Country house. Country house (simple and inexpensive): what type and project to choose, construction, nuances

Country houses are different from full-fledged country house, because here people live only from time to time, on vacation. Most often it is about summer time. This greatly simplifies the design: the house can be lighter without a serious heating system. However, this does not mean that construction can be taken less seriously. It is very important to choose the right contractor. The company SK "Ivales" is engaged in the construction country houses in Moscow and the region and offers the most profitable terms for their clients.

Country houses from a bar

Perhaps the most popular materials for building houses in summer cottages are different types of wooden beams:

• normal;
• glued;
• profiled.

Wood is a natural, environmentally friendly and very practical material. A wooden house is a unique atmosphere, pleasant aroma, healthy and clean air. They are easy to heat, which is very important for giving, because most time it stands empty.

Different types differ in production technology and some features. So, the usual one is made from whole log: all unnecessary is cut off, only a square bar is left. To create a glued beam, thin wooden lamellas are taken, glued and sent under a press. Since lamellas can be made from waste products from other industries, this material is cheaper than other types of timber, and in terms of its qualities it is practically not inferior to them.

The profiled beam differs from the usual one by the presence of grooves. Thanks to them, the bars are nested into each other, like parts of a designer. This ensures a tighter fit of the parts to each other. Thanks to this, heat is better kept in the room and the risk of mold and mildew is reduced.

Timber houses are relatively light, so even a columnar foundation will suffice. At the same time, they are built quite quickly and simply, in just a couple of months.

Frame country houses

It's even more fast option: the manufacturer pre-makes the frame of the house and special wooden shields, from which then as soon as possible going to a finished house. It's practically ideal technology for the construction of country houses. The list of advantages of such buildings is quite long:

• environmentally friendly, natural material;
• attractive appearance both inside and outside;
• warmth and comfort;
• inexpensive construction;
• the minimum amount of equipment required for construction;
• reliability and durability.

That is why frame houses are so popular with customers.

Benefits of IC Ivales

To order country house in our company is a reasonable and practical solution. IC "Ivales" guarantees affordable prices, high speed of work, reliability and decent quality.

We offer a huge number of ready-made projects of country houses of any size. This allows you to choose the option for any needs and budget. If none of the proposed projects fit, you can develop an individual plan for the needs of a particular buyer.

Own plant for the production of building materials allows you to reduce the price of construction, and also simplifies quality control. It is located in the Kirov region, where high-quality timber is actively harvested. For production, the latest domestic and Finnish equipment is used, which employs highly qualified specialists.

The work process consists of several main stages:

• assessment of the site and clarification of the requests of a potential client;
• selection or development of a project that meets the wishes of the client and the working conditions;
• making a house in a factory;
• assembly of the house directly on the site of the customer.

Highly qualified specialists, the latest equipment and excellent technical equipment allow us to perform all work efficiently and in the shortest possible time. In addition, we offer the best prices. Various promotions and discounts are regularly held.

Today's ideas for summer residents are dedicated to small country houses - the photos will be beautiful, inspiring and memorable. Many of you, dear readers, dream of having a small, so-called guest house in addition to the main country house. My husband built my house - a workshop, and I am very grateful to him for this.

In such a house I paint my paintings, draw inspiration from solitude and contemplation, rest from dacha worries and hassle. This, believe me, is extremely important, otherwise you can start to take it out on your family, but why should they? So small house- a godsend for such unloading moments of life.

By the way, materials for the construction of such a house can be taken at bargain prices, or even obtained almost free of charge, as in the case of my husband's brother. He lives in the Novgorod region and at the sawmill they sold him a slab car for 500 rubles.

But the croaker is also very good building material. The main thing is to process and trim it at home - with a circular saw, grinder, etc. Therefore, such small country houses are quite affordable for any family with a small budget.

However, a small house can also be the primary building in the country, if you are just starting to ennoble your own territory. No, but you will have comfort and a roof over your head.

The best option for the initial buildings can just be a small country house. In the future, it can be used either as a guest or as additional room for living and recreation. Or you can give it to children for games - all the kids love it when they have their own corner.

I have talked to many developers and they all unanimously say that such small buildings will cost very little in terms of money. As I said, you can generally make such a house from recycled materials, process it and it will look like a million!

Now you can watch various training videos that show in detail how to build such a small country house with your own hands. In my memory, there are even examples when a simple pensioner alone made herself a nice house for summer living.

To build any summer cottage, you must adhere to some basics of construction. They are not difficult, and quite understandable.

Pay attention to the foundation - in any case, your house should stand on a hill in order to wooden logs the bottom trim is not rotten. By avoiding dampness, you will save your building for a long time. Ideal for foundation little house there will be concrete blocks or brick posts.

