Development of diction. Exercises for the development of good diction, or "why blat ?! Sestla!"

Clear diction is of great importance not only for singers, television presenters and public speakers - it also has a special place in everyday life. If you have problems with diction, then later some difficulties in communicating with people are not excluded, however, it is in your power to correct the situation by starting classes with a teacher or starting self-study.

What is diction and why should it be developed

Diction is called a clear pronunciation of words and all letters. It is definitely worth working on, as this has a positive effect on how people around us perceive us. It is worth noting that this is an extremely rare quality - diction, clear by nature. However, this does not mean that we cannot improve our own pronunciation - this is possible, both in childhood and in adults. Of course, the second option involves a more painstaking approach. An adult person gets used to speaking in a certain way over the years, so changing this is not too easy. But later the results will certainly justify themselves.

Exercises for the development of diction

As a rule, in order to develop diction, certain exercises are used: tongue twisters, breathing exercises, and so on. Exercise with cork, nuts, or candy in your mouth This exercise is very useful before pronunciation of tongue twisters. So, knead the tongue and lips! To do this, you should clamp a candy, nut, cork or pencil with your front teeth. Note that your tongue should not be in contact with the selected object. Bare your teeth with your mouth slightly open. Now, clamping your teeth, for example, a nut, start pronouncing consonants, then add vowels to them, thus forming syllables. After that, you can begin to pronounce words and complete phrases. repeating tongue twisters Without tongue twisters it is quite difficult to develop a beautiful speech. Try to adopt several tongue twisters at once, subsequently paying attention to which ones are harder for you. Concentrate on the "problem" sounds by spending more time on them. Do not forget about the regularity of classes, so that the speech apparatus has the opportunity to get used to the correct pronunciation. We present to your attention some very useful tongue twisters: “Thunderstorm is formidable, thunderstorm is formidable”, “Grandfather has become old”, “Mow, braid, while dew, dew down - and we are home”, “At the village the fox sat down, at the edge of the forest”, “Klim pounded a wedge in one pancake”.

Making a beautiful speech yourself

Of course, if you want your speech to be beautiful and literate, it is important to read as much as possible, thereby replenishing your vocabulary. It is better to give preference to the classics and scientific literature. Reading. Read aloud, but make sure that your voice does not sound monotonous. Imagine that you are reading to someone and you want the person to listen with interest. Of course, in this case it is important to change intonation, reading speed, and also volume. Please note that sometimes pauses may be necessary - for example, before starting a dialogue or when highlighting particularly important points. It is also important that the pauses are in place, and it is recommended not to delay them. Voice. You probably noticed by yourself that confident and calm speech is perceived better. Learn to control your emotions so that your voice sounds clear, confident, and persuasive. Retelling. It is important to “fix” what you have read or watched. For example, after reading some work or feature film, retell it. Of course, it is desirable to do this using a voice recorder. Subsequently, you can listen to the recording and identify all your shortcomings. Also periodically retell the learned material to friends or relatives, watching how the story is perceived - is the person clearly bored, trying to change the subject, or listening with genuine interest? Enrich your vocabulary. Try to add new words to your speech regularly. If you come across some unknown word, be sure to memorize it, look at the meaning. Many people prefer to insert "smart" words into a conversation without fully understanding what they mean - do not make such an oversight. Be interested in new information. Sometimes facts from history and modern culture sound quite appropriate and organic in a conversation, and it would be great if you had an idea of ​​at least some of them. To do this, you should periodically look at the news and be interested in well-known and simply entertaining historical facts. Accents. Some people have an annoying problem - they write competently, but cannot boast of perfect speech, and all this is due to incorrect placement of stresses. If you're not sure how to pronounce a word, then don't use it until you can look in the dictionary and find out the information you need. expressiveness. Make sure that what you say sounds expressive - it is unacceptable to mutter under your breath or give everything out in one breath. To ensure that your speech sounds with the right intonation, periodically read with expression. Flexibility. Learn to "feel" your interlocutor. For example, you see that a person is upset and listens to your stories without interest - he probably wants to talk himself out, he is worried about something. Choose the right words to help him open up. Conciseness. Conciseness is exactly what many people lack when voicing any information. Most often, this annoys the interlocutors, especially during a telephone conversation or at a time when a person is busy with some business. If you want to convey something really important to someone, you should learn to speak to the point, without making long introductions and without deviating from the topic.

What is articulation

Clear articulation of the speaker enables listeners to understand him correctly. If articulation is impaired, and this may be caused by physiological characteristics, then in some cases this may interfere with full communication. However, exercising the muscles of the lips and tongue can improve the position.

Organs of articulation

The organs of articulation can be conditionally divided into movable and immovable. The former include the uvula, lips, and tongue, while the latter include the teeth, as well as the hard and soft palate. The tongue is considered the most active of these organs - it can occupy various positions in the mouth, approaching organs that are less mobile. As a result, certain speech sounds are formed.

