however, you should not drastically cut the shrub. Decorative pruning may only be required for low-growing specimens, while large shrubs will become increasingly difficult to prune as they grow. The first procedure is carried out no earlier than a year after planting. The most favorable time is early spring, while the plant is at rest.

   At the first pruning, you need to carefully examine the shrub and select a few of the strongest stems from the root shoots. They will act as the basis. The rest of the shoots are cut down. Further, every year 2 old shoots are removed, and 2 young ones are left to grow. This pruning technology will help to imperceptibly rejuvenate the irga, while practically not losing the crop. Vertical shoots (by ¼) and lateral ones are cut annually so that the bush grows not only upwards, but also in breadth. Excess root shoots, dry and broken branches are removed in a timely manner.

   

   Growing irga, you need to take care of it during pruning. When removing old, lignified branches, cuts should not be left open. The best remedy is ordinary oil paint on natural drying oil. If the procedure is carried out at positive air temperature, then you can use garden pitch.

   Irga care in autumn

   The shrub winters well even in harsh climates, so there is no need for shelter. At the end of the summer season, only sanitary pruning is carried out, the site is dug up and the required amount of potassium-phosphorus fertilizers is applied. Then the garbage (branches, fallen leaves) is raked into a pile and burned. This completes the autumn care for the irga.

   

   Diseases and pests of irgi

   Most gardeners can attest that shadberry is a real pleasure to grow, grows well and rarely gets sick. However, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the list of possible diseases and pests.

   The most common diseases are tuberculosis (gradual drying of the leaves), gray mold and leaf spot.

   Irga Canadian varieties are the best

   For treatment, a solution of Bordeaux liquid, Topaz and other drugs are used. They are also recommended to spray the bushes in the fall for prevention purposes.

   Of the pests, you can meet the irg seed-eater and the moth. If the seed-eater feeds on fruits, then the moth, or rather, its caterpillars, infect the leaves. To combat them, various insecticides are used: Aktellik, Karbofos and others.

Irga is an excellent shrub that can decorate any garden. But in all gardens and orchards, it is periodically necessary - for various reasons - to do a "re-planning". And in this case, it is very important to know how to transplant an already rooted irgu to another place.

Peculiarities

It should be noted right away that transplanting an adult plant to a new place is not the most reasonable idea. The roots of a developed shadberry can go down to 2 m. By the age of 7–8, you will have to make a transplant clod 1.25 m wide, and its depth reaches 0.7 m. In subsequent years, these requirements only increase. Therefore, it is advisable to immediately decide where to plant the irgu. In extreme cases, this should be done in the first 3-4 years.

How is everything done?

But even if it is possible to transplant the irgu, this should be done very carefully and carefully. With the help of a shovel, they dig the earth around the plant, then carefully pry it with a shovel. Using any suitable lever, the plant is pulled out. For your information: very large, hard-to-remove roots must be cut off - they will still grow back quickly. Once the plant has been moved into the planting hole:

• the earth is compacted;
• thoroughly water the bush;
• spread the mulch in the trunk circle.

In the first 12 months, the irgi shrub is fed with a solution ammonium nitrate. It is made using 0.05 kg of the drug per 10 liters of water. Pour ammonia solution only near the trunk.

Important: if gardeners do not have saltpeter, they take bird droppings or slurry. For 5-6 years, the transplanted irga is fed with organic matter (20-30 liters per 1 bush) and mineral compounds (0.5 kg of ammonium nitrate, potassium salts, 1 kg of superphosphate per bush).

For the first 3 years, only the strongest zero-level stems are left. Later it is necessary to remove all the shoots, except for two or three. The goal is to form a bush of 10, 12 or 15 shoots different ages. When pruning, remove:

• thickened stems at the root;
• old and weak branches;
• sick and broken shoots.

When should it be done and how exactly should it be done?

It is not recommended to transplant irgu in the summer. At this time, the plant enters the phase of active development. Therefore, it takes root with difficulty, gets sick and suffers. In order for a tree (bush) to take root, it is necessary to evaluate its quality. Transplanting irgi in the fall to a new place is justified only if the variety is resistant to cold. The level of yield is not of fundamental importance if the plant is transplanted to form green hedges.

The health of the root system is very important. Rotting, the slightest dried areas are unacceptable. The trunks of transplanted seedlings should be well developed. The slightest damage to the bark is unacceptable. The approach to transplantation is the same as for the initial landing.

You need to carefully select a site for transplanting irgi. You need to move it to a sunny place. Otherwise good harvest not receive. Other important requirement there appears to be a greater depth groundwater. The soil should be light in structure - loose loams with a significant proportion of humus are ideal, although irgu can also be transplanted into sandy loam.

Another important point- acid-base balance. The acidity index should not be lower than 6.5 and not higher than 7. The site is completely cleared of weeds. To better prepare the land, increase fertility, the soil is sown legumes. Before planting, the soil is dug up, adding about 10 kg of compost and 0.04 kg of potash, phosphate fertilizers.

Irgi transplantation is carried out as much as possible in early spring or late autumn. For spring planting select bushes without swollen buds. In September-October, it is necessary to check that the bush completely gets rid of the leaves. However, you must hurry, because about 20 days or more should remain before frost. If this condition is not met, plants sometimes do not have time to take root. It is recommended to allocate 4 m2 to each seedling, leaving a gap of exactly 2 m between them.

Important: irga for hedges is planted with a smaller gap, that is, it should be from 0.5 to 1 m. Only gardeners and gardeners themselves can determine this distance more accurately, because no one knows the specific situation better than them anyway.

The landing pit during transplantation can have a depth and diameter of 0.6 m. A difference up or down by several centimeters is allowed.

For your information: in dense and heavy soils, these figures are reduced to 0.7 m. The layer of fertile soil must be removed. hedge often planted in trenches. The trenches are 0.4 m wide and 0.3 m deep. top land is mixed with 10 kg of humus; 0.3 kg of superphosphate and 0.2 kg of potassium salt are also placed per well.

If you can’t use potassium compounds, you can put 1 kg of ash instead. Down in the pit they put the finished soil mix. They put a bush, carefully straighten the root system. The roots must be covered with a purposefully prepared soil mixture. What it will be - the farmers themselves decide, taking into account the area, the type of the main soil, the variety of shadberry, the season and other factors.

In any case, you need to bring the root collar to the surface of the earth. It should not be buried in the ground. Each transplanted bush is watered with 10 liters of water. For mulching, humus is preferable. When transplanting plants with a deformed root system, they are cut into 5 buds.

• barberry;
• lilac;
• roses;
• viburnum;
• acacia;
• walnuts.

When transplanting irgi into well-fertilized soil, it should be fed for at least the third year of development. Exceptions are those cases when the plant withers, weakens or gets sick. From spring dressings best fit organic compounds with a significant concentration of nitrogen.

It is not necessary to use humus. Mullein or bird droppings dissolved in water are also very good. It is necessary to make fertilizer mixtures after watering the earth; if it falls out heavy rain, That is unnecessary.

In the Urals, in Siberia, on Far East and north of Moscow, irgu is transplanted only in the spring. Autumn transplantation means there is a high risk of freezing shrubs. If the bush is at rest, it can be transferred to the soil that begins to melt. This technique allows you to achieve the dissolution of the kidneys strictly on warm days. That's why they don't freeze.

About landing rules canadian shadberry you will find out in the video below.