I don't consider strip foundation, do not consider piles, as it is expensive and does not make sense. Concrete blocks are ideal. Between the block and the bottom strapping of the timber, lay a layer of roofing material waterproofing, then moisture will not reach into the wood from the ground through the block.

In the photo example above, these concrete blocks are very clearly visible - they are simply mounted on a gravel pad. Since the house is light, this is quite enough.

Wood is ideal for small country houses. Moreover, it is best to take frame construction for the basic option. If the house is summer, then nothing can be laid inside the frame at all. And if the house is planned for the off-season, then you can lay a layer of insulation between the walls of 100 or 50 mm.

Separately, I would like to show the ideas of container houses. They are good in their own way - after all, they can be closed with shutters and thereby completely secure their contents from thieves. The only disadvantage of such structures is that they get very hot in the summer sun.

A container house may be suitable if you have access to cheap used containers. In all other cases, it is more optimal and more expedient to build from wood. It's my opinion.

Very beautiful and cozy little country houses in the style of a hut. The building itself is triangular in shape, the role of the walls is taken over by the roof to the ground. The space in the corners of the house can be used for cabinets and shelves for storing things and household equipment.

By the way, similar design the house is very energy efficient. In winter, a hut-style house keeps heat much better than a classic square. Of course, provided that the roof and end walls are well insulated.

If you are only interested summer version, then you can plan large windows to contemplate your own country cottage area. In summer, all windows can be opened, turning the house into a terrace with the possibility of living on hot nights.

Any, even a small country house, will look more attractive if it is equipped with a veranda or porch. This is both convenient - you can take off your dirty shoes, and practical - you can sit in front of the entrance, admiring the garden and flower beds.

Small country houses are easy to build with your own hands, with a minimum of financial investment. Such a building is quite suitable for the summer residence of a family of 4, because in the summer at the dacha during the day we mostly spend all the time outdoors.

I hope you enjoyed these small country house ideas. I have already had several publications of a similar plan and I will be happy to share links to them with you.

In the material about I tell what they can be built from and give beautiful photo examples.

And in the material about I talk about all the stages of its construction. I hope that the information is enough for you, I wish you pleasant viewing and inspiration!

The project of your future country house is dictated by its purpose. You should understand your task well and implement it on the construction site.

If you expect to spend weekends and holidays in the country, then you should ensure comfort. Pay special attention to the place for guests.

In a wooden country house, it is customary to gather large companies. In such a place, your relatives, work colleagues or just friends should be comfortable. For children, there should be a separate spacious and safe place with the possibility of entertainment. The specialist is advised in such cases to think about a spacious cozy attic. Accordingly, it is desirable to consider a safe spiral staircase with an acceptable step height. At the same time, the staircase structure should not take up too much space in the house. It is not so easy to combine compactness, comfort and safety, for this you need a good project for your future wooden house.

Any leisure provides for some inventory and equipment. It should be stored in the correct place in right conditions. Therefore, the house should have a specially designated place for this, such as a garage or a garage. Pantry. Basement with shelving. In such corners, as a rule, tools, fuel, engine oils and cleaners are stored. For holidays and weekends, you will need a brazier, light portable picnic furniture and much more. All this should be stored in specially provided places. Basement let different kind inventory and equipment were given from exposure to sunlight and temperature changes. Discuss with the experts the location of the windows in the house, you may want to get a balcony.

In a country house it is convenient to spend the whole vacation on your own or with your family. You will have to accommodate guests for a long time, several weeks and even more. In this case, one bathroom is simply not enough. You should also think about the guest room and bedrooms. They should be placed near or far apart, depending on the preferences of the future owners. In the kitchen, you have to fit the guests, and cook in comfort. It is no secret that most people willingly spend time in this part on weekends or on vacation. Provide a bar, and a cozy atmosphere for a meal. The kitchen is also for eating, and not just for cooking.

Vacation home, remote from the city and in general any civilization will have to worry about food supplies and other products for a long time. In snowy weather in winter, you should not count on frequent trips to the city along a swept road.

Photos of country houses - we take into account the features

If you are going somewhere out of town surrounded by your family to meet your old age, you will have to put a comfortable wooden house ik. Design your kitchen as compact and comfortable as possible. Place the bedroom and bathroom on the first floor. So the owners in their old age will not have to run around the floors too often. Cooking also does not require too much effort.

The main guests in this situation will be your beloved grandchildren. For them, provide everything you need, such as a playground, etc. At the same time, your home must still be safe, Special attention take the stairs. It should not be too steep and massive. Steps should be small. Try to combine the practicality and visual appeal of the interior for you and your guests in the layout. Consider your preferences regarding the situation. Decide what furniture will be installed in your house. Perhaps in the living room you want to install a large fireplace for gatherings in the company of true friends. Many even in country house rely on such benefits of civilization as the Internet and television. All these points will also have to be discussed in advance.