Articulation exercises

1) First you need to develop the tip of the tongue. Imagine your tongue as a hammer with which you hit your teeth. In this case, you need to repeat: "yes-yes-yes-yes." Then proceed to the letters "D" and "T" in the same way. 2) Let's free the larynx and tongue. You need to quickly inhale through your nose, and then quickly exhale through your mouth. Exhalation sound: "Fu". Wanting to strengthen the muscles of the larynx, instead of "Fu", say "G" or "K". 3) Before each phrase, it is important to be able to breathe in time. Let's develop this skill. Start reading aloud a story, taking a breath before each sentence. If you regularly perform this exercise, then the desired skill will become a habit. Please note that inhalation, however, as well as exhalation, should be silent, almost imperceptible to others. 4) Activate the labial muscles. Puff out your cheeks, then, through a compressed mouth, release the air with cotton. At the same time, say "P" and "B" (quickly, one after the other). 5) Do not forget to separate the air correctly if you want your articulation to be developed. When a person speaks loudly, they usually need more breathing. In turn, a quiet pronunciation makes more control over the exhalation. Alternately pronounce the phrases either in a quiet or in a loud voice.6) Try to learn how to pronounce vowels in one stream, alternating them with a clear pronunciation of consonants. Take a book and read a sentence. Now repeat it, ignoring the consonants. vowels at the same time, as it were, pull a little. After that, insert clear consonants into a smooth stream of vowels. 7) This technique also works to improve diction. Pronounce any words, highlighting their endings - they should sound clear and sharp. With this exercise, your speech will gain more expressiveness. 8) Take on board a few tongue twisters that will not be similar to each other. This will help you develop articulation. Start pronouncing tongue twisters slowly, but gradually the pace should increase. It is important that your phrases sound not only intelligible, but also expressive. 9) It is in your power to improve the way the sounds you pronounce sound. Include sounds that are "problematic" in your case. Now say out loud words that include these sounds. A dictionary can be used for this purpose. The more often you work on this sound, the faster you will learn to pronounce it without any difficulty.

Finding a person with good diction is becoming increasingly difficult, because few people consciously strive to improve their speech. Speech data is rarely given naturally, so exercises should be done to improve pronunciation. But does every person need a clear pronunciation?

The set diction implies a clear pronunciation of words and the correct location of the organs of speech. The reason for poor diction is congenital defects of the speech apparatus. But the reason may be the imitation of the speech of other people in childhood. But even with poor pronunciation, improvement is possible if special diction exercises are used.

The set diction helps:

• Reach understanding. If a person has not been engaged in the development of speech, the information expressed by him will be difficult to perceive by people who see him for the first time and are not used to the peculiarities of pronunciation.
• Make an impression. Improving diction helps when you need to show your best side. An example is a conversation with an employer who is more willing to give a position to a person with a clear pronunciation.
• Attract attention. If a person constantly develops his pronunciation and voice, any story told will be perceived more readily than with speech defects.

Development of pronunciation in adults

The development of the diction of an adult differs in that the production of sounds is much more difficult. When a person is used to pronouncing words in a certain way, he has to change not only the pronunciation, but also the perception of his speech. Before improving diction, it is worth considering the main types of exercises.

• pronunciation of tongue twisters;
• listening to your voice
• breathing training.

To learn beautiful speech using tongue twisters, you should choose several of these phrases designed to develop the pronunciation of certain sounds and find out which ones are more difficult to pronounce. It is on them that you should focus your attention. It is important to pronounce such phrases regularly so that the speech apparatus gets used to the correct pronunciation. Working on yourself means doing exercises every day.

Dictaphone recordings are a tool to help you learn how to pronounce sounds correctly. If you listen to your speech on the recording, you can understand that it sounds completely different from when talking with an interlocutor. By identifying defects and correcting them, you need to constantly record speech until they disappear.

A common problem is shortness of breath during the pronunciation of long phrases. This becomes noticeable during public speaking. To get rid of this problem, the diaphragm training method is used. One of the diction exercises is to draw the vowel out as you exhale for as long as possible. At first, it turns out to do this only for a few seconds, but later the time increases to 25. Breathing training also involves changing the pitch of the voice. Another way to train is to inflate balloons.

With regular exercise, the result appears within a few days. But in order to maintain the effect, you need to do all of the above constantly. At the same time, it is worth using books that are designed for the development of speech.

Text for the development of diction

To develop the correct pronunciation, there are texts that are composed on the same principle as tongue twisters. They usually combine several tongue twisters to develop different sounds. This means that you do not need to search for texts to correct diction. For training, it is enough to find tongue twisters for setting all the sounds, and combine them into a single whole.

In order to form the correct pronunciation faster, nuts of different sizes are placed in the mouth or a pencil is clamped between the teeth. After removing such items, you can feel that pronouncing even complex phrases has become easier.

Expressive reading of fiction also helps to develop diction. By recording your pronunciation on a voice recorder, it is easy to determine which sounds are not pronounced correctly.

