Shrubs for summer cottages (38 photos): types. Beautifully flowering, fruit and ornamental garden shrubs

Laying a new garden is an extremely responsible business. There are many factors to consider, ranging from preferred varieties fruit trees and ending with comfortable accommodation on the site. Some garden trees and shrubs create each other bad company, so this must also be taken into account when choosing suitable options. The main recommendations and advice of experienced gardeners are given in our article.

Planning a site for planting fruit trees and berry bushes in the garden

The first thing you need to pay attention to is the available area for forming a garden. Each tree and berry bush needs a certain free space. If it is also planned to grow vegetables and other crops on the site, it is advisable to first delimit the location of future beds or greenhouses.

Read how to plant trees.

Trees are best planted after shrubs, for which a drop shadow will not create many problems. The minimum distance between trees is 4.5 - 5 meters. For shrubs, this value will be in the region of 1.5 - 2 meters. From nearby buildings and structures, it is also necessary to withstand at least 3 - 4 meters so that the root system does not damage the foundation.

Find out how to spray in the spring.

This also applies to fire codes of construction. Shrubs can be placed one and a half meters from the buildings. This also applies to other stationary structures: swimming pools, verandas and garden compositions.

Separate criteria for columnar plants that require much less space. Planting such varieties will not allow you to get record harvests, but in confined spaces it will be the best solution.

When and how to prune will help you understand.

It is advisable to protect the site of the future garden from strong winds, fertilize the soil and make sure that there are no closely located groundwater, which will make it difficult to grow.

For a landscape arrangement, the most natural arrangement of crops is more suitable, while it is also necessary to pay due attention to ornamental plants and structures. If the area is small, but you want to arrange as much as possible suitable crops, it is better to give preference to a strict geometric landing plan. In this way, more diverse crops can be planted, but the general view will meet a practical, rather than a decorative purpose.

You can familiarize yourself with the description of the Iput cherry variety.

illumination

Particular attention should be paid to the location of plantings according to the degree of illumination of the territory. Some trees and shrubs require a lot of sunlight, while others will be more comfortable in partial shade.

The best varieties of tomatoes for open ground are listed.

Light-loving garden trees and shrubs:

1. Pear.
2. Apricot.
3. Peach.
4. Cherries.
5. Plum.
6. Rowan.
7. Sea ​​buckthorn.
8. Quince.

The rest of the shrubs and trees with more or less equal success can grow in the shade and in the sun.

Most shrubs do well even with some shade, so you can alternate them with taller trees. An excellent option would be to land along the fence or along the perimeter of the building. In any case, it is necessary to maintain a comfortable distance between plants.

Among shade-tolerant crops, the following types are noted:

1. Apple tree.
2. Barberry.
3. Kalina.
4. Dogwood.
5. Hazel.
6. Elder black.
7. Raspberry.
8. Blackberry.
9. Honeysuckle.
10. Gooseberry.
11. Currant.
12. Rose hip.

You should also not experiment with heat-loving crops (for example,) in conditions middle lane or Siberia. The crop on such plants simply does not have time to ripen and therefore such cultivation will not bring positive result. In cooler climates, it is necessary to choose early varieties (), as well as specially adapted local varieties.

What plants and garden shrubs can be planted nearby

Plant compatibility is an important factor on which possible failures in breeding depend. There is a kind of classification according to which some types of trees will not be able to get along in close proximity to each other. The walnut turned out to be the most undesirable neighbor, which does not fit any tree or shrub as a companion.

Its dense crown covers the sunlight, and a powerful root system prevents the necessary substances from being obtained. In addition, the leaves contain a large number of tannins, therefore making the soil around unsuitable for growing other plants. But if the neighborhood is inevitable, then before you know, you need to understand that the minimum distance from it for other plantings is 18 meters, so you should think twice before planting it on your site. Several such examples are given below.

Find out how to grow determinant varieties of tomatoes for open ground.

What crops are undesirable to plant nearby:

1. Apricot does not get along well with cherries, peaches and cherries.
2. Pear, apple and cherry should not be planted next to cherry plum.
3. Cherry does not like close proximity to pears and apricots,
4. If you decide to plant a hawthorn, you should not place it next to the cherry.
5. Pear reacts very capriciously to cherry plum, barberry, cherry, raspberry, plum and sweet cherry.
6. A peach tree cannot be planned near cherries, pears, apples and cherries.
7. Plum also does not like neighborhood with cherries, pears and cherries.
8. The apple tree does not respond too well to the proximity of apricot, barberry, and cherries.
9. Raspberries, in turn, also cannot stand pear and apple trees nearby.

However, to ensure comfortable growth horticultural crops side by side, you can use another classification, which determines the most suitable plants to each other.

What crops can be grown side by side:

1. Cherry willingly grows next to the apple tree.
2. Barberry and plum are excellent neighbors.
3. Pear and apple tree get along well together.
4. Plum will also be "delighted" in close proximity to the apple tree.
5. The following crops will have an ideal union with the apple tree: quinces, pears, plums and most coniferous varieties.

In addition, two of the same type of trees of different varieties are well combined with each other, which is why monogardens are so popular. For sea buckthorn, it is advisable to plant several plants at once - pollinators, as well as for some other crops: currants, raspberries and dogwood.

Video

This video will tell you about the rules of planning garden plot.

To create the perfect garden, it is not necessary to call a landscape designer. By following the simple rules for a comfortable arrangement of garden crops, and focusing on the preferences of plants in terms of illumination, you can easily plan the site yourself. For clarity, it is advisable to use a paper seating plan, on which it is first necessary to mark all the buildings and the general nuances of the area. Simple tricks and basic information about the possible location of popular cultures are given in our article. A list of the best repair raspberry varieties is presented.

What summer resident does not dream of having such a garden that there are fruits and berries all year round, and minimal care - without frequent pruning, fertilizing, spraying and watering?

To get such an unpretentious garden, you need, first of all, to solve several theoretical problems on the choice of crops, and then move on to practical implementation: plant and ... take care of the garden, landscape, recreation area. And along the way - to harvest the most unpretentious, but very tasty and healthy horticultural crops.

Compiling this list, we were guided by the words of old and experienced gardeners who say: in order to have time in the country for relaxation, you must first plant such fruits berry crops that will not require constant care and your attention.

General approaches to creating a garden of unpretentious fruit crops

First of all, you need to make a list and select on the market or in specialized firms seedlings of perennial undemanding crops of well-known and, importantly, well-established varieties in your area.

Easy-care varieties of fruit and berry crops should be:

• zoned, resistant to the weather vagaries of the region, region (temperature changes, spring frosts, fog, etc.),
• cold-resistant, so as not to bother with their shelter for the winter and opening in the spring every year, if you live in the northern regions,
• be distinguished by longevity, so as not to bother yourself with frequent plantings of new crops,
• not requiring many years of crown formation,
• not requiring annual pruning and garter to supports.

The most unpretentious, but very useful and necessary crops for the garden without the hassle

from fruit trees the most unpretentious are: cherry plum, ranetka apple tree, walnut (walnut, Manchurian, black, heart-shaped, hazel, etc.).

From bush- irga, dogwood and sea buckthorn, which can be formed by trees or left in the form of tall shrubs.

The following berry plants practically do not require care and form fairly high environmentally friendly crops: raspberry, black chokeberry, blackberry, sea buckthorn, shadberry.