The house should be adjusted to your usual lifestyle. Trust the project of a country house only to experienced professionals. They will be able to take into account all your wishes and implement them at the construction site. Many owners of wooden houses at the construction stage are concerned about one question. In what matters to trust the builders, and in what matters to make a decision yourself? In some matters, it is really worth relying on one's own strength when preparing a project.

But in each question, ask for advice from qualified specialists. You point out your requirements, they tell you how to actually do it. This is the only way to get the desired result.

After acquiring a suburban area for a summer residence, the question of how to build a country house with your own hands becomes relevant. Well, to build it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, a huge “palace” is conceived, requiring the involvement of construction equipment and a team of professionals.

Usually compact buildings are chosen for summer cottages, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime all family. It is very important to make the country house cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.

The optimal material for dacha building is wood, and the principle of construction is a frame structure.

Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the place and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.

Proe kt of a small country house

The size of the future home largely depends on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe summer cottage, the number of family members and the material capabilities of the owners. If you plan correctly, draw up a successful project and choose an inexpensive but high-quality material for construction, you can save space, money and time.

In any case, the first steps are drafting

Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Buildings of a larger area are erected much less frequently, and, mainly, in those cases when they are planned to be operated year-round. But this is more likely to be not a country house, but a full-fledged country house.

The layout of the location of the house may have to be carried out on the basis of requirements that may be established by the board of the gardening partnership, therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. Most often, the following distances are required:

• The house should be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border of the neighboring site, and from the fence separating the site from the general passage (street) - at 5 meters.
• In order to ensure fire safety stone house from another stone structure they are placed at a distance of at least six meters, and from a wooden one - ten. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden structure.
• So that the house does not cover neighboring buildings from sunlight, if it is placed on the eastern, southern or western side of the site, it is located at a distance from another residential building, at least equal to its height.

Usually, the highest is chosen for the installation of a country house. place in the area where water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. High humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always negatively affect the overall strength and durability of the structure.

Most often, the following technologies for its construction are chosen for the construction of country houses: frame-panel construction, log cabins, walls made of blocks or bricks.

For summer cottages, projects of one-story houses with closed or open verandas or terraces are mainly chosen. Often the building has attic space used for storage garden tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday life, but which can always come in handy in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes also play the role of a ceiling.

If the family is large, and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan a two-story house that takes up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be given over to the living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor - to arrange cozy sleeping places for the whole family.

Not necessarily in a country house, to build a full-fledged second floor, since an attic superstructure can perfectly fulfill its role. Finishing her natural materials, there you can create a wonderful healthy country atmosphere.

Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for space heating should still be provided - in case of cold nights or a drop in temperature during unstable weather. Usually, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast-iron heating and cooking stoves.

By the way, if the construction of a real fireplace or a brick oven is planned, then they must be included in the draft project.

There are also ready-made options country houses, sold as a set in unassembled form, which you just need to deliver to the site and assemble. Any such set of parts must be accompanied detailed instructions, which set out the procedure for carrying out work, the main technological methods and connection diagrams individual elements and nodes.

For land owner, who has basic skills construction works, it will not be difficult to assemble such a country house on your own. The main advantage of this option can be called the fact that often the kit already includes everything you need to electrical network building, for its ventilation system and even for the installation of water supply.

Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name

What type of house to choose?

Having decided on a rough plan for the future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. Not only the type of the building itself will depend on this choice, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.

• The traditional material for a country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. Wooden house can be built wireframe, from timber or logs. disadvantage wooden buildings consider the material to be highly flammable.

However, wooden houses have always been built, and many of them have stood for centuries. Today on sale there are special fire retardant impregnations, which significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden structures. And in general - the most important thing here is not the material, but the human factor - it is the neglect of the elementary requirements of fire safety by people in the vast majority of cases that causes a fire.

• The construction of a brick structure will cost much more, but it can with great reason be called a full-fledged house, which can be used not only in summer period, but also, if necessary, in winter, if you install a stove in it. brick buildings they are much less susceptible to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. Their disadvantages include more complex and long process from construction, requiring special skills, and high price for materials.

• Very often when building a country house are used different materials. For example, a house is built of wood, but on a foundation of concrete, brick or blocks.

This option can be called optimal, since the foundation of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of walls made of wood, thus - will become a reliable basis for the house.

It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.

Stages of building a country house

Materials for building a country house

If there is no desire to mess with the calculations, then it is better to purchase a team finished model a house that has a certain area, for which it will only be necessary to prepare a place.

In all other cases, you will need to purchase building materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.