The longest tongue twister

“On Thursday, the 4th, at 4 and a quarter o'clock, the Ligurian traffic controller regulated in Liguria, but 33 ships tacked, tacked, but did not catch, and then the protocol about the protocol was recorded by the protocol, as the interviewed Ligurian traffic controller eloquently, but not he reported cleanly, and so reported about the wet weather that so that the incident would not become a contender for a judicial precedent, the Ligurian traffic controller acclimatized in unconstitutional Constantinople, where crested laughers laughed with laughter and shouted to the Turk, who was blackly stoned with a pipe: do not smoke, Turk, pipe, buy better a pile of peaks, it’s better to buy a pile of peaks, otherwise a bombardier from Brandeburg will come - he will bombard him with bombs because some black-nosed half of his yard has dug up, dug and undermined with his snout; but in fact the Turk was not in business, and Klara-Kralya was sneaking to the chest at that time, while Karl was stealing corals from Clara, for which Klara stole the clarinet from Karl, and then in the yard of the tarry widow Varvara 2 these thieves stole firewood; but sin - not laughter - not to put it in a nut: about Clara and Karl in the darkness, all the crayfish rustled in a fight - so the thieves were not up to the scorer, but not up to the tarry widow, and not up to the tarry children; but the angry widow removed the firewood into the shed: once the firewood, 2 firewood, 3 firewood - all the firewood did not fit, and 2 woodcutters, 2 woodcutters-woodcutters for Varvara, who became emotional, drove the firewood across the yard back to the woodyard, where the heron withered, the heron dried up, the heron died; the heron's chick clung tenaciously to the chain; well done against the sheep, and against the young man the sheep itself, which carries Senya hay in a sleigh, then carries Senka Sonya and Sanka on a sled: sled - lope, Senka - to the side, Sonya - on the forehead, everything - into a snowdrift, and from there only a cone cap knocked down, then Sasha went along the highway, Sasha found a sachet on the highway; Sonya, Sashka’s girlfriend, was walking along the highway and sucking dry food, and besides, Sonya the turntable also had 3 cheesecakes in her mouth - exactly in a honey cake, but she didn’t care for the honey cake - Sonya, even with cheesecakes in her mouth, reprimanded the sexton, - overreacted: buzzing, like a ground beetle, buzzing, and spinning: she was at Frol’s - Frol lied to Lavra, she would go to Lavr to Frol, Lavra would lie that - a sergeant-major with a sergeant-major, a captain with a captain, a snake had a snake, a hedgehog had a hedgehog, and a high-ranking guest took him away cane, and soon again 5 guys ate 5 honey mushrooms and a quarter of a quarter of a quarter of lentils without a wormhole, and 1666 pies with whey curd from curdled milk - about everything about that, the stake bells rang with a ringing, so much so that even Konstantin - a Salzburg unpromising from - under an armored personnel carrier, he stated: as all the bells cannot be re-belled, not re-belled, so all tongue twisters cannot be re-speak, not re-speak; but trying is not torture. »

How to improve diction in a short time

Sometimes it is not possible to perform pronunciation exercises due to lack of time. In such situations, articulatory charging is used. It consists of several simple exercises:

• Moving the jaw forward and backward. With such actions, the mouth is in the open position.
• Pronunciation of vowels o, u and s. You need to do this in an inclined position, crossing your arms over your chest. In this case, the voice is lowered, and the sound is pronounced slowly. After the next sound, you need to rise to a standing position, and then tilt and repeat the action.
• Language movements. A good exercise for the rapid development of diction is a movement in which the tongue alternately rests on the cheeks. This is done with both closed and open mouth.
• Touching teeth. This exercise is performed with the mouth wide open. With your tongue, you need to alternately touch each tooth, following the upper and lower rows.

After performing such diction exercises, the clarity of the spoken phrases increases, so they are often used by people speaking to the public.

Is it worth attending language development courses?

There are speech development courses designed for speakers. They include not only exercises for correct pronunciation, but also tips to help you cope with problems that arise during public speaking. The programs of such courses consist of several lessons:

• articulation rules;
• learning the basics of proper breathing;
• development of the range and strength of the voice;
• rules for constructing intonation;
• study of orthoepy;
• mastering the basics of gestures.

Courses help learn the correct pronunciation technique and overcome the fear of speaking in front of an audience. Work on oneself involves long sessions, so the announcers do this.

Speech defects arise due to the incorrect structure of the speech apparatus or due to the incorrect formation of sounds in childhood. The first type of defects is corrected only with the help of speech therapists or dentists, if we are talking about the wrong structure of the teeth.

You can correct your speech with the help of the normal arrangement of the organs of articulation during a conversation. In the absence of deviations in the development of the body, defects appear:

• sonorous sounds;
• hissing;
• whistling.

The occurrence of such defects occurs as a result of even a slight deviation of the speech organs from their natural location. For correct pronunciation, you need to know how to properly position the lips, tongue, soft palate and lower jaw. This can only be achieved through training, because work on correcting speech implies constant improvement.

How to fix slurred speech

A common speech defect that manifests itself in people with a normally developed articulatory apparatus is slurring. It manifests itself in swallowing whole syllables during a conversation. Such a defect is formed in childhood due to unconscious imitation of others. To get rid of it, you need to perform the following exercises to improve diction:

• Scan poems, following the rhythm. You should choose works that are more difficult to read. Mayakovsky's poems can be cited as an example. Such work on oneself will help to quickly correct the shortcomings of speech.
• Often say words that have consonants nearby. For example, the counter-revolution. After compiling such words, they should be pronounced several times a day.

This will help you correct your pronunciation in just a few weeks.

How to put a vote

There are 3 exercises that help develop the voice.
In order for an audible effect to appear, it is necessary to perform exercises for several months. These exercises include:

• Pronunciation of vowels. To perform the first exercise for the formation of diction, you need to alternately pronounce vowel sounds until there is enough breath. By pronouncing "i", "e", "a", "o" and "u", you can make your voice more sonorous. Work on staging the voice is ongoing, as during breaks, even for a few days, the effect becomes less noticeable.
• Activation of the abdomen and chest. To activate the abdomen and chest area, it is necessary to say “m” with your mouth closed. The first pronunciation of the sound should be quiet, the second louder, and the third time you need to strain your vocal cords as much as possible. If work on pronunciation and voice occurs without doing these exercises, the effect is reduced.
• Pronunciation of words with the letter "r". Also, for setting the voice, the sound “r” is also pronounced, which also improves pronunciation. To do this, you first need to growl the sound “rrrr”, and then pronounce more than a dozen words in a row containing the letter r. During pronunciation, the letter should stand out. This exercise will help to put the voice and improve diction. Books also help develop diction if you read aloud.