Thus, a large part of the garden and berry, consisting of the necessary, but unpretentious plants, will free up time for rest and care for more capricious crops and exotics. Of course, the garden for the “lazy” also requires care, but most of it, at the initial stage, when laying it.

Let's take a closer look at fruit crops that require minimal care.

The Ranetka apple tree is a small-fruited apple variety obtained by crossing the Siberian berry apple tree with European varieties and its hybrids. Ranetka is sometimes called a ranet tree.

For a certain period of time, in the pursuit of exotics and fashionable varieties of fruit trees, the ranet tree was undeservedly forgotten. Today, interest in him has returned and more and more summer residents are growing ranetki in their garden. Ranetki are especially popular in the cold regions of the Far East, in the Urals, in Krasnoyarsk, in Altai, Omsk, Novosibirsk, and the Leningrad Region.

In the regions of the European part of the Russian Federation, the CIS and others, acquaintance with the lovely "inch" is just beginning, although today breeders have introduced more than 100 varieties and hybrids into the culture.

Ranetki are leading among unpretentious garden crops in their attitude to winter weather disasters, low temperatures, and care.

Ranetki features

The main feature that distinguishes the ranet apple tree in the family is small fruit (the fruit has a mass of 10-15 g). Through the efforts of breeders, the “ranetka” variety was obtained by crossing the Siberian berry apple tree (the second name is the berry apple tree) or its hybrids with European large-fruited varieties or hybrids (Chinese).

The best qualities of the wild Siberian apple tree, which can withstand frosts down to -55°C, were transferred to Ranetka and assigned to the rest of the varieties and hybrids.

The varieties of ranetki obtained as a result of hybridization have high winter hardiness and tolerate frosts of -45 ..-47 ° С. When breeding, they are distinguished by precocity, annual high yields, resistance to diseases and pests. And also: an unusual taste of ranetki jams, jams, dried lozenges, juices, almost no summer worries. Ranetka is a wonderful unpretentious culture and garden decoration!

Useful properties and use of ranetok

Ranetki are exceptionally rich in biologically active substances necessary for a person during the long northern cold months. The content of solids is almost 24%, glucose and fructose - 12%, up to 2% of pectin substances that contribute to the gelling of fruit juices. Pectins enhance the excretion of heavy metals from the human body, stop bleeding, accelerate the healing of stomach ulcers, and have antimicrobial properties.

Ranetki fruits are consumed fresh and for processing. From whole fruits of ranet trees, excellent jams, compotes, and dried fruits are obtained. Ranetki are used as rootstocks when obtaining low-stem crops.

Landing ranetki

When planting a seedling, a runetki fertilizer can not be applied, but it is necessary to provide sufficient area for growth and development. The distance between vigorous varieties of ranetok is determined by an area of ​​​​3.5-4x3.5-4 m and even more. A smaller area, within 3x2 m, is occupied by varieties on dwarf rootstocks.

Ranetka care

During the growing season, ranetki practically do not require care. In prolonged dry weather, you can water and (if desired) fertilize with 30-50 g nitrophoska / tree.

Any location for a ranetka is suitable, even with shading.

Ranetki propagation is carried out by grafted seedlings.

Varieties of ranetok for summer cottage cultivation

When choosing ranetki varieties, pay attention to Siberian souvenir, Zolotodolinsky, Kulunda, Isaev's memory. Ranetki varieties are distinguished by high winter hardiness. yellow longleg, Tuvinka, Siberian Bagryanka, Gentle Transbaikal, Dobrynya, Ranetka Canning, Titovka hybrid.

At your disposal are more than 100 varieties of ranetki, which are distinguished by exceptionally high winter hardiness.

2. Cherry plum

Cherry plum, or Plum splayed, is one of the initial forms when the home plum appears.

Transcaucasia and Front (South-West) Asia are considered to be the birthplace of wild cherry plum. Cherry plum began to be domesticated around the 10th-13th centuries. Over time, the distribution area reached the countries of Western Europe and Asia. Currently, cherry plum is cultivated in regions with a suitable climate in Asia Minor and Central Asia, in the Baltic states, Belarus, Moldova, Primorye, and Ukraine.

Cherry plums are successfully grown in gardens and dachas in the northern regions of Asian Russia. Cherry plum is practically not damaged during prolonged cold weather in the Moscow region, the Central and North-Western regions of the Russian Federation and the countries of the European part of the continent.

In order to guarantee the harvest of a ripe fruit crop, they mainly grow early varieties of cherry plum.

Cherry plum features

Cherry plum is one of the ancestors of the domestic plum. It differs from real plums in smaller fruits and high acidity. For this feature, cherry plum, for example, is used instead of vinegar for winter harvesting. The culture is very unpretentious and quickly takes root in any conditions. It doesn't care about the type of soil. The culture is drought- and frost-resistant. Varieties obtained by crossing cherry plum with thorns have advanced the culture to the northern regions of not only Russia, but also European countries, where zoned varieties can withstand frosts down to -32 ..-36 ° С without loss.

Useful properties and use of cherry plum

Cherry plum is a fruit crop with a high content of sugars, organic acids, carotene, and vitamins in fruits. It is used as a fresh product and for canning in the form of compotes, juices, marmalade, jelly, marshmallows, marmalade and even slivyanka (an alcoholic drink).

Cherry plum seedlings from seeds are used as a stock for apricot, peach, and varietal plum.

Planting cherry plum

Certain troubles are caused only by planting cherry plum seedlings. Soils suitable for cherry plum are different, but neutral in pH. So acidic soils neutralized with chalk, and gypsum is added to alkaline during planting.

The roots of the cherry plum do not tolerate flooding, so it is better to place the seedlings on a hill, and with a close occurrence groundwater arrange good drainage or land on an artificial hill. When planting, the root neck of the cherry plum should be located above the soil level. Up to 2 buckets of water are poured into the planting pit, and the planting is mulched with a thick layer of straw, high-moor peat, compost, humus, and fine cutting of dry herbs.

Cherry plum care

Cherry plum forms sufficient yields even without care. The culture is practically not damaged by pests, it rarely gets sick. In drought, cherry plum does not drop the ovary.

Naturally, the usual work with cherry plum during the warm season will still need to be done (destroy weeds, water during a long drought, carry out sanitary pruning, do not forget to harvest on time, etc.).

For better pollination in the garden, it is better to plant 2-3 trees of different varieties of cherry plum. In order not to take up extra space for the garden, it is more practical to choose varieties on a dwarf stock.

Cherry plum is propagated by seeds, its seedlings are used as rootstocks, and also by grafting, like other horticultural crops. It is easy to propagate by layering.

Varieties of cherry plum for growing in the country

Cultivated varieties created by breeders make it possible to grow cherry plum in regions with a fairly cold climate. Breeding techniques have significantly improved the quality of the fruit, but its characteristic sweet and sour taste has not yet been removed.

Early varieties of cherry plum: marquee, Gold of the Scythians, Gift to St. Petersburg, Nesmeyana, Monomakh etc. The fruits ripen in the third decade of July - the first decade of August.

Medium varieties of cherry plum: Sarmatka, apricot, Kuban comet, peach, Carmine Zhukova, Chuk other. Ripens in the first half of August.

Late varieties of cherry plum: Cleopatra, Huck, Beauty of the Oryol region. The fruits ripen in the third decade of August - the first half of September. Note! In cool summer conditions, these varieties do not always have time to ripen.