Prices for various types of timber

foundation material

For any type of foundation you will need the following materials:

- sand, gravel, cement;

- third-rate board and timber for formwork;

- brick or concrete blocks;

- waterproofing material (roofing material);

- expanded clay of the middle fraction.

Wall and roof material

Since wood was chosen for the construction of walls, then, based on this, other materials will be selected:

- bars and boards of different sizes, depending on the design parameters;

- fasteners - nails, screws, bolts, studs;

- corners of different configurations, metal plates - for fastening knots;

— vapor barrier film ;

- insulation - mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;

- to cover the roof, it is better to choose a light material - ondulin or corrugated board.

After the installation site of the future house is determined, the materials are purchased, you can proceed to the arrangement of the foundation. True, to begin with, you still have to decide on its type.

The foundation of a country house

Even when building such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you can’t do without a foundation. In the case under consideration, one of two types is ideally suited for this purpose - this is a columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.

• The columnar foundation will be a less expensive option, as it will allow you to seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help, which will also save some money.

How to build correctly, you can find out with all the details by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.

• To create a strip foundation, you will need not only large quantity materials, but enough long term. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug around the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof it, install the reinforcing structure, build the formwork and fill the pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, it will also take a month until the filled tape completely solidifies and it gains brand strength.

However, the strip foundation is still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient in that it allows you to make a basement under the house, however, for this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm. described in detail in the article, which can be found on our portal by clicking on the link provided.

If a columnar foundation is chosen, then it is recommended to remove upper layer soil by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm. Then fill in the resulting pit with a layer of sand of 30 ÷ 40 mm, which should be compacted. A layer is laid on top of the sand cushion medium fraction crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be covered with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done so that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They do not tolerate expanded clay (especially small ones), as it contains a large number of dust and has a loose surface.

Expanded clay fine fraction - excellent tool from rodents

To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to close the space under the house metal mesh with cells no larger than 10 mm.

Construction of a frame structure

For a country house optimal choice- frame structure

The frame house can be placed both on a columnar and on a strip foundation. Construction always starts from the base, which must be securely waterproofed two or three layers of laid roofing material.

• If the project provides for a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but will not solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general frame of the walls. Another option - veranda will be attached to the house separately.
• All without exception wooden blanks must be treated with antiseptic compounds and flame retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay, will prevent the appearance of nests of insects or colonies of representatives of microflora - mold or fungus.

• After the blanks have been properly prepared and completely dry, during construction, the lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to mount the floor.

For the floor to be reliable, for the frame it is necessary to take high-quality bars of the desired section. If funds allow, it is better to choose wooden elements not according to the “lower limit” of sizes, but by laying a certain margin in their cross section.

The table shows optimal dimensions timber for a frame house:

• The support beams of the frame are mounted on coronal bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are fixed with the help of corners or by tie-in. If the elements are large in cross section, they can additionally be fastened with metal brackets.

• When the bottom harness with support beams will be ready, wall frames are being made. They can be assembled separately, and then, in finished form, are lifted and fixed to the frame strapping bars.

Another option is to lift the frame directly in place. For example, if a house is being built on its own, without assistants, then it will be very difficult to lift the finished frame from the shade alone to the height of the strapping, set it evenly and temporarily, until it is finally fixed, fix it. And this means that each of the bars will have to be set separately.

• The size of the bars for the racks of the wall frame should be at least 100 × 100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross section of at least 50 × 150 mm.

The bars are fixed to the lower harness with the help of powerful corners that are able to keep them in vertical position. It is best to use not nails, but a self-tapping screw for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.

• When installing vertical racks, you must immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they should be installed in the frame free, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.

Then, when the upper strapping bar is installed and fixed on all other vertical racks, the section with the window opening is fixed in the place left for it.

• All four walls are assembled in the same way. At the corners, the side posts are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common corner post is mounted. It is recommended to support it with diagonal braces on both sides - they will stiffen the entire wall structure.

• The doorway is equipped in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since the hinged door has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.

• If it is planned to sheathe the frame on the outside with clapboard, then the next step is to carry out this event. Sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow you to continue the installation of the attic floor and

The installation of the floor can be carried out immediately after the outer wall cladding, but only if the roof is covered with a roof on the same day. It is highly undesirable for a freshly laid floor covering to get wet if it suddenly rains at night. Therefore, it is better to solve the issue with the roof first, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.

Roof construction and roofing

Types of truss systems

A few words need to be said about the types of truss systems, since, moving on to the construction of the roof, you need to have a general idea about this, to know which design is better to choose.

Rafter systems are of two types - hanging and layered.

Hanging system

The hanging truss system is distinguished by the fact that it is arranged only on external load-bearing walls and does not have other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house. In order to lighten the load on the wooden walls and on the foundation, the hanging rafters are fastened with a puff.