To develop diction and achieve a clear pronunciation, you need to work hard. Only with the help of regular classes and training will you achieve tangible changes.

Voice, diction and speech are important ingredients for any successful public speaking. Many people have slurred speech, a low voice and lame diction. The reasons for this are countless. Below we consider the main reasons for such "diseases", as well as consider ways that will help you develop your voice, develop diction and speech on your own. If you are interested in this topic, please read this article carefully and complete all the exercises outlined in it.

Causes of a quiet voice, poor diction and slurred speech

I know only a few reasons for a quiet voice, poor diction and slurred speech - these are, low and. There are also genetic reasons, but we will not touch on them. Why do I think that the main reasons for all this is self-doubt and complexes? Do you think confident people with high self-esteem have a quiet voice? Do they speak softly? Do they have slurred speech? In most cases, such people do not have speech problems. Look at politicians, actors, singers. All of them are self-confident people, constantly speaking to the public. Therefore, their speech is developed, and the voice is loud and there are no problems with diction.

Now let's take a shy person. During communication, this shy person experiences self-doubt, he believes that something is wrong with him (complexes), he embraces a feeling and, as a result, his voice is quiet, his speech is unintelligible, and it is simply impossible to listen to him. Therefore, if you want develop a voice, if you want to develop diction, if you want to develop speech, You need to do a lot of work on yourself. Without effort, the voice will not become loud. Now we will move on to exercises that will help you achieve what you want. Let's start in order.

How to develop a voice?

So, as we have already found out, the development of the voice is an important task for people whose profession is related to public speaking. Voice staging is important not only for public people. A developed and loud voice will facilitate your communication in everyday life, and you will not be asked forever: “Ahh?”, “What?”, “What?” and other annoying questions. By performing a series of exercises for the development of the voice, you will eliminate many defects and shortcomings. So let's get started.

1) In order for the voice to be sonorous, it is very important to breathe correctly. If you have just begun to develop your voice, then breathing exercises are the first thing you should do. Stand up, straighten your spine, put your feet shoulder-width apart, put one hand on your chest, the other on your stomach. When inhaling through the nose, push the tummy forward (expanding the lower chest area). Exhale freely and naturally through your mouth, returning your stomach and chest to their original position. This is how you design the diaphragm.

2) The second breathing exercise is connected with air retention. Breathe in quickly through your nose and then hold your breath for three seconds. Then exhale the air through your mouth. Do this exercise for 5-10 minutes.

3) Inhale as much air as possible through your mouth, then slowly begin to exhale it, pronouncing the vowels (a, o, u, i, e, s). Try to make the sound of the vowel sound as loud as possible and for as long as possible. You can also smoothly jump from one vowel to another while exhaling - aaaaoooooouyyyy.

4) With your mouth closed as you exhale, begin "moo"- saying mmm. Try to mumble so that there is a tickle in the lips. In addition, be sure to change the volume of the sound - from quiet to loud and vice versa. This exercise will help develop the articulatory apparatus, which will give strength to the voice.

5) Now start growling, saying rrrr. This exercise also develops the articulatory apparatus. Change the volume of the sound, as well as the intonation from subtle to rough.

How to develop diction?

Diction is the quality of pronunciation of words (distinctness), the manner of pronouncing words. Diction is very important for actors, singers, politicians, teachers.

For the development of diction, tongue twisters are suitable. You can easily find them on the Internet. Here is an example video for you!

In order to start developing diction, you first need to stretch your tongue, lips, facial muscles and articulatory apparatus.

1) Let's start with the language. Stick your tongue forward as far as you can, then stick it back (just don't swallow it). Start forcing your tongue forward and then back. The duration of the exercise is 5-7 minutes.

2) Pricking the cheeks with the tongue. Start pricking your cheeks alternately with your tongue. Prick the left cheek first, then the right. Take 7-12 minutes to complete. This is a great language exercise.

3) A good tongue exercise is "Teeth cleaning". You begin to rotate the tongue in a circle. The mouth must be closed. Do 20-30 rotations hourly and counterclockwise.

4) Then, stick out your tongue and start twisting it in a circle. Do 10-15 circles clockwise, then counterclockwise. After that, dry yourself (wipe drool from your lips).

5) Almost the same with lips. The exercise is called "Tube - smile". First you pull your lips forward, after 3 seconds you start smiling as wide as possible. First lips forward, then back. Do this exercise for at least 7 minutes.

6) Next, stretch your lips into a tube and start lifting your heels first up, then down. Then start doing the same, only to the left, to the right. Then begin to twist the piglet in a circle, hourly and counterclockwise.

7) Next exercise - "Bubble". You puff up your cheeks and start spinning this bubble in a circle.

8) Start biting your upper lip with your teeth. Do it carefully, do not bite yourself. Then start biting your bottom lip. After that, start wiping your upper teeth with your upper lip. Try to wipe so that the lower lip does not move. It's difficult, but possible. Do this exercise in front of a mirror to control yourself. Then start wiping the lower teeth with the lower lip, the upper lip should also not move.