Of the proposed varieties of cherry plum, they have increased winter hardiness, low growth (2.5-3.0 m), easy (and not very easy) separation of the stone from the pulp in the following: Cleopatra, Kuban Comet, Zlato Scythov. They withstand the climate of central Russia well.

The cherry plum variety Kubanskaya Kometa is self-fertile, does not require pollinators, it is zoned for the North-Western and Central Black Earth regions.

3. Irga

Irga or Korinka, like the apple tree and cherry plum, belongs to the pink family. As a fruit plant, irga has been known in Europe since the 16th century. At first, irgu was cultivated in England, then in Holland. The berries were used to make wine reminiscent of Cahors.

The distribution area of ​​the shadberry extends over all regions of Western Europe. With success, irga is grown by amateur gardeners in Russia, Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine.

In Russia, the round-leaved irga is mainly distributed, which initially grew in the Crimea and the Caucasus, and then began to quickly gain popularity in the southern, central and northern regions of the Russian Federation almost everywhere except the Arctic.

Easily tolerates frosts of -40..-50°C, and during the flowering of shadberry, short frosts of -5..-7°C do not harm the flowers at all.

Irgi features

Irga refers to unpretentious garden crops. It easily tolerates drought and frost, does not require watering, is not affected by pests and diseases, annually forms high yields of sweet to cloying fruits.

The unpretentiousness of the irgi is associated with its biological characteristics. The root system of the irgi occupies an area in the soil much larger than above-ground part and in sufficient provides the plant with moisture and nutrients. Irga is responsive to fertilizing and watering, but she can take care of herself on her own.

Irga easily tolerates a haircut, shading, high air pollution, strong wind, can be used as a living fence of the site. Irga is distinguished by its longevity (bushes live up to 70 years), and rapid growth.

Useful properties and application of irgi

Irga is distinguished by a high content of sugars in fruits (up to 12%), organic acids, including ascorbic acid - up to 40%, vitamins. The nutritional and medicinal value of culture determined its location in the hierarchy useful berries nicknames. Decoctions and tinctures from shadberry leaves, flowers, fruits, bark, both fresh and dried, have a high therapeutic effect. Home medicines increase the elasticity of blood vessels, prevent varicose veins, and lower blood pressure. Decoctions are used for sore throats, disorders and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Juices, jelly, jams, compotes, wine are prepared from berries of shadberry, they are consumed fresh in summer.

Landing irgi

Irga belongs to early crops, and after planting on permanent place it forms a crop for 3-4 years. The best time for planting irgi is autumn. Planting and care are the same as for other fruit-bearing shrubs.

Irgi breeding

Irgu is propagated by seed and vegetatively. Seedlings obtained from seeds are used as dwarf rootstocks for pears and apple trees.

Vegetatively, irgu is propagated by root growth, division of the bush, cuttings (green cuttings are used).

Irgi varieties for growing in the country

For regions with severe frosts, varieties of shadberry of Canadian selection are suitable, which can withstand temperatures down to -45 ° C: Regent, Altaglow, pembina, Slate, Strata, parkhill. In varieties of irgi bluemun and bluesun in separate, especially cold winters with prolonged frosts of -37 ..-38 ° C, the tips of the shoots freeze slightly, which quickly recover after pruning.

In the southern regions, the conditions of central and central Russia and other regions of the CIS with the same climate, varieties of irgi grow and bear fruit magnificently bluesun, pembina, mendan, Slate, bluemun, Surprise. Some gardeners successfully grow these varieties of shadberry and to the north.

4. Dogwood

Dogwood in the wild is common in the Crimea, Transcarpathia, Moldova, and the Caucasus. Translated into Russian, dogwood means "red" for the scarlet color of fruits saturated with anthocyanins.

The homeland of dogwood is Western Asia, where, in the wild, shrubs occupy significant areas of undergrowth and edges of mountain forests. The onset of very early flowering is typical for dogwood plants - March-April, as soon as daytime temperatures exceed +6 .. + 10 ° С. The growing season of dogwood is long - up to 120 days or more.

Currently, the plant is cultivated in Asia Minor, Southern and Eastern Europe, France, Italy, Japan, China, North America.

Dogwood occupies significant areas in Ukraine and Moldova. It occurs in many regions of Russia with an average winter temperature in the range of -30 ..-35 ° C, distributed in the middle zone of the European and Asian parts of Russia.

dogwood features

Dogwood in natural conditions is formed by a multi-stemmed deciduous shrub. Maintenance-free shrubs and dogwood trees grow in one place for up to 100 years. Drought tolerant and does not require watering even during long dry periods. Diseases and pests do not affect dogwood.

Very early flowering is a clear decoration in places where unpretentious dogwood thickets are distributed, which can withstand frosts down to -30 ..-35 ° С. Dogwood - a good honey plant that does not require complex care, will be a clear help for beekeeping lovers. When the above-ground mass freezes, the dogwood quickly restores the crown from the root shoots.

The fruits of all types of dogwood - drupes, ripening from August to October, have a tart, astringent, sweet and sour taste with a pleasant refreshing aroma. The beauty and elegance of the autumn colors of dogwood shrubs attract landscape designers who use culture in solitary plantings, hedges.

Useful properties of dogwood

According to the composition of useful substances, especially vitamins, dogwood is superior to mountain ash, lemon and gooseberry. AT traditional medicine dogwood fruits and leaves are used for gastrointestinal diseases, colds, inflammation of hemorrhoidal cones. Normalize blood pressure, prevent sclerosis. Good phytoncide. Dogwood is also widely used in the food industry.

Dogwood planting and care

Planting and care are common, as for all shrub crops. Considering that the root system of young plants is shallow (up to 40-50 cm), in the first years the dogwood needs maintenance watering. With age, the need for them disappears.

Dogwood successfully tolerates transplants. Fruiting begins at 5-6 years. To speed it up, the conditions for providing nutrients and moisture are tightened in the second half of the growing season.

dogwood breeding

Dogwood is propagated by seeds, root offspring, grafting, cuttings, layering. At seed propagation the first crop is formed in 5-6 years and is mainly used to obtain a large amount of planting material for landscape design. At vegetative propagation the first crop of dogwood is harvested for 2-3 years.

Dogwood varieties for growing in the country

For cultivation in the country, dogwood varieties have been bred that form large fruits, and different colors (multi-color, white, blue, blue-violet, bright red).

• Vladimirsky(fruits are red, black-red),
• Vydubetsky(fruits are dark red oval-pear-shaped),
• Grenadier(fruits are red-black oval-cylindrical),
• Evgenia, Elena(fruits are bright red, almost black, oval-shaped),
• Coral(fruits are pink, yellow, pink-orange, red, wide round),
• Alba(fruits are white)
• Nikolka(very early, red-black fruits),
• Gentle(fruits are yellow, pear-shaped)

other.

5. Sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn in vivo represented by a dioecious shrub or trees of medium height. Sea buckthorn belongs to plants whose medicinal properties used by healers in ancient Greece.

Sea buckthorn occupies vast areas in Western and Central Asia, Mongolia, China, Pakistan and India, the Caucasus, and Europe. In Russia it grows in the European part, in the Asian its thickets occupy significant areas in Western and Eastern Siberia, in Altai. A lot of sea buckthorn in the North Caucasus. Sea buckthorn grows mainly on floodplain soils of rivers and along the shores of lakes, where there is enough moisture and sun. Use the fruits of sea buckthorn as a food product, medicinal and livestock feed.