Myself hanging structure consists of a transverse beam, which also performs an overlapping function, and can simultaneously be a frame for filing the ceiling, as well as rafter legs that form the roof slopes.

Layered system

The layered system is mounted if in the house, in addition to external walls, there are internal capital partitions, which will become additional points of support. Such a scheme can also be used in the construction of the roof of a country house, if it has a large area and its rooms are separated by walls built on a foundation.

With this system, the load on the load-bearing side walls becomes weaker, so fewer retaining elements can be used. She's great for attic structures to be used as living quarters.

floor beams

An important structural element - floor beams

The beams are laid exactly above the vertical posts of the wall frame. In order for them to fit snugly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut at their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.

Beams are attached to frame structure walls with nails or self-tapping screws, and in addition they are sometimes fixed on both sides with metal corners.

Having completed the installation of the overlapping beams, you can proceed to building the roof truss system. For safety reasons, temporary boarding is laid on the floor beams to ensure the comfort of moving along the attic plane during the installation of rafters.

Installation of the truss system

The roof truss system can be mounted using a different sequence of fixing its elements:

• First option. It is necessary to fasten the extreme pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then raise them to the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and already mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
• Second option. To begin with, install the middle racks along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge bar or board, on which the rafters are then attached.
• Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are fastened together with a ridge pad, and their lower side is fixed on the wall trim, which in this embodiment will act as a Mauerlat.

The cross section of the beams or logs used for the rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on the rafter length between two fulcrum, and depending on the step between adjacent pairs of rafters

Maximum allowable length rafter leg(in mm)	Rafter spacing (in mm)
	1100		1400		1750		2100
	Section of the rafter leg (in mm)
	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø
up to 3000	80×100	100	80×100	130	90×100	150	90×160	160
up to 3600	80×130	130	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180
up to 4300	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180	100×200	200
up to 5000	80×180	180	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-
up to 5800	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-	-	-
up to 6500	100×200	200	120×220	240	-	-	-	-

It should be noted that the rafter attachment point in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened on the ridge and how long they are.

If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a cut is shown in the picture:

If the rafter ends at the edge of the load-bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut off at a right angle with respect to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed on it using a special mounting plate, sliding support, corner, staples, nails or long self-tapping screws.

If the house is very small, then after fixing the rafters on the strapping, tying them with a ridge beam or board, you most likely will not have to install additional retaining elements.

Detailed information about the exact one can be obtained from a special publication of our portal by clicking on the recommended link:

For the installation of additional, reinforcing elements of the truss system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Fasteners for rafters

Roofing system

After the rafters and additional elements form the slopes of the roof, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for roofing.

• The first thing that needs to be done from the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with brackets, and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.

The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower, eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.

• The main crate is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, on which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the roofing material sheets.

If, however, a soft roof is chosen to cover the roof, then instead of the laths of the lathing, the slopes are covered with a solid one - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing material, which is overlapped by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm and glued together bituminous mastic. Another option is to use soft bituminous decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.

• For wooden houses, the following roofing materials are most often used (depending on the steepness of the roof slope).
  

• On the prepared base, the selected roofing material is laid and fixed. Work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are mounted in the same way.

Some types of roofing materials have a strictly specified installation scheme in the direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions attached to them.

Also, for any type of sheet roofing materials, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ ​​200 mm), and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction, along the roof, is determined.

• Almost all roofing materials are fixed on the crate with the help of special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.

• It is very important to choose and fix the ridge elements of the roof correctly, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Usually the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
• Next, finishing eaves overhang roofs - this can be done with wooden or plastic clapboard. Sometimes special plastic elements - soffits - are used for these purposes.

• Then, elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the windboard - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.

• Further, the gable sides of the truss system are sheathed. Most often, a wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards.

For lining along the perimeter of the gable triangle, a special profile is fixed, into which panels prepared and cut at the right angle will be installed. Installation is usually carried out symmetrically - from the middle rack to one and then the other side - then the skin will turn out to be even and neat.

By the way, to mount the lining, besides, you can horizontally, herringbone or come up with a more complex pattern.

Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.

Now, having finished the external roofing and being sure that the rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can proceed to the installation of windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.

Installation of windows and doors

• Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them, set according to the level. For preliminary fixation, when the frame is set, spacers made of wooden bars or slats are installed between it and the bars of the opening.

Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame with metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars are filled mounting foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off, and platbands are installed around the windows on the outside of the wall, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give accuracy to the general appearance of the house.

• The installation of the door is best done together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. So it will be much easier to align the entire structure according to the level in doorway walls.

The door is best installed as a block - together with the frame and leaf

Exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, enclose wedges (inserts) from wooden slats. Is fixed door frame to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with mounting foam.