9) After completing this warm-up, stand near the window and say the following phrase: “The weather is good outside, and I have a beautiful, clear, intelligible speech”. Say this phrase loudly, clearly and distinctly. You must be heard on the street.

10) To warm up the facial muscles, start kneading your face in any way. Make faces, bulge your eyes. It doesn't look pretty from the outside, but it's funny and very effective.

11) In order for the pronunciation of words to be distinct, it is necessary to pronounce the endings. Many people swallow endings, especially "th". Start pronouncing the next row:

PTK - PTK - PTK - PTK - PTK - PTK

TPKA - TPKO - TPKU - TPKE - TPKI - TPKY

KPTA - KPTO - KPTU - KPTE - KPTI - KPTY

BI - PI - BE - PE - BA - PA - BO - PO - BU - PU - BY - PY

PI - BI - PE - BE - PA - BA - PO - BO - PU - BU - PY - BY

MVSI - MVSTE - MVSTA - MVSTA - MVSTU - MVSTA

ZDRI - ZDRE - ZDRA - ZDRO - ZDRU - ZDRY

ZHDRI - ZHDRE - ZHDRA - ZHDRO - ZHDRU - ZHDRA

This row develops your diction. Don't forget about tongue twisters.

How to develop speech?

To develop speech, you will need discipline, conscious control and constancy. Good speech is becoming rarer and rarer these days. You can listen to one person for hours, and you want to run away from another. Your professional and personal life depends on the quality of your speech. Half the success depends on the ability to communicate, and to be able to communicate, you need not only erudition, but also developed speech.

1) For the development of speech, the first thing I advise you is to read newspapers, magazines,. And you need to read aloud. While reading, try to force intonations, avoid monotony. Also, change the speed and volume of reading. Speak all endings, observe punctuation marks. Reading aloud is the main exercise for the development of speech.

3) Thirdly, as with reading aloud, watch the pace of speech. Enrich it with intonations. Pause for important points in the conversation. The pause should be appropriate and not prolonged.

4) Fourth, expand your vocabulary. You can do this while watching movies, trainings, reading books. If you have heard the president or other politician speak on TV, why not try to say the same thing at home. Imagine that you are speaking to the public in the role of president. Tell your imaginary people about the political and economic situation in our country. This is a very exciting activity for the development of speech and replenishment of vocabulary.

I train my voice, diction and speech according to the above method, your speech will be transformed beyond recognition in three months. Therefore, do not be surprised if acquaintances begin to tell you that something has changed in you. And the voice, diction and speech have changed. Practice every day and then your efforts will be rewarded.

how to develop voice, how to develop diction, how to develop speech

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Content:

It is not easy to find a person with good diction today. Few of us have a pleasant voice, the ability to pronounce words clearly and clearly for the people around us, while not raising our voices and not resorting to ways to enhance the impact of our speech. In fact, developing your speech is not difficult. Very rarely, exceptional speech data is given to a person by nature, while the rest can only be advised to spare no effort and time, working on exercises for diction.

What is good diction and why is it needed?

The concept of "diction" means a clear pronunciation of sounds and words with their correct articulation. The mechanism that produces sounds is the speech apparatus, and very often its violations and defects cause the diction of a person's speech to be of low quality. One of the main reasons for the insufficient development of diction is the lack of mobility of the lower jaw and the inability to open the mouth wide enough during a conversation. At the same time, the words are not pronounced clearly enough, deafly, and the speech seems “crumpled”. They say about such a person that his diction and expressiveness of speech is serious. This shortcoming manifests itself too strongly and requires immediate action to correct the current situation.

If you feel that your diction is far from perfect, then start dealing with this issue without delay. Improving speech is possible: specially designed speech exercises will help you eliminate the pronunciation of sounds. You can find everything you need on the site and start doing it. When thinking about how to improve diction, remember that only work and careful implementation of the proposed exercises will help you correct. And make it truly expressive and pleasant for others.

Careful work on diction will soon make itself felt. You will see that your circle of contacts has noticeably expanded - those who previously avoided talking to you, tired of asking a hundred times and listening to slurred speech, today they are happy to make contact, paying tribute to your eloquence. You will no longer be afraid of public speaking, and speech with excellent diction will allow you to convey the meaning of the speech to the audience and contribute to its memorization. Very often, good speech diction contributes to successful promotion - a person who has the ability to speak in public is great for high positions and leadership positions.

If you see that your child needs work on diction, do not delay the start of classes, postponing it for a while and thinking that the problems will “outgrow” and disappear on their own. Additional classes to improve diction will help you achieve several goals at once - they will improve speech, raise self-esteem and school performance, make new friends and avoid ridicule about "porridge in your mouth." The acquired skills of good speech diction will last a lifetime and will help in later life, study at a university and build a successful career at the workplace.

Speech exercises may not be the most fun of classes, but you only need to do them for 20 minutes a day, moreover, you can still have time to cook something, wash it or drive to another part of the city by car. Both, and exercises for vowel sounds will pass your waiting time and help you make new acquaintances, it's no secret that people are curious. It is very useful to check how far you have progressed in the development of your diction by entering into a conversation, because high-quality communication is your goal!

Try to communicate as often as possible with people!

Various exercises for its development

1. Breathing and posture

1) We train exhalation

Spread your legs shoulder-width apart, hands should be on the belt. Exhale slowly through a small hole in your tightly compressed lips so that you feel the resistance of the air. In this case, you need to pronounce any quatrain. You can also perform this exercise in combination with walking, squats, running, and so on.