Features of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is able to endure frosts down to -45°C, which makes it possible to grow it in the coldest regions. It has become widespread due to the high value of the fruits from which sea buckthorn oil is obtained, which is used for medicinal purposes.

Sea buckthorn blooms in May, the fruits ripen in August - September. Refers to early. The first crop can be harvested already in the 3rd year of growth and development.

Useful properties and use of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is a multivitamin culture with a high content of vitamins, minerals, sugars, organic acids, tannins, and fatty oils.

Fatty oils of sea buckthorn with unsaturated and saturated fatty acids used for medicinal purposes in the official pharmacopoeia. From the leaves and bark of sea buckthorn, decoctions and infusions are prepared, which are used in folk medicine to treat many diseases.

Jelly, juices, homemade liqueurs are prepared from the fruits. Leaves and young shoots of sea buckthorn are used for tanning and dyeing leather, as well as fabrics in yellow and black. The powerful root system of sea buckthorn fixes ravine slopes, landslides, and road slopes well.

Sea buckthorn is a very unpretentious culture, and its only disadvantage is the rapid reproduction of root offspring.

Planting and caring for sea buckthorn

Seedlings and seedlings of sea buckthorn are usually planted in spring or autumn, depending on the climatic conditions of the region. The rest of the care is normal, as for shadberry, dogwood and other shrubs.

Sea buckthorn breeding

Sea buckthorn propagates by seeds, which must necessarily undergo stratification, and vegetatively - by root shoots, cuttings.

Varieties of sea buckthorn for growing in the country.

Breeders have bred more than 40 varieties of sea buckthorn, including large-fruited ones: openwork, pearl, Augustine. Given that sea buckthorn is a dioecious crop, male pollinating varieties have been bred Dwarf and Alley.

For regions with unfavorable conditions (long-term frosts above -38..-40°C), we can recommend sea buckthorn varieties: Darling, Nugget, Inya, Altai, Giant.

For the middle lane - Elizabeth, orange, Fragrant.

6. Raspberry

Raspberries can also be attributed to unpretentious garden crops. With minimal care (planted, watered, harvested, cut off in the fall), this shrub continues to please not very cheerful owners. In the wild, raspberries grow everywhere from the southern outskirts of the European part of the CIS and Western countries to cold Siberia in Eurasia.

Raspberry belongs to crops with a broken distribution area, which historically led to different types plants of this family. But each type of raspberry, having botanical differences, in general, gives a lot of pleasure as a valuable product and an indispensable medicine for colds.

In natural nature, raspberry occupies damp shady places, forest edges, ravines, but still prefers fertile soils. In dachas, raspberries can be placed in an inconvenient place, where, having fit into the general landscape, for many years it will supply the owners with tasty and healthy berries.

Raspberry Features

Unlike frost-resistant crops, raspberries do not tolerate severe frosts, love snow shelters, but are quickly restored by root offspring. Raspberries are good for unpretentiousness in care and form crops, being generally abandoned.

Useful properties and application of raspberries

Raspberries are widely used in folk medicine for all colds. But official medicine recommends using only common raspberries for the preparation of medicinal decoctions and tinctures. Its varieties should be bred in your rational garden.

Raspberry fruits and leaves are rich in organic acids, a wide range of vitamins and minerals, sugars. They are used as an antipyretic, diaphoretic, antimicrobial agent. A decoction of the roots is a good anti-allergic agent. A decoction of flowers is drunk for neuroses.

Fresh, frozen and dry raspberries are widely used in cooking. Drinks, jams, juices, wine are prepared from fresh berries.

Raspberry Care

The most unpleasant property of raspberry bushes is crawling to new habitats. Over time, raspberries can take up the entire small area.

Experienced gardeners recommend planting raspberries in trenches, enclosing the latter with waste slate and other materials to the depth of the bulk of the roots. Regulate the growth of raspberries in trenches with autumn pruning. Another tip: plant raspberries with garlic, then garden bed will be released for other crops, and raspberries prefer not to grow beyond garlic.

During the growing season (especially in dry weather) raspberries need to be watered, but during the hot summer it is still a pleasant concern.

In the summer cottage, it is best to propagate raspberries by dividing the bush and root offspring.

Raspberry varieties for growing in the country

Early varieties of raspberries: early dawn, abundant, Giant, Cascade, Michurinskaya. Variety Yellow Giant or simply Giant- the best for the conditions of the North-West regions. Very convenient for unpretentious garden is an early raspberry variety Mirage. Fruits all summer. It practically does not react to adverse weather conditions. All care is spring pruning by 15-25 cm and loosening of bushes, which can be combined with top dressing.

Medium raspberries: Arbat, Pride of Russia, Cleopatra, Kirzhach, Maroseyka, Siberian girl, Golden Giant yellow-fruited.

Late raspberry varieties: Samara dense, Companion, Peresvet, Stolichnaya, Mirage. These varieties are great for winter harvesting.

Experienced gardeners often do not choose varieties by ripening time, but use varieties of remontant raspberries, which manage to provide everyone with a harvest. For gardeners who prefer minimal crop care, the following remontant varieties can be considered a priority - Bryansk wonder, Hercules, apricot, Atlant, Gold autumn , ruby necklace, Indian summer, Eurasia, Polka.

Most suitable variety raspberries for all regions, including the Moscow region, where the climate can change dramatically during the year, is Hercules. The variety reproduces rapidly, resistant to fungal and bacterial diseases. Not picky about environmental conditions and care during the growing season. Pay attention to the raspberry variety Polka. Fruiting from July to November. Suitable for all regions, including the northern ones.

7. Aronia chokeberry

Aronia chokeberry, or chokeberry is distinguished by exceptional unpretentiousness. Aronia is one of the few horticultural crops that has anti-allergic properties and is widely used not only in folk, but also in official medicine.

The eastern part of North America is considered the homeland of the chokeberry. Aronia came from America to Europe in the 18th century, and then found its niche in the lands of Russia. The founder of northern gardening I.V. Michurin recommended chokeberry for northern fruit growing.

Aronia chokeberry successfully grows and bears fruit in all regions with suitable climatic and soil conditions. The high winter hardiness of chokeberry contributed to the successful growth not only in the southern, but also in the more northern regions of Eastern and Western Siberia, in the Urals, near St. Petersburg.

Features of aronia chokeberry

Aronia chokeberry belongs to the group of low trees or shrubs (2-4 m tall). AT young age culture has a compact crown. With age, the crown becomes spreading, which should be considered when planting.

For rational gardens, chokeberry is an indispensable crop. It is distinguished by rapid growth, precocity, an exceptionally high content of nutrients for the human body. When choosing a place for planting chokeberry, you need to take into account that it does not tolerate saline and waterlogged soils, rocky soils. Grows normally on sandy soils, not enough fertile soils and acid. Groundwater is not a hindrance for planting, as the roots of chokeberry go deep into the soil by 0.5-0.7 m. It is undemanding to care.

Aronia chokeberry blooms from the second half of May to mid-June. Ripens in August, September depending on the growing region. Ripe fruits are black in color with a tart taste, slightly astringent with a pleasant sourness. For the formation high yield chokeberry needs good lighting (this must be taken into account when choosing a landing site).