Having installed windows and doors in all, you can proceed to the installation of the floor.

Installation and floor insulation

To begin with, the temporary flooring from the boards (if there was one) is removed from the lower frame, and then you need to install the subfloor.

• To do this, on the frame bearing beams cranial bars are nailed or screwed. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.

• Further, boards sawn exactly to size are laid on the cranial bars, or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
• From above, the laid subfloor is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual sheets of material are overlapped (by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm) and glued at the joints with waterproof tape.

• Further, insulating material is laid or poured on the vapor barrier film. If there is no desire to have as neighbors who like to settle under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or fine fraction, or ecowool, to insulate the floor - these toothy pests simply do not live in such materials.

• On top of the insulation, another layer of film membrane is laid, which is nailed to the supporting beams with brackets. The laying principle is exactly the same as on the subfloor.

With the floor - finished!

• Then the whole structure is covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Measures for additional thermal insulation

When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in the ceiling, and if it is absent, place the insulation along the inner slopes of the roof.

• First, vapor barrier material is fixed to all walls and ceiling beams. Then the ceiling is sheathed with clapboard, plywood or drywall.
• After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. At the same time, insulation mats are laid between the racks of the frame. It is necessary to make sure that the mats stand as tightly as possible with an emphasis on the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.

That is why as a heater most often used mineral wool- after dense laying between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling all the space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.

• After that, all walls are again tightened with a vapor barrier film.

• The next step is wall cladding. wooden clapboard, plywood or . The latter, with subsequent decorative trim walls, can be painted water-based paint or covered with wallpaper.

• Further, the attic floor is insulated, where the insulation is placed between the floor beams.

If the ceiling is sheathed from the side of the house with drywall or clapboard, then we must not forget that it is impossible to step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. It is necessary to move carefully along the floor beams.

• In the event that the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden accessories, then on top of the insulation on the floor beams, it is necessary to fix the flooring from boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm.
• The finishing touches of the interior decoration will be the installation of platbands on windows and doors, ceiling and floor plinths and closing the corners with fittings.

Extensions to the house

The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and on the porch.

If space is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.

If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.

Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to manage without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from a knowledgeable master who has experience in such work, will always give helpful advice and will show how certain nodes are correctly mounted in the construction of the house. It is possible to "mobilize" relatives and acquaintances - it is possible that knowledgeable person will be among them.

Video: construction of a country house using frame technology

With the approach of warm days, an increasing number of our compatriots try to visit their summer cottages every weekend. What could be better rest in nature, the ability to breathe fresh air, enjoy the sun and the richness of the plant world? Only an opportunity to prolong this pleasure for a longer period - to spend not only weekends in the country, but also a vacation, or maybe all summer. But for this it is necessary to equip a small dwelling in a summer cottage. If you have not yet acquired a country house, then this publication can be useful and inspiring for you.

Before choosing a project for summer house, you need to decide how often it will be used and how long it will be to live in it. Will you use the dacha only in the warm season or are you planning to visit the dacha in the cold season as well? Or maybe you need a summer house only for a day stay and storage of tools and necessary fixtures for country work, and no one will spend the night in it? Not only the choice of the size of the country house, but also the material from which it will be made and finished will depend on the answers to all these questions.

For many of our compatriots country houses It has ceased to be a luxury and has become a necessity. Someone likes to spend every weekend outside the bustle of the city and gas pollution, but for someone all the summer time spent in the country is the best months of the year. And there are those homeowners who spend a lot winter days in a country house. That is why it is better to decide at the initial stage of planning whether you will need heating and water supply in the house and other engineering systems (electricity will most likely be provided by default).

When we talk about a permanent home, we mean an apartment or home ownership that reflects the lifestyle of the owners, their stylistic and taste preferences, and even their way of thinking. A country house is not much different from the main place of residence, it is also able to reflect your views on the perception of a variety of concepts. Therefore, it is worth paying special attention to prioritizing the design and arrangement of summer (or off-season) cottages for summer cottages.

In order to feel really calm, comfortable and safe in a country house, it is important at the construction planning stage to find out all the advantages and disadvantages of certain projects, to find out as much information as possible about building materials and methods for the rapid construction of temporary dwellings for summer cottages or a thorough construction of a monumental building for a long and off-season accommodation.

Choosing a project for a country house

Nowadays, country house projects are one of the fastest growing areas of design and engineering. Whether you are planning to build a small summer house or a solid home for year-round living, at the design stage it will be necessary to take into account the features of the landscape and the type of soil of the summer cottage (the choice of foundation will largely depend on this).