2) We train the breath

Lean forward and inhale (the back should be straight), then, straightening back, slowly exhale the air and draw the sounds “gym-m-m-”. Following this exercise, you need to do one more thing: with your mouth closed, inhale the air through your nose, expanding your nostrils, and when you exhale, pat them with your index fingers.

3) Lie down, put one hand on your stomach and the other on your lower chest

Take a deep breath in (through your nose). The abdomen should bulge forward, and the chest should expand. After that, make a free (in no case sharp) exhale, returning the stomach and chest “in place”.

4) Stand in a natural, relaxed position, put one hand on your chest to feel the vibration, and bring the other to your mouth to check your breathing. Now try moaning for different vowels: warm exhalation - moan ("UUUU") - warm breath.

If you are doing everything right, you should have a feeling of yawning and freedom in the throat area.
The next stage is similar, only during a quiet moan, you need to try to extend it and make an emphasis with a slight push of the diaphragm inward, then a warm exhalation.

It should also be remembered that speech breathing largely depends on
from correct posture. Therefore, practice the “book on the head” exercise daily.

At first, just walk at a slow pace with a book on your head, and then be sure to complement the exercise with arm movements and squats.

Diction exercises: "Book on the head"

2. Articulation

Clear articulation of speech sounds (setting the speech apparatus in a position that allows the formation of the desired sound) depends on the degree of training of the active speech organs -,. Therefore, the development of clear diction always begins with muscle training - articulatory gymnastics, which allows you to consciously control the necessary muscle groups. You can find exercises on our website. In short, here are some of them:

1) lower the lower jaw down, slowly moving it in different directions

2) without changing the position of the jaw, gently move it back and forth

3) in a standing position, lean forward, keeping your hands on your chest and draw out the vowels “u” and “o” in an extremely low voice as you exhale

4) strain the tip of the tongue with the mouth tightly closed and alternately rest it first on the left, then on the right cheek.
Then do the same, but with your mouth open

5) Stretch your lips into an open-mouthed smile as you move your tongue left and right to the corners of your mouth.
When performing the exercise, the lips and jaw remain stationary, and the tongue does not slide along the lower lip

6) run your tongue along the bottom and top row of teeth, counting each one. The jaw is motionless, the mouth is open in a smile

Articulation gymnastics will allow you to develop the organs of the speech apparatus

3. Pronunciation of consonants and vowels

After working out the clarity of the actions of the active organs of speech with the help of articulatory gymnastics, one should proceed to the formation of the correct skills for pronouncing individual vowels and consonants of Russian speech and their combinations.

Vowel training requires not only developing the correct phonetic position when pronouncing each of them, but also comparing vowels. The fact is that vowels formed according to the laws of phonetics in different parts of the speech apparatus (“front-lingual”, “mid-lingual”, “back-lingual”) can sound in different positions: some - near the teeth (front position), others - in the dome of a hard the palate (middle position), the third - in the larynx (rear position). In this case, during speech, the so-called "variegation of vowels" occurs.

Vowel exercises

"I" - "Y"

When pronouncing the sound [ And] the mouth is open to the width of the little finger, the lips are stretched to the sides, the tongue is flat, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, the middle part of the back of the tongue is maximally raised to the palate; when pronouncing the sound [ S] the tongue moves back more than with [ And].

In exercise No. 1 for all couples we will pronounce in front of a mirror, first without a voice, several times the first sound, then the second, and repeat it out loud.

Exercise #1

WILLOW, IL, PIR, PICK, KIT, LEAF, OR, CIRCUS
REAR, SON, CHEESE, WAS, SOAP, SMOKE, BULL, FISH

"E" - "E"

When pronouncing the sound [ E] the mouth opens to the width of the thumb, the tips of the front upper and lower teeth are visible, the tongue lies at the lower front teeth, the back and middle part of the tongue rises up and forward and touches the molars; vowel E in Russian speech it is pronounced longer and more intensely than the sound [ E].

Exercise #2

Say the following words slowly and clearly:
ECHO, THIS, EXTRA, EPOS, ERA, EXTRA
FIR, EL, RACCOON, RIDING, ELENA, EVA

"AND I"

When pronouncing the sound [ BUT] the mouth is open in the vertical direction so that two fingers can be inserted between the teeth, placed one on top of the other. The tongue lies flat, the tip of the tongue does not touch the lower front teeth; when pronouncing a letter I [Ya] the tip of the tongue is much more advanced forward, and rests against the lower teeth.
Let's try to do all this without sound.

Exercise #3
Say the following words slowly and clearly:
ACT, ATTACK, STORK, ANNA, MAK, BALL, CANCER, START
PIT, YAR, ANCHOR, BERRY, Manger, YAK, POISON, FURY

"U" - "Yu"

When pronouncing the sound [ At], the lips are rounded, stretch forward and converge in the form of a funnel, the distance between the teeth is one thumb, the tongue is somewhat pulled back, the root of the tongue is lowered, the back is raised; when pronouncing a letter YU [yu] the front of the tongue rises more than with the sound [ At].

Exercise number 4
Say slowly and calmly, without straining your voice, the words:

MORNING, COAL, US, MIND, TIES, TOOTH, BOW, COURT, NARROW, BEETLE
YURA, YULA, SKIRT, SOUTH, YOUTH, YUNGA, YULIA, YURODIVY, HUMOR

"O" - "Yo"

When pronouncing the sound [ O] lips are pushed forward and have a more rounded shape than with [ At], the tongue is somewhat pulled back and does not touch the teeth, the back of the tongue is raised up. Vowel Yo [Yo] is pronounced with more duration and tension than [ O].
I hope you remember to try silently first.