By autumn, chokeberry leaves acquire red-purple and very elegant tones. Landscape designers classify culture as decorative and use it in the decoration of parks and other places of public recreation.

Useful properties and application of aronia chokeberry

Aronia chokeberry fruits include a huge list of useful substances, including vitamins of group B, PP, E, which contribute to the rejuvenation of the body. The high content of microelements, pectins, tannins, sugars, organic acids, sorbitol (cyclic alcohols) strengthens blood vessels, improves the formation and outflow of bile, removes heavy metals from the body, is used as an antiallergic agent, helps with measles, scarlet fever and other diseases. Preparations from the fruits of aronia chokeberry are used for capillary toxicosis, allergic vasculitis, eczema. Jam, jam, candied fruits, wine, compotes, juices are prepared from the fruits of chokeberry.

Planting aronia chokeberry

Planting seedlings and grafted seedlings of chokeberry in a permanent place can be carried out in spring before bud break and in autumn, depending on the region. The planting process and preparatory work are the same as for other fruit crops.

Aronia Care

Young plants need watering and loosening, responsive to top dressing. In the absence of care, they continue to grow and multiply normally.

Aronia chokeberry has one unpleasant drawback: it needs annual destruction of root suckers Otherwise, it can capture large areas.

Reproduction of aronia chokeberry

Aronia refers to self-pollinated crops. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively. Seeds need stratification before sowing, so they are sown in the fall, embedding 1.0-1.5 cm into the soil. Seedlings appear in May. Aronia chokeberry is propagated by seeds as an ornamental crop to obtain a large amount of planting material.

For reproduction in the country, layering, dividing the bush, cuttings, and vaccinations are used, which ensure the precocity of the culture. Already in the 3rd year, you can take the first test crop of chokeberry. Aronia chokeberry fruits are harvested in their biological ripeness.

Aronia chokeberry varieties for growing in the country

Many breeders work on the selection of aronia chokeberry foreign countries. They offer varieties with high quality indicators: viking, aron, Hakkiya, Dabrowice, Kutna other.

Of the varieties bred by Russian breeders, the most famous variety Aronia Michurina, which is named after the creator.

Breeders have proposed varieties of chokeberry that have a hybrid origin, which are successfully grown in the gardens of the southern and northern regions - Nero, black-eyed, Rubina, Altai Large-fruited, Grandiolia, estland etc. It should be noted that outwardly all varieties are extremely similar and differ mainly in taste.

Blackberry is known in Russia under two names: gray blackberry and bushy blackberry (or common). The bluish blackberry is also called dewberry or sundew, and bushy - kumanika.

About 200 species of blackberries occupy vast areas in Eurasia and North America, which is considered the birthplace of the origin of this crop. 52 species are distributed in the Russian Federation. Abundant thickets of wild blackberries are found in the Caucasus, in the Urals, in Altai. Sweet berries and vegetative parts of blackberries have long been used by humans for fresh food and medicinal drinks. But only in the 19th century did the first varieties appear for the cultivation of blackberries cultivated as an agricultural crop.

Blackberry features

Blackberry belongs to the group shrub plants height from 1.0 to 3.0 meters. Plants are unpretentious to care and in any conditions form fragrant crops fruits. Blackberry fruits, depending on the variety, have different colors: yellow, black, red. The fruits are shiny or slightly bluish.

The underground part of the blackberry consists of the main rhizome and adventitious roots, extending into the depth of the soil by 0.5-1.5 meters. The roots occupy an area around the bush up to 2-3 meters, form a dense root growth. Blackberry is a drought-resistant plant, thanks to its roots that penetrate deep into the soil.

Cultivated varieties allow you to grow blackberries in middle zone and beyond at winter temperatures down to -25..-28°С.

According to the formation of the above-ground mass, blackberries are divided into 2 types: creeping (dewberry) and upright (bramble). In creeping blackberries, the fruits are larger and more juicy than in erect ones. Its shoots are bent by an arc and, having reached the soil, take root with the tops. Kumaniki do not have this feature. Perennial wood in blackberries does not form and, after fruiting, its stems die off. They are cut in the fall. This feature allows you to grow blackberries without winter shelters, even in regions with severe frosts.

Useful properties of blackberries

The fruits of blackberries contain vitamins of group "B", vitamins "P", "C", "E", provitamin "A", as well as a hematopoietic complex of microelements (molybdenum, tungsten, copper, manganese). Recommended for use in anemia. The leaves contain flavonoids and inositol. The content of useful substances in the fruits, flowers and leaves of blackberries is used in the treatment of anemia, colds, to improve memory, the functioning of coronary vessels, etc. Blackberries are used fresh or prepared compotes, juices, jams.

Planting and caring for blackberries

Blackberry grows on any soil, but prefers medium loamy, fertile, without close occurrence of groundwater. Planting rooted seedlings is carried out in the same way as raspberries.

Planting and caring for blackberries are similar to raspberries. When planting thornless varieties, it is necessary winter shelter due to their low winter hardiness.

Blackberry propagation

Blackberries are propagated in dachas and house garden and berry plantings in a vegetative way - cuttings, layering, tops of shoots.

The tip is usually propagated by creeping forms of blackberries. In July, the tops of the shoots are carefully tilted and fixed with a V-shaped wooden pin in a 10-15 cm depression in the soil with the top up. Leave the tip of a branch with 2-3 leaves above the soil. The soil is kept constantly moist. Biological preparations are added to the water for irrigation: root, planriz, which contribute to the rapid growth of roots.

In autumn, the rooted tops of blackberries are covered with mulch from freezing. From the mother plant is separated the next year, sometimes after 2 years.

To obtain large quantity planting material, pin a young blackberry shoot with swollen buds in early spring. When buds open, they form side shoots. As soon as they grow up to 10-15 cm, they are also pinned and covered with soil. By autumn, rooted blackberry seedlings are obtained, which are separated from the mother plant the next year and planted in a permanent place.

Blackberry varieties for growing in the country

In the country it is more expedient to grow hybrid varieties blackberries. They differ in productivity, exquisite taste, frost resistance and resistance to diseases and pests. most famous remontant variety blackberries Ruben with good frost resistance.

Gardeners' favorite - thornless blackberry variety Waldo with early ripening berries. It develops well and bears fruit in thickened plantings. Of other thornless varieties with early fruit ripening, we can recommend Loch Mary, loch tay.

The hybrid varieties of raspberries with blackberries are widely used by blackberry lovers: El Dorado, Erie, Old Brighton, Loganberry.

Unique hybrid Chief Joseph, forming bright black berries up to 40 g in weight.

Ezhemalina Taybury(blackberry-raspberry hybrid) forms dark red fruits up to 5 cm long.

When choosing a blackberry variety for growing in the country, it is necessary to purchase zoned varieties that will need less shelter and other unforeseen care during the growing season and during wintering.

9. Walnut

Walnut comes from Central Asia. Known under Russian names - Greek walnut, Volosh walnut, Royal walnut. For its valuable nutritional qualities, it is called the tree of life, the food of heroes.

In the wild, the walnut occupies a significant area of ​​countries with a warm and hot climate. Currently growing in Russia in the Caucasus, in the south of Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova. Breeders promote culture in the middle lane and the northern regions of Russia, the CIS, and Europe. Today, walnuts are harvested near St. Petersburg, in the Moscow region, Vyazma, and the Tula region.