Projects of country houses can be divided into standard (ready-made) and individual (created according to your requirements, wishes and features of the landscape of a summer cottage). If you are contacting a developer for standard project, then you can be sure that the option you have chosen has already been worked out (you may even be able to see how the projects of this company look a few years after implementation). In this case, the risk is minimized, and the cost of such a project will be acceptable and affordable.

But what if the standard options for country houses do not suit you. If you want uniqueness, originality and creativity with maximum observance of practicality and comfort? In this case, it is necessary to order an individual, special project, which will certainly take more time and financial resources.

ordering individual project, you will need to work closely with the designer. It is important that features design solutions had a harmonious architectural embodiment. For a country house, it is necessary to strike a balance in the use of decor, both in the exterior of the building and in its interior. Try to avoid congestion in everything, it is better to strive for minimalism in this case.

The ideal would be a project of a house, in which it was possible to take into account not only the practical side of the issues of a comfortable stay of the owners in the country, their stylistic preferences and budget for the project, but also the harmony of the resulting building with environment, landscape design suburban area, features of the nature of the area of ​​residence.

What material to choose for the construction of a country house?

If with design ideas you have already figured it out, then it's time to think about what materials your country house will be made of. Let's try together to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the most popular materials for the construction of suburban temporary or off-season housing.

The modern construction market offers a considerable range of materials for the construction of country housing, the most popular are the following:

• wood;
• stone, brick;
• foam block;
• frame products.

Of course, these are not all options for materials for construction. summer cottages, there are houses made of reinforced concrete slabs, metal plates or even straw. But we will analyze the most popular and practical options.

Country house from foam blocks

Foam blocks for construction began to be used not so long ago, but this material has already managed to become popular among our compatriots. Houses built from foam blocks are quite durable and comfortable. They are highly economical and energy saving. Among other things, the foam block has a surface that is easy to process and decorate. As a result, not only the construction of the building, but also its decoration cost an amount acceptable to most Russians, which for many homeowners is a key aspect when choosing a material for construction.

Advantages of foam block buildings:

• comfortable microclimate of the room, regardless of the time of year;
• high fire resistance;
• excellent sound insulation;
• acceptable price;
• durability;
• good resistance to manifestations of climatic features (a foam block house perfectly keeps cool in summer and warm in winter, which means that much less electricity is spent on heating and air conditioning a home);

If you are planning a long stay in the country, but without installing additional engineering systems, then a foam block house will be the most advantageous option.

Disadvantages of foam block houses:

• a foundation is needed, which means additional costs for material and work;
• construction time is required much more than when assembling frame dwellings.

As a rule, houses built from foam blocks are faced with decorative panels giving them a very respectable and attractive appearance.

Housing for a summer residence made of stone or brick

If you plan to spend a lot of time in the country, including during the cold season, then you need to consider building a house made of brick or even stone. Obviously, such a structure can serve you for many decades with minimal maintenance. But as long as such houses are durable, they are just as expensive in terms of acquiring material and paying for construction work (especially for stone buildings).

Advantages of brick and stone dwellings:

• durability;
• strength;
• reliability;
• resistance to humidity, temperature extremes and climatic features ( strong wind, For example);
• high sound insulation;
• good heat capacity, which means savings on heating systems

But in addition to the obvious advantages, there are also disadvantages that become noticeable when it comes to country housing:

• high cost of material and work of construction specialists;
• a lot of time needs to be spent to build a house, even a small one;
• the only possible option for the foundation is monolithic (it will not work to save). It's connected with high density material and as a result - a large mass of the walls of the building;
• the construction of a monolithic foundation entails the use of special equipment and the necessary waiting (for a month or more) for the concrete to acquire the necessary strength.

A brick or stone house is suitable for living in it in winter only if you plan to spend more than two days (weekends) there. When not permanent residence in a brick or stone house, every time you turn it on heating system(on gas or diesel fuel), you will need to wait almost a day (depending on the size of the house) until it warms up.

Wooden house for a summer residence - material features

From the very beginning of the emergence of country dwellings, people preferred houses made of wood. Natural raw materials will never lose popularity. Wooden houses the most environmentally friendly, they give the owners an atmosphere of comfort, warmth and tranquility. At present, the country houses of our compatriots are mainly one-story small buildings.

But there are also buildings with attics and two-story houses. Often there is a need for additional space, and there is not much space left for construction on the summer cottage. In this case, the option of a summer house with an attic saves. He also helps out in case of need in the garage. But it must be taken into account that with permanent residence in the country, heating a building on two levels will be more difficult and costly.