Exercise #5
Say the following words:
OSES, AXIS, PERCH, WINDOWS, LAKE, DONKEY, Hoop
FIR-TREE, Hedgehog, CAPACITY, FIDGET, YOKAT

Exercises that train consonants

The training of consonants begins with the installation of the speech apparatus in the correct phonetic position and the development of a clear pronunciation of each of these sounds. The second stage is the combination of these individual sounds in combination with each other and with the addition of vowel sounds according to a special training scheme.

1. Explosive sounds "P" - "B"

They require a particularly tight closure of the speech organs and the active overcoming of this obstacle - the "explosion" of the closure with a strong stream of exhaled air.

1.1. "Cork"

Let's check how well the labial muscles are prepared for the formation of explosive sounds. P" and " b". Squeeze your lips tightly, even slightly pull their edges over your teeth, biting them a little. With the air in the mouth, (without exhaling!) Break through the bow sharply, as if you are shooting a cork clamped with your lips. Do not release your lips, let the air stream break their bow.

1.2. "Explosion"

Shoot the “cork” now with an active exhalation: ppp! Do not tense up, only the lips are tightly compressed. Don't try to take in more air. It is not the quantity that decides the matter, but the energy of the push (diaphragm strike) and the precise focusing of the exhalation on the tips of the lips. Do not allow aspiration at the end, and even more so a vowel sound, you should not get “ph” or “pppa ...”. If you get a smack instead of an explosion, you've sucked air in instead of pushing it out. Achieving a clear explosion on the sound of " P"(do not be surprised if this does not work out right away, you need daily hard training, including gymnastics of the labial muscles), turn on the sound of the voice along with the exhalation - "bbb". Practice both consonants in a pair, while maintaining a clear differentiation in voicing: "p" - "b", "p" - "b", "p" - "b". Do not allow a vowel sound at the end: “py” - “by”.

1.3. "Table tennis"

Imagine that your right hand is a table tennis racket. Practice hitting an imaginary ball with a racket, beating it with the back of a freely hanging brush - ppa! .. ppe! .. ppo! .. ppu! .. ppy! .. ppi! up. Make sure that the vowels explode on the lips, continuing the explosive consonant, and not falling back. Send sound to different points in the room: up, right, left, down.

Having worked out these combinations, turn on the sound of the voice as you exhale: bba! .. bbe! .. bbo! .. bbu! .. bby! .. bbi! ..

Combine a voiceless and voiced sound in a pair - pabba! pebbe! pobbo! pubbu! pipba! pibbie! Double the voiced consonant, placing the stress on the first syllable. Throw balls easily, freely, without muscle tension.

2. Whistling and hissing sounds "C" - "Z" and "Sh" - "F"

2.1. "Puncture"

Check by ear if there is a puncture in the inflated chamber of the volleyball, squeezing it near the ear ... So it is ... A tense, even whistle of the outgoing air is heard: “ssssssss! ..”. Simulate the sound by accurately observing the articulatory setting. Remember that with the sound “s”, the tip of the tongue is lowered and pressed against the lower front teeth, the body of the tongue is tense, forming a “hill” with slightly raised edges, and the exhaled air “rolls” along it. From time to time, press the "ball" harder, the sound is amplified.

2.2. "Locomotive"

The locomotive slowly spreads steam: shhh ... shhhh ... shhhh ... Here it moved: shhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh ... Exhale the air with vigorous diaphragmatic thrusts. Follow the correct articulatory position of the sound. Remember that the tip of the tongue is raised upward, forming a “dipper” in the dome of the hard palate, into which the exhaled air hits.

2.3. "Mower"

Sharpen the braid with a bar. The bar slides from one side of the blade, then from the other: ss-zzz ... ss-zzz ... ss-zzz ... ss-zzz ... The scythe is sharpened, you can start mowing. A wave of the scythe, and it loudly cuts the grass: zhzhzh ... zhzhzh ... zhzhzh ...

3. Sounds " L" and "R"

3.1. "Telegram"

Tap out the text of the telegram with a telegraph key: la-la-lal! le-le-le! lo-lo-lol! lu-lu-lul! ly-ly-lyl! li-li-lil! The stress falls on the last syllable. Keep the rhythm.

Try to start the engine of a toy car…. With the exhaled air (without the sound of a voice), cause the tip of the tongue raised to the upper teeth to vibrate: trrrr ... trrr ... trrrrrrr ... trrrrrr ... tr ...

4. Combination of explosive consonants

Let's connect together three explosive deaf consonants, taking them in all possible combinations: ptk, pkt, ktp, kpt, tkp, tpk. We will work out each of them separately (without vowels!), making sure that each next explosion is clearly audible: p! t! to! Then we will begin to bring them together: p-t-k! Finally, let's combine it into one combination: ptk! Make sure that the noise of exhaled air does not slip between the consonants, and even more so the sound of the voice, it would not turn out p / x-t / x / -k / x / or p / s-t / s-k / s.

Having worked out each of the combinations, combine them with the main series of vowels, pronouncing in one phrase with the stress on the first syllable:

ptka-ptke-ptko-ptku-ptki-ptki!