In addition to walnuts, in such a rational garden in central Russia, ripened crops of Manchurian, black, heart-shaped nuts are harvested, which are able to withstand frosts of -40 ..-50 ° С.

walnut features

Walnut - large tree, up to 25 m high, with a spreading crown. It is a southern plant and tolerates southern climates and southern winters well. At present, the culture is advanced to the north. Separate varieties of walnuts (grade "Ideal") are able to withstand frost, and at -32 ..-36 ° C keep buds and wood alive. However, during prolonged frosts of -25..-28°C, the walnut may still freeze.

Walnut loves bright places with constant sunlight. Does not tolerate dense plantings, close-lying groundwater. It develops poorly on compacted and waterlogged soil. The best soils for walnuts are carbonate loams and light fertile soils.

Walnuts ripen in September-October. In mature nuts, the pericarp bursts into several pieces and is separated from the stone.

Useful properties and application of walnut

Walnuts are grown for their edible kernels, which contain a wide range of nutrients, including essential oil, which gives a special smell to walnut gardens and individual plantings.

Walnut fatty oil determines the high value of walnut kernels as a food and medicinal product.

Walnut fruits are a very valuable food product. Useful material fruits and nut leaves are used in the folk treatment of many diseases: gastrointestinal tract, gynecological, kidneys, bladder, tonsillitis, beriberi, atherosclerosis.

Planting and caring for walnuts

Planting and care are common for grafted and self-rooted seedlings (i.e. seedlings obtained by rooting cuttings or from root shoots). Walnut does not require special crown formation, constant fertilizing and watering. Subject to spatial isolation, the walnut practically does not get sick and is not damaged by pests. It is considered an unpretentious plant, especially for the southern regions.

Reproduction of a walnut

The walnut propagates by seed and vegetatively. The powerful development of the tap root system in the first year of life is characteristic, reaching a depth of 4 m over time, which makes it easy to endure dry periods and not require irrigation.

It is more practical to propagate walnuts vegetatively, including stumps. Overgrown plants for 2-3 years form the first crop.

With seed propagation of walnut, the formation of the crop begins from 8-10-12 years. Under favorable conditions, plants can live in one place up to 300-400 years.

Walnut varieties for growing in the country

For the southern regions, the most popular are: early variety walnut Dessert, Elegant, mid-season Aurora. Good harvests form early maturing walnut varieties abundant and fruitful.

The varieties of Moldova and Ukraine are overwhelmingly frost-resistant, but are nevertheless intended for southern regions with mild winters: Moldavian, Codrene, Chisinau, Briceni, Carpathian and etc.

At present, breeders have bred a number of walnut varieties for the conditions of the middle zone of the European and Asian parts of the Russian Federation. For these regions, early varieties are recommended. Dawn of the East, Breeder, Baikonur, Pinsky.

Interesting variety of walnut Ideal, which forms 2 crops in one growing season and is one of the most frost-resistant varieties, and a walnut variety Giant, the properties of which make it possible to cultivate a crop throughout the territory of the Russian Federation.

For cottage cultivation it is better to use early-ripening varieties of walnuts, which form a crop for 2-3-4 years. Early maturing varieties include Aurora, Breeder, Dawn of the East, Pinsky, state farm, Five-Year Plan, Beloved Petrosyan.

A large garden is the dream of every gardener. In it, you can realize all your dreams and ideas regarding the number of different decorative, fruit and berry crops. On the big land area you do not have to worry about saving space, such a problem does not even arise. But gardeners who have a small garden plot will have to sweat a lot in order to properly and competently plan and organize the planting of all types of plants. After all, I want to get a good harvest, and build a beautiful flower garden, and maybe a small lawn.

On a limited land area, it is necessary to use non-standard solutions from experienced landscape designers, gardeners and flower growers who will help to place fruit trees and berry bushes even in the smallest space. This is possible only on the condition that ornamental and fruit crops will be adjacent to each other and interspersed with each other. Habitual orchard can easily become a picturesque area, consisting of flowering ornamental plants and fruit trees and shrubs. At first it seems like a difficult task, but the result is worth it.

In order for different types of plants to fully develop and not interfere with each other, it is necessary to select them according to the following principles:

• Place of cultivation.
• Soil requirements.
• According to the illumination of the area.

Neighboring crops with similar requirements will not only get along well, but will also benefit in the form of a quality crop and decorative appeal. There are many options for replacing an ornamental plant with a fruit plant.

Coniferous tree - for fruit (plum, cherry, apple tree)

If pines and spruces grow in the garden plot, you can replace one of these trees with an equally attractive apple tree or other fruit tree, which will maintain the decorative effect of the composition in any season. After all, branches of needles in combination with branches flowering tree in spring time, with a lush green crown in summer period and a scattering of fruits shining in the sun in autumn look great side by side and are a complete composition. Only in winter, when fruit trees stand without foliage, the aesthetic appearance will be slightly disturbed, but then the harvest is harvested, and preparations for the winter are made.

Thuyu - on raspberry bushes, boxwood - on blackberries or rose hips

A hedge on the site, consisting of thuja or boxwood bushes, which acts as a dense plant screen, can become half fruit and berry. This addition will only give it originality and charm and will be able to protect it from uninvited guests and prying eyes. A hedge of thuja and raspberry bushes will look great and attract attention with juicy in green and bright red splashes of berries on its background.

If the hedge is on a trellis, try replacing individual ornamental plant specimens with blackberry bushes, which will not only look elegant but also produce large yields. Well, initially you can create such a fence from several types of wild fruit and berry plantations. How much benefit will the fruits of wild rose, sea buckthorn or hawthorn bring! Their care is minimal, and as a result, a considerable harvest of healthy berries and a wonderful decoration of the garden.

In a limited garden area, you can use standard forms of fruit crops that will not overload the overall landscape, but will become elements that divide the garden plot into zones. Such plants can be planted in a straight line or a semicircle to define a recreation area or a children's clearing.

Roses - on Japanese quince or gooseberries

An important role in personal plot play flower beds and flower beds. Their real decoration and the most important pride are often roses of various types and varieties. These traditional ornamental shrubs can be replaced with gooseberries or quince, lingonberries or blueberries.

Ground cover plants - for garden strawberries

Numerous types of ground cover plants are used in the garden not only for decoration, comfort, space filling, but also for protection from weeds. They cover any territory with a dense carpet and create a glade pleasing to the eye. No worse in appearance and decorative effect will look a clearing from garden strawberries. This is perennial looks very impressive and brings a large number of useful fruits for 3-4 seasons.

Clematis and wisteria - for grapes and actinidia

A worthy, attractive and useful decoration of buildings and walls of houses can be grapes and a close relative of kiwi - actinidia. You can also use trellises, on which the plants will quickly climb up and not take up much space in the garden.

For garden areas with a minimum area, there is also an excellent option for landscaping and ennobling the site with fruit plantations. Standard forms of berry and fruit crops that grow in tubs will come to the rescue. Their disadvantage is small harvest, but on the other hand, such plants can be placed in any part of the garden, as well as on the terrace, loggia, balcony and in a variety of non-standard places.

It is very important when growing fruit crops in tubs to choose the right container (usually big size), fill it with a quality and suitable potting mix (rather than ordinary garden soil) and apply appropriate fertilizers regularly throughout the spring-summer, and for some, autumn season.