Advantages of wooden houses for summer cottages:

• are cheaper than brick and stone;
• construction takes less time;
• due to the lighter weight of the material, it is possible to use a pile-screw foundation on almost all types of soil (its installation is carried out in a few days and without the use of complex construction equipment, no need to dig a foundation pit);
• the tree does not conduct sound waves well, which means that it will be quiet and calm in a wooden house;
• excellent thermal insulation (in winter you will have to burn a minimum amount of fuel, heat loss is negligible);
• in winter, it is much easier and faster to heat a cooled, non-residential house than a brick or stone one;
• great scope for imagination, there are practically no restrictions on the shape and size of wooden houses (due to the low weight and high strength of the material);
• high environmental safety for people and the environment;
• the tree self-regulates the level of humidity - if there is excess moisture, then the material will absorb it, otherwise - the lack of moisture will be compensated from wooden walls and gender. It is very comfortable to be in a room with wooden surfaces.

This option building material perfect for owners who do not have the opportunity to permanently live in the country and get out there only for the weekend.

Disadvantages of wood as a building material:

• high fire hazard (the need to treat all building material with a special solution);
• low resistance to the appearance of fungus and decay (the use of antiseptic impregnations will significantly reduce the risk of mold and possible subsequent destruction of the material).

Unfortunately, all these impregnations have a very complex chemical composition and using them for wood processing, we deprive the material of environmental friendliness and its "breathing" properties. There is an inevitable dilemma between the safety, aesthetics and environmental properties of wood.

In terms of building options, there are several types of wooden houses. The most popular of them are a chopped wooden house made entirely on the basis of a log house or a country house made of glued beams. Such houses can be with an attic, attic, as well as frame.

The following types of foundation are usually used for the construction of wooden houses:

• monolithic;
• columnar;
• pile.

It should be noted that in our country the most widespread are capital structures made of timber on monolithic foundation, but with a little depth. Material such as timber is suitable for quick construction. It will take only a couple of weeks to build a reliable home with good heat and sound insulation and minimum expenses for subsequent heating. But you need to be prepared for the fact that a house made of timber will require insulation and exterior finish(which can be started no earlier than a year after the end of the first stage of building a house).

As for glued beams, ready-made blanks-costructors made in the factory are delivered to your summer cottage. The house, which is called "turnkey", can be built immediately, glued laminated timber is a dry material. Due to the fact that the beam is planed from all sides, the finished surfaces almost do not need additional finishing. But you still have to sand the walls a little and cover them with a protective layer.

But no material is without flaws. If in the process of manufacturing glued laminated timber, technological errors occurred (for example, the boards were not finished drying), then this will affect all the properties of the material and the structure as a whole. Therefore, do not chase cheapness (and finished houses from glued beams attract with their affordability), it is better to choose a trusted developer company with recommendations and famous name On the market.

There is another production option wooden house– log cabins handmade. In this case, the logs are subjected to minimal processing, only a small part of the top layer of wood is cut off, which, of course, affects the properties of the material and the entire building in the future. Houses are strong and durable. Logs are taken for the log house High Quality, they are carefully sorted in order to meet the exact requirements of the building geometry. As a result, you can be sure of the high thermal insulation properties of a wooden dwelling. A calibrated handmade log cabin differs from a rounded log cabin precisely by the minimal processing of the initial raw material - logs. But the cost of such a dwelling will be significantly higher than not only a frame house, but also a building made of glued beams.

Features of frame country houses

Many of our compatriots are pleased with the prospect of getting a country house literally in a matter of days. You simply choose the building project you like from the developer and sign the contract. Further, the developer performs most of the work on the collection of frame shields on its territory, the designer is already half-ready at your site. Via special equipment prefabricated panels gather very quickly.

The light weight of the structure allows the use of a pile type of foundation, which requires a minimum of material and time costs. Frame houses have an attractive appearance, and their cost is much lower than brick or wooden ones.

But such a house will be a good value for money for you only in the warm season (in our country it is from about May to September, depending on the climate in the region). The fact is that initially the technology of frame "fast" houses was developed for use in Europe and the USA, where in most regions, even in winter, the temperature does not drop significantly below zero degrees. Even if there is good insulation, heat loss at home will be large, fuel consumption for heating the building in winter (even in frosts down to -10 degrees) will be maximum. Even individual system heating will not be able to cope with sufficient heating of the building in severe frosts, but about central heating and you don't have to speak. Yes, and all kinds of heaters - materials, very beloved different types rodents, which is an additional problem for the owners.

In summer, in the heat frame houses also uncomfortable. The walls get very hot in the sun and begin to give off heat inside the room, as a result, it will be simply impossible to stay in the house. Systems need to be installed forced ventilation and conditioning.

Frame houses are cheap to build, but expensive to operate. In addition, the design features do not allow the building to "breathe". Several layers of film under the insulation do not let air through at all.

712 1068 Dix https://www.pngDix 2015-05-07 19:26:54 2018-11-30 11:20:59 Interesting, original and practical country houses