Having worked out all the combinations in this way, create options for “phrases”, “dialogues” from them: “Ptka-ptke-ptko?” - "Tpka-tpke-tpko!"

Diction training: public speaking

5. Double consonants

The habit of omitting consonants in the middle of a word also contributes to carelessness of speech, especially if there is a combination of several consonants, even a simple doubling. We often hear: military, instead of military, usually, instead of ordinary, etc. It is necessary to ensure that the doubled consonant sounds longer than usual, like a long sound.

Often one of two identical consonants falls out at the junction of words or a word and a preposition pronounced together, changing the meaning of what was said; for example, instead of from the building we hear a publication. The pronunciation of such words can be trained by selecting paired words with one and double sounds: give - give away (pronounced oddat); not that, Comrades - not that, Comrades; DIVIDE - do it again (pronounced divide), etc.

6. Clean tongues

To work out individual sounds of speech and their combinations, specially composed phrases are used. They repeatedly repeat the trained sound or combination of sounds. To completely or partially get rid of speech defects, it will be enough to have about five tongue twisters in the arsenal with various combinations of incompatible sounds. Here are some of them that we would recommend to you:

The bull is stupid, the bull is stupid, the bull's white lip was stupid.

From the clatter of hooves, dust flies across the field.

The Turk smokes a pipe, the trigger pecks at the grains. Do not smoke, Turk, pipe, do not peck, trigger, grits.

Prokop came - dill boiled, Prokop left - dill boiled. Just as dill boiled under Prokop, so dill boiled without Prokop.

The radish rarely grew in the bed, the bed was rarely in order.

The pig of a blunt-nosed white-nosed dug, dug up half the yard with its snout, dug and undermined.

She was at Frol’s, she lied to Frol about Lavr, she’ll go to Lavr, she’ll lie to Frol about Lavra.

Senka is carrying Sanka and Sonya on a sled. Sledge - lope, Sonya from his feet, Sanka - to the side, Senka - on the forehead, everything - into a snowdrift!

The cuckoo cuckoo sewed a hood. The cuckoo put on a hood: how funny he is in a hood.

The heron was wet, the heron was dry, the heron was withering, the heron was dead.

A bristle at a pig, a scale at a pike.

Chitinka flows in Chita.

Not the stupid one who is stingy with words, but the stupid one who is stupid in deed.

Cook Peter, cook Pavel. Peter swam, Pavel swam.

Here are a coupleadviceovin clear words:

1) It is necessary to work on tongue twisters slowly, carefully checking the installation of each sound, carefully working out its correct sound.

2) Before you start working on tongue twisters, carefully study the rules of pronunciation. You need to know how individual sounds and their combinations are pronounced according to the laws of oral speech, so as not to develop the wrong skill. For example, the words “rarely” (radish rarely grew in the garden) and “bed” sound - “reTko”, “bedroom”; “sewed” (sewn a hood) as “ShShyla”, etc.

3) Record exercises with tongue twisters on a voice recorder, this will allow you to hear yourself from the outside, notice and quickly correct speech flaws, and also make adjustments in the process.

4. Intonation

Intonation is responsible for a lot of things: the melody, the rate of speech, the power of pronunciation, the timbre of the voice.

And in order to achieve expressive intonation, you need to remember the famous saying: "All life is a theater, and the people in it are actors." After all, it is by becoming an actor that you can “hone” intonation. Since the most effective exercise for working on it is reading by roles.

And fantasy will be of great help here. After all, if you are working on intonational pronunciation alone with yourself, then you should draw in the imagination of different interlocutors and tell “them” some text, adjusting precisely to “them” and changing intonation. You can read more about it in the article.

5. Tongue twisters

To develop a good pronunciation of sounds, tongue twisters for diction can be very useful. They are familiar to almost every one of us, and the words are chosen in such a way as to teach a person to pronounce almost incompatible sounds quickly and clearly. Several times, repeating the same phrase of a tongue twister for diction, you will notice that each time the previously naughty sounds are easier to pronounce, and unintelligible speech becomes understandable and articulate. You will find a great variety of tongue twisters on various ones on our website. Here are the most suitable ones:

Firewood in the yard, firewood behind the yard, firewood under the yard, firewood above the yard, firewood along the yard, firewood across the yard, the firewood yard will not fit. Drive the yard back to the wood-burning yard.

Thirty-three ships tacked, tacked, but did not catch.

A bear with raspberries ran past little Marina.

The ram-buyan climbed into the weeds.

A cap on a cap, a cap under the cap.

Tall Vavila merrily tossed his pitchfork.

The jackal walked, the jackal galloped.

Feofan Mitrofanich has three sons Feofanich.

A captain with a captain, a captain with a captain.

The net caught on a knot.

From body to body there was an overload of watermelons. In a thunderstorm, in the mud from a load of watermelons, the body collapsed.

It's terrible for a beetle to live on a bitch.

In a hut, a yellow dervish from Algeria rustles with silks and, juggling with knives, eats a thing of figs.

The gypsy went on tiptoe to the chicken and chuckled, “chick!”

Koshcheya is not treated with cabbage soup.

6. Acting methods

Take advantage of diction training - take walnuts, a cork or a pencil in your mouth and say a few tongue twisters, or read the text.

Pronounce the words slowly, highlighting each letter and concentrating on each word.

That's all for now. Let a charming voice and impeccable diction give you one of the wonderful keys that will help you discover a wonderful speaker in you!

Working on diction using acting methods