A variety of crops can be grown in tubs - grapes, strawberries and strawberries, raspberries and blackberries, peaches, almonds, apple trees, pears and many others. Berry crops can grow well in tub containers in combination with ornamental plants. Balcony or terrace can become real orchard, because for containers and tubs a lot of space is not required, and if there is a trellis, even the walls will turn into a decorative decoration from dense foliage or a variety of colors.

Experienced gardeners recommend that when creating such a complex planting, it is imperative to take into account the requirements of plants. Each crop must receive sufficient heat, water, lighting and nutrition. In mixed plantings, it is also worth paying attention to the height of the plants and planting them alternately - undersized (flowering crops) in the foreground, and tall ones (pears, apple trees, rose hips) in the background.

Garden plot planning rules (video)

As soon as a person has a plot of land, the question immediately arises before him, what to plant?

Of course with the garden. On the beds we grow annual crops and have the opportunity to change them every year at our discretion.

The garden is another matter. Perennial fruit and berry crops can grow in one place for 15–20 years, and by planting it, we expect that our grandchildren will also harvest here.

There are several dozen types of berry bushes, each of which has several varieties. So what kind of berries do gardeners grow in general? What kind fruit bushes plant in the garden?

Berry bushes for summer cottages, photo with names

Let's start with traditional crops that can be found in almost any area.

Currant

Probably the most common and popular shrub among gardeners. Yes, and the breeders worked hard on it for the glory.

A huge number of blackcurrant varieties have been bred with different terms maturation. Having planted several different bushes, you can enjoy fresh berries all summer long.

In addition to black currants, there are also red and white, although there are clearly fewer of them in the gardens, and the choice of varieties is not rich. Redcurrant berries can decorate a bush until late autumn, while they chemical composition does not change.

If the previous types of currants are well known to everyone, then not everyone knows. It is not the berries that have a bright golden color, although their palette is also diverse - black, pink, orange, purple, but flowers.

It is drought-resistant and quite winter-hardy; its homeland is America.

Gooseberry

It appeared in Russia in the 16th century. And he had such names as bersen, kryzh, agryz. And the “royal jam” from it has long become a classic.

It starts fruiting early and bears fruit for 25-30 years. True, harvesting from a thorny bush is an unpleasant pleasure, but breeders are for recent times bred a sufficient number of varieties with weak thorns or no thorns at all.

According to the color of the berries, he also has a riot of colors - from green and red tones to black.

Yoshta

There is not enough space for planting, and the choice is between these two cultures, do not be discouraged. Pay attention to .

It belongs to non-traditional crops, and so far a rare guest in garden plots. Yoshta does not have thorns on the stems, reaches a height of 1.5 meters.

Large black berries purple tint have a sweet and sour taste. The shrub tolerates frost well and is immune to many diseases.

Raspberry

Self-pollinating shrub growing in one place up to 20 years, but bountiful harvest gives within 10-12 years. About that.

There is only one drawback of raspberry, it does not tolerate frost well and often freezes. Even bred winter-hardy varieties suffer from this flaw. At -30 ° C, the bush dies.

If you think that raspberries are only red, then you are deeply mistaken. During the mutation, yellow-fruited raspberries were obtained.

As well as blackberry black raspberries, known among gardeners as Cumberland. But this is only one of the varieties that are grown in our country, the rest, due to low frost resistance, have not taken root in our country. Its berries are black, so it is often confused with blackberries.

But it is easy to distinguish it from the latter, as in red raspberries, the berries are easily separated from the stem. During the natural crossing of black and red raspberries, varieties with a dark purple color appeared.

Blackberry

Rarely found in gardens, as it does not tolerate cold winters. The berries are one of the last to ripen in the garden, from mid-August until the first frost. It is noteworthy that blackberries do not separate from the stem, so they do not crumble.

The color of the fruit can be not only black, but also red and yellow. It is more drought tolerant than its cousin the raspberry.

Sea ​​buckthorn

Perennial with thorns that lives up to 80 years.

It withstands frosts down to -45 °C.

On some bushes, sea buckthorn are located only female flowers(berries form on them), on others - male, forming pollen. Therefore, to obtain a crop, they are planted on 5–7 female bushes 1-2 men's. The flowers are pollinated mainly by the wind.

Honeysuckle edible

The berries of this culture begin to ripen the very first in the garden.

This is a photophilous plant. Honeysuckle immediately responds to shading with slow growth and low yields.

It tolerates winters well, has high winter hardiness. The berries ripen within 1-2 weeks, unfriendly and crumble heavily.

viburnum

Viburnum also belongs to the honeysuckle family. fast growing shrub is a valuable honey plant. Varietal plants differ from wild representatives in slightly bitter and more vitamin fruits.

To obtain a crop, several bushes are planted close to each other. A stand-alone shrub growing in the distance will not bear fruit.

It lives for more than 50 years, is resistant to frost, tolerates shading, but the yield is reduced.

Mountain ash

Yes, yes, that grows everywhere, and in winter birds feast on its bright red bitter berries.

It can grow in the most severe climatic conditions, where other berry bushes freeze out.

It is better to plant varietal mountain ash in the garden, since its berries are less bitter. There is also a variety with yellow fruits.

Rowan chokeberry or chokeberry

Perennial shrub, reaching a height of 2-4 meters. The shape of the bush and leaves is very different from the mountain ash.

It is demanding on moisture and prefers a bright place. Swampy areas are not suitable for its cultivation.

Is different high yield, not crumbling of fruits when ripe and good keeping quality, they are immune to various diseases and pests.

In about berry bushes.

Each owner of a country house wants to have an orchard on his land: apple, cherry, from different varieties and types of crops. In spring, trees and bushes bloom delightfully, smell fragrant, fruits and berries grown with one's own hand are always tastier than those purchased in the market or in a store. In addition, the products are environmentally friendly. A blooming orchard is perceived as a symbol of well-being and abundance.

Where to locate an orchard

Growing a garden is not easy. Main mistake beginner gardeners in that they are in a hurry to master the site without having studied the culture of planting. Seedlings planted without taking into account the characteristics and compatibility eventually begin to become infected with diseases and oppress each other. Proper placement of fruit trees in the garden, taking into account sunny and shady areas, soil types, depth of groundwater, is the key to a future successful garden.

Nature itself helps to determine the suitability and unsuitability of land for gardening. Maple, mountain ash, wild pear grow on richer soils, alder, willow, sedge grow in wetlands. Dense clay and stony soil is not suitable for laying a garden. Chernozem is ideal, but more often plants are planted on moderately acidic soils. The main thing is to do it away from conifers and birches, on the territory freed from fallen leaves.

In areas with high groundwater, plants also cannot develop well, as the roots will constantly be in the water, rot from a lack of oxygen and nutrients. The optimum water level for fruit trees should be no closer than 15 m from the surface. But for shrubs (gooseberries, currants and raspberries), water can be 1 m and not harm the plants.

There are no trifles in the organization of gardening. Listen to the opinions and advice of experienced gardeners and gardeners. Decide on your preferences in advance. No need to follow the dream and buy twice as many seedlings as you can then grow. Below are options for planting horticultural crops in small household plots.

The best compatibility of fruit trees and shrubs

The best compatibility of fruit trees in the garden is achieved if they are located in homogeneous groups (apple trees with apple trees, pears with pears). But only the owners of large plantations or production cooperatives have such opportunities. Therefore, it will be necessary to study in detail the compatibility of plants and the rules for planting them in small areas.

Compatibility is affected by light, nutrition, soil, top dressing, allelopathy ( negative impact). In the table, the cells indicating an undesirable neighborhood of plants are highlighted in red, and favorable in green. Empty cells indicate the neutral nature of the neighborhood.

Apple tree- the most unpretentious fruit tree. It gets along with many garden and horticultural crops, has a powerful root system. While the apple tree is young, raspberry bushes have a beneficial effect on its development (loosen the soil). Apple trees develop faster and bear fruit abundantly if a couple of deciduous or coniferous trees. Ash-leaved maple releases phytoncides and protects the apple tree from pests.

many kinds pears fruitless, so they need to be planted in pairs. They do not tolerate apple trees, plums, currants, gooseberries growing nearby, but they favor mountain ash, oak and poplar. The juniper is considered the most harmful neighbor.

Cherry does not tolerate currants, raspberries, gooseberries and easily gets along with cherries and plums. Superficial cherry roots can fill the entire area.

Different varieties plums(Russian, Chinese, Amur) cannot be planted together, but they get along well with cherries and maples. And the black elderberry saves the plum from aphids.

Grape perfectly combined with Chinese lemongrass, pear, gets along well with raspberries and cherries, cherries and apple trees. Does not tolerate the neighborhood of quince and hazel.

Cherriesgrows well in the same garden with cherries and plums, but is not happy with the neighborhood of apple and pear. It has powerful roots and takes away nutrients in weaker plants.

Honeysuckle and black currants are good neighbors, but they do not get along with red currants. But gooseberries are friends with her.

Sea ​​buckthorn it is compatible with many shrubs and trees, but it must be planted carefully, otherwise it will clog any plant with its long roots. To limit the spread of roots around the sea buckthorn, slate or iron shields are dug in. Sea buckthorn is a useful medicinal plant.

Currant different varieties are not planted side by side. Red berries need more intense lighting. Plant blackcurrants next to honeysuckle, away from cherries, apples, and raspberries.

Gooseberry goes well with red currants. He needs a lot of sun. The main external enemy of the bush is gooseberry moth. Gooseberries grow well next to plums and pears.

Raspberry will take out many neighbors in the garden. It is photophilous, with an aggressive root system. Raspberries are usually planted in two rows and growth is stopped in neighboring beds. Gooseberry and currant bushes next to raspberries will wither away.

In the garden between the trees it is useful to sow anise, tarragon, basil, parsley, coriander, lemon balm, thyme. Their odorous substances, repelling pests, restrain the spread of many diseases.

What trees and shrubs can not be planted together

The main reasons for the suppression of one plant by another are:

• crown shading;
• competition for nutrients;
• occurrence of the root system at the same depth;
• highlighting unpleasant or harmful substances;
• pathogens transmitted in close proximity.

Place incompatible plant species in one area should be in opposite corners of the garden. It is not recommended to plant bird cherry, hawthorn and hazel in the garden area. They act depressingly on neighboring plants.

Fruit and berry crops can be affected by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and infected by insects. Tip: carefully study the tables indicating the undesirable neighborhood of plants in the garden.

Orchard planting schemes

It is more practical to lay a garden from the south or southeast side, lining up rows of trees from north to south. So fruit crops will be illuminated by the sun for most of the day. To reduce shading, the outer rows are filled with undersized crops, the inner rows with taller specimens.

ornamental shrubs(viburnum, wild rose, mountain ash, hawthorn), it is better to place outside the garden plot along the perimeter, as they inhibit the growth of fruit crops.

Trees are planted three meters from the buildings, and young trees are never planted next to old ones, so that the root system of the latter does not oppress the young shoots. Fruit species with a seed rootstock, they take root well in elevated areas in a small group or a single tree. For shallow groundwater it is desirable to use planting crops on dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks (columnar apple trees).

With dense plantings, fruit crops begin to fight for lighting, nutrition and space. To correctly calculate the garden planting scheme, consider the following indicators: the diameter of the crown and root system of the future tree, biological features and maturity dates.

When planting apple trees in a row, keep a distance between them of at least 3 m (for plums - 2 m, for pears and cherries - 2.5 m), with circular plantings - 5-7 m from each other. This is necessary for better cross-pollination, more fruit set and easier harvesting.

Scheme of regular placement of fruit trees:

It is best to purchase seedlings in a nursery, paying attention to the length of the roots (at least 25 cm), their branching and the absence of growths. The leaves should be carefully cut off, leaving the stem part, buds and main branches intact, and the roots should be wrapped with burlap, reducing moisture loss. Landing is carried out no later than three weeks before the onset of stable cold weather.

Fertilizers, ash, and humus are added to the planting pits with a diameter twice as large as the root system of the seedling. Then the seedlings are immersed in the holes, leaving the root neck at a level of 5 cm above the ground, and sprinkled with sawdust and peat on top. Seedlings in a container are planted in a planting hole without deepening the seedling, without breaking the earthen clod.

When to plant fruit: in autumn or spring?

Most of the trees and shrubs are planted in the ground after the completion of the growing season - in the fall, until November. The exception is the period of leaf fall. Once the plants have shed their leaves, they are ready to be transplanted. For young seedlings, such an operation is very responsible. They must take root before upper layer the soil is not frozen.

Autumn plantings do not require special care from the gardener, except for watering, but even that is often replaced by autumn rains. Injured seedlings themselves are easily restored, and in the spring they begin active growth. Summer residents free up time for other garden work. Perfectly tolerate the autumn planting of apple trees, pears, cherries, cherry plums, mulberries, a significant part of varietal plums. As a rule, such trees produce larger fruits.

Some seedlings with lower frost resistance, brought from other climatic regions and not overwintered under similar conditions, are planted in spring. These include all stone fruits (peach, cherry, apricot), chestnut and walnut. Spring plantings are made until the buds have blossomed and the moisture is gone. landing pits prepared in the fall or a couple of weeks before the planting procedure.

When will the orchard begin to bear fruit?

The timing of fruiting horticultural crops depends on the variety of seedlings, the type of rootstock, as well as the correct and timely landing trees and their care.

So, apple trees of the varieties White filling, Simirenko, grafted onto a dwarf rootstock (M 9), and Williams pears, Forest Beauty, bear fruit already in the third or fourth year, and some even in the second. Sweet cherries and cherries of the Lyubskaya variety begin to bear fruit even in the nursery. But you can get a bucket only after 3-4 years. Berries of black and red currants, shadberry, gooseberries, viburnum, the first crops are harvested in the third year of life.

An orchard is not only delicious fruits, but also a whole arsenal of medicinal products. Roots, seeds, bark, leaves, shoots and flowers - all can be useful for treatment. An infusion of apple leaves lowers blood pressure, gooseberries cleanse blood vessels, and pear buds remove salts and toxins from the body. A decoction of cherry cuttings helps fight cystitis. Apricots and plums have a beneficial effect on gastrointestinal tract and heart. Quince heals joints. Black currant is a storehouse of vitamins.

If the garden is grown on a large area, it can become an object for business. Apple trees, for example, using modern intensive technologies give a sufficient harvest for the next year. The apple orchard business brings a steady profit every year. And yet, the food issue is not the main goal of the gardener.

In winter, we are looking forward to the new summer season to return to evening tea parties at sunset, pleasant conversations, childhood memories and complete freedom of thoughts and deeds, the silence and fragrance of our native garden and juicy apples on